GM's Second Generation Voltec Drivetrain Explained (Voltec 2)

[@scottmcgrath9080]

Awesome, finally a real low-level breakdown of how the engine, 2 motors, and wheels interact in the 2nd gen Volt. What an incredible system. I didn't realize it was this complex and it is definitely a little intimidating - but now I know. Thanks for your effort

[@daveriley6310]

Alex, explaining the Voltec Gen 1 or 2 powertrains is a challenging undertaking. For once in my life though, I have to say that this was more than I need to know. Had 2 Prius previously and have had my Gen 1 Volt for a while now, and enjoy getting the most I can out of it. To maximize efficiency, the driver should be able to picture the basics of the operating systems, but not nearly to the degree you've so ably presented. Edit: Six years later (Dec., 2022). Now on my third Volt, a 2017. Still loving Volts. Currently also driving a 2022 Model S, my third Model S and sixth Tesla. People are often surprised that I still love Volts while having had multiple Teslas. The Volt was and is an engineering marvel. I recommend them to people constantly, despite their being out of production for three years.

[@markrothenberg9867]

Very concise, very informative. Thank you for not say “um” or “like” 40 times and thank you for speaking clearly, rapid enough to not waste time but slow enough to understand every word.

[@Crosshead1]

I was going to say that understanding how the Volt works isn't rocket science but now I'm not so sure. Hats off to the GM techs who got this vehicle to work so well. Just wish I could buy the new model in Australia.

[@unnamedny]

There are 2000 volt reviews on youtube, but only one useful one.

[@ramblin_man23]

Roman O actually there are two… Alex’s 28 minute Volt video as well.

[@pjkPA]

Alex... very well presented... one of the best I've seen. .. thanks.I'm going on 4 years of driving my Volt. It's still unbelievable. I'm approaching 1,000mpg lifetime on the Volt.30 gallons to go 30,000 hard city stop and go miles. My wattmeter indicates $23 per month for electric. Getting close to installing a Solar array on my roof which will be more than enough to supply the Volt. I think your presentation is pretty much the best I've seen.One thing I did notice ... pretty small but ... When talking about the Malibu Hybrid you stated it gets a little better MPG.. which will be misconceived but some that it gets better MPG than the Volt.. you should have made it more clear that you were talking about gas mode only... the Malibu will be no where close to the overall MPG of the Volt since most people are driving mostly in all electric mode.

[@ramblin_man23]

Did you set up solar yet?

[@handydanonyoutube3852]

Great explanation of the 5 different modes. I own a 2017 Volt and am impressed beyond description of the daily efficiency. Chevy undershot the mileage on both EV and Gas. I drive 7 days a week 35-45 miles and have 35-40 miles left when I get home. My EV range estimate shows 74 miles when fully charged. I also have driven 3 road trips over 2,000 miles each and averaged 57 MPG on both. I sometimes use "HOLD" mode every 3 months to use up gas before it goes bad, After 22,700 miles I just put 3 gallons every 6 months in the tank. One more thing to mention, I was worried about having to install a Level 2 charger at home, but 2 years later I am still using the Level 1 cord that came with the car and find that it can recharge my daily use overnight, if I drive 65 to 72 miles on EV only, it may not reach full, but it will the next night. A truly amazing technology, although Chevy is stopping production of the Volt, I am glad to hear Chevy will keep using the Voltech power design! Which carries a hint of the original car name!

[@nelson1525]

Just turned 60K with no issues and on regular gas, seems not many mention that. Great car, comfortable, reliable, cheap to keep.

[@richardalexander5758]

Loving my 2017. Better than advertised range and mileage, quick, super quiet, comfortable, and FUN to drive. Regenerative braking is my favorite feature however.

[@RagingDork]

Great video! I always thought the generator never touched the wheels. Now it'll be even harder than before to explain how my car works to others.

[@oldjoec3710]

Thank you, Alex. Even though this post has been around for 18 months, it is still the most informative description of the Gen 2 Voltec operation that I have seen on the net. It has been very valuable to me in designing a demo simulation of the Voltec drive for technical comparison to the Prius HSD. I have only two minor technical quibbles about the details of how the various modes work: CS1 and CS2 often work with the electrical power flowing from MGB to MGA (yes, backwards), depending on engine RPM and car speed. Also, CS2 by its nature almost always operates at less than the max engine power for its RPM, and the resulting loss of engine efficiency usually cancels out the advantage of not having electrical losses.

[@johnwinter9722]

Wow! Great explanation of a very complicated drivetrain. I am late to the game by some standards, but here in 2022 I am looking at used Volts to supplement my big SUV. I am finding nice late model used Volts in the mid-$20s. I can park my Caddy and run the Volt for my personal needs and use the big car for towing and trips. Much lower carbon footprint and great return on my investment in the form of reduced operating costs. And, I already have a level 2 charger in my garage left over from a leased Leaf experiment. Thanks, Alex! You helped us greatly in researching Toyota's hybrids last summer leading to our purchase of a Highlander Hybrid for my wife. Now your work is greatly helping me as well.

[@updlate4756]

Still one of the best plug-in hybrid EVs ever made, and an absolute shame they discontinued it as EVs just started hitting the limelight. I recently started jogging about 1.5 miles around my small neighborhood in Michigan, and in addition my car, I've come across four other Volts. I imagine there are a few more down streets that aren't on my path. While Teslas are picking up steam in Michigan, I still see FAR more Volts around the state. Seriously, if GM had just upgraded the battery chemistry; possibly with something more volumetrically energy dense to save space, and increased the size and aerodynamics of the vehicle a bit more, I think this could have been a huge hit in 2021.

[@ArkDiabLord]

ok, new assignments for the volt team on the gen 3: -flat and increased energy density battery bank, -better material for a higher MPG generator, -more torque and decent size electric motors. -adjustable seat belt housing -extended rear leg room -rear window wiper -perfected the existing look

[@therealcdnuser]

I have had my 2018 for for a year and 30,000 kms and have easily got 105 MPG or 1.8L/100kms. Sometimes going well over a month before filling with $30 of gas. And averaging 2000kms or more per tank. $1 electric fill ups are the best part. Love this car.

[@60viking]

I like the Volt operators manual has tips on how to treat the fuel in the tank so it doesn't get old. Like depending on your driving habits concider not filling your tank. Full is heavy and if you are good about plugging it in, the fuel can get old and stall, nice tip.

[@farisalsaad]

Your explanation of the system is amazing!! Thanks a lot.

[@ruizhernandeztrustfi]

Amazing and detailed explanation. Thanks Alex!

[@crsp76691]

I really like mine. Had it since 2016 and still love it. Only buy fuel 3-6 times per year! Had a few recalls handled by dealer for evap emissions stuff and a leaky oil pan after initial delivery. But all handled!

[@utah133]

A great car! For me, at least. I've had one of each generation now. I drive 95% locally, and it's great to forget about gas prices. The gas engine never runs under my usual driving pattern but I have remote recreational property with few charging stations along the route. That's why I didn't buy a pure electric. I recently bought the newest one I could find... A 2019.

[@brianb-p6586]

The 5ET50 Voltec transaxle of the second-generation Volt is not "entirely different" from the 4ET50 Voltec transaxle of the first generation... it is a development of the same design, adding another planetary gearset and clutches to enable an additional operating mode. Both generations have single-motor and two-motor electric-only ("charge depleting" or "CD") modes, and both have both series and output power-split hybrid ("charge sustaining" or "CS") modes. The second generation adds a fixed-ratio parallel hybrid mode and an input power-split mode. But the description is good, anyway. At the time of this video most posted mode descriptions were difficult to follow, using the odd graphics embedded in this video. Now (in 2024) the Wikipedia page for the Voltec system includes tables clearly describing and illustrating the modes of both generations.

[@laprisetom]

Now that's usefull information! The Volt 2nd Gen is more complicated than I tought. Thx Alex!!!

[@Inviktus94]

Great video and good explanation, but the Voltec gen1 is never in Paralle mode, it is in Torque-split mode.

[@woodrow7201]

Thanks Alex. So in order for the gas motor to couple to the front wheels, one electric motor has to spin the planetary ring at just the right speed to match the road speed.

[@volkhen0]

Thanks for the explanation, it's similar to my Toyota Auris TS HSD, it also has planetary gears (so called power split device). Unfortunately mine is not PHEV and has only 1,2kWh battery

[@calvint3419]

I got the feeling that the added complexity also increase some weaknesses in the power train. Therefore, it may reduce the reliability of the system.

[@kevincorpetti1379]

ICE engines have also increased in complexity with variable valve timing, variable valve lift, fuel delivery systems, tighter tolerances, and all to get maybe a 5% efficiency increase. It does reduce reliability, but through iterations reliability will eventually increase.

[@coureurdebois]

a lot more complex and advanced than the last gen and the Prius for sure.

[@RichardJoashTan]

+justin bouche AND YOU ARE A BULLSHIT!

[@coureurdebois]

Richard Joash Tan : * (

[@electrictroy2010]

+Richard Joash “RJ” Tan YOU POST BULLSHIT ON EVERY COMMENT. Are you actually a Bot instead of a real person? At least come-up with a New insult instead of using the same sentence 1000 times .

[@manoman0]

That's why I went for the Volt. I was, to put it nice, very very very disappointed about the Prius Plug-in. I mean, gobsmackingly disappointed. The Volt, on the other hand, was given to me for an afternoon and didn't make it back onto the dealer lot because I bought it.

[@brianb-p6586]

The Prius has only one hybrid mode (input power-split, similar to the Volt's output power-split), plus electric-only (single motor in non-plug-in, both single motor and two-motor in plug-in). The result is that the Prius transaxle is much simpler, avoiding all of the Volt's clutches.

[@jbarkwith]

Are the planet carriers of the two planetary gear sets permanently tied together? And are they both permanently tied to the drive shafts to the wheels?

[@GrandHuevotes]

Alex what do you use to edit your videos and add graphics? good job

[@sickjohnson]

Alex, thank you for that explanation of the two systems and how they are unique. This is the first time I have ever heard there was a clutch pack in the first gen planetary drive line from the engine to the drive wheels though. Very strange. Would it be safe to assume the Volt will get the Cruze motors in the future; because they are, well more efficient?

[@Sickboyfriend]

Drivetrain does sound very complex. Is this why they have a lower drivetrain warranty for the 2016 volt?

[@JD-yx7be]

didn't gm lower the warranty for every model not to long ago?

[@dylanluhowy]

+Han Chen The Volt has a special warranty covering drivetrain components for 8 years or 100,000 miles.

[@davetorres3758]

Great video and explanation! Can you do a video on how the Ioniq hybrid system works? Thanks.

[@nelsonpun]

So in the first volt, the gas engine was only used to generate electricity to power the electric motor. And in the second volt (voltec 2) there is a full gasoline powertrain that can drive the wheels completely independent from the electric motor? am I getting this right? Does that mean the first Volt doesnt have a transmission as well?

[@nazhif1]

Of all the different hybrid systems, this voltec system is by far the most difficult to comprehend … and from I understand, it’s like a mishmash of a PHEV, Honda I-MMD & Prius hybrid system

[@MegaGeorge1948]

What about power usage by the cabin climate control systems? Will there be enough BTU's for cooling in the hot Summer and heating in the cold Winters by this propulsion setup?

[@kevincorpetti1379]

I have a 2nd gen Volt and the cabin climate control works perfectly. The windows themselves are solar-absorbing and I barely notice any effect in range during hot summer days (unless you simply blast max A/C all the time). During cold winters, range is affected by climate and by the outside temperature (batteries lose efficiency when near or below 0ºC) and the cabin heater does consume more energy than cooling. But the vehicle gives you the option to use the gas engine to heat up the cabin during cold days. Or, if you have your car plugged in, you can pre-heat the cabin and it will use energy from the grid instead of the battery pack.

[@Matt-dx3wo]

I have a Volt and I drive it plenty on gas because I'm not a car commuter so many trips exceed the limited range. However, my overall driving is less than a car commuter's, and this is my only car so I say that's actually a win over the 'never gassers'. These silly comments about 'don't even talk about the gasoline mode MPG, you'll never use it' are way off the mark if you don't design your life around car commuting. Anyway, a full EV makes a lot of sense for me once the supply shortage ends. FYI my gen 1 Volt got 33.5 MPG on an 1100 mile road trip from CA to CO. It can manage close to 38/40 on a roadtrip with lower average speed. Not great, but I'll probably end up between 60 and 70 MPG lifetime average. However, that doesn't factor in the electrical energy consumed. Good thing this car drives and performs vastly better than my Prius ever did. Now that EVs exist that can actually road trip, there is really no need for PHEVs if you're not an unfortunate/deranged car commuter

[@neuzelaar1]

Great job explaining this!

[@CMCNestT]

GM should rename the Volt the Rubegoldberg. I look forward to your review on the Pacifica PHEV.

[@2idolon]

Thank you for a excellent review , very interesting .

[@polizzi82]

This was a really great overview and explanation. Thanks!

[@g_pazzini]

The one thing that is in my concern is about the backseat space.... This car interior space is small...

[@schmo7777]

Gianpaolo Pazzini I test drove. It's not bad. I'm 5 10 and cleared the head liner and leg room is fine. Car seat fits ok with passenger seat comfortable for my height.

[@Solkre82]

I want the Voltec back. I already have a Bolt and want to keep my second car gas-able.

[@JoeyRodz74]

As usual, superb work and research on this, Alex. IMHO, there's no question that the Volt is a hybrid. EVs don't have a gas tank. Being a hybrid is especially true for the Volt that uses its ICE as propulsion. That transmission from hell will be fun to get it repaired when it needs it.

[@VictorYepello]

+JoeyRodz74 You may have missed the point. The Volt can run and does run as a true EV. All battery all the time. Only when the drive battery is deleted after about 60 miles, does is become a hybrid using gas to generate electricity. It's a new classification altogether and doesn't fit into the old definition.

[@tarassu]

At what speed is engine spinning at one specific speed (40 50 60 mph)? I would like to know the ideal cruising speed in gasoline only mode.

[@HalBran]

I'm on mobile and can't find Alex's review of the 2016 Volt, am I the only one? Link anyone?

[@Crosshead1]

+HalBran Me too. All I want to do is watch the full review but the link doesn't work and I can't find it anywhere else from Alex's Home page. What's happening Alex?

[@mikesentra]

Fantastic explanation. Thanks for making this!

[@guyen000]

i am considering possibility to transport volt 2013 to my home country where electrical outlet is 220v 50hz vs. 120v/240v 60h here in United States. Will it work in 220v/50hz? Sources say that devices that came from countries with 60hz outlet is breaking when it is plugged to 50hz. Another source say if unit is operating at DC current, then there wont be any issue at all. Thanks!

[@skatpk9196]

How much does the transmission weigh?

[@Crosshead1]

I've been trying to find your full review of the second gen Volt but can't. The link at the end of this excellent video doesn't work. Can you please help?

[@edshred2000]

Nice review with good details.

[@floris-janvandermeulen8054]

I'm pretty frustrated that this model is not available in Europe (neither as a Chevy nor as a Vauxhall or Opel Ampera).

[@erlc12]

Any feedback on what toeing a 500lb trailer would do to this complex transmission?

[@normt430]

Or two extra 250 lb'ers in the back seat?

[@EvanderSmart]

In Motor Trend's comparison test Monday between the Volt and Prius, the Volt returned much less MPG on average than the EPA estimate. It also did not return 53 miles per EV charge. The Prius overachieved, averaging over 55 MPG

[@cameronmcfadyen7869]

+Bitcoin Video University You realize the Volt can drive pure electric for up to 53 miles right? Meaning that for people that drive less than that (such as myself), they do not burn fuel whatsoever. I've driven 500 km now without using a drop of fuel. Try doing that on a Prius.... wait... you can't.

[@EvanderSmart]

Cameron McFadyen No need to cry. Was talking about its hybrid abilities, which were gone over in this video. And the Volt cannot get 53 miles on an EV in the real world, according to Motor Trend testing. Don't take it personal.

[@cameronmcfadyen7869]

+Bitcoin Video University Nothing personal taken. For me, this is a pure EV vehicle with a range extender. If I use the battery for 48 miles and then drive another 100 miles I get roughly 58 mpg. (Which I've only done once. The rest has been pure electric.) This has been my real world test. Motor Trend may not have been able to get 53 miles in real world testing but I can assure you that I've gotten very close to 53 miles in 30F degree weather (48 miles this morning). I'm betting that when spring comes, I will easily eclipse that 53 miles. The battery suffers a 10-20 percent drop in colder weather.

[@Geckogold]

+Bitcoin Video University I really wish they told us what the temperatures were where they were testing it, and also the speeds they were driving. If they were going 75-80 mph on the freeway, then of course the range in EV and mpg is going to go down, regardless of what vehicle you drive. While I haven't driven the Gen 4 Prius yet, I used to own a Gen 3. The 2014 Chevy Volt I drive now is by far more fun to drive, faster, and a lot quieter on the freeway compared to the Prius. In the summer I was easily hitting 50 miles of EV range in the Volt. In the winter it's drops to 26-28 miles if I use the heater. But if I just put on some more clothing, I can still do my 38 mile round trip commute entirely on EV. OPEC and Big Oil can kiss my gas with all the price manipulation they love to do at the pump. Sure, it's "low" now, but it'll go back up sooner or later, now that they've had a taste of $80+ a barrel, and they'll need it again at some point.

[@EvanderSmart]

Ashelm56 They have a standard test loop, with driving protocols. You can search the MT website for how each mileage test is conducted. They aren't hiding it, and it had to do everything the Toyota did. The Toyota did it slower but more efficiently, with better handling traits.

[@anderacpharmd]

What does the battery degradation look like on a "hybrid" like the Volt? If the battery dies out after 8 years, can the car run on gasoline only?

[@babybirdhome]

They don't really "die" (at least not in the typical lifespan of a car), they just gradually keep losing capacity until their electric range is so low that they're considered "end-of-life", but even then they still hold a fair amount of energy. In something like a standard mid-2000s Toyota Prius, the hybrid battery will eventually lose enough capacity that it can't safely still be used to operate the car after it's been parked for a day or two, and the car will shut it down and error out and you'll have to have it towed in for service. But with a plug-in like a Volt that has 53 miles of electric range from the factory, the length of time you'd have to own and drive the car before the hybrid battery loses too much capacity to still operate the car and start the gas engine would be probably 18-25 years or more. But you'd probably like to replace the battery and get the full range back long before it quit being able to start the engine and run the car. To answer your second question, if/when that battery does eventually fully "die", to the point where it doesn't hold enough charge to start the gas engine, then no, you can't still run the car on gasoline because you can't still start the gas engine. In these plug-in hybrid cars that can drive solely on electricity, the gas engine is started by using the motors that drive the car, not a tiny little starter motor that uses lots of reduction gearing and operates on the 12 volt accessory battery like with conventional cars. In order to start a hybrid engine, you have to have the 12 volt battery to power and run the computers, and then the hybrid battery to run the motors that are used to start the gas engine. If either one of those dies, the car won't start and will need either a jump start or servicing.

[@keithmcdonnell4485]

What driving mode gives the "chuggle" problem, and any idea what Chevy can do to fix it?

[@AAutoBuyersGuide]

+Keith McDonnell It is likely th fixed ratio mode and I suspect that a software flash would fix it.

[@megaroeny]

+Alex on Autos any idea if this is still an issue? I'm very interested in buying one. Isn't the Fixed Ratio mode the most common mode?

[@daves1646]

So if GM chose to use rare earth metals-based magnets in the Bolt drive motors, it’s efficiency could have been better. Possible longer range or smaller battery for same range, and better hybrid efficiency (more efficient electric motors, lighter battery pack/car). Bean counters left some of the victory IN the jaws of defeat ….. GM chose “good enough” and more profit instead of excellence.

[@fer557]

Alex release the Kraken, I'm waiting for this review lol.

[@kevingest5452]

Seems like they overthought this a little. Why not just use the gas engine as strictly a generator like in the i3?

[@gallopingghostofthejavacoa5112]

It’s allegedly more efficient and flexible this way.

[@baker2niner]

How big is the battery in the Volt vs the Prius?

[@electrictroy2010]

+baker2niner 20 times larger (in terms of storage) .

[@baker2niner]

+electrictroy2010 How does that relate to 'battery only' range?

[@DallasAya]

That's Awesome. The only thing missing is a pocket on that shirt and a Chihuahua in it....

[@donniemcfarland-r7b]

GM finally had a good car so they discontinued it! Great job GM !

[@fer557]

Does this mean a volt review is imminent?

[@fer557]

Just watched the vid so clearly it is has haha.

The link to the 2016 volt review is not working

[@AAutoBuyersGuide]

+Abel Bolaños Martínez We had some issues with the video, it will be up soon.

[@laurentcambon]

Make it a bit bigger, 30kw battery and 25000$ price. You have a best seller.

[@thom1218]

I think the idea of the ICE for range extension is nice, until I realized they hooked it up to the wheels directly via an insanely complicated drive train. The serial arrangement of ICE -> generator -> Batt & electric motor (sans all this planetary/clutch B.S.) should be a drive train option - simplicity. Now you're just buying into all kinds of failure modes and problems - two fricken clutches & planetary gear sets? Good luck finding anyone to fix that mess at a reasonable price (or at all in time) One of the nice thing about an EV is that it eliminates the transmission/clutch assembly completely; the drive train is very simple. Back to considering the Model 3 when it comes out - need range extension? Check out youtube vids of Model S owners tossing a generator in the trunk/frunk - run it for a couple hours and get an extra 50 miles if you get into range trouble with the Batt alone.

[@mintheman7]

Lol "run it for couple hours and get an extra 50 miles" Yeah that won't be inconvenient on road trips at all...

[@thom1218]

mintheman7 Famous last words...

[@mintheman7]

thom1218 Famous last words it is inconvenient to wait couple of hours to go 50 miles further on a road trip? Lol, you are not the sharpest tool in the shed, are you?

[@thom1218]

mintheman7 Lol "Yeah that won't be inconvenient on road trips at all..." I'm sure it'd be much more convenient to be stranded on the side of the road somewhere... with no way to get a few extra miles of range. Hey, if you ever go camping with anyone, leave that safety kit at home, because hauling it along with your dumb ass would be so inconvenient - cuz, you know, planning for the unforeseen is for suckers.

[@mintheman7]

This is a video about the Chevy Volt, so the comparison of convenience is with the Volt, which you can just fill up as a regular car on road trips. Get it moron?

[@Naeromusic]

Did you steal Scotty Kilmers glasses?

[@manoman0]

It's an EV and it's a Hybrid.

[@logicalmisery3737]

For this generation, we've removed the yellow plastic bit that shows people where to stick the hood prop. What's the worst that could happen.

[@michaelstaschke9022]

6:40 hahahahaha general motors general motor design

[@ArtStamos]

hard to sell these when gas is $1.39

[@whatthe2458]

Fast forward to 3/21 gas in Chicago is 3.10gal. The dealership near me sold 11 used low mileage ones in two weeks. I got the last one. 2017, 30,000 miles, $14999. 0.0% interest for 6yrs, no $ down

[@angeljimenez2112]

anyone think the Prius is better looking than the Volt? Because when I saw that Prius I was flabbergasted.

[@electrictroy2010]

+Angel Jimenez i was flabbergasted by the Prius front end ugliness (ditto the Mirai). It made me happy to keep my older version that looks normal .

[@Dagreatdudeman]

I read the title as VoRtec.

[@RichardJoashTan]

+Nott Mynaem AND YOU ARE A BULLSHIT!

[@Dagreatdudeman]

Bad Day?

[@curtn7076]

Dang! sounds like they made it more complicated then it needs to be. Have a gas engine generator to help power the batteries when they get low.. only smaller Electric motors connected to each wheel directly!. no transmission or two gas engines. that's just rediculous! that's what drives the price up and maintenance.

[@vincentbroms667]

Didn't get a shit. I'll retry tomorrow, apparently to tired right now ;)

[@electrictroy2010]

ELECTRICITY IS NOT FREE. Prius == $1.90 gasoline for 50 miles. VOLT EV == $2.22 for the same trip (at 13cent/KWh). So the Volt and other plugins are MORE costly to run

[@corystansbury]

Where do you live that you pay that much for electricity? California?

[@RichardJoashTan]

+electrictroy2010 AND YOU ARE A BULLSHIT!

[@RichardJoashTan]

+electrictroy2010 AND YOU ARE A BULLSHIT!

[@gltovar]

+electrictroy2010 One thing to consider, the volt's maintenance is extremely low... basically tire rotations every 7500 miles and an oil change if the oil life is lower than 30% or older than 2 years. the first 'major' service is 45k miles with EV fluid change.

[@dylanluhowy]

The 2016 Volt has 14 kWh useable and takes less than 16 kWh to charge accounting for charging losses, so it's not $2.22. But you're right that the 2016 Prius is currently cheaper to fuel, on average, in the US, with gas prices at their lowest since 2008.

[@BTC909]

Waste of tech on a loser Delta II platform.

[@normt430]

GM sure got it's money worth out of Dll. Laughing all the way to the bank for sure!

[@paulgibson6440]

This Is a clickbait

[@htcooley04]

you can bet these cars wilk be in the junk yards within 15 years looking new but totally junk