History of the Sumerian Language

History of the Sumerian Language, Sumerian civilization, Proto-Sumerian, Archaic Sumerian, Classical Sumerian, Neo-Sumerian, Post-Sumerian, Cuneiform
Music:
Echoes of Time - Kevin MacLeod
Το τραγούδι Echoes of Time του καλλιτέχνη Kevin MacLeod έχει άδεια με βάση το εξής: Creative Commons Attribution (creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
Πηγή: incompetech.com/music/royalty-...
Καλλιτέχνης: incompetech.com/

[@lucasjames7524]

It's a small detail, but I absolutely love how you showed the coastline gradually advancing as the combined river delta of the Tigris & Euphrates Rivers built itself out. Excellent attention to detail, and amazing how this language interfaced with the physical change of the Earth like that. 💛

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@Qualityfun-relaxationLla-ud7pm]

Bruh cant find any information on that can somebody link me a wikipedia article or something 😂

[@Livin_Fossil]

@@Qualityfun-relaxationLla-ud7pm I found this article : Re-modeling Political Economy in Early 3rd Millennium BC Mesopotamia: Patterns of Socio-Economic Organization in Archaic Ur (Tell al-Muqayyar, Iraq)’ which has drawings that show the coastline in the 3rd millennium bc.

[@Livin_Fossil]

@@Qualityfun-relaxationLla-ud7pm An article that gives a better and broader picture is : Environmental Change : The evolution of Mesopotamia (Andrew Sherratt)

[@baltulielkungsgunarsmiezis9714]

Do wish he had erased the modern dams on the rivers tho.

[@devinsmith4790]

Ubiad period: 0:04 Uruk period: 0:34 Jemdet Nasr period: 1:28 Early Dynastic period: 1:40 Akkadian period: 2:13 Gutian period: 2:25 Ur III period: 2:27 Isin-Larsa period: 2:33 Old Babylonian Empire: 2:46 Kassite period: 2:58 Middle Babylonian period: 3:25 Neo-Assyrian Empire: 3:50 Neo-Babylonian Empire: 3:56 Achaemenid Empire: 4:01 Macedonian Empire: 4:14 Seleucid Empire: 4:15 Parthian Empire: 4:30

[@amiwho3464]

Nice!

[@servantofsusa]

What about the elamite rule of Babylon and sumer after the thrid dynasty of ur and shutruk nahuntes rule of Babylon

[@hoangkimviet8545]

It is wonderful to know more about the language of the first civilization.

[@31user31]

I'm a simple person, I see a new Costas Melas video, I click on like button.

[@Fummy007]

Sumerian lives on in loanwords into the Semitic languages. Even one or two into English, like the word "cane" (as in sugar cane) and its derivatives "canal" and "channel"

[@CostasMelas]

Very interesting. Indeed the word channel/canal has traveled through Sumerian, Akkadian, Greek, Latin, French and finally English

[@bvillafuerte765]

@@CostasMelasAnd the Spanish.

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

@@CostasMelas interestingly, "cane", "canal", "channel" are all spread across the world now as even languages in asia have borrowed these words

[@janosapponyi4072]

MAG-yar=ENKI! Szemita=sENKI! 😂mindENKI! Úr,Uruk,Kuta (Kutya),Eridu, Nipur,Lugas,Kis...🇭🇺😁!!!

[@megalodonfilms5148]

Crazy to me the some people were still writing in Cuneiform at the time of Jesus.

[@hamzehshashaa2659]

Exactly same thought!

[@charlesdugay--leyoudec8712]

Great work!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@georgiopasca2720]

You are the most accurate mapper costas, appreciate your work

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you very much

[@duduchannel6729]

So shortly before the roman conquest of Mesopotamia there were still some sumerian speakers? Thats incredible

[@Nastya_07]

It was more of a liturgical language by that point, Sumerian went out of vernacular use by about 1700 BC

[@emil3f]

Bronze age shitpost upcoming!!

[@jakubpociecha8819]

Truly an iltam zumra rashubti ilatim moment

[@Hannibal-Barca]

Truly an ud rea **vine boom** moment

[@ShahanshahShahin]

​@@jakubpociecha8819 That's the Old Babylonian (Early Amorite) dialect of the Akkadian language

[@jakubpociecha8819]

@@ShahanshahShahin Truly an *UUUD REEEEEEEEEEEEAAA, UUUD SUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUURA REEEEEEEEAAA* moment

[@jakubpociecha8819]

@@leonciocabralmassaroni222 Wholesome reddit moment

[@andremuller9385]

Nice! It would also have been informative to see the various stages of cuneiform here. Their look changed quite a bit during that time.

[@cheriankalayil2362]

I put it on 2x speed just for the music Excellent video, Costas!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@cheriankalayil2362]

@@CostasMelas you're welcome

[@someinteresting]

I always have thought that Sumerian in its latest form had spread much more to the North. I guess it rather stayed around its original place. Do you think of doing a video titled languages of Mesopotamia, that combines this and other excellent videos in one?

[@CostasMelas]

Yes, I would love to

[@IsmailAlqirmi]

​@@CostasMelas There is already a video about Middle Eastern languages ​​and African languages, this area is clearly visible on the map

[@parthgautam2382]

Excellent and helpful in my studies

[@Matthew_080]

Thank you for this amazing video. You even showed the changing coastline!

[@CostasMelas]

You're welcome :)

[@deathlydashi]

It also had speakers from the ahsa region and oman

[@iroquoianmapper]

Amazing work!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@marcobelli6856]

Best mapping channel on KZbin

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@jakr9303]

GREAT video, just great. Even has real atmosphere, in addition to the educational element.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@user-mv7xi1ey4z]

Make history of all languages of Middle East

[@CostasMelas]

Yes, I would love to

[@amandado6519]

They did a video on the history of the Semitic languages.

[@user-mv7xi1ey4z]

@@amandado6519 I mean all languages in one region like languages of Europe, languages of East Asia

[@leonardo_fratila]

Awesome video, I didn't know sumerians lasted this long and I would love to learn more about the ancient Middle Eastern langueges beacause it is such an complex and important area and I don't know a lot about it and also about pre indo european central Asia. Keep up with the good work🫡👍👍❤❤❤

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@atykovlolreal]

Good to know!

[@anthonyn.7379]

The steady flow of Sumerian downstream

[@josieschultz4241]

these always tickle my brain just right. my neurons are locked in

[@bvillafuerte765]

Good video.

[@Gallusek]

Do u'll make video about Zagros people languages :P ???????

[@qpdb840]

You forgot to add this video to the playlist of history of languages

[@CostasMelas]

Oh yes. I'll add it right away

[@mikloscsuvar6097]

The "same" language for 4600 years! And still spoken by the time of Nero.

[@Geoguy678]

Very nice!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@iandewilde9287]

Can you make a tree (rather than a map) of writing systems and that shows how they spread and how they are related to one another?

[@iandewilde9287]

Doesnt look like anyone has done that yet! Thanks!!

[@bluemym1nd]

So, a Latin could have conversed with a Sumerian?

[@Fummy007]

Kinda. You notice after 1700 BC its called "Post-Sumerian". according to wikipedia "The term 'Post-Sumerian' is meant to refer to the time when the language was already extinct and preserved by Mesopotamians only as a liturgical and classical language for religious, artistic and scholarly purposes."

[@stsk1061]

​@@Fummy007So the language is thought to have gone extinct with the Babylonian empire? That's interesting.

[@Alexkiszl]

In Fact: Cuneiform is the First Writing Script in History

[@qpdb840]

Very good can you do one on the Elamite language please thank you very much

[@servantofsusa]

The Sumerian regin of terror ended in 2004 bce the third dynasty of ur fell to the elamites in luristan the simashki dynasty kindatu imprisoned and jailed ibi sin for the rest of his life you can read lament for ur to understand taht better

[@qpdb840]

@@servantofsusa they are not from Luristan they are from the province of Ilam in Iran that place was named after them

[@servantofsusa]

@@qpdb840 they are from khuzestan the town of susa but the simashki dynasty was from luristan the kahidalo city

[@servantofsusa]

@@qpdb840 province of ilam has been named ilam for less than 120 years ago it was called لرستان پشت کوه means luristan before zagros mountains

[@servantofsusa]

@@qpdb840 ilam was part of the elamite empire as well the madakto city was located in ilam but their main capital was in city of susa anshan ayapir awan arjan adamdan in khuzestan

[@andrefarfan4372]

Nice

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@micahistory]

nice language

[@diegoragot655]

How present were the Sumerians in today's Kuwait?? And (although not Sumerian per sé) ¿Babylon-Sealand's culture and influence participated in the territory of modern day's Kuwait???

[@commanderjnm2008]

Cool! :O But why such scary music for Sumerian Language?

[@yassineanassine7905]

I think it's music with a mysterious nature and not a scary one

[@commanderjnm2008]

@@yassineanassine7905 ok, because for some silly reason, I keep thinking of very eerie zombie-apocalypse movies when I hear this music. It must be just me then.... I still like it though, but it's very eerie for some reason. The Sumerian undead are coming... :O :D :D :D

[@extraditori6604]

What about so called "banana-languages" of pre-sumerian period?

[@Nastya_07]

That is only a hypothesis, not entirely proven yet.

[@christurner6330]

iltam zumra rashupti ilatim

[@c2rt0nm2st1r]

Sumerians - Nation of Chaldea

[@doridore1234]

"On October 9th, 4454 BCE..."

[@Ahmet-tj6hi]

Please make a video of the exploration map of the world according to Islam

[@user-rq6ge4nx5s]

👍👍👍

[@adrianfdz1144]

Ureeeaaa

[@Livin_Fossil]

Sumerian wasn’t widely spoken by the early 2nd millennium BC, the colours you use are misleading, giving the false impression that Sumerian was still widely spoken by the population of southern Mesopotamia even into the 12th century BC.

[@yazovgaming]

It depends if the sources are confirmed.

[@Great_Petra]

Thus, the last Sumerians melted among the Arabs when they migrated from the desert of Iraq and the end of the oldest civilization in history.

[@yazovgaming]

They were already gone before the Arabs.

[@yasber7000]

Can you please 🙏 Japonic languages

[@Gallusek]

There is a video on KZbin

[@Tokyo2905]

There is a joke promoted by the populists, according to which the Sumerian language was a Kurdish language.😂😂😂

[@salazar778]

actually it was Russian

[@Nastya_07]

I've seen almost everyone in Eurasia claim the Sumerian language lmao

[@PunishedKrab]

The Sumerians when the Winterians walk in:

[@bocilepep3684]

where the source come from

[@Livin_Fossil]

I have seriously no idea, the coastline changes are mostly inaccurate and Sumerian mostly died off in the early 2nd millennium bc and was only kept as a language spoken by a small elite minority. He shows it as a language still widely spoken by the late 2nd millennium bc.

[@PLUTONIUM1228]

근데 불과 만년전만 해도 페르시아만 전체가 육지였다는게 믿기지가 않음

[@prn_97_]

strange how we know little to nothing about this language

[@ZachRULES96]

Can you do Afro asiatic next?

[@clouds-rb9xt]

akkadian?

[@CostasMelas]

See the video about the Semitic Languages

[@sidarxv62]

Nice video 👍🏽

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@kilianloganellis298]

Promo-SM

[@arbenkurhaski3193]

Sumerian language is explained and deshiphred by only geg Albanian , in the past and now. It derives from geg Albanian !!!!

[@Nastya_07]

Gheg Albanian didn't even exist at the time Sumerian was spoken, the earliest date for the split of Proto-Albanian is at around 600 AD, while Sumerian went fully extinct by 100 AD.

[@arbenkurhaski3193]

@@Nastya_07 you are not uptodate. 33 of best American language scientists declared that geg Albanian is minimum for 6000 years without any pause spoken . So it is after then the oldest in the world. The university of Leipzig says it is unstoppable spoken for 8300 years. The say minimum not absolutely . But even they are wrong !!! It from beginning of mankind !!! These statements are made 2023.

[@Nastya_07]

@@arbenkurhaski3193 6000 years ago is the age of Proto-Indo-European lmao

[@tiago27272]

not true, i still speak it

[@huynhphat369]

My Tamil friend says that his native language has hundreds of inexplicable lexical and structural similarities with Sumerian. If what he says is true then the Sumerians were probably closely related to the Elamo-Dravidian family. In fact, perhaps there really is no such thing as an "isolated language". All languages are related if we go far enough into the past. Thinking logically, the flat and fertile location where Sumerian language existed would have made it extremely difficult to create a language unrelated to anyone around.

[@youssefhaydar2049]

The Sumerians traded with the Tamil ancestors of the Indus Valley Civilization

[@rainbowstalin594]

Your 'tamil friend' huh lol. Ok pajeet.

[@Desfighter1]

Sumerian and Elamite are isolate language and there is no thing called elamo-dravidian family So many Hindu nationalists coming up with wild non sense claims 😂😂😂

[@donnie27brasco]

Why would the Tamils leave their very fertile vast lands in southern India to move to a limited agricultural area in the middle of the desert that has always been the cause of many violent conflicts? There is no logic here. As for the similarity in lexical content, it may be due to misreadings, pronunciation, especially since no one knows with certainty and exactly how Sumerian words were pronounced, and the reliance is only on pages of the few surviving Akkadian dictionaries. It is worth mentioning that the mystery of the Sumerian civilization tempted many to try to hijack it, the most important of whom were Indian nationalists, Tamils, Kurdish nationalists, and even some Europeans. This makes a person wonder: Don’t these people have enough civilizations? Or do they not feel that their civilizations are real and truly enriched humanity?. Most importantly: What is the goal of hijacking the Sumerian civilization?, will it be another “We were there 10 thousand years ago and we have the right to return” sort of project?. Let the Iraqi people live in peace, they have suffered enough. We do not want another Zionist project.

[@DanksterPaws]

@@rainbowstalin594I’m from the Philippines and I’m friends with two tamils, not even from here, one from Singapore and the other from Melbourne. Tamils are so dispersed it shouldn’t be surprising.

[@servantofsusa]

The Sumerian regin of terror ended in 2004 bce the third dynasty of ur fell to the elamites in luristan the simashki dynasty kindatu imprisoned and jailed ibi sin for the rest of his life you can read lament for ur to understand taht better

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

I bet Kuwaitis aren't pure Arabs but mix descendants of Sumerians who preceeded the Arabs who became Kuwaiti from miscegenation.

[@dude926]

Much of modern day Kuwait was under water back in ancient times actually

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

@@dude926 depends how far back one is willing to go

[@dude926]

@@noahtylerpritchett2682 from 4.500bc to 1000bc i guess

[@noahtylerpritchett2682]

@@dude926 ok

[@Meanthes]

@@dude926 No it wasn’t under water, only southern Iraq was

[@decombatnfl3639]

🇭🇺

[@salazar778]

?

[@decombatnfl3639]

@@salazar778 Hungarian language is in large part sumerian

[@salazar778]

@@decombatnfl3639 for real? goddamn

[@decombatnfl3639]

@@salazar778 Yep. Let’s take an example. “Everyone” in hungarian is “Mindenki”. Enki is a Sumer God who created humans to his own image, so at the end of the day everyone is “Enki”. “Mind” means “All/every”, that’s how the word Mindenki was made.

[@decombatnfl3639]

In mirror translation it would be “all-enki” meaning everyone is Enki

[@user-ir4xr4kx7s]

Чуваши - шумеры.(Академик Марр Н.Я)

[@IsmailAlqirmi]

Бред

[@IsmailAlqirmi]

Чуваши метисы древних тюрков и финно-угров

[@user-ir4xr4kx7s]

@@IsmailAlqirmi Чего? Чуваши вообще Переднеазиатский народ.Ничего общего не имеют ни с тюрками,ни с финно-уграми.

[@TheBobVova]

@@user-ir4xr4kx7s Таблеточки не забываем

[@Kolchak67922]

Точного происхождения шумеров не известно, но предлагается, что они были индоевропейцами, говорящего на отдельном ветви индоевропейского языка. А чуваши у нас - это отуреченные финно-угоры, у которых язык - смесь тюркского и финно-угорского.

[@user-wo2ky2cr8j]

🗿🇮🇶

[@Kolchak67922]

Iraq?

[@user-wo2ky2cr8j]

​@@Kolchak67922the sumerian language originated in iraq

[@Kolchak67922]

@@user-wo2ky2cr8j Well, it’s true that the Sumerian language originated on the territory of Iraq, but Iraq itself did not exist at that time.

[@user-wo2ky2cr8j]

@Kolchak67922 well neither did egypt exist when the Egyptian civilization started.

[@Kolchak67922]

​@@user-wo2ky2cr8jWell, the completely different situation is that Iraq as a state appeared as a result of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, and Egypt appeared as a result of the unification of upper and lower Egypt into a single state.

[@ibrahimk8271]

ataturk read history book which writed by a french historian that claims sumerians could be anchestor of kurdish people. so he decided sumerians were turkish because kurds are iranizied turanid race who called as mountain turks. so he lead to create sun language theory. this theory claims sumerians are central asians turks and sumerians are origin of civizilation so modern turks are not member of "low yellow race". as creater of civizilation, turks have to be respected by other nations. today some kemalist racists still defend this theory without knowing it's builded on kurdishness of sumerian people. it is funny. my source is muazzed ilmiye çığ she is one of sumerian researcher who sended to europe for research and learn sumerian language. about kurds-sumerian theory i guess it is builded on both language have similar grammar. bot language are split-ergavative and gender system even kurdish have some trace of animacy gender system which like was sumerian's gender system. kurdish is only language in this region have those kind of features so some people said kurds are descendant of sumerians.

[@Tokyo2905]

Complete nonsense. Fritz Hommel found 350 words in common between the Turkish and Sumerian languages, before the birth of Ataturk. The Sumerian language is an Agglutinative language, and thus it is from the Turanian language family, and not from the Indo-Iranian language family, which is considered one of the languages, Inflectional language family. I know very well that the Kurdish populists have an inferiority complex to Ataturk. We always find Kurdish chauvinists who hate Ataturk because he destroyed their dreams of establishing a state on land that did not belong to their ancestors displaced from Iran. Those who were displaced by Ismail Al-Safavi from Iran to Anatolia, and the Ottomans were forced to receive them in Armenia and Assyria, and camps were established for them next to the cities of the Armenians and Assyrians.

[@ibrahimk8271]

@@Tokyo2905 "turanian language family "😜simply you're lying. hommel's note is Zweihundert sumeru-türkische Wort Vergleichungen als Grundlage. it's 200 words even it's not book i didn't find at internet it's just notes maybe he tried to connect turkish and sumerian but failed. and i didn't found any proper source that say hommel was supporter of "turanian language family" even in turkish wikipedia says he is but english wikipedia have not include that kind of information. and turkish wiki's reference is the notes itself :D yes sumerian agglutinative language but here the answe "As for the morphology. Yes Sumerian is agglutinative like turkic and yes Sumerian has vowel harmony, like turkic. But they are of a very different nature. Both Sumerian and Turkic are SOV languages. However this is where the similarities end. They are very superficial. Turkic languages are mostly suffixing languages. Sumerian on the other hand has an almost exclusively prefixing verbal morphology. That is pretty rare, other such cases are the yeniseian language and rGyalrong. Turkic vowel harmony differentiates roundedness and backness of vowels. Sumerian on the other hand differentiates height. The turkic sort of harmony is rather common and also found in Uralic languages. The sumerian model on the other hand is only also found in Chukcho-Kamchadal languages. So yeah to conclude this. The answer to your question is, that it is unknowable, but most evidence is against it. The similarities that exist are either superficial or by chance." show me any proof shah ismail displaced kurds from the iran to anatolia. opposite of this, safavids forced immigrate kurds from anatolia to turkmeni border because of securing border. there are tons of source kurds were living in region before turks come. for example in karamanname say karamanid turkmens captured sivas from hacıemir kurd but rum sultan give it back and order to these turkmens capturing karaman because it is cristian crusader's land and after success they settled there as subject of rum. neshri says bayazid 1(1389-1402) captured divrigi from kurds another city near of sivas . youre state supported azarbaijan to recapture karabagh from armenia nowadays and your former state expelled and genocided armenians 100 years ago and now you shed tears for your beloved armenians because kurds "captured" their land 1000 years ago :D what a hypocrasy.

[@Nastya_07]

@@Tokyo2905 Just because a language is agglutinative it doesn't mean it is genetically related to Turkic. For example, the Austronesian, Salishan, Eskimo-Aleut, Dravidian, and more language families include agglutinative languages. Anyways, as of current scholarship, Sumerian is considered a language isolate.

[@lwy21272]

Lol😂

[@majidbineshgar7156]

One thing pan-kurdists learned from pan turkists is fabricating fantasy genealogy .

[@_utahraptor]

Sumerian's descendant Magyar is still spoken in Hungary today. This is true history. Every Magyar knows Sumeria is their past

[@Wandrative]

Magyar is more CentralAsia-Mongolia origin

[@DeVolksrepubliek]

This is not true at all 💀

[@ciba20]

Are you stupid?

[@christurner6330]

(assuming this post is not satirical) as a hungarian, we have NOTHING to do with the sumerians.

[@christurner6330]

@@Wandrative *uralic

[@servantofsusa]

The Sumerian regin of terror ended in 2004 bce the third dynasty of ur fell to the elamites in luristan the simashki dynasty kindatu imprisoned and jailed ibi sin for the rest of his life you can read lament for ur to understand taht better