Languages of Anatolia

[@lukasbrucas3027]

Fascinating how Anatolia went from such a diverse place to being dominated by Greeks and a few centuries later by Turks. Thank you for the video!

[@CostasMelas]

You're welcome :)

[@TheBobVova]

Is Gobekle-Tepe considered as Anatolia or Mesopotamia?

[@blueshirt26]

Just like the Iberian peninsula, which used to have several paleo-hispanic, celtic, germanic and semitic languages before all of them being replaced by Latin dialects with the exception of Basque.

[@Progressive2024]

Turks hate diversity. Just look at what they did in arstakh. The Azeris invaded Armenian land and did ethnic cleansing. This happened. Last month. The Turks did it to the Armenians and Greeks in World War I Now the Turks want to invade Armenia proper for a corridor with Azerbaijan. #FUTurkey

[@Diegosarmii]

​@@blueshirt26 Germanic languages before the arrival of Romans?

[@societymoment2135]

This format in smaller regions is amazing. Would love to see a history of languages in Iberia

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@iroquoianmapper]

Great work! Kalašma language which belonged to the Anatolian was discovered only this year and it’s amazing!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you very much

[@turxanazimzade3917]

on which period armenian turned to be an independent language ? i mean from proto -armenian to armenian.do you have any resource for that?@@CostasMelas

[@darthvader3934]

Probably our ancestors used to talk all of these languages, I say this as a Turkish. I believe that we are mix of native Anatolians and Turkics

[@vehbisabanc7843]

Bu kesin. Ama içimizdeki türk islamcilara anlatamazsin

[@КристинаАйрапетян-р9л]

Родственники?! Да ну, нет нет нет

[@shoxmurodtaxirov6918]

​@@КристинаАйрапетян-р9лда но с вами точно нет.

[@КристинаАйрапетян-р9л]

@@shoxmurodtaxirov6918 мечтать не вредно, огланчик. Все мы братья и сестры. Почитай Коран

[@claromale]

Restore youre anatolian ancestor indoeuropean languages

[@sean668]

Excellent job snowing the Orontes watershed Hellenize in the 3rd century BCE. Seleucid settlement programs are critically overlooked imo

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@jaykaufman9782]

Thank you so much! Your channel is one of the staples of KZbin and justify that platform's very existence.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you very much

[@ElHeraldoHispano]

This is impressive, as usual! Thanks for making these videos! By the way, I am not sure if you heard about it, but a new Indo-European language has been discovered very recently: the Kalašma language! Experts classify it as a Luwic language inside the Anatolian branch, but considering the location in which it was first attested, I am afraid that it may be a relative of the Palaic language! Or maybe the Kaskians didn't wipe out the population of Pala after all and Palaic language evolved into Kalašma language... 🤔 Who knows, perhaps we are about to solve the mystery of what actually happened to Pala...

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you very much. The discovery is very recent and it is still unknown if it is connected to any of the known languages

[@turkcukayi]

Pala people lived in my area. They are thought to be a mixture of Hittites and Phrygians.

[@ElHeraldoHispano]

@@turkcukayi I'm not sure about the ethnic root of the population of Pala, nor if they were descendants of Phrygians and Anatolian peoples. I think that ethnic background fits more the Mysians, which are thought to be a mixture of Phrygians and Lydians. What I do know is that Pala people spoke their own distinct Anatolian language, different from Hittite.

[@turkcukayi]

@@ElHeraldoHispano The Paphlagonians, a post-Pala tribe, were a branch of the Phrygians. It is certain that the Pala tribe is an Indo-European tribe.

[@ElHeraldoHispano]

@@turkcukayi Indeed, the population of Pala was Indo-European. Palaic was an Indo-European language belonging to the Anatolian branch. But Phrygians were not Anatolian speakers. Their language, Phrygian, belonged to the Paleo-Balkan branch of Indo-European languages. Plus, we can't be sure if Paphlagonian language was actually Phrygian. Maybe it was the descendant of Palaic, as I mention in my comment, but I may be wrong.

[@flyingfoamtv2169]

much more accurate then your earlier history of turkic languages video. i hope you do one like this with iran.

[@bluemym1nd]

2:50 il never fail to find it wild how some Celts settled and made a language in Anatolia. Those are the Galatians for you

[@CostasMelas]

They invaded Macedonia and Thrace from the Balkans and Central Europe. After the repulse of them by Antigonus Gonatas they settled in Asia Minor where they clashed with the Seleucids and eventually settled in a part of Phrygia later known as Galatia.

[@JcDizon]

Yeah and there is even a book from the Bible named after them but I guess most people who read the Bible has no idea that the Galatians were Celtic people.

[@GAMER123GAMING]

@@CostasMelas The Celts also settled in Tylis in thrace

[@ГригорийЕвгеньев-д9ч]

В свое время они подмяли почти всю Европу. Если бы были созданы политические нации, то кроме кельтских народов с британских островов и Бретани во Франции, на континенте могли существовать и поныне кельтских государства. Не сложилось...

[@romayi_seviyorum.117]

And I am an Anatolian Oghuz Turk with Celtic(Galatian) heritage from my mother's side of my family.

[@yiannis_l]

Amazing. Great video!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@facoulac]

Splendid video! I was hoping so much for an Anatolia-focused video!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@КристинаАйрапетян-р9л]

​@@CostasMelasнеужели только в деревне Вакыфлы разговаривают на армянском?! Как же остальные армяне?!

[@lintrigant3382]

Such an excellent work, as always. Just a very little remark : I think « mediterranean substrate » is specifically a north-eastern one. But each of your work is a pleasure to watch - even such a tragic one like this. Keep on please !

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you very much

[@Matthew_080]

I didn't expect it but really wanted to see that topic. Thank you for your work!

[@CostasMelas]

You're welcome :)

[@trygvek]

Wow, I didn’t know Greek was so prevalent in inland Anatolia, I thought it dominated mostly along the coast. Great work!

[@georgios_5342]

During Roman times the locals were usually bilingual in Greek and their regional languages. And in Byzantine times, they only spoke Greek, from the 5th century to the 11th there was a largely contiguous monolingual Greek Christian Anatolia

[@00fgytduydrtu]

I am 1/8 Cappadocian Greek from Nigdi

[@musfikinsan3423]

​@@00fgytduydrtuNot Niğdi.İt's Niğde.

[@Jakub777J]

Funnily, Anatolia was more Greek than present day Greece, which was heavily overrun by Slavs

[@Michael_the_Drunkard]

​@@Jakub777Juntil Nikephoros I's resettlement.

[@EduNauta95]

Super cool video, although I would have liked to see the different language groups such as indoeuropeans etc color coded to grasp a bit easier what is going on

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@daimyo672]

Hello costas, great video but there are a few mistakes. I am from Trabzon and my village and about 40 villages throughout Trabzon speak Greek (Pontic Greek). Each village has a population of 500. If you want, I can give you a link to the maps. You can color those areas blue

[@CostasMelas]

Yes, I know about a population of remaining Greeks from Pontus, but unfortunately they are not recorded by the Turkish state and their number is undetermined. If you want, give me a list of Greek-speaking villages

[@daimyo672]

(nişanyan yer adları index)This is a Turkish source. By clicking on the villages on this map, you can see the Greek-speaking villages. In Turkish, it says "rum dilli müslüman", that is, Greek-speaking Muslim.

[@daimyo672]

Trabzon,Tonya 5 Village iskenderli,Turalı,Sayraç,Kozluca,Yakçukur Hayrat 2 village Yarlı ,Yırca. Çaykara 25 Village Akdoğan,Arpaözü,Aşağıkumlu,Baltacı,Çambaşı,çamlıbel, derindere,Eğridere,kabataş karaçam,kayran,koldere,köknar,köseli, maraşlı,soğanlı şahinkaya,şekersu,taşkıran,taşlıgedik,taşören,ulucami, Uzungöl,yaylaönü,yeşilalan,yukarıkumlu,

[@daimyo672]

Trabzon,Maçka,18 village Yüzüncüyıl,Yemişli,Yazlık,taşalan,Sukenarı,örnekalan,Ortaköy,köprüyanı,kozağaç,konaklar,kiremitli,kırıntaş,Ergin, çayırlar,atasu,armağan,arıkaya,alataş. KÖPRÜBAŞI 7 village Beşköy,konuklu ,yılmazlar,küçükdoğanlı,asmalı,emirgan. DERNEKPAZARI 9 Village Akköse,çalısanlar,çayırbaşı,gülen günebakan,kondu küçükkalas,ormancık,taşcılar,yenice.

[@daimyo672]

hope it was useful for you. I am sending the link of the site with the map, but it is not visible (Nisanyan map index). I got this information from there. The majority of these villages speak Greek. The population is between 20.00 and 25.00.

[@احمدالمطلق-ع7خ]

You are truly amazing and your channel is beautiful and unique

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you very much

[@vıdıbıdı]

Why does some regions of Gaziantep are marked with disputed color between Kurds and Turks, and even some regions of it being Kurdish-speaking majority? Almost all of the population of Gaziantep are Turks expect Nizip province where mostly Kurds reside.

[@srd895]

2023 map is very wrong. He thinks ethnicity = language and adds a lot of blue and green dots in all over Anatolia but it is very wrong and like Gaziantep a lot of place with %90 Turkish population and %99 Turkish speaking he adds disputed color which is also very wrong.

[@hiiamfrog]

⁠@@srd895it doesn’t change their ethnic bro. they’re kurds. they speak kurdish and turkish. both.

[@srd895]

In Gaziantep? No. Gaziantep is %90 Turkish. And you cant found anyone speaks Greek because of population change in 1930 (i dont remember date truly). Turks in Greece was moved to Turkey and Greeks in Turkey moved to Greece that is why you cant find any citys or villages that speaks Greeks and this video adds a lot of blue dots and that is very false. Some places like north of the Konya has Kurdish population and can found Kurdish speakers but another places are false or really small minorities. And i say ethnicity and language is diffrent things because of asimillation. They are small minorities they live with 70 million Turkish peoples of course they will asimilate and use Turkish languages. My fathers grandmother side was Turks that exiled from crete but they speaked greek and now even my father just know 2-3 words and i dont know any word. This is same in Germany too. Now Turks that born in Germany doesnt even know Turkish because they are living in country that doesnt speak Turkish. And this guy thought some ethnically Kurdish minorities are still speaking Kurdish or some small Greeks still speaking Greek. @@hiiamfrog​

[@hiiamfrog]

@@srd895 the reason kurds speak turkish is they banned kurdish in the country back in the day. no teaching kurdish no listening to kurdish no talking kurdish. nowadays most of them already forgot their language so they speak turkish or turkish mixed with kurdish. so that’s how they learned turkish they’re forced to learn it.

[@srd895]

Speaking, listenin, talking Kurdish isnt forbidden just state schools dont teach Kurdish language, you dont even know what is forbidden what is not. And most of them arent forgot their language. And you are talking about south-eastern anatolian Kurds (still you are wrong) but i said "your map is wrong" because of another places like blue dots in Bursa or Sinop. Only wrong thing in south eastern parts is western parts of the south eastern Anatolia like Gaziantep. @@hiiamfrog

[@Uneducatedopinion57]

Excellent work friend ! Kudos to all the hard work needed to make such an informative video !!!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@felixmiles4909]

Hat off, man.

[@CostasMelas]

👍🏻

[@nadirhikmetkuleli]

Historically Gaziantep has no native Kurdish population. All Kurdish residents of Gaziantep are recent immigrants/settlers from eastern provinces. Gaziantep was a 90% Turkish city. Actually, the river Euphrates is a natural border between Turkish and Kurdish speakers and none of Kurds residing in the west of the river are native. Kurdish presence in inner Anatolia, around Ankara and Konya date back to 1800s

[@misiniovdoze]

so what exactly is the criteria for being native? everyone agrees that turks are settlers from central asia. then that disproves your 'turkish antep city' claim

[@ravenarj6]

While the Turks were in Mongolia, there was a Kurdish population in Antep, and the exiles of the Kurds to Konya and Ankara, that is, to central Anatolia, date back to the 15-16 centuries.

[@nadirhikmetkuleli]

@@ravenarj6 Not true. Just a lie.

[@nadirhikmetkuleli]

@@misiniovdoze Turks being settlers from Central Asia does not make Kurds native. Kurds are also settlers from Iran and Iraq. They are also not native and their settlement is even later than Turks.

[@misiniovdoze]

@@nadirhikmetkuleli so what is the point of calling kurds migrants? as if turks are native

[@najibullahghafori3739]

only if one of those ancient anatolian languages (lydian, hittite, lycian, capadoccian, luwian) had survived and had taken over all anatolia, now anatolia would have had its own identity and proud history, its sad how they once become hellenized and now turkified, anatolians didn't have much luck i guess

[@lucasjames7524]

I feel like Anatolia is stuck in a situation where it's too central and too big for everyone else to ignore, but not big or rich enough in itself to fend everyone else's interests off. Anatolia seems to always be coveted territory that can't quite be its own enduring geopolitical center which commands a sphere of influence. It works for a while, and then fails.

[@najibullahghafori3739]

@@lucasjames7524 yeah, the geographical position is very central, between europe and asia, it has always been the target of conquests, it was really tough place back then

[@aliercankaplan2481]

But this happened everywhere. Culture in an area inevitably changes overtime because of migrations, invasions, political changes etc.

[@najibullahghafori3739]

@@aliercankaplan2481 no, many people have kept their language and culture for at least thousands of years, look at persian, pashto, armenian, greek, european languages, they are all thousands of years old

[@КристинаАйрапетян-р9л]

​@@najibullahghafori3739армянских сохранился но Родина конечно уменьшилась из за политических дегенератов

[@xdgamer2765]

circissians disappeared from caucuses in 1864 possibly majorly

[@valeok8357]

4:59, had the Genocide of minorities in the Ottoman Empire and the repatriation of Greeks had to do with the language wiping in Anatolia?

[@tarihcipenceresi9330]

The Ottomans did not commit genocide, these are your fabrications, an exchange agreement was made between Turkey and Greece in 1924, the Greeks in Anatolia were sent to Greece, the Turks in Greece were sent to Anatolia

[@valeok8357]

@@tarihcipenceresi9330 Most historians say otherwise, Turkey’s denial doesn’t change facts

[@tarihcipenceresi9330]

What do we deny? our ancestors defeated eastern Rome in the battle of Manzikert in 1071 and conquered Anatolian lands. The Seljuk Turks conquered these lands with the sword, most of the local population became Muslims and became Turks, and the non-Muslims were sent back to Greece in 1924 with the exchange agreement between Turkey and Greece.

[@valeok8357]

@@tarihcipenceresi9330 I’m not contradicting anything besides that fact of the genocide committed against minorities in the Ottoman Empire during WWI, anyway I’m talking about the Ottoman Empire, not modern Turkey

[@tarihcipenceresi9330]

Against whom the Ottomans committed genocide in the 1st World War? Don't understand

[@turkcukayi]

Today, Turks who research know that their ancestry is a mixture of indigenous Asia Minor peoples and Turks. For example, tribes such as the Pala, Paphlagones, Phrygians and Hittites lived in my city, Kastamonu.

[@tanhukim9963]

Çok cahilce konuşuyorsun

[@panos_gr_77_]

Original turks came from central Asia Nowadays turks have more greek DNA than turkic 😂

[@tanhukim9963]

@@panos_gr_77_ greek DNA😂. No. We are Mediterranean and Kafkasoid ( Hattic, Hurri, Urartu, Kaskian) DNA. Greek DNA= Arian R1a dna.

[@panos_gr_77_]

@@tanhukim9963 The Greeks are descended from the Pelasgians, original Turks came from Central Asia nowadays Turkish people are more Greek than turkic go search videos on KZbin with Turks making DNA tests and see 😅

[@panos_gr_77_]

@@tanhukim9963 However, Greek was spoken in the Anatolia region long before the existence of the Turks

[@ErmisSouldatos]

Ancient Anatolia had Bithynian, of Thracian origin, Mysian which was Thracian or Paeonian, Phrygian which was from the Balkans but didn't leave any significant relatives behind, Luwian, Lydian and others, which were Anatolian, plus other outside languages like Greek and Armenian. And later, there were also the Celtic Galatians. So many different peoples and cultures in this area

[@Nastya_07]

Phrygian was closest to Greek And Mysian might be a Phrygian dialect, Strabo mentions that Mysian was "in a way, a mixture of the Lydian and Phrygian languages", and I haven't seen anyone claim Mysian was Anatolian, plus Glottolog does consider Mysian a Phrygian dialect

[@zaboybagoi8636]

First of all;Kurdish population in Osmaniye, Marash,Antiochia and Anteb is exaggerated. I am from this region and i am sure even Syrians are more numerous in the region right now. As for Corum, there are not even Kurds there. No one can find me a place where Kurdish is spoken in Corum. My friend,Kurdish population is scattered all over Turkey and even in North Cyprus so these maps are often inaccurate. For example, the region you marked in southern Ankara is a desert and very few Kurds live, but there are 1 million Kurds in Antalya and Izmir. You know what I mean?

[@snowball5192]

Knk bu Kürtler Türk mü

[@zambabyalı]

​@@snowball5192 farslı bir millet türk değil

[@Dibeloo]

​@@snowball5192hayır

[@Dibeloo]

Iç Anadolu'da 200-300 bin Kürt yaşamakta ve dediğin gibi Ankara dolayları nüfus seyrek olduğundan haritada çok büyük bir alanı bile kaplıyorsa aslında çok küçük bir sayıya tekabül edebiliyor bu

[@aliklc1970]

Kürtler seyrek olarak sürülmüş anadoluya Osmanli yonetimine bas kaldiran asiretlerden teskiller osmanli surgun politikasi geregi yerlilerin %10 unu gecmeyecek sekilde kirac arazilere surgun edilmişlerdir

[@kedevy]

This is good, I would love to see the languages of the British Isles!

[@collegepark301]

How is the province of Hatay(Turkey) considered to speak arabic? Why are there no Turkish language enclaves inside southeastern anatolia throughout 1900s and 2000s? There are dominantly turkish spoken regions inside there

[@CostasMelas]

The southern part of Hatay includes mainly Arabic-speakers

[@collegepark301]

@@CostasMelas that could make sense, however showing the entire southeastern anatolia in kurdish language completely is wrong though, its a dominantly kurdish spoken region thats true, but a few provinces there have significantly more turkish speakers than kurdish, there has to be turkish exclaves there essentially, but i don't blame you here its the sources that are mixed up

[@Karkafs-Desiderium]

The map is mostly right, when you make a map, low populated land is often shown as one sigle color making it seem like more, at the end Kurds are just 20-25% of Turkey.@@collegepark301

[@oyungogdfrust4136]

@@CostasMelasi am from south hatay! you are wrong, most people there speak turkish among themselves, and only syrian immigrants and old people speak arabic. it definetly is present, but it isnt a majority like you show in the video. i personally would switch the arabic and turkish colors in hatay.

[@bcs332]

@@CostasMelas What I read is that Mamluks destroyed the Antiocheian Principality and the city itself then Turkmens repopulated the region, especially the coastal sides of the province. The 1915 Frenchmade ethnic map confirms the ethnic distribution

[@SolracCAP]

Fantastic, this must've taken much work seeing how much Anatolia changed through the centuries 👍

[@leonardo_fratila]

Incredible video, keep it up!❤🫡

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@Niloufar1992]

The rule of Achaemenids is almost imperceptible due to their Satrapi system and manner of respecting other languages, great video

[@TheBobVova]

Are there some theories of Hurro-Urartian and Nakh-Daghestani ties? Hattic and Circassian-Abkhaz-Ubukh ties?

[@CostasMelas]

About the first theory there is Nakh traditions

[@snakee2-p2k]

Hattic was probably related to NW-Caucasian languages. But it doesn't mean that "Hatti Civilization" belonged to circassians or abkhaz etc.. Hattians were indigenous people of Anatolia and they had their own culture. They have nothing to do with circassians.

[@macrolplayer]

Thanks and congratulations for this comprehensive time-lapse.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you very much

[@micahistory]

Nice video man, it's sad to see how much Greek decreased

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@leventerylmaz5901]

It's sad to see native anatolians become extinct and later the IE branch of anatolian languages became extinct because of hellenization

[@cleon_cleon]

Nice video. Thanks!

[@CostasMelas]

You're welcome :)

[@AyushRaj-cb6ny]

The greek population of anatolia after 18th century is far too exaggerated on this map

[@Gallusek]

The Lycaonian language, as I looked, may be some dialect of Greek

[@flavi9692]

Random question for a friend:what do you think about the fact that people say that romanians have a different origin than the one shown on this map?

[@TSGC16]

Great video. Can't wait for a 'the spread of Afro-Asiatic'

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@oyungogdfrust4136]

very inaccurate, as a former resident of the southern part of hatay it is most certainly majority turkish! there are arabic minorities, but the majority is definetly turkish. when maps do this i am instantly suspicious of the rest of the map.

[@flyingfoamtv2169]

the texture used on it indicates a fifty fifty split

[@CrsdrsWrStnsts]

It's a little bit hard to know which color is which language...

[@bbenjoe]

Where did the Armenians go?

[@TSGC16]

😂😂😂

[@TheBobVova]

You are banned in Turkiye 🤫

[@mehmetbenli8058]

Yunanlılar nereye gittiyse oraya anakaralarıma sürgün edildiler

[@aliklc1970]

Kurdized or genocide

[@DoofyGilmore1299]

Gone, reduced to atoms

[@anatolianceo]

great work dude!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@sevinthedisneyland]

As a kurdish in turkey i must say map 2023 is kinda wrong, i'm kurdish but everyone speaks turkish in normal conversation, new generation doesn't speak kurdish like me. Only old people speaks kurdish in daily life those days. Just for information 🙏

[@kimkardashiansdaddy2744]

same goes for greeks in turkey, the data in 2023 is so wrong

[@Yusufsnmz07]

You should learn your own language

[@КристинаАйрапетян-р9л]

Главное что вы считаете себя курдом. Вы не должны потерять свои корни. Привет из Армении

[@xaniedits4088]

Because of asimilation

[@KomaD109]

And you're proud of that? 💀

[@ryanwidjaja4252]

Awesome! I would love to see a video about the history of languages in the Middle East one day.

[@TheColombianSpartan]

Aramaic is goated for having persisted for so long

[@kimkardashiansdaddy2744]

they are getting kurdified now or they flee to istanbul or europe

[@camponotusinflatus9920]

Wasn't the coast of Middle East, Greek speaking during Roman era?

[@CostasMelas]

Mainly the ruling class but the local population used mainly Aramaic

[@camponotusinflatus9920]

@@CostasMelas Δηλαδή εκεί δεν έγινε εξελληνισμός, όπως στην εσωτερική Μικρά Ασία;

[@CostasMelas]

@@camponotusinflatus9920 Δεν υπήρξε σ'αυτή την έκταση. Κυρίαρχη ελληνική γλώσσα εκτός Μικράς Ασίας, υπήρξε στην κοιλάδα του Ορόντη, στη Δεκάπολη της Παλαιστίνης, στη Βόρεια Αίγυπτο και σε κάποιες ακόμα μεμονωμένες ελληνιστικές πόλεις

[@Thebestman-f1j]

How can I learn Subartu language?

[@saropapikyan9048]

Later these people were turkified , started to hate their ancient relatives: Greeks and Armenians, and they consider themselves as brothers of Uyghurs and Kazakhs. Wonder what they feel looking at the mirror and finding out they look like more Armenian and Greek but not Uyghurs and Kazakhs

[@tanhukim9963]

Yunanlılarda (Greek) bile IE oranı %15😂. Ermenilerde ( Armenians) hiç yok %0

[@saropapikyan9048]

@@tanhukim9963 Don't speak Ural-Altayic languages. Sorry

[@bythemoonlight]

@@saropapikyan9048 do not be sad. not everyone can speak the Anunnaki Language because it does not spread around the world like a virus. the language of noble lords (Kengir) is difficult. does not forcibly assimilate others. it cannot be learned later. anyone who says "i learned" is lying. but don't worry, google translate will do this for you. even though it may make small mistakes, its ok. for example, i use this for languages ​​of indian origin.

[@bythemoonlight]

@@tanhukim9963 çünkü ie diye bir ırk "yok" neredeyse dünyayı asimile etmiş hint kökenli bir dildir ie. asimile edilmiş bin çeşit ırk vardır içinde. ama bunların ilk ataları söyledikleri gibi anadolu dan değil, hindistan dan hint-çingene ırkıdır. bu asimile dili konuşan ırkçılar(!?)aynaya baktıklarında şunu söylemeliler "atalarım hint-çingenelere mi yoksa asimile ettiğim "ölü dil" diye sınıflandırdığımız ama ural altaik konuşan hurri-hattilere mi benziyorum?"

[@Cockroach-fr]

​@@tanhukim9963gypsy language

[@andrefarfan4372]

Nice video.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@BoranKq]

It was not a very successful study for Turkich. Anatolia started to receive immigration before 1071. Also B.C. The fact that the Sarmatians defeated the Urartians and settled in Anatolia is another matter. Not to mention the Turkification of Syria and Anatolia during the Hun period. Additionally, in the video, the Turkish language appears in Cyprus after the 1200s. Cyprus 16th-17th. It becomes Turkified after the century. Proto-Bulgarian and Avar Turkic languages ​​are also missing in the Balkans.

[@CostasMelas]

Bulgar is noted after 680 AD. Pannonian Avar was further north. Hunnic is only about temporary invasions

[@BoranKq]

@@CostasMelas You should have classified Bulgarians as Turkic. In addition, the Avars made many raids on Istanbul and made large-scale migrations to the south of the Balkans. You should have stated that the Huns were at least in the Caucasus.

[@mwittmann68]

​@@BoranKqThe bulgars were speaking a slavic language

[@BoranKq]

@@mwittmann68 They assimilated. Proto-Bulgarians migrated from Central Asia and fought against Byzantium in today's Bulgaria. Even the word Bulgarian is of Turkich origin.

[@elenilepouri7253]

​@@BoranKqHuns and avars werent turkis but mixed Kaucasian tribes with scythians etc The same bulgarians were mixed Kipchuks turks with other nomadic tribes slavs and natives Thracians

[@turkcukayi]

As descendants of the indigenous peoples of Asia Minor and the Turks, we are the heirs of both the Eastern Roman Empire and the Ottoman Empire. We accept and embrace the entire heritage of Asia Minor, from the Hattians to Türkiye.

[@es8994]

In your imagination you can be whatever you want but in reality in order to be a heir of something in that case these imperial identities eastern roman or ottoman where the genetic connection didn't matter at all, you need to have a strong and unbroken cultural heritage to it.

[@turkcukayi]

@@es8994 There is already cultural closeness. Many traditions in Türkiye have been inherited from ancient peoples. For example, in some regions of Türkiye, bride price is given to the girl's side when getting married. This is a tradition from the Hittites.

[@panos_gr_77_]

Turks and Ottomans came thousand years later in Anatolia than Greeks

[@turkcukayi]

@@panos_gr_77_ The Greeks established colonies only in coastal cities. Turks settled all over Asia Minor.

[@panos_gr_77_]

The Greek element dominated the Byzantine Empire, What you say is not true, the Greeks were first in Asia Minor and in Pontus region

[@Gallusek]

Would you do a history of the languages of Mesopotamia and the Zagros Mountains? A type of Sumerian, Kassite, Uxii, Cyrtian or Gutian language?

[@CostasMelas]

I would love to make it. It is a difficult topic

[@velocassini]

Poor Greek speakers that were persecuted and kicked out of Anatolia and Bosphurus

[@tanhukim9963]

Geçmişi boşver kanka.

[@tughluq8324]

Poor Arabic speaker that were persecuted and kicked out of Portugal and Iberia

[@madonebo9249]

Poor Anatolian languages went extinct because of Hellenization

[@hopeundertheblacksun]

​@@tughluq8324not poor,they were invaders 😂

[@islammehmeov2334]

​@@hopeundertheblacksunso are the greeks in ANATOLIAN so stopped crying 😂

[@mattiasuardi4300]

Thanks, great video. From your video it appears that western Mediterranean regions of Anatolia had a Greek-speaking majority at the end of the nineteenth century. I was wondering whether there are some statistics on this. Thanks!

[@CostasMelas]

No other language groups are mentioned in the Byzantine Themes of the East after the 8th century, with the exception of the Armenians

[@junotehplanet]

Do a history of the African Bantu languages! I would appreciate it!

[@akiothefractaldigphymultiverse]

Mitanni Aryan is very interesting! I have speculations if they might have been a split off from the Andronovo and Sintashta and migrated into the Caucasus, directly from the Steppe unlike the mainstream hypothesis that holds that they migrated via the BMAC region. Former would be very interesting, if true.

[@dionisiodussart5629]

Indo-Aryan nation was born in Bactriana (BMAC site) after killing the Oxus civilization, which happened around 1700 BC. Two centuries later began the vedic time in Indian "Aryavastra", and at the same time the indo-aryans showed up as a part of the ruling class in the kingdom of mittani. It's widely agreed that the all the indo-aryan nation, that stood much closer to its european traditions (religion and language) than - appeared much later - the iranians, was the first andronovan invading wave that collided with the Oxus civilization.

[@Dont3000]

Good work.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@turxanazimzade3917]

​when armenian language is born?on which timeline accuratelly?

[@sinan.yildiz]

Great video. Zaza language is missing. I think it was shown as part of Kurdish, normally it is a separate Iranian language.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you. You're right. I included it in Kurdish

[@Secular_Turkish]

The map is very wrong. There are not that many Kurds in the eastern part of Turkey.

[@Gokhankara777]

Bunu yapan eleman sıyırmış birader. 2023'te Konya-Ankara civarını dahi Turkish-Kurdish yapmış. Gerçeklikten dehşet bir kopukluk var.

[@Rivan98]

Thats what they make you think

[@Secular_Turkish]

@@Rivan98 I don't get it? I live in Turkiye and this map often contains major inaccuracies.

[@be_tonak]

kurdish is not dominant for such regions. adana, marash, tokat, yozgat, sivas, elazığ and malatya do not have that much kurdish speakers. even i do not see any kurdish from tokat yet in my life.

[@luxeffere]

There are many Kurdish speakers in Malatya, approximately 35-40% can speak Kurdish. I am also from Malatya, but I am not Kurdish. This map is an exaggeration, only the south of Malatya is Kurdish.

[@be_tonak]

@@luxeffere not actually the south, more like the south east have kurdish majority. I'm from malatya too, from akçadağ. itin bana hırlıye gardaşş :))

[@Ersen_abiniz]

There was any greek language in Anatolian history, all this extinct indo european languages and caucasus languages were native to Anatolian peninsula. Aksi there is not any evidence about kalaş language was Anatolian. They were descanders of hattie people belongs to asia

[@anlamsiz0]

Love your videos from Türkiye!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@fenasikerim3749]

proud to be anatolian

[@gtc239]

Oh boy it's gonna get spicy

[@GabyXXIII]

How many dialects did the Greek language have in Anatolia?

[@CostasMelas]

In modern period: Demotic (close to the Standard Greek), Pontic Greek, Cappadocian Greek

[@GabyXXIII]

@@CostasMelas I know those :) But were there others? I heard about Phrygian Greek.

[@BIGOTTOMANEMPIRE343]

​@@GabyXXIII+1

[@dieletztekavallerie395]

Turkish nationalists got crazy :D Turks have a rich and fascinating history already, but they prefer deny or try to delete the existences of others’ ones (Greeks and other Balkan peoples have same complex, not gonna lie, I can’t blame Turks for everything). A neutral and scientific education about history is very important for every nation.

[@tanhukim9963]

👍

[@leventerylmaz5901]

I actually embrace my native anatolian (and possibly caucasian) ancestors, i think that's pretty fascinating. Of course, this does not stop me from being Turkish and speaking Turkish

[@adamfrost1881]

Thank you for your fairness but anatolia belongs to the turks

[@Michael_the_Drunkard]

​@@adamfrost1881Anatolian Turks aren't even "Turks"

[@islammehmeov2334]

​@@Michael_the_Drunkarddefine me what is TURK

[@DanijelofSimic]

Please do a video about Mesopotamian Substrate/languages.

[@AmirSatt]

Anatolia was never greek by blood. It was and still is anatolian. Many different indo european anatolian languages were spoken, then greek, latin, greek again and then turkish. But even then the majority of modern turkish population descended from anatolian farmers, not turkic nomads.

[@xsfsdsdhen1739]

But anatolian people mixed with pure greek tribes and the term Greek became wider. After the roman era we consider Greek every orthodox person who spoke Greek.

[@najibullahghafori3739]

100 right, modern turkish people are only turkish by language, but actually are anatolians by blood, they are just turkified nothing else

[@aquapotato..]

anatolia was for a very long time greek, sure not the whole thing but regions like Byzantium Ionia and Pontus where for thousands of years. i mean even as far back as 2400 years ago the whole Anatolian coast was greek

[@borakaraca9788]

As a Turkish nationalist, having hittite dna in our blood is not a bad thing they were great civilization we are lucky that we have artifects and ancient sites of hittie, phyrgia and other great civilizations in here anatolia we have anatolian civilizations museum in Ankara which I have visited a few months ago also we have a great statue of hittite sun in the middle of downtown of Ankara

[@Steriperis1312]

Turks are not native to Anatolia, "Anatolian Turks" are genetically close Azeris and Mesopotamians and no actual anatolian neolithic farmers. The closest related groups to ancient Anatolians are the Sardinians followed Sicilians,cretans,cypriots and Greek islanders. Turks dont even clust toghether to the groups you mentioned, Also the Greeks were desedants of anatolian people prior to the bronze age collapse when the Greek language developed, so how can anatolians not being Greek when Greeks were anatolians as well (Doric people are a questionable exception)? Also Phyrgians were descedants of Thracian colonizers located to modern day North Macedonia and had a lot of more steppe ancestry than Greeks, but you dont mention that to Turkish propaganda i guess.

[@clouds-rb9xt]

A "languages of the middle east" video would be cool since you can see some of it here. I know you made a semitic languages one a few years ago, but still

[@_Painted]

Great video. It also shows how tolerant the Persian Empire was for its time, because you don't see any major changes in language/ethnicity that would have corresponded to purges or forced assimilation during their rule in the region.

[@king_halcyon]

Does that imply Greeks did that after conquering the middle east then? No. Greeks already were across the coasts of Anatolia and the urban centres of Bactria by the time of the Alexandrian conquests. Anatolia, being very proximate to Greece, was more Hellenized due to more incoming settlers and close administrators, while Bactria hosted a significant minority of Greeks from redeemed Persian-captured prisoners and veteran or vacational soldiers alike, leading to the formation of a short-lived presence of Greek influence in southern Central and northwestern South Asia. The rest of the middle east never really had that much of direct Greek contact or administration, with most middlemen being native recruits. Therefore, they had less effect, such as few Greek borrowings into their native tongues.

[@najibullahghafori3739]

persian rule didn't last that long otherwise they would have definitely persianized it, look at modern iran, kurds, balochs, mazandaranis , etc,,, i mean all the iranian groups have to speak persian, so don't be that proud,

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@user_18789]

@@king_halcyon The Greeks were very atrocious in the cultural cleansing of nations After Alexander, the whole region of Iran and even Afghanistan and Central Asia spoke Greek and had Greek names for hundreds of years. If the Parthians, whose official language was Parthian and Greek, did not rise up and overthrow the Seleucid empire, now all the people of this region would be Greek.

[@ItsMe-jb4ch]

It was a great video. You put a lot of effort into it and chose the perfect ambiente and concept. However we need to remember at all times that such maps have a fallacy of at least 50%. Maps are only representing the guessed location and span of influence of some kings that we know about.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you. Can you be more specific? Feedback is very helpful for improvement.

[@ItsMe-jb4ch]

@@CostasMelas Of course. Thank you for asking. 1) Maps are drawn to give an idea on the region of influence of a sovereign, based on inscriptions we read about them. If we hadn't read about them, we wouldn't have taken their names into consideration. That way, history books were filled with too much credit for boastful rulers. Many lied about their influence, in order to go down in the annals with a good reputation. 2) In the same time we lose sight of other people that are not mentioned anymore because we rely conveniently on the map of the super power. Like the Ottomans. It's like we say Europeans, but we know that every nation has its own region of influence. Now imagine it was the ancient time, and smaller nations didn't have either the means or opportunity to write down their own history. Maybe they did, and we need to read them yet. Many have been destroyed deliberately by ruling dynasties. Imagine that the only scripts surviving in Europe after 3000 years, are just the reports on the European Union. What would historians in future do? 3) Maps deny the non-state, non-authoritarian kingdoms their place. It's always the loudest bully or most praised clerical regime, or by chance most spoken about empire that gets remembered. I recommend you to read the books "Beyond, State, Power and Violence" and "Against the Grain". They give a good insight into these topics

[@lekevire]

Hey Costas, great video. I have a question: What is your favourite language family other than Hellenic? Keep up the great work :D

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you very much.

[@lekevire]

@@CostasMelas You're welcome, but mind answering my question please?

[@КристинаАйрапетян-р9л]

Нет греческой семьи есть греческая группа внутри индоевропейской семьи. Мой родной язык армянский входит в эту семью но не группу

[@georgios_5342]

Excellent work!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you very much

[@Jalekrkmz]

We Zaza people aren't kurd even Unesco recognized our language as independent language in 2011 ! So why are you show my Zaza (Dimili) language as Kurdish ? Our language is closer to Talishi and Gilaki 🇮🇷 languages more than Kurdish ! Because we came from North Iran 1000 years ago ! As a Zaza l cant even understand Kurdish ! 4 million Zaza has their own language and history please stop ignore my people

[@kurdistanfedaisi]

You have a fake profile . Probably you are not Kurdish Zazaki

[@islammehmeov2334]

​@@kurdistanfedaisiLoL kUrDs 🤢🤮

[@ibrahimnalbant9045]

Germanic language in 2nd century?? What do we know about that one

[@chepny1]

Kurdish area is exaggerated

[@erth-d3s]

no

[@chepny1]

@@erth-d3s yes. i am searching village by village every Turkish city according to their ethnic structure, so map shows kurdish majority areas so exaggerated

[@erth-d3s]

@@chepny1 mad turk

[@kurdistanfedaisi]

Harita dogru biz burdayız

[@chepny1]

@@kurdistanfedaisi 2 senedir koy koy arastiriyorum haritada dunya kadar yanlis var.

[@zuhalguven5194]

Good video

[@michaelhodson6277]

What happened at 4:59? It’s crazy to see such a decline in the Armenian language🤔🤔🤔

[@andreamarino6010]

Some say nothing happened

[@wilcowen]

1.5 million Armenians were genocided by the ottoman government

[@koleksiyoner145]

​@@wilcowenno it's "techir kanunu"

[@luxeffere]

The Ottomans forced them to migrate. Many died on the way. The neighborhood where I lived was an old Armenian neighborhood and even my father's grandmother was Armenian.

[@luxeffere]

@@koleksiyoner145 Hepsi yolda öldü

[@Rivan98]

Where's ladino?

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

now that i think about it. as a colorblind person, some shades of colors are hard to identify which is to which in these mapping videos

[@Ja-jq7pc]

No one cares, get better

[@CostasMelas]

There is the pattern selection but it is more confusing

[@xXxSkyViperxXx]

@@CostasMelas what if the names had small numbers that were overlayed over the colors

[@КристинаАйрапетян-р9л]

Они не считали себя греками. Они называли себя ромеи

[@LibrarianSankore]

Do a history of Khurramites every year vieo.

[@cathoderaytube38]

Isn't hatay (antioch) a majority turkish city? Same goes for few eastern cities that were once kurdish now assimilated to turkish

[@sktt1488]

No. I am from turkey and you are very very wrong.

[@kimkardashiansdaddy2744]

very very very very? are you very sure?@@sktt1488

[@lefterismagkoutas4430]

Amazing video once again!

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@LOL-ev8ft]

Anatolia is Europe and no one can change my mind about it.

[@magicalgrass3131]

Anatolia definetly is more like Europe than Asia but the thing is there is actually no Europe or Asia. They're the same continent.

[@naitor2594]

turks will never be european, cope

[@mustafa_karaca]

@@magicalgrass3131 ancient name of Anatolia is Asia. Even Greeks called it Asia. Turks spread the name Anatolia

[@magicalgrass3131]

@@mustafa_karaca Anadolu hâlen Yunanların elinde olsa tüm dünya kolayca Avrupa sayardı Anadolu'yu

[@Jonathan-sm5oq]

​@@magicalgrass3131 continent has nothing to do with geography but with cultre

[@ugur5721]

appreciate the work but the ottoman era is highly wrong, with that high population of turks it is impossible for them to speak greek until 20th century.

[@KartovOndulevitch]

Awesome, as usual. Now, next level : mixing languages moves with haplogroups moves🤩🤩🤩🤩 I strongly prefer maps were all languages are on it than only those of selected families. It's better for the understanding of populations moves. PS : I think Galatians were a bit more extended, and a bit more southern, but that's just a detail, and I am even not certain of my affirmation ^^ I still think than Trojan war was closely related to the end of Hittites and to Sea Peoples. I'm fascinated by history of antiquity before 1000BC. And I regret than actual historians use only archeologist fantasy names (bell baker, yamna, etc) instead of ethnic names wrote by ancient historians. Actuals consider those writings as false and crappy, but they're wrong. After all, it was, under mock of his colleagues, by using ancient historians writings than a guy discovered the ruins of Troy. Exactly when and where those ancient told it was.

[@CostasMelas]

Thank you

[@KartovOndulevitch]

​@@CostasMelasif I may dare a suggestion, it would be to not draw the "dominant political language" (latin bc Rome, Greek bc Alexander and Byzantium, etc) because I find more hard to "read" the map with all those lines mixed. I am aware than it would make lose some infos, but we would have a clearer view of the big picture. Of course, that's just a suggest, you're the king of your channel. Hope those critics don't bother you🙏❤️

[@ikengaspirit3063]

Wait, is that Circassian in the Orontes, Antoich and Taurus at 664 AD?. How did they get there?

[@CostasMelas]

Greek under the Arabs, blue color with green stripes not cyan

[@ikengaspirit3063]

@@CostasMelas oh, thanks

[@Okan_Omer]

In 1900 in stanbul there were no Greek majority. It looks really funny.

[@panos_gr_77_]

They don't disappear they just became Muslims or killed

[@oyungogdfrust4136]

also, putting assyrian as aramaic? laz as zan?

[@CostasMelas]

Laz is part of Zan along with the Mingrelian. Modern Assyrians speak Neo-Aramaic languages

[@ermuhambetcalmenov8104]

Tyrkiye 🇹🇷 tek Qana ALGA! Kazakhstan 🇰🇿 Kyrgyzstan 🇰🇬 Uzbekistan 🇺🇿 Turkmenistan 🇹🇲 Azerbaijan 🇦🇿 sizdermen birge!

[@kimkardashiansdaddy2744]

You forgot Gagauzia and the ``russian`` Turkic republics

[@user_18789]

en azi biz azeriler sizinen bir deyiliq! cunku mongol deyiliq ve en azi 3000 yildir bu menteqedeyiq

[@user_18789]

siz moqol toxumlarisiniz

[@tanhukim9963]

​@@user_18789sen azerbaycanlı değilsin. Yalan söyleme.

[@Kartlos1]

​@@user_18789 Sende irani/kafkas çorbasının tekisin. Kendi kanını korumuş olanları aşağılamak senin haddine değil.

[@Light_spot_]

Are all these languages categorized within the Anatolian branch of IE languages ??? Or are they just various languages of different family trees spoken in Anatolia ?

[@mwittmann68]

Yes, mostly anatolian languages

[@Light_spot_]

@mwittmann68 wow, that's amazing such variety, thank you for the info

[@henry_illenberger]

2:47 Long Live the Galatian Celts!

[@helioslegigantosaure6939]

Hello can you do that with greece

[@kenanhasan9784]

Thank you for video. Next time Caucasian region please.

[@CostasMelas]

You're welcome:)

[@КристинаАйрапетян-р9л]

​@@CostasMelasЗакавказье

[@RichardEdwards40]

what is the mediterranean substrate

[@samuelsz1422]

The language or languages that were spoke in that region in ancient times, way before that the Indoeuropeans and other peoples settled there. Because we don't know which was the real name of these languages, we call it "substrate". The Minoan could be an example of Mediterranean substrate language.

[@CostasMelas]

Pre-Indo-European peoples of Aegean (Pelasgians, Minoans etc). They probably spoke more than one language

[@RichardEdwards40]

@@CostasMelas I see. Anatolian Farmer languages then I guess. They definitely did not all speak a single language and they could even have spoken mutliple independant language families.

[@ibrahimturan28]

it's not so accurate 1397 Giresun Karadeniz blacksea as already conquered by Turks. 1461 Trabzon was already Turkish province. Yes they spoke some greek but mostly Cepni-Turks.

[@Youaregypsy]

Really? then how is it possible that thousands of pontic Greeks that still spoke Greek and were Greek were murdered by the Ottoman empire in the end of the Greco-Turkish war if it was a Turkish province since 1397??

[@ibrahimturan28]

@@Youaregypsy bro. we are Not ottoman kayıTurk. We are çepniTurk Back in days in Sinop there were 15.000 people but only 3000 were greek or greek related. So who were those 12.000 people?😊 History doesn't lie but ignorant people does. Don't forget when Turks came some converted Islam but some christian. Turks who want to be a christian spoke latin or greek or Rumi. That is also the reason why dna are close to each other. In mubadele in 1924 or so christian Turk went to greece because of religion. KZbin Karaman teyze, karaman aunt.

[@ibrahimturan28]

@@Youaregypsy we lived together. Till english poisened both culture. Also in Giresun Turks and Rum worked in same shop.

[@Youaregypsy]

@@ibrahimturan28 are ottoman Turks different from çepni Turks? I didn't know that the difference was so big.

[@ibrahimturan28]

@@Youaregypsy Yes ottoman Turks are other branch and CepniTurks are other branch. also ottoman fought with other Turkish trib Karaman... example in Greece there are penelopGreek, minoansGreek, atticaGreek or athensGreek, ionianGreek (yunan) . same language but other tribs :)

[@efe75623]

What really fascinates me is how most of these languages survived upon this date. In mediaval times, conquests often results as total genocide or absolute assimilation of the population, including language and culture. We see this in Roman Empire Hellenizing most of the Anatolian tribes, also the the Gaia and Celtic culture has completely being Anglosized too. Same with the east, Chinese Sinnofication with the increasing borders of the Mongoloid population-hell even in the modern collonial era this happened, the majority of the middle east and north Africa speak French as a standart. Southern America speaks SPanish instead. Yet Mesopotamia, Anatolia and Balkans, these lands appearantly suffered less of a loss of language and culture. Turly fascinating.

[@hipno8016]

I always want a video like this, Thank you! Languages of Iranian plateau next?

[@CostasMelas]

You're welcome :)

[@najibullahghafori3739]

yeah it would amazing( iranian plateau ) we speak pashto an iranian language