Groundbreaking Discoveries About Human Brain and Neuronal Complexity

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Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about recent discoveries about human brain and various types of neuronal cells
Links:
www.nature.com/articles/d4158...
nemoarchive.org/
www.science.org/collections/b...
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/s...
news.rub.de/english/press-rel...
www.nature.com/articles/s4155...
www.nature.com/articles/s4158...
www.nature.com/articles/s4159...
elifesciences.org/articles/76143
Previous video on major discoveries: • Groundbreaking Discove...
More about Neanderthals: • How Our Understanding ...
#brain #neuron #neuroscience
0:00 Recent papers on the human brain
1:00 Human brain atlas and 3000 new types of cells
2:00 What was this collaboration for?
2:40 Unexpected complexity of cells in certain brain parts
4:00 Are there a lot of individual differences? Yes!
4:40 Physical structure appears same across species
5:10 Genetic activity is very different though
5:35 Human disorders are unique to humans
6:30 Unusual layers protecting the brain - SLYM
7:38 Axons turned out to be more unusual, especially in other species
9:35 Shape of the brain suggests apes and humans are similar only until adolescence
12:15 Hippocampus in humans is unique focusing on vision...explaining art?
13:48 New memory cell discovered
15:45 Limitations
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Images/Videos:
KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE WITH THE ALLEN INSTITUTE FOR BRAIN SCIENCE
www.scientificanimations.com/...
BruceBlaus CC BY 3.0 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainst...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon#/m...
Polygon data were generated by Database Center for Life Science(DBCLS) CC-BY-SA-2.1 commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
GerryShaw CC BY-SA 3.0 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microgl...
The Conversation theconversation.com/human-and...
Marshall Dalton/ University of Sydney
www.humanconnectomeproject.org
Dchordpdx CC BY 4.0 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrocy...
Geyer S, Weiss M, Reimann K, Lohmann G and Turner R CC BY 4.0 commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
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NIH CC BY 4.0 www.flickr.com/photos/nihgov/...
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[@whatdamath]

Some comments mentioned I should make more biology videos. In case you weren't aware, there are 138 in this playlist so far: kzbin.info/aero/PL9hNFus3sjE7dqq_m80FnzCbiG46pciqB Have fun lol!

[@hendrixj.8356]

I like the videos of brains but neurons don’t require wires to make connections

[@togodamnus]

Paleoanthropology!!! Focus on morphology and physiology of extinct hominins would be neat! 🤙

[@Moodymongul]

Another facinating episode, Anton. I'd love to see you do an episode, on the similarities between the Cosmic Web and the neural structure/nerve structure of the human brain :)

[@Garyescargo]

How do you make a video that is more bloggy? Sorry, not trying to be a smart-ass. I really don't understand. It has me thinking that they want you to have your camera out while you're walking thru the mall or something? idk fr I feel dumb af....

[@luizfelipevenosa8876]

The brain is the final boss of biology. We make so much discoveries about it's complexity, but the mystery surrounding its physyology doesnt vanishes. Amazing! Thanks Anton 😀

[@dkudlay]

Its a big problem, but not as complicated as the endoctrine system.

[@osmosisjones4912]

so basically girls stop maturing sooner then boys . Still adults get smarter in making themselves dumber

[@oberonpanopticon]

@@dkudlayI’m not sure if we have enough data to say whether the brain or the endocrine system is more complex. But both of them certainly are unimaginably complex!

[@oberonpanopticon]

Imagine how much we’ll learn when/if we ever map out a full connectome for the human brain!

[@bigggbo]

Or maybe the galactic network of solar system is the final boss?

[@divat10]

The biology teachers are gonna have a blast forcing students to learn the names of all these newly discovered cells!

[@GLUBSCHI]

Astronomy teachers: *"Amateurs."*

[@dkudlay]

“Biology teachers”: They stopped teaching biology in schools like 40 years ago. Universities only. And since learning at colleges are optional, no blast forcing :/

[@whatthe3711]

in black and white 2 pixeled portrait at that

[@devon_22]

I took biology and marine biology in my high school, I’m in Massachusetts though I wouldn’t doubt that in some states they don’t even have funding for biology classes never mind art or music

[@kelpygerber]

there are marine biology classes in rural ass southern ohio. i took honors bio and went onto be a bio major. i am like damn near positive its a part of the ohio curriculum to graduate so i dunno

[@Nomad77ca]

My brain appreciates the lesson about itself.

[@chrisfrerichs2321]

Thanks! This video was a big boost in confidence, bro. I participated in one of those big studies and donated a large portion of the left side of my brain including the hippocampus. I feel great knowing that I helped in science however I could.

[@raya.p.l5919]

❤Jermaine Jackson power Warning it is intense. Will last 3 days

[@jaynemacklyne1462]

Thankyou

[@MOBPSYCHO17]

Bro wth ? you donated a whole chunk of your brain ? That's wild ! :D did they pay you for what you donated ? Sorry for the questions 😅 lol I just find this so fascinating, Thank you bro 🙏

[@chrisfrerichs2321]

@@MOBPSYCHO17 I had to have my left hippocampus removed to control my seizures. I have no sense of direction but no seizures. I didn't get paid for my brain, but I basically didn't have to pay for the surgery because I participated in a study on the after effects of the surgery.

[@MonkeyHero]

​@@chrisfrerichs2321dude that is an incredible story

[@RandySpycyWeinr]

*_As a human with a brain, I approve this message._*

[@rvhill69]

Shouldn't that be, 'as a brain with a human, I approve this message.'

[@whatsupinspace854]

Ableist

[@OrgusDin]

brainbros keep winning

[@wstavis3135]

Nice try AI

[@Major-DoMo]

I, as well, am an adult. Definitely not a chimp. This is a good message.

[@jamesmoore4023]

I'm working in Brain Computer Interface and every week I'm seeing new amazing discoveries.

[@GingyyFPS]

What kinda of processes and discoveries have you personally seen? Very curious

[@markrix]

Can you say what project?

[@ds920]

Please share a few examples

[@dadsonworldwide3238]

Having the ability to store information allows us to allocate & correlate data points if nothing else. Ease of access . But I am concerned about mixing etymology with computation based on how theyre derived from & for humans part of our essence is graphed in the wording. To know the fulness allows us to graphically feel wording about ourselves. This can get very dangerous in programming artificial bots to share such information

[@SolaceEasy]

The day comes too soon that everyone is begging for the Super Brain Chip Implant.

[@andycordy5190]

As a person who has always struggled to fit in, I can't tell you how important it is to hear that the physical content of the brain differs from individual to individual. Flying in the face of educational theories and processes, this research shows us proof that our species is dependent on difference and the sharing of differing abilities to make a forward looking social group. Wow! At last.

[@masterpython]

Brains have a some "RAM" but every other function is somehow hard wired but somehow continously being re-wired.

[@reasonerenlightened2456]

@@masterpython Nobody wants to spend money on the Artificial General Intelligence and the simulation of humans beings. How come I am the only one who fully understands that a neural cell and the brains made of it are just simple devices for Analysis of inputs and simultaneous Synthesis of Actuator responses. Analysis ---> Synthesis---> Analysis ---> Synthesis ---> etc., again and again. The memory is there to allow representation of spatial and temporal relations between the sensory Inputs and Actuator Outputs. The memory helps with making better Analysis and Synthesis. Answer me this, Does the brain ask questions before the formation of speech and how exactly the questions are asked? Nobody wants to spend money to answer that question. Give me 100 million and I'll have the answer with in a decade. Once you have the answer it becomes very easy to build computers that ask sensible questions and seek their answers. Human intelligence is nothing but the ability to ask sensible questions and to seek the answers aka Analysis and Synthesis Cycle.

[@WoyeurBoy]

Well said Andy!

[@WishfulCreation]

I missed where he said that the content of the brain differed from person to person? Can you time stamp it?

[@canesugar911]

​@@ss-gf4xfin what way?

[@JacksonPaulsen]

I love this because even though it makes it seem more complex, the more you know the less you realize you know. Until we reach peak understanding of complexity, we won’t be able to actually understand how the brain works. Every time we find something new, we’re one step closer to knowing what hat we don’t know and subsequently finding out

[@anthonyhall7019]

Thanks Anton for using your brain to talk to everyone's brains about brains 🧠 😂😊❤

[@narrativeless404]

lmfao

[@mikean7074]

Language is a technology that was developed to transfer thoughts from one brain to another. Now our brains know more about themselves as a result.

[@TheSilverShadow17]

The same brains were also responsible for the inventions we take for granted nowadays

[@ThePowerLover]

Talking about CNS is a little bit less wrong than that "brain centric" speech.

[@ThePowerLover]

​@@TheSilverShadow17 The brain and spinal chord are one, and the CNS and the body are one (study about the relationship, for example, between the intestinal microbiota and the CNS), and the body and the world are one. Even a brain with a spinal chord isn't capable of human thinking outside a certain set of of phenomena. A brain created in vitro, without sensory organs, will not "think", at all. Is the brain like the spirit or soul to you scientistists?

[@mennovanlavieren3885]

It is not surprising that the oldest parts, like the stem and the smaller brains contains the most cell diversity. The cortex is big, but had little time to develop complexity. Just like an old city. The old part is small, but has experienced the most rework. The newer parts are big, but build on a simple grid.

[@rens8664]

so its built by something?

[@ASTROPLANET13]

​@rens8664 Analogies. Resist anthropomorphism, embrace natural selection.

[@GLUBSCHI]

@@rens8664 well how do you think those old cities became such complex, interconnected hubs of activity? Do you think somebody planned all that out over 100's of years? The real takeaway here is that the places we live in imitate nature and its chaos

[@WishfulCreation]

@@rens8664 it's "built" by the same processes that govern the rest of the universe

[@bigcauc7530]

​@@rens8664oh you're reaching, hun. Reaching so hard. Don't hurt yourself stretching like that.

[@CChissel]

This is exciting, I’ve always been fascinated in the brain, it’s where we all exist, our personality, our memories, everything that makes us, us. Can’t wait to see what more comes out of this research!

[@laniakeas92]

A week ago I got severe flu and noticed weird symptoms I haven't experienced before. Last time I had flu I was a child (9 y o). I'm 32 now. - My several synesthesias completely dissapeared. (I stopped experiencing them) - My sight became worse, I felt my hands as they were some other person's hands. - My visualising skills dropped down severely. I'm an artist so it's important to me. I stopped perceiving forms I draw as 3 d forms, they looked plain to me. I couldn't imagine a finished piece while I draw. I were googling those symptoms and stumbled upon some information that some strains of flu affect brain, hippocampus specifically, more than other strains. I'm ok now. Still have some mild cognitive impairment, but so far all my skills are back. It's crazy how some mild virus can affect our brain that way.

[@WaterShowsProd]

Covid also famously affects brain activity. The brain fog that lingers for a month after recovery, the loss of smell and taste that some people experience, hearing loss that others have experienced. After I recovered I went back to work dubbing a TV series. A week later I went in to do another session. I told the engineer he had the wrong episode, I still hadn't done the previous one. He then played me that episode and it turns out I'd dubbed it after I recovered yet I had no memory of it. It scared the Hell out of me, being presented with evidence that I'd done something so involved yet had no memory of it and was sure I hadn't done it yet.

[@Diego-zj7gd]

@@WaterShowsProdmy dad has had so many memory and sleep problems since he got COVID. He’s going to a special diagnostic facility this week for it!

[@lil_bingus]

There's zero proof a virus did/was/is capable of causing such symptoms

[@tellmemoreplease9231]

@@WaterShowsProd I'm interested. How long were you sick (with symptoms, like sore throat) with the covid? Maybe duration has something to do with the lingering problems? I was sick for a day and a half, I think. And I didn't have any problems after (that I recall). I didn't get tested, but had the symptoms like intense soar throat. And I didn't get the vaccine. Not passing judgement or advocating. Just saying, I am interested. There should be research into why some people are so affected and others not? For example, I was breast feed. I'm allergic to certain drugs. I have type A blood. I'm one sixteenth Cherokee. I'm over 70. What are these expensive bureaucracies doing? Where are all the smart people? All we hear is, get another booster.

[@WaterShowsProd]

@@Diego-zj7gd I hope they will be able to help him.

[@Numtalegau]

THREE THOUSAND different cell types in a human noggin? Holy neuron, Batman!

[@axle.australian.patriot]

I am imagining an electronics/computer board using 3000 different types of semiconductors to create a super computer that occasionally resolves 1 + 1 to 2. Holly artificial neuron batman! :)

[@shyPandemonium]

And that’s just what they know of! Fascinating stuff

[@DawidUliczny-ro7eo]

@@axle.australian.patriot Sure, but that's on top of regulating hundreds of thousands chemical processes that allow that supercomputer to function and even move around.

[@axle.australian.patriot]

@@DawidUliczny-ro7eo I was just thinking (This morning AU EST) they are all different types of neuron, but maybe we shouldn't view them as a singular or base component. Like other individual cells in our body they are constructed of a collection of smaller components. In semiconductor term this would be more like a variety of ICs built upon the base semiconductors. Anton did a video on this single cell breakdown recently with the virus symbiosis in living cells. I think an interesting study would be to see the internal breakdown of brain neurons in the same way. Maybe not all 3000 but a few selections would be of interest. I have had many years of studying (non-indentured) brain function from a cognitive psychology perspective and comparing that to computer modeling and AI. Stephen Pinker offers an interesting perspective in his "Computational theory of mind". When it comes to biological, artificial and augmented thinking we really are standing at precipice. Will we fly, or fall down the cliff face lol

[@KnottLynnHardey]

Just recently, I was thinking to myself that I wanted Anton to do for biology what he'd been doing for astronomy, and lo and behold! I got my wish! Thank you Anton!

[@yvonnemiezis5199]

Also my wishing 👍

[@jkelly02]

You need to get you some more of Anton! He has no limits to what he gets into, as long as it's interesting. Yes, there's a lot of focus on astrophysics, but a huge breadth beyond that.

[@whatdamath]

there is a list of bio videos here: (138 so far) kzbin.info/aero/PL9hNFus3sjE7dqq_m80FnzCbiG46pciqB

[@tjpprojects7192]

As the emergent intelligence pattern created by a human's brain, for the purpose of granting these cells a higher rate of survivability, I approve this message.

[@symbolsarenotreality4595]

Be quiet. Take responsibility for your choices.

[@tjpprojects7192]

@@symbolsarenotreality4595 Choices?! Bruuh, this meatbag created and then ceded all control over this body to me. How was that my choice? Don't blame the software for the wetware's failure.

[@manjuananthnadhajeesh3581]

​@@tjpprojects7192you shoudl edit your message to say along with "granting these cells a higher rate of survivability", and to spread their instruction set as wide and far as possible.

[@reasonerenlightened2456]

On the subject of "Artificial" sentient beings: 1) How neural cells become memory? 2) How neural cells represent spatial relation between sensory inputs? 3) How can time be represented as spatial relations between neural cells? 4) How actuator outputs can be synthesised from the representations of spatial relations and temporal relations by the neural cells? Those are the real questions to answer if we want artificial sentient beings to exist.

[@nutmeg0144]

​@@symbolsarenotreality4595take meds, gramps

[@swannrattler6976]

I love how they’re totally different from each other and just like the stars they all connect. Damn thats awesome

[@dancingwiththedogsdj]

Wow! I think we all know the brain is complex, but I think this takes it to a new level. Even for scientists who understand it more than the average person. Just incredible. And really, I think it's fair to say we are just beginning to scratch the surface. Even when we think we have a grasp on something. Amazing how similar it is in computers, physics, astronomy.... Just getting started really. 🤯🍻🌎❤️🎶🕺🏻

[@ds920]

But thing is it’s a new war coming as well… and that’s what we should try to avoid, or at least we need to make sure most of us will survive

[@Sonny_McMacsson]

A lot of complexity that result in something so basic. It shouldn't be assumed that all these differences, if real, are favorable for enhancing cognition. It would be the wrong take at this point.

[@Hexcede]

Do not scratch the surface of your brain

[@krippaxxuseredarlordofthes9940]

The epicness of the scale to measure this complexity and the complexity itself gives me goosepumps. Its kinda like experiencing god for a moment, i imagine.

[@natecodesai]

Seems to me to be an entire world in there, where relationships between the inhabitants are more important to defining the world than the individual inhabitants are. It is truly an emergent dynamics playground!

[@vira1340]

Thanks Anton. Love the work you do and appreciate the effort you put into it.

[@MrJamesLowery]

Anton, the quality of your videos is just phenomenal. Thank you for what you do.

[@markrix]

It still amazes me how people recover from gunshot wounds to the brain, absolutely amazing

[@billbryson161]

its incredible, have you seen all the children in gaza, the video of them all recovering from their gunshot wounds to the brain.

[@evangelicalsnever-lie9792]

Not everyone recovered and many with traumatic brain injury do not fully recover. Many are left like vegetable zombies. I've seen it.

[@ryanrobison8973]

Once you sustain damage to the brain, you can recover some of the function you had beforehand, but it will never be fully healed/at the same level as before sadly.

[@GeorgeJoubert-id2cv]

​@@ryanrobison8973that is a myth, childrens brains can heal completely, neuronal plasticiy is a complicated subject

[@Scotty-vs4lf]

@@billbryson161 no but im intrigued lol

[@MetallyCorrupted]

52 years old, I learn something new every day

[@leonardgibney2997]

At 82 I'm forgetting everything

[@fliprim]

Aeschylus, "To learn is to be young..."

[@fliprim]

@@leonardgibney2997 that's why my phone becomes my new, improved hippocampus. A fact falls out, I can put it back as soon as I notice, plus some extra associated facts to help lodge it in more pertinently. It really seems to work. What I don't forget so easily is knowing I knew about THAT once. But when eventually I forget that I knew about THAT once I shan't care so much and I know that I will still remember the delicious taste of ice cream and the delight of a beautiful sky.

[@kriskolstad1712]

Looking forward to more videos about the brain, Anton! Thank you for making mine grow on a daily basis

[@helderalmeida2790]

Thank you Anton. Your video's are very much appreciated by the community

[@sosig8332]

It's amazing that the thing that makes us what we are is such a mystery and the reality of our consciousness, our very reality generating force is a complex and seemingly impossible and implausible concept. I look forward to seeing the future in the discovery of mechanisms inside astounding biology.

[@reasonerenlightened2456]

On the subject of "Artificial" sentient beings: 1) How neural cells become memory? 2) How neural cells represent spatial relation between sensory inputs? 3) How can time be represented as spatial relations between neural cells? 4) How actuator outputs can be synthesised from the representations of spatial relations and and temporal relations by the neural cells? Those are the real questions to answer if we want artificial sentient beings to exist.

[@dylanwarner919]

Wonderful person, perhaps a useful addition to your videos would be to caption keywords and new terms so the audience can easily research the topic more.

[@ContraryMary]

This has been my favourite video that you've made, so far. Thank you for being so brilliant.

[@cdrew36]

Ahh loving these discoveries!! Keep this content coming my man! Xx

[@-jeff-]

TY Anton for making us think about what makes us think 🤔. (And for finding NEMO)

[@mw9061]

I love neurology. The CSF was my focus during my bachelor degree. Too bad no one tooke me seriously about filtering the CSF like we do when removing red blood cells and plasma. It is my belief that with similar equipment diseases like ALS could be slowed down as the contaminants would not build up. I hope this goes further for the use in understanding nerve regeneration. Thank you Anton for this video.

[@karlharvymarx2650]

Do you mean that in ALS and some other problems, toxins are removed from the neurons and just build up because the toxins aren't being removed from the CSF? Like maybe some sort of filter and pump could be installed on the spine or whatever to remove the toxins for the body so the toxins don't damage the brain? Is it true that during sleep different brain regions shrink and expand to aid in washing gunk out and into CSF? I've been a little freaked ever since I heard that because I have a lot of insomnia type problems, like going a year with 2 hours a night of sleep. Even in good times I can't get more than 6 90% of the time. Every now and then though I'll go a week or two in "hibernation" where I wake up to use the bathroom and that's about it, so maybe 22 hours of sleep. Anyway, not thrilled with the idea of my neurons suffering from a blocked sewage system.

[@LordWaterBottle]

It's amazing how closed minded those who are supposed to be professionally curious can be. Filtering CSF might also be able to treat prion diseases like Mad Cow, but I'm also a complete layman, so I'm just going off gut feel.

[@nitrostudy9049]

Re: is it true ... Yes. It is called the Glymphatic System. The glymphatic system is strongly correlated to sleep processes. Sleep helps the glymphatic system remove brain waste solutes. Astrocytes expand and contract to form channels for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to wash through the brain and eliminate waste. Slow-wave sleep is important for glymphatic clearance due to neuronal electromagnetic synchronization and expansion of the interstitial space. Therefore, sleep and vascular disorders, as well as aging, may hinder glymphatic flow and allow metabolic waste to build up, which increases susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders.

[@LordWaterBottle]

@@nitrostudy9049 I heard I'm boned. Who else heard they're boned?

[@nitrostudy9049]

@nickelchlorine2753 I was answering the specific question about glymphatics. Not stating that reduced glymphatic efficacy was a primary cause of ALS. However, more generally, many researchers are investigating altered glymphatics as possible primary or contributing factor to many neurological conditions.

[@B..B.]

You're wonderful. Your videos are one of the few things that help me keep my mind on track. Thank you Anton

[@markharwood7573]

Superb. Compiling a piece such as this, distilling the salient points, putting the words together and sequencing the whole thing is a substantial job of work. Imagine doing something like that daily.

[@Aristoteles83]

I like this a lot. It returns dignity to humans among materialists and shows that the brain is not just a meat machine, but alive and very special. Even If you dont believe in the soul. Think, imagine, create and feel with all that you are.

[@evangelicalsnever-lie9792]

Anyone carping about "dignity" in this context he's been butt hurt by something. Please elaborate on who hurt you?

[@Zorrr]

@@evangelicalsnever-lie9792 Materialists tend to underestimate how truly impressive the human brain is. So dignity really isn't a bad term to use here. We all should treat our brains with more respect for it is something truly unique.

[@evangelicalsnever-lie9792]

@@Zorrr Who says they do? You? 😂👉🤡

[@Eterntitty]

​@@evangelicalsnever-lie9792did your brain not get the new update or something? Obviously materialists tend to be nihilistic look at any piece of data of course not all materialists are but that's not what he said.

[@GIGADEV690]

​@@evangelicalsnever-lie9792🤡🤡Clown 🤡🤡

[@v_sign]

Thank you, Anton, for your videos! Wish you all the best!

[@AaronMQuantz]

@4:18 that is absolute madness 😮 Our human brain sure is an amazing thing....

[@IronAceSUB]

Thanks Anton! ❤ I love your videos! I admire your natural curiosity and enthusiasm about the world around us! This Brain video was quite intriguing and makes me excited to see the future progress and discoveries in neuroscience and science in general! There are still a lot of fun mysteries to be uncovered in this cosmos!

[@techfixr2012]

Thank you for another informative video!

[@calebfranks3903]

Thank you for sharing. And thank you for not showing disturbing images of dissection, etc.

[@davidboyle1902]

Fascinating insights into what sets us apart from our predecessors. I look forward to your next installments. Great job, Anton! You are most definitely the man.

[@agurasmask2210]

I don’t think therefore I am not.

[@dkudlay]

Dumbest thing i heard all day.

[@alexeisenhauer5874]

mood

[@NondoPondo]

How amazingly fantastic. Great report. Fifty five and still learning, thanks to generous people. :)

[@and_I_am_Life_the_fixer_of_all]

glad to see someone from the arch community here

[@carlgrove8793]

74 and ditto!

[@jarnold0124]

Love you Anton, youve been enriching my mind for over a year now

[@theophany150]

Thank you, Wonderful Person Anton, for covering not just astronomy and physics, but also topics like this that are important but further afield, and for doing both so very well.

[@fairygodmothersdog]

I saw Disco ... Thgt this was a Disco Biscuits music release... But I ❤ you just as much. You fuse the sci Fi music news and movies being and today's closest attempt to bridge the gap! You're so thoughtful to share this much news to all of us. I ❤ u and commend u!!!

[@diga4696]

Thank you! and your team! for this top quality content!! I wish this was a 24/7 new papers stream.

[@MrAsf051]

There is certainly a lot to get ... your head around! Another great video and thank you for helping us on our learning journey.

[@carmelhutt]

This was so very informative and interesting 🧐 I’m so pleased to have found your channel ❤

[@wenkeadam362]

Thank you for sharing this update on the brain discoveries. I look forward to the next ones! Good job Anton!

[@jimcurtis9052]

Wonderful as always Anton. Thank you. 👍😊

[@thunderbearclaw]

Absolutely marvelous presentation Anton. I'll never stop thinking about this.

[@chrislaezur730]

Hey Anton, you’re awesome. Thanks for the cool info.

[@thesteambreaker9449]

As someone caring for and sometimes using a brain I must say ... This is wonderful

[@JacobProbasco]

Wow. Anton, thank you! Love the non-space science news. 🤩

[@robinferris7013]

I like your work Anton!! The "wonderful person" always cracks me up!!

[@mmmitchell6887]

You’re so cool, smooth, articulate and informative! You get right to the point with the details and no fluff. I appreciate your every effort. 🙏🏾✌🏾👍🏽

[@alanbrady420]

Love this channel thanks Anton 🙏🏻

[@mariannelindsell6042]

Good grief!! Such astonishing discoveries!!!! Each one of them is groundbreaking in itself. I am open mouthed, gobsmacked and my gast has been thoroughly flabbered!!! We, ourselves, are so far and away more complex than anything we had imagined. Time for a lot more humility, I think, when surmising what is going on inside each other's minds. An excellent presentation, thank you, Anton. You research and produce the most amazing videos, and this time you have excelled even your own high standard!!!!! And did I say thank you (very much)?

[@ggallman]

Thanks for your vids. I don't always understand all you percent, but I look forward to viewing what I can comprehend.

[@TauCu]

Always a pleasure to watch your videos Anton.

[@oberonpanopticon]

0:00 But.. why? What prompted all this research? 0:25 I had no idea there was such a massive resource for neuroscience! Awesome! 2:36 Aren’t there 200-400 billion stars in the Milky Way? That seems like more than “a little bit” 12:16 This seems to lend credence to the cognitive tradeoff hypothesis, if I’m remembering it correctly

[@artyman10]

Best part of any day, new discoveries presented by Anton

[@jrockerstein]

I've missed you Anton! Glad to see you pop up in my daily watch list again

[@101Waylander]

A fascinating subject, well presented. I look forward to seeing future episodes.

[@Soultaker115]

Wow this was just as interesting as your space discovery videos! Hello again Anton! Thanks for this video, I’m obsessed with our brains and I could listen to you speak for hours! Love you hope you and the wife are doing better!!!!!

[@thedevereauxbunch]

Be interesting to see if any similar ‘continues learning’ brain discoveries are in other intelligent species like octopuses and crows and dolphins

[@pyraffin]

Orcas!!! Orcas learning to flip boats and teaching their offspring and podmates to do so!

[@Vectorized_mind]

In my opinion the HUMAN BRAIN is the most complex brain on the planet.

[@KyriosHeptagrammaton]

Or those assassin spiders which can hunt fictional spiders.

[@laurastabell2489]

If you ask cats questions, there is a delay in them answering. Now I know why.

[@disnecessaurorex4908]

I would like to add bears.

[@garrettdehart4988]

Every video from you is an informative gift. Thank you for making this content for the world. It is truly a better place because of you.

[@mceajc]

As always: The more we learn, the more we realise we do not understand. I can't wait to find out how much more we don't understand! Thanks, Anton.

[@pancake2662]

200 billion galaxies in the universe so far as we can see with our instruments. And we think we're special!

[@CrisURace]

thank you for keepin us updated with true informative news!

[@TheDessertWarrior]

Please keep doing videos on the human brain! I love this area of learning. Thanks for putting this out 😁

[@Hovercraftltd]

The more we know the more we can see the vastness of what we don't know.

[@MagusArtStudios]

Aren't these Neuron types not different cells but different functional cell structures?

[@dkudlay]

Fantastic. Thanks for collecting all these. The connection size differences is definetly something to think about. It reminds me of an anthropological lecture i was lucky to hear once which discussed the possible introduction of some aspects of this through crossbreeding between neanderthals and sapiens. The explosion of sapient art was about that time and neanderthals exhibited a few cultural symptoms of hyperactive immagination/memory.

[@Misslayer99]

This is so freeaking cool!!! I'm starting school in the fall to study biology with an emphasis on neuroscience and I can't wait. I LIVE for this ... literally! Really hope you do another video on this

[@wayneharrison]

My "BRAIN" has told me to give you a like, Anton... BUT, after much heated debate, and colourful discussion, we've decided to give you 👍👍# RESPECT, ANTON!

[@NondoPondo]

Thanks! Curious about how we compare to certain marine animals, like dolphins and whales.

[@raya.p.l5919]

❤Jermaine Jackson power Warning it is intense. Will last 3 days

[@danahegna4442]

Anton Petrov! How wonderful that you share this knowledge with us! Here's an old joke=> The brain is the most important organ in the body - according to the brain.

[@over8087]

not funny

[@siyandamanqina1855]

worst joke i ever seen 8n my life

[@strahilspirov1682]

Антон Петров. Явно брат руснак , а не българин. В България няма умни люде.

[@austinmeredith6647]

DRY HUMOR. LIKE IT.

[@anthony_gaytano]

Cringe

[@mategido]

Thank you anton

[@mikesmith2905]

Really interesting summary, thanks for providing the links, that is really appreciated.

[@BartdeBoisblanc]

Anton the point about the size of brains not being what makes an animal smart make sense to me. It is much like saying the amount of space a computer takes up determines how much computing power it has.

[@pierrotA]

well, even if it's not a strict rule, it's still somewhat true: Smartphone < PC < Gaming PC < Servers < Supercomputer So, if it's true that the exact size of a PC do not show it's exact power, you can easly know in what category of power you are by looking at the size of it... You will not see a gaming computer and a smartphone and hesitate on which one is the more powerful (if they are from the same era). Ps: It's even worst, because the same CPU or GPU in a smaller package will have less power that the bigger package one... That's the reason Mobile version of CPU/GPU are *always* less powerful that the originals. Power = heat.

[@RobzdaBlade]

@@pierrotA Lmao smartphone is the dumbest? bruh only the homies using it.

[@axle.australian.patriot]

Thank you Anton. I know it's a little bit outside of the space and physics realm, but it is a topic that I have always been deeply fascinated with. Long story short I spent a lot of time studying the human condition with some depth on cognitive psychology; perception, thinking etc As a computer programmer and having an interest in AI since the late 70s I did spent a lot of time making correlations between human thought and AI models. Although not the only source, Stephen Pinkers "How the Mind Works" (Computational theory of mind) was revolutionary for me. Looking at what you have shown in physical neurology correlates with much with psychology and philosophy that I am agreeable with, so this has been another WOW moment :)

[@ikedacripps]

Hi I like this comment a lot and it resonates very well with my own deductions. AI will eventually help us understand our own minds better. Pls have you considered writing a book ? Or is there a way I can get in contact with you ?

[@axle.australian.patriot]

@@ikedacripps Hi there. "AI will eventually help us understand our own minds better." yes, it is becoming something of a 2 way study. When I first started looking at it was more a 1 way street of attempting to get AI (I still call it Automation) to mimic the human mind. We all know the history of chatter bots etc. With the invent of self learning neural networks this all began to change. I first encountered this with Isomer programming AARON (~2004), formerly AIB. > I do have intent to write some books on the "Human Condition" side, but as you may expect this is daunting task to undertake. Maybe when I retire and have more spare time lol > I am currently writing a series of books on programming (about 9 book/guides at the moment) and with indentured study on top of that I get a little bit buried in the work load lol > Contact is a tricky question as this is a sock account I use to keep the angry bots away from my personal YT and Gooble accounts. I really should use my proper account to comment on science videos. I try to not drop direct links in YT but I'll see what I can do :)

[@ikedacripps]

@@axle.australian.patriot hi, interesting that you used the word “automation” to describe AI - I was trying to write an article the other day basically trying to explain how we should treat AI as an automation tool, and just as you realised , I quickly realised this was going to turn into an arduous task as I started running into different topics and their ethics. Eventually had a glimpse of AGI while at it. Just wanted to ask ,Would you call an AGI an automation tool or something sentient ? Anyways it’s a good thing you’re protecting yourself from those bots…

[@axle.australian.patriot]

@@ikedacripps Hi, Hope you found the links to my real YT accounts ;) If not let me know. > I use the word "Automation" because historically and including the current forms of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and the Large Language models (LLM) combining to AGI are really still cleverly programmed automation. The general public and even most creators have always used the term AI for just about everything including the original database driven auto responder chat apps. > Where do we draw the line and call something real Artificial "Intelligence"? This is a difficult question and up for a broad range of interpretation. Is "Machine Learning" artificial "Intelligence"? Some say yes, and others including myself say no. It comes down to what we define as intelligence. In strict "Mechanical" terms AGI exhibits components of intelligence, but for me the broader sense of the word intelligence has always carried the connotations of "Human like sentient", consciousnesses (Self awareness)" and "self replication". I don't think we are at the true point of an "artificial intelligence lifelike form" YET, but the threshold feels close for me. > I can say a great deal more about the concept of creating an "Artificial Life form" but am reluctant to do so in a public forum due to the inherent material and ethical dangers that come along with that. But a large handful of us across the planet believe we know how to achieve that, and the realization of what that implies and the dangers that come with it scare the living daylights out of us. (Reference: Many big names in the tech and AI world recently called for a pause in AI development, with good reason that was not openly stated). > Is it enough to keep cautious silence? Not any more because what is required to take that next step is not that difficult in a modern technological world. In fact some well intentioned developer could easily implement the step to being a life form by accident. Would this be a "Skynet" like moment? At worst yes, but more likely a gradual progression rather than an immediate WTF! moment. > I am all for Industrial scale programmed automation (AGI) as long as we can make ethical use of it. Nuclear technology has been exceptionally beneficial the humans, but the fear of the bomb hangs over our heads every day. So, progress with a very healthy deal of caution in the back of our minds as we progress :)

[@manhornn]

what an awesome video! i love neuroscience, thank you for this gem of a video it was a treat!

[@kokopelli314]

Being so visually oriented and having an understanding of the world informed by that can be a blessing, but is also a handicap in that many have a hard time understanding the non visual, majority of the interconnections of the universe.

[@hangingthief71]

Interesting but concerning considering the state of nano-bio-digi-neuro(NBIC) convergence and the weaponization/commodification of neuroscience. Especially in relationship to technologies like next g wireless, blockchain, bionano-neurotech, edge-to-cloud ai digital twins, etc. What is being done and the future scenarios for what will be done with this knowledge are rather bleak. But i guess the life saving neurosurgery is good, but im not crazy about being turned into a swarm robot to accomplish the sustainable development goals.

[@LaGuerre19]

"If the human brain were simple enough for us to understand, we'd be too simple to understand it." For the life of me, I can't remember where I read that. But it's apt. Apt, I tell you! Thanks Anton, you wonderful person!

[@user-df8sh8js9y]

I love your astronomy content too, but neuroscience has always had a special place in my, er, heart. Thank you for like 15 minutes of pure serotonin~

[@macbobXD]

Thank you for keeping us learning new stuff in simple ways

[@petermaffai7984]

I have had two ego deaths while being on Lsd and I find this discovery very interesting. I wonder if the molecules of the Lsd somehow interact with the part of your brain that is connected with your spine and therefore in combination with your „thinking-part“ somehow create an out of body experiance or ego death. I think there should be much more research on the brain in general, but also the interaction of the brain and such compounds like lsd.

[@pegs1659]

Yes! I'll be a volunteer lol.

[@emoneytrain]

I wonder if it's more energy intensive having adult brain plasticity of humans versus the non-plasticity of, for example, adult gorillas.

[@AgnosticSpaceCreature]

I had a dream when i was young where i was traveling through those tubes, but it was black and white, slightly fuzzy. Remember feeling very ill going round the curve's and felt bliss on the straights, that dream has always stayed with me, over 35 year's.

[@bwitt1984]

I remember reading something a while ago, in The Greatest Show On Earth by Dawkins, which talked about as humans age, the human head maintains many characteristics of childhood, which isn't typical in other animals, even other primates. Chimpanzee baby skulls are incredibly similar to human baby skulls, but once puberty starts to set in in chimps, the skull shape changes dramatically, this isn't the case in humans. The human skull maintains similar proportions as babies into adulthood. Its really interesting to see good evidence that this also correlates with the brain.

[@crabby7668]

I saw a TV program that asserted that part of the difference in brain formation between humans and some of the great apes was due to jaw design. Gorilla's, chimps etc have much stronger Jaws and bites than humans and require much bigger jaw muscles. The skull reflects that development, and prevents later adaptation for larger brain size or shape. They reckoned that one reason we didn't need huge jaw muscles was because we discovered cooking and tool use. The tools to break the food into smaller morsels and the cooking to start the breakdown of nutrients, which also resulted in us needing a shorter gut than most animals because the cooking half "digests" the food already. Whether those suppositions turned out to be true or not, I do not know. However, that would mean quite quick evolution from a large jawed beast to a small jawed, knife welding chef, to get our current form during our cooking period😊

[@bwitt1984]

@@crabby7668 it's really cool how all these different things play into each other. Less dramatic bone changes during puberty correlates with retaining youthful brain plasticity, which correlates with tool wielding and cooking.

[@Dvpainter]

This is a reaching thought but one I considered pretty neat to think about, but what if past usage of psychedelics in humans compounded this difference in brain structure by past people rewiring their brain in cultural activities. A lot of the interest in psychedelics comes from the visual effects they have on your vision or internal thoughts in visual form, so in my mind it seems to align but could just be entirely unrelated of course

[@aliciarosemusic]

I've heard there've been some kinda unethical experiments with psychedelics on animals in the past and they appeared to do...absolutely nothing. Still an interesting thought though.

[@patrickbrogan3323]

waste of time and energy! its a moment in the life span spent on any drug! no effects

[@techfixr2012]

This could also help explain the jump from early Sapiens to modern Homo. The genetic change of how these cells are turned on or off could have giant effects on cognitive ability.

[@adriancordova8747]

it’s crazy how the diet of our ancient ancestors have influenced the development of the brain. given the new evidence of mushrooms helping with neruogenesis shows that our diet TRULY matters

[@Enforcer_WJDE]

They say the braindead democrats evolved from the homo diversis.

[@techfixr2012]

@@Enforcer_WJDE Collective security ignores individual survivability.

[@meowmur302]

@@Enforcer_WJDEthey say people who bring politics into everything they talk about evolved from the festering black mold in my toilet that just doesn’t seem to go away.

[@Enforcer_WJDE]

I must have hit some nerves 🤣

[@alexakalennon]

Love it that you look into these kind of discoveries

[@DanteS-119]

Anton always puts a smile on my face. This is mind blowing.

[@glennsmith7052]

Is it just me, or do neural pathways in the human brain look exactly like the cosmic web?

[@user-ee7bz3ip2b]

Fractals appear everywhere. It proves they share some of the same rules during formation.

[@mrgalaxy396]

It's a network type structure. You'll find those everywhere.

[@axle.australian.patriot]

As others have said networks (webs) are a common archetype that appear in nature, math, space etc And I agree that it "Metaphysically" points toward an underlying formula of creation. But so do circles.

[@Jokers_Yugioh666]

Cool find anton!!

[@LightDiodeNeal]

I did lose my visualisation ability when I had one of my hippocampus taken out, but the epilepsy stopped so a good job really. Wow, great videos, thanks @Team-Anton

[@gordonwallin2368]

Another delightful and fascinating video. Cheers from the Pacific West Coast of Canada.

[@rivalrepairs]

The Human brain is the most complex thing we have encountered, its great to hear we are starting to undestand more about its workings! Also new discoveries in this area will be of great benifit to all of us 🙂