Life on Land during the Triassic & Jurassic / The Dawn of the Dinosaurs | GEO GIRL

[@sycodeathman]

The Triassic is such a complex and interesting time in the history of life on Earth, love to see more videos on the subject!

[@GEOGIRL]

Yes, I totally agree, I never thought the triassic extinction would become one of my fav extinction events, but now that I've made the video about it, I really do think it was so much cooler and more dynamic than I originally thought!

[@NelsonDiscovery]

@@GEOGIRL Aha! You do like extinction events! And here you were going all: "The dinosaurs pretty much took over after the Late-Triassic Extinction. lol Who benefits from an extinction event? lol" But now your true colors are showing.

[@michaeleisenberg7867]

Rachel, Sorry to interrupt your dissertation/defence preparation but I love this. The ginko. "Whatever it is doing it must be working." 😊

[@Hellbender8574]

The Triassic period is underrated, but the Earth's rebound from the end-Permian extinction is inspiring. Many open niches in new habitats filled with a plethora of life.

[@joshuastrittmatter4188]

If there’s one thing the Great Dying has taught us, it is this: Life on Earth is more resilient than we could ever give it credit to be. No matter how cataclysmic the mass extinction, life will always rebound sooner or later. There will always be those select few plants and animals that will be adaptable enough and resilient enough to sit it out. And as the planet inevitably recovers, so will they emerge and re-diversify. Life on Earth will still be going strong long after we’re gone.

[@aboukirman3508]

I love it when 'Nessie' gets a mention. Greetings from Scotland! 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿

[@cerberaodollam]

"who benefits from a mass extinction?" the underdog of the previous period, usually.

[@Memento_maiores]

Thank you for your work. In our country, few people pay attention to plants, they mainly talk about animals, and even then, vertebrates.

[@GEOGIRL]

Yes! I have noticed this as well, I love talking about the invertebrates and plants to give the full picture and I find it so unfortunate that many videos leave that info out. Thanks for the comment! I am so glad you liked the video ;)

[@NelsonDiscovery]

@@GEOGIRL I also appreciate you giving us a good overview on plants and everything really. Your videos are very helpful as a grounded basis while I do the worldbuilding for my fanfic. Which... coincidentally takes place during an extinction event lol

[@footfault1941]

What I like this (series of) video is in that she (& her co-workers) takes the issues from a different standpoint. Unique in short. That makes this very informative & complete in depicting scenes in the remote past in a more complete form. Brilliant! Go on!

[@chrisconnors7418]

When I used to teach first yr biology, the two biggest section updates every year for five years I taught were hominid fossil discoveries, and new bird or bird-like discoveries and better understanding of how they moved, lived, metabolized, grew, and reproduced along with nailing down specific colours of feathers. After a break of five years I taught the course again. There was so much new info on birds and bird ancestors I could have taught for several weeks just in that topic. It’s now been 13 yrs since I seriously studied it, and just from casual reading I know there again have been many changes. It’s great.

[@GEOGIRL]

I know I love it when I hear about updates to the field! I actually didn't know about the reconstructions of the colors of dino feathers until I started researching for the 'why dinos were so successful' video, but I find that so amazing! :D

[@chrisconnors7418]

It is amazing! I read one of the initial papers on finding the melanosomes in fossilizrd feathers and how they determined possible colour based on the melanosome shape compared to modern bird melanosomes. I was literally on the edge of my seat as I read, talking to myself: no way, brilliant detective work, oh that’s clever, how did you…oh, I see; did you account for …ah, you did…etc. I was rather excited about the paper and carried a print copy around with me so I could reread parts over and over. Yeah, bird nerd alert here. :)

[@GEOGIRL]

@@chrisconnors7418 Hahaha I love that, especially that you carried the print copy with you! That's awesome, just stand on the street and hand them out to people haha ;D

[@chrisconnors7418]

😆

[@takashitamagawa5881]

Paleontologist Jack Horner has been involved in the "chickenosaurus" project. The rationale is that if birds evolved from saurischian dinosaurs then perhaps there is enough information in the bird genome to reproduce some kind of representative animal akin to dinosaurs. If I remember correctly two aspects of the dinosaurs that are not apparent in the chicken genome are the bony tail and the teeth. Birds normally don't have teeth although the information to form teeth is present and sometimes teeth pop out of a bird's jaw. But those teeth don't have enamel. Since dinosaur teeth must have had enamel that information has been obscured or lost. And birds don't have bony tails as dinosaurs obviously did.

[@barryfennell9723]

Geo Girl teaches me how to love her.

[@2LUG981]

Geo girl is my favorite prehistoric presenter😊 much success to you and looking forward to future paleo videos.keep up the good work 😊👍❤️

[@GEOGIRL]

Thank you so much! So glad you enjoy my historical geo videos ;D

[@Adventurer.137]

Very informative video۔۔۔

[@wavemaker54]

Another informative and entertaining presentation. I am so grateful there’s heaps more to view. Thanks, GeoGirl!

[@tedetienne7639]

Thank you for this great video! I really enjoyed it! I have one TINY correction: At around 4:00, you say that the plant life would have looked similar to today, except for “the missing flowers.” For a general KZbin audience (who might not have seen your previous video), you should clarify that “flowers” includes all angiosperms - including flowering trees. A forest without oak, maple, tulip poplar, apple trees, etc. would have looked much different. I absolutely LOVE your work! ☺️

[@GEOGIRL]

Yes! Thank you for the clarification there! Flowers in this case includes anything that encases a seed, so fruits and stuff as well, thank you for point that out Ted, you are always keeping me on top of things ;)

[@sydhenderson6753]

You didn't mention the Carnian pluvial episode maybe a third of the way through the Triassic. Basically it was very dry before, was wet for a couple of million years, and then turned dry again. The beginning and end of this were two of the extinction events you mentioned. It also benefited the dinosaurs a lot more than the stem reptiles and gave them a major boost.

[@GEOGIRL]

Hey, so funny you mention that! I talk about that in an upcoming video about 'non-big 5' extinction events! :) Thanks for mentioning that here, I should've mentioned it in this one as well :)

[@redhaze8080]

Land Crocodiles would really change the vibe of going for a walk in the bush.

[@TheRexisFern]

I feel like stepping back in time would feel more akin to walking a fantasy world than what we used to think. Creatures weren't a flat matte of scaly reptiles, it was a cacophony of strange and wondrous organisms trying to survive with each other.

[@GEOGIRL]

Totally agree!

[@kerriemckinstry-jett8625]

🤣 This reminds me a bit of astronomy class a few weeks ago... Me: "About 65 million years ago, the dinosaurs became extinct... actually, I should clarify, about 65 million years ago, most of the dinosaurs went extinct. There are plenty of dinosaurs living today. You might have eaten one for dinner." Student 1: "Whoa..." 10 or 15 seconds go by... Student 2: "Chicken!!!!" That croc vs. dinosaur picture is priceless. 🤣

[@davidhoward4715]

Your presentations are the most literate and informative on the internet. I want more!

[@GEOGIRL]

Thank you so much!

[@GreatBigBore]

Pre-flowers was also pre-grasses, I think? Gardeners would have been really bored

[@calinradu1378]

I find the Triassic fauna way more interesting than that of the Jurassic and Cretaceous. There really isn't so much attention to it as it deserves. Rachel your videos are beautiful. But nowhere are they near the beauty of your eyes😉

[@John-ir2zf]

I am extraordinarily happy to see this video at almost one thousand veiws in one day !! When I began watching your presentations (several youtube accounts ago) I would feel slightly sad that such a beautiful and smart person wasn't reaching more of an audience. Some early videos had disheartening veiw counts, but you persevered and now as more get to experience your channel, it will be recommended to more and more people ! Keep up your great work and never lose your excitement for the sciences !!! ( because I enjoy seeing you smile ! )

[@GEOGIRL]

AHH I know right! I love and hate it at the same time hahaha I get so many more views as well as love and nice comments, but I also get more hate, so I feel I am a bit more hesitant to look at the comment section recently due to my growth, but I am still so happy about it! I just have to learn to grow thicker skin ;) But I always get so happy to see comments like yours, they make my day, so thank you very much for the kind words and the support from the beginning! You are the ones keeping me going ;D

[@aboukirman3508]

You are such a creep!!!😂😂😂

[@robertcoplin2830]

Thanks, I stumbled into your site on my somewhere else and I'm glad I did. I learned some new things and that's always good.

[@GEOGIRL]

Yes! Learning new things is always great ;D

[@Alberad08]

Really like this kind of compact (though, well researched) format, you present with these 'paleo clips'!

[@GEOGIRL]

Thank you! So glad you like these videos ;D

[@jesuschrist7169]

Yes, yes I remember it back than. Good times.

[@Beastclub679]

Nice look....geo girl' And also... very nice video...🙃🙃🦕🦕🦕🦖

[@GEOGIRL]

Thank you ;)

[@Beastclub679]

@@GEOGIRL most welcome..🙃🙃

[@NelsonDiscovery]

10:00 I was amusedly frowning at that as I saw the distinction on the screen. Very ironic.

[@tsmspace]

dinosaur plants and mammals really are interesting and under-showcased.

[@gudepop1974]

Great videos! Much more in depth than the more famous ones. Much better as a result.

[@GEOGIRL]

So glad you think so, I know many people prefer less details especially about plants and invertebrates, but I like to talk about the whole picture :) Thank you for the comment!

[@lugnutdecepticon]

Such a good video!!! Always look forward to new ones!!!!

[@GEOGIRL]

Thank you!!! :D

[@harryflashman3141]

A great lecture. Thanks.

[@ryanpurpura80]

You're doing GREAT! More followers coming!

[@isaaccharles3021]

Very cool video. I especially like that you briefly explain terminology that beginners might not know. Very useful, especially for kids. One suggestion: consider using AKA less. Many of the spots you use it would better be served by e.g. (or just 'for example') or i.e. (or just 'that is to say')

[@trongthanh58]

I really like your channel It helps me to know more I always follow and wait for you to release more videos

[@melaniebruchard3226]

that was great!!! i really enjoyed it thanks!!

[@GEOGIRL]

Thanks! So glad you enjoyed it ;D

[@AnnoyingNewslettersPage6]

To finish up my undergrad science requirements, I had taken a five week geology course over the summer semester, as well as a one-week course on dinosaurs. Mid-term's on Wednesday; final's on Friday. It covered the idea that some dinosaurs may have been ectothermic, some endothermic, and (the big boys) some gigantothermic. 🤓

[@GEOGIRL]

Oh wow! I am surprised my book didn't mention gigantothermy, that's so cool! I will have to look into that for future videos. Thanks for the comment and fun factoid :D

[@guramannen]

Ill reserve a spot for u on the 2nd screen, please keep em coming! :)

[@christianhunt7382]

packed full of info, good stuff! cant wait for IO! :)

[@GEOGIRL]

ME TOO! ;D

[@willisfouts4838]

A hot cup of a nice dark roast, a lil phat pre-roll and some *fresh* factoids about some fascinating critters - c’mon, it doesn’t get much better!!

[@willisfouts4838]

- fresh - lol well, some fossilized factoids!! *fixed* it 😂

[@eriksaari4430]

i put on my robe and a wizard hat

[@RobinKnight]

Perhaps the early dinosaurs had an advantage over mammals because of a more efficient gas exchange respiratory system akin to the avian? Dire times during the early Triassic.

[@carltuckerson7718]

So, the Mesozoic is not my best subject. But the topic of mass extinctions got me thinking about unconformities. Obviously, unconformities are regional features and different ages around the globe experience uplift and subsidence at different times. It would be cool to see the relationship between mass extinctions and unconformities at different spots in North America. Many of the lower Paleozoic mass extinctions are associated with regional unconformities - with the Devonian being the most prevalent (in my opinion, but I'm also bias). Anyway, thanks for the informative video!

[@edgeofsanity9111]

I think you missed the broader Archosaur clade that includes Crocodylomorphs and Dinosauromorphs, but also Rauisuchians as these were dominant in the Triassic before going extinct (except for the Pterosaurs, Dinosaurs and Crocodylomorphs) during the TrJ extinction event Otherwise, great and very inclusive video

[@dannya1854]

The Triassic has always been so neglected but it was the time of so much experimentation with so many reptiles, especially among archosauria.

[@davidmccarty6445]

Now that was educational.. thanks

[@GEOGIRL]

Thanks! So glad you found it educational ;)

[@camelopardalus]

Who knew paleontology could be so... appealing? Endearing, even? Shall we say, naughty?

[@camelopardalus]

Thanks for the ❤, Rachel, you're a good sport!

[@phillipmitchell2254]

Hell yeah new (to me) science channel 🥳

[@GEOGIRL]

Yay! So glad you like it ;D

[@spacerx]

Crocodiles evolved from crocodylomorphs, not dinosauromorphs. Those were the two main branches of the archosaurs.

[@theflyingdutchguy9870]

people tend to forget the time of the dinosaurs is a really freaking long time. like 4 times as long as the time between the mass extinction and now. and ofcourse people often confuse clades like pterosaurs and mosasaurus for dinosaurs. and ofcourse a lot that are still around now.

[@ghostfifth]

Thanks

[@robotaholic]

You are so intelligent and I love learning so much. It is so funny how intensely annoyed you are with misconceptions about dinosaurs. But, thank you for that too because I definitely learned more because of that. 😆 🤣

[@realcourte]

Once upon a time... in Earth' past! 😀* Always wondering when mammals' evolution begun?! No link found yet?

[@gildedbear5355]

"who benefits from a mass extinction?" Anything that survives 8)

[@GEOGIRL]

Well, not necessarily because species that survive in small numbers become more susceptible to extinction in the next event, but I guess if we are talking about individuals rather than groups (like species, etc.) then yes, anyone who survives ;)

[@footfault1941]

Strictly speaking, recovery might not be an appropriate term. Rather, replaced by distinctly different fauna. Extinction reinvented the entire panorama, offering vacant niches for different actors. This features the mesozoic era in particular with the introduction of vertebrate powered flyers.

[@GEOGIRL]

Great point! There was a lot of replacement of groups of animals with new ones after the extinction event, but when I say recovery, I am refering to the small number of groups that didn't go completely extinct and did rediversify during the triassic, I should've been more clear about that ;)

[@footfault1941]

@@GEOGIRL another great point. After catastrophic damages, lucky survivors regain previous niches, although seemingly with reduced success in space & richness within genus (no stats I can produce though).

[@a.randomjack6661]

Latin is a dead language Geo Girl. feel free to pronounce as you wish, no one can correct you. Had some interesting discussions with nephew who studied (mastered) Medieval literature, and then in French➿English translation. Thanks for making my Sundays enjoyducational 🤓 Take care✌

[@GEOGIRL]

Haha true, thanks for the comment! I am glad you enjoyed the video ;) Love the word enjoyducational btw, I think I will start using that as well lol!

[@a.randomjack6661]

@@GEOGIRL As long as you don't copyright it 😁

[@nw5524]

Great video! Is Pisanosaurus a good model for how ornithischian dinosaurs started out?

[@GEOGIRL]

Thank you! And great question! Unfortunately, I am not a dino expert, so I have no clue :( I am sorry, I wish I could be of more help!

[@mspicer3262]

I read that the secret to flying is to throw yourself at the ground, and miss. That last part is really important, and where my personal experiments have ended, every time. One day I won't need minor first-aid, one day...

[@rursus8354]

_"Marine predators resemble Loch Ness monster"_ - how do you know?

[@GEOGIRL]

Hahaha Okay fine, they resemble the depiction we have created of the Loch Ness monster ;)

[@Pwnagotchi-0]

I wish toy/model companies would make temnospodyls, nimravids, therapsids, and metriorhynchids or sprassodonts but we are lucky if we get any of them 😢

[@Henri79]

Your videos are absolutely fascinating. Have you ever considered writing an introductory text book for the general audience? (Or perhaps you could recommend a good book or two on the subject?) Thank you for the great content! 👍

[@Henri79]

And I just noticed all the recommendations in the video description. Pardon my stupidity! :)

[@GEOGIRL]

Wow, it's funny I never thought I was qualified to until I read this comment, but that is something I would absolutely LOVE to do! Maybe someday I will try it ;D

[@GEOGIRL]

Haha glad you found the recommendations, I hope you check them out and enjoy ;)

[@while.coyote]

It's like studying an alien planet, except, nope, that used to be the totally normal wildlife.

[@curtisblake261]

During which period did we start having alligators in the sewers?

[@jasonsspecial]

To absorb this information I personally need to be highly caffeinated !

[@GEOGIRL]

Hahaha Me too ;)

[@a.randomjack6661]

I'm equipped. French press coffees are the best IMO. Siiip ☕ 😋

[@stevewiles7132]

I prefer the Plasticine era, my all time favorite.

[@thehairywoodsman5644]

AWESOME ! thank you.

[@GEOGIRL]

Of course! So glad you liked it ;D

[@UnderhillKoufax]

Tree-sized Sphenopsids also formed forests in the Triassic.

[@sabkabro2322]

Happy Diwali to you

[@Beastclub679]

Hii ..geo girl....

[@HannahHäggAutisticTransWoman]

I saw docomentury about flowering plants that they first diveired from other plants about 200 million years ago it was according to dna analysis

[@jeangab536]

😻instant follow

[@KwanLowe]

Thanks!

[@kwinter2541]

Whew is it ever all comin· back to me . #DihTech

[@oker59]

I don't know if I've ever heard about the different skeletal structures(the pelvis mostly here) between the bird and lizard hips But, the living fossils was more interesting. We have some living fossil life. There's a fish that goes back lie 500 million years. They discovered one, the Coelacanth a long time ago - like 1940's or 30's! Of course, here you mention a living fossil plant!

[@stormevans6897]

Wait, ectothermic is cold blooded, so that means ectoplasm means cold.. whatever plasm is?

[@GEOGIRL]

Haha no, actually cold blooded and warm blooded were just really poor terms to describe ectothermic and endothermic. The real meaning behind ectothermic is a species that gets its heat from external sources, so ecto is the external part and thermic is heat. Blood has nothing to do with it, that's why we are moving to these more accurate terms now ;) Hope that makes sense!

[@HannahHäggAutisticTransWoman]

Birds started to evolve in the Jurassic period from theropod paraves dinosaurs. So birds are Avialae or Avian dinosaurs.

[@UnderhillKoufax]

Phytosaurs are not crocodiles. They are phytosaurs.

[@Skeptical_Numbat]

The post *_"Great Dying"_* radiation ('round the *mid-Triassic,* when the climate had finally stabilised, after another 10 million years of disruptive envionmental crashes PGD) ended up creating some extraordinarily bizarre organisms all through the *Triassic* - with niches similar to modern ones existing, but the creatures fitting into them being bloody weird. • Crocodiles - but with hooves, • Gliding lizards - but with the membranes between their hind legs, & • Salamanders - but monster-sized & pretending to be Crocs. Sorry, but isn't the crown clade between *Crocodiles* & *Dinosaurs* *Archosauria?* I thought it diverged into *Crurotarsia, Suchia* & (eventually) *Crocodylomorpha* (true crocodiles) on one branch, and *Avemetatarsalia, Dinosauromorpha* & (eventually) *Dinosauria* on the other.

[@sirensynapse5603]

👽 good times.

[@Beastclub679]

Did dinasour present in Texas?😜

[@GEOGIRL]

Yea plenty of dinosaurs roamed texas (or what eventually became texas) in the Mesozoic! :D

[@Beastclub679]

@@GEOGIRL wow .... Wonderful..... I was seen egg of dynasor in dinasor park India...🙃🙃 I invite you for this...🙃and we both will go for visiting this park

[@reidflemingworldstoughestm1394]

I feel sorry for the ancient Greeks. It must have been an awful existence, going thru life with the impression dinos were terrible, not all warm and cuddly as we now know they were.

[@matthewbrown8679]

Thanks for the video. I'm afraid you made a pretty big mistake in this one, though I'm guessing you know this by the time of my comment. 8:30 crocodiles did not evolve from dinosauromorpha. Avemetatarsalia is the clade that includes all archosaurs more closely related to birds than to crocodiles, (pterosaurs belong to avemetatarsalia), and the current definition of dinosauromorpha includes all avemetasalians more closely related to birds (and other dinosaurs) than pterosaurs. The orher major subclade of archosaurs is the pseudosuchia, which includes all archosaurs more closely related to crocodiles than to birds. It's confusing because earlier definitions of dinosauromorpha had included groups, like ornithosuchia, now known to belong to pseudosuchia. Pdeudosuchia were quite dominant in the late triassic, and dazzlingly diverse. Of all pseudosuchians only a group of small, long legged, gracile creatures, comprising the early crocodylomorphs, are known to have survived into the jurassic. Its up to debate whether some basal crocodylimorphs were still endothermic, but evidence is fairly stong for endothermy among early pseudosuchia.

[@GEOGIRL]

Thanks so much for informing me and for all the details, I wasn't aware! This is super helpful info, I will update to ensure I account for this in future videos! :)

[@Pwnagotchi-0]

So many neglected prehistoric animals it ain’t right

[@alexiscornille8627]

Good Job! but no words on Phytosaurs! (my research topic). Very disappointed ;)

[@GEOGIRL]

I just looked those up, they look so impressive! Are they related to croccodiles or croccodile ancestors?

[@2RANbit]

Did you forget to mention Archosaurians?

[@eriktiedgen9442]

Timline?

[@curtisblake261]

Somehow human brain evolution enabled us to go to the moon and beyond. I think that counts as flying.

[@UnderhillKoufax]

Vertebrates invaded the air in the Permian.

[@stormevans6897]

Where are your 1 million subscribers?

[@GEOGIRL]

Great question haha ;)

[@refuztosay9454]

Great video - one question- how was global warming possible without humans burning fossil fuel? Oh I see - the climate “changes” on its own - and to great degrees independent of man’s minuscule influence. Does this mean we can cancel the climate change panic?

[@GEOGIRL]

This is a great question, and yes Earth's climate changes and has changed many times throughout Earth history without the influence of man. But currently we are exaccerbating the warming trend with release of CO2 into the atmosphere from the rock record (fossil fuels). It is, however, not the amount that we are contributing, but the rate that is dangerous. Throughout Earth's history, climate has changed due to fluctuations of CO2 in the atmopshere, however, natural CO2 releasing processes occur over geologic timescales, millions of years, whereas we are doing so in decades. The rate is what is dangerous (not to Earth, Earth will be fine, but to life on Earth that cannot adapt that fast). Hope that makes sense ;) (I am sorry for the misunderstanding about man-caused climate change, I feel as though news outlets and articles make it seem like man is the only cause and that it is the amount we contribute rather than the rate)

[@refuztosay9454]

@@GEOGIRL thanks for responding. you and your videos are wonderful. i think however, positive feedback loop for CO2 greenhouse contribution to temp increases is not nearly as aggressive as previously thought - thus the amount we contribute did not lead to run away temp increases - but instead, rather happier plants (note per your review of plant adaptation to increased CO2) as the fewer stomata means plants do better in semi-arid regions as they needs less water. So increases in CO2 is very beneficial to regions of the world with less rainfall. anyway - i think we might disagree a little bit - and i promise not to take you down the climate change rabbit hole with further questions :)

[@GEOGIRL]

​@@refuztosay9454 I agree that we may slightly disagree but I am super thankful for your throughtful and respectful way of stating your opinion, thank you! ;)

[@nicholasmaude6906]

Another interesting video, Rachel, and on another note here's this short video ( kzbin.info/www/bejne/nGTCgHeEaNmel80 ) from Ben G. Thomas that might interest you concerning Neanderthal genes.

[@GEOGIRL]

Yay, I LOVE Ben G Thomas! Thanks!

[@nicholasmaude6906]

@@GEOGIRL When I first watched Ben, Rachel, he had his glasses on and my reaction was "Heh, Clark Kent with an English accent"😁.

[@royaleblizzard2460]

Why the Dinos so......Impresive? 🤔

[@GEOGIRL]

Hmm you'll have to wait and see my 'why dinos were so successful' video ;)

[@royaleblizzard2460]

@@GEOGIRL Success......Fiction? 🥺

[@DAVIDPETERS12C]

Some out-dated info here: 1. The first dinosaur split was between Theropoda and Phytodinosauria with Ornithischia evolving from a last common ancestor shared with basal Sauropoda. We have the transitional taxa. 2. Dinos and crocs share a last common ancestor, making them the only members of Archosauria. There are no dinosauromorphs, a junior synonym. 3. Pterosaurs with their long flight (ring) fingers are lepidosaurs, not archosaurs, which always reduce the ring finger relative to finger three. Basal pterosaurs also have a sternal complex (clavicles + interclavicle + sternum) shared with Cosesaurus and Longisquama, two tiny bipedal lepidosaurs with a long list of pterosaur traits including extradermal membranes as you might expect from flapping, but not flying pre-pterosaurs. 4. Beachcombing pterosaurs had small to tiny hand claws. They were the quadrupeds that left so many tracks. Tree-dwellers had large claws. Keep up your enthusiasm and your videos. More info at ReptileEvolution dot com which is based on a phylogenetic analysis of 2162 taxa. Competing cladograms typically suffer from cherry-picked taxa, excluding pertinent genera and including irrelevant genera with much smaller taxon lists.

[@rs86]

I would've paid more attention in college if you were the lecturer.

[@ASCENDED9]

👽...

[@tsmspace]

dude. chickens are not dinosaurs.

[@GEOGIRL]

Hahaha Yea, they don't look like it but think of it like dogs. Chickens are the chihuahuas of dinosaurs haha! There are of course much larger and more impressive dogs, labs, shepards, huskeys, wolves, but chihuahuas are still technically dogs ;)

[@tsmspace]

@@GEOGIRL yeah but spiders are bugs. and bugs have a taxonomy too meaning that spiders are not. And dinosaurs are ancient giant terrible lizards, and not chickens. chickens are chickens.

[@sardonicspartan9343]

Duh....

[@randomdude2832]

birds should not be called terrible lizards, the pterosaur was closer to reptiles. xp

[@kunalroy9735]

U r beauty attracted me more

[@tsmspace]

hey hey hey.. .why does the word pterosaur have saur at the end of it. (hint, it doesn't have anything to do with the word soar). It's because it's a dinosaur. that's why. those are flying dinosaurs. that's why it's a saur at all. There is no other reason.

[@GEOGIRL]

Hahaha yea, the people that named these weren't in the know yet about the actual taxonomy of dinosaurs and dino ancestors ;)

[@TheReubenShow]

Wow, you got 5k more subscribers since I commented that we could get you a poster or Mars globe. Do you ever watch History with Kayleigh? I find her to be insufferable. Her jokes are terrible, she has a cut after each sentence, and I feel like she is sexualizing herself by appearing buxom in every thumbnail. And her channel is prehistory, not history, so why call it . . . .oh, never mind Your content is better. I wanted to mention it before you had 100,000 subscribers.

[@John-ir2zf]

I have watched some of "history with Kayleigh" and you are 100% correct in how she flaunts herself in her thumbnails. Knowing you are attractive is one thing, using it as an advantageous tool for veiws is another. It draws people there for something other than the knowledge alone. Natural, un-manufactured appeal is the difference between Rachael and Kayleigh in my opinion. And I like geo girls presentation style better as well. It's the genuine smiles and laughs that says she really enjoys a certain topic.

[@aboukirman3508]

SO you hate Kayleigh and her breasts and her history BUT you still subscribe to her channel???

[@GEOGIRL]

I actually hadn't heard of her, but I am very happy you enjoy my content and both of you think I am genuine as well! I am very passionate about these topics and I am so glad it shows ;) I also hope you are right that I will make it to 100,000 someday! ;D Thank you both for the support, I couldn't do it without you!

[@ArawnsFire]

Dear Paleontologists : Either stop blabbing about dinosaurs being birds or Stop putting “ Lizard “ in the names of new discoveries. All you’re doing is contradicting yourselves, and confusing anyone over 40 years of age.

[@into-the-lions-mouth]

There's no contradiction here. Going by modern cladistic ranking birds come under reptiles. That's understandable if you don't know that, but the fault isn't on others

[@matthewbrown8679]

​@@into-the-lions-mouth yes, but "saurus" means lizard. Lizards and dinosaurs are not closely related. Now that we know this, we should stop naming new dinosaurs as lizards.

[@platzhirsch4275]

Well whereas information is generally a good thing some casual statements like "dinosaurs evolved" clearly are too important to let them stand like that as it leaves the wrong impression. Let's check on known facts: Clearly one the most popular fossil animals of all probably are the dinosaurs. There was a paper just one year ago about the origin of dinosaurs in the Triassic. It was published in Nature Communications and here is a quote from this paper: “It’s amazing how clear cut the change from ‘no dinosaurs’ to ‘all dinosaurs’ was.” So far scientists are always content to check for animals similar to a given species and then imply they where ancestors. Similar DNA Sequences are of course not due to similar functionality, no, it's because they are related eventhough similar functionality would have the same result. Buried in Triassic rock, fossils frozen in time have surprised evolutionary scientists by showing that lagerpetids-animals believed to be dinosaur ancestors-were walking with full-fledged dinosaurs “since the first stages of dinosaur evolution. In addition there is no gradual build of from lagerpetids to Dinosaurs- as we would expect. No. Dinosaurs appear suddenly. Dinosaur expert Dr. David Weishampel of Johns Hopkins University stated, “From my reading of the fossil record of dinosaurs, no direct ancestors have been discovered for any dinosaur species. Alas, my list of dinosaurian ancestors is an empty one.” But the lack of evidence for creatures evolving into dinosaurs hasn’t prevented secular paleontologists from claiming that some dinosaurs evolved into other creatures, namely birds, and the technical paper describing their research alludes to this. However, the enormous anatomical differences between birds and reptiles, such as their completely different lung types, make such a proposition extremely problematic, and claims of “feathered dinosaurs” are doubtful, at best, possibly more deliberate deception. They find lizard and crocodile 🐊 like species and just insist these are ancestors of dinosaurs. They publish it in scientific papers and then quote each other, making these deceptive ideas "facts". But for all those that want to stick to the truth I should be stated that Dinosaurs appear very suddenly in the fossil record and we see no gradual development of any species into dinosaurs, hence we see no evolution in the fossil record..... that's the truth. Thank you