Ancient Egypt Dynasty by Dynasty - Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt / Dynasty XI - Reunification of Egypt

In this video, we'll take a look at Egypt's Eleventh Dynasty, a full-scale civil war, the reunification of the country and the start of the what today is known as the Middle Kingdom period of Egyptian history. This just might be one of the most interesting few decades of Egyptian history ever!
Contents:
00:00 Intro
01:12 Disorder Prevails!
05:20 Showdown in the South
11:30 Intef I
12:29 Intef II
16:07 Intef III
16:38 Return of the King: Mentuhotep II
26:25 Thank You and Patrons
Related Videos:
Ancient Egypt Dynasty by Dynasty Playlist: • Ancient Egypt Dynasty ...
Ancient Egypt Dynasty by Dynasty - The First Intermediate Period / Dynasties VII-XI
• Ancient Egypt Dynasty ...
Ancient Egypt Dynasty by Dynasty - First Dynasty of Egypt / Dynasty I
• Ancient Egypt Dynasty ...
Sources and Suggested Reading ► bit.ly/3ypbqVQ
Machinimas created using Total War: Rome 2 Age of Bronze mod
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Music:
Epidemic Sound
#egypt #ancienthistory #bronzeage

[@ancientsitesgirl]

At last! Sensational video, no one explains the history of Egypt as well as you! ❤To feel the atmosphere of these times, I recommend to everyone Tombs of the Nobles in Aswan, which I recently had the honor to film ;)

[@HistorywithCy]

Haha thanks but I'm sure there are many out there who can explain it better than me. I do enjoy making these and am thrilled that you all are enjoying this journey with me. I also love watching your videos as I've never seen many of the sites you cover, especially those 5th Dynasty pyramids and ruins. Honestly great stuff and I hope one day to go there. I really enjoyed the valley of the kings one and will watch your latest video this weekend! Thanks for watching this... D12 on the way, stay tuned!

[@abdelra7man87]

What I love about this series is that it is unlike others who only focus on the pyramids and the new kingdom

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks! Yeah it's fun to dig up stuff on these lesser known dynasties. New Kingdom on the way, will be heavy into it this fall. Thanks so much for watching, really appreciate it and stay tuned for more!

[@diogosaraiva9547]

This series is going to be a major asset for those who want to learn about Egyptian political history for years to come! Kudos, love every episode

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks, glad you're enjoying it! Still a lot more dynasties to cover but hoping to have them all done by some time in 2023. Just curious, are you from Brazil? I used to live in Sao Paulo for many years and would also go to the Saraiva bookstores whenever I could! Anyway, thanks for watching the videos... valeu!!!

[@dirremoire]

​@History with Cy 😂 0:00

[@pete2389]

4:30 am on a Saturday, new Egyptian dynasty just dropped. I know what I’m doing for the next 27 minutes 🤓

[@alkasah4softs129]

11:00 am Libya

[@pete2389]

@@alkasah4softs129 Gotta get that eleventh dynasty in before lunch

[@bibia666]

I'm going to be watching twice 😅

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks everyone, hope that you enjoy it! I know how much many of you are interested in these so I'll try to get them out much faster, although the 18th and 19th dynasty might take a lot longer to put out...each one of those could be their own series! Anyway, thanks for watching and @Pete, enjoy your lunch!

[@BlueSideUp77]

It is approximated that Abram was born around 1996, during Menuhotep IV's reign. Thank you for researching this dynasty and providing interesting information!

[@gamingchamp6728]

The fact that you forgot a BC has some very interesting implications

[@MasterMalrubius]

I have to agree with previous posts. This was an incredible video. So much information it is hard to grasp it all. But the accumulated knowledge really provides a good basis for understanding these eras.

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks, glad you like the format of these. Yeah it is a lot. Eventually, I'll do another video (or videos) on the entire history of ancient Egypt in a summarized form, less on individual dynasties and more on general themes. I'm the type of person who wants to know every little detail about even the lesser-known rulers so that's why I started this series slicing Egyptian history by dynasty. Eventually I'd like to also do something similar like the Roman Empire, Emperor by Emperor and stuff like that. Anyway, thanks for watching, really appreciate it! Now, on to D12!

[@brandonjade2146]

Egyptian history is some of the most fascinating of all cant wait to see the next one cy thanks for the hard work

[@HistorywithCy]

For sure, Dynasty 12 out in a few weeks, stay tuned and thanks for watching!

[@elguido]

I am so glad you are keeping this series up! You are doing a great work, thank you! And congratulations on almost having 120k subscribers! When i joined you had a bit more than 50k. It is so nice to see that your channel is having its well deserved growth!

[@HistorywithCy]

Haha thanks, but the sub count is thanks to dedicated viewers like you! Yeah, slowly getting close to halfway through the series. I'll try to put them out faster but some of them will take a lot longer (for example, 18th and 19th). It's a lot of fun for me and I'm thrilled many of you are enjoying these too! Thanks again for watching and stay tuned!

[@devinsmith4790]

To be honest intermediate periods are just a time when Egypt lack a strong centralized government, culturally things were still going strong. In fact the First Intermediate Period was a time when certain practices became democratized and not just limited to the king, for example after the Old Kingdom the funerary texts (originally only reserved for the king via the Pyramid Texts) become more available to people of lower classes as the Coffin Texts which evolved in later periods into other works like the famous Book of the Dead.

[@kevinganske967]

History with Cy has started to become one of my favorite You Tube Channels. Good work.

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks my friend, glad you're enjoying these. More like this one coming up, stay tuned and thanks for watching!

[@PoliticalFuturism]

Another fantastic and informative video! You always deliver, Cy!

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks, glad you're enjoying this series. Working on Dynasty 12 right now, hope to have it out soon. Thanks for watching!

[@kentelley4589]

Very good. Very good! I enjoyed this one. The drama was exciting!

[@geraldmeehan8942]

Thank you for yet another great & informative video!

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks, glad you enjoyed this and #12 on the way, stay tuned!

[@geraldmeehan8942]

@@HistorywithCy Ok & thank you!

[@ReligiosityPlus]

Wonderful video! I've been studying Egyptian history and religion for some time now and this was a very educational and enjoyable watch! Thank you!

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks! More dynasties on the way, stay tuned and thanks for watching!

[@johnnysmall]

Amazing and well done as usual!

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks man, now onward to Dynasty 12!

[@cyrusthegreat1893]

Excellent work! Well done!

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks! By the way, you're going to be in more videos this summer!

[@cyrusthegreat1893]

@@HistorywithCy How wonderful! Thanks for keeping me more alive in history!

[@sizanogreen9900]

yay! another episode of my favoriteancient egyptian dynasty by dynasty youtube documentary series:)

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks, hope you enjoy this one...D12 is on the way, stay tuned and thanks for watching!

[@sizanogreen9900]

@@HistorywithCy thank you for your great work:) I'm looking forward to it!

[@laktho]

After watching some House of Dragons I must say your Egyptian History is way more thrilling! Thx! Cy .. love your channel .. especially because you care about long lost hi- and story ;p

[@sigurdrobertsson2231]

What

[@robbabcock_]

Great, Cy! I especially like your content on ancient Egypt.

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks my friend, glad you enjoyed this and lots more coming up... not even halfway through with this series and many more supplemental programs on Egypt are also on the way. Stay tuned and thanks for continuing to watch these!

[@kamster518]

Great as usual!

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks!

[@oneeye999]

Great video! Thank you.

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks my friend, glad you enjoyed it... Dynasty XII coming soon, stay tuned!

[@sobriost60]

Great videos, thank you Cy! Waiting for your video about Second Intermediate Period and Hyksos/Amorite 15th Dynasty.

[@lindseykeene5494]

Oh yea, those outside invasions

[@josephphoenix1376]

Excellent Episode!

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks, more on the way, stay tuned!

[@adrianokury]

Beautiful one! Excellent...

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks, glad you enjoyed this... Dynasty 12 coming up, stay tuned and thanks for watching!

[@QalOrt]

That was fun!

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks, Dynasty 12 coming up!

[@anitapollard1627]

Thanks (again & as usual) Cy!!

[@HistorywithCy]

Thank you for watching (again & as usual)! The support of viewers like you has really helped this channel to grow in the way it has. Dynasty 12 coming soon, stay tuned!

[@anitapollard1627]

@@HistorywithCy YAY 🤗 waiting patiently 💕 & re-watching the ones you already made!!

[@SobekLOTFC]

New History with Cy? Always a good day!

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks my friend, it's a great day for me when I can do something to help satisfy your cravings for more knowledge on such history! Thanks so much for watching, really appreciate it and stay tuned for more!

[@hondakubo9399]

Brilliant channel 🏹👍

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks, glad you're enjoying these videos and much more on the way!

[@Hambrack]

Oh boy, I sure hope nothing bad happens to the IX Dynasty of Egypt, my favourite of Egypt's Dynasties.

[@promiscuous5761]

Thank you..

[@HistorywithCy]

Thank you for watching, really appreciate it!

[@hermescarraro3393]

this episode's ending was quite funny. WHAT A TWIST! Who could have forseen such a clever spin on the plot? 🤷‍♂

[@HistorywithCy]

Such is the turn history often takes - a real life Game of Thrones! Seriously, so many of these stories should be made into streaming series on HBO or Netflix... there's so much good stuff that they could use from the annals of ancient history. Thanks for watching... D12 on the way, stay tuned!

[@hermescarraro3393]

@@HistorywithCy It's gonna take a looong time to cover them all, but I am sure you are gonna make it. 👍👍👍

[@harryzimmerman7991]

​@@HistorywithCyThat be a cool series idea, till then, especially fans of Death Metal, we have albums from the band Nile to listen to, majority of their are based on Ancient Egypt, the mythology and some history, beside this channel, I've learned a lot just by reading the liner notes on their CD booklets🤘😢

[@Boric78]

Very good.

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks!

[@NotagYmra]

Mentuhotep: Hmmm, I need stone for my sarcophagus. Emenemhat: Now this looks like a job for me!

[@Type2DiabetesLol]

thanks for all the videos nerd

[@HistorywithCy]

You're welcome!

[@anasevi9456]

I love these dynasty by dynasty series!

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks... haha almost halfway done! Hoping to finish sometime in 2023! Thanks for watching, really appreciate it...D12 on the way!

[@sigurdrobertsson2231]

How many dynasty by dynasty series have you watched that you love them so much?

[@kidmohair8151]

11 down, 23 to go! (I'm including the Argead and Ptolemaic...) Well done!

[@kolahonta]

If the origins of Egypt reside in Upper Egypt, how comes that the most astonishing and oldest Egyptian buildings (Saqqarah, Giza) are to be found in the very North part of this country ?

[@bibia666]

It is not 100% sure that upper Egypt (the south) did create it... But Narmer most likely did unite Egypt (at least formally for the first time) from saqqara...., but I personally would call that middle Egypt...., it is classically seen as upper Egypt... But I think there is no complete consensus on that "fact" I find it one of the most interesting subjects..., ancient Egypt and the 1st dynasties. Greetings bibia

[@marcadiadd5681]

I saw some other video that said something to the effect that one of the early leaders from Upper moved the capital to Lower to be able to watch and exercise more control over Lower.

[@HistorywithCy]

That's a good question. Basically like @Marcadia DD said, the capital was moved to the more centrally-located Memphis once rule over both lands, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt, was established. The first few dynasties though, the ones for which we associate with Egyptian statehood, came from the Thinis / Hierakonpolis area. That's why later kings after the Third Dynasty were buried closer to Memphis while the earlier ones, though they had cenotaphs at Saqarra, were laid to rest in Abydos, which was closer to Thinis and traditionally considered to be part of Upper Egypt. Hope this helps and thanks for watching!

[@lindseykeene5494]

That's just the fact of the matter. It all started in the south (upper Egypt). It's been proven by the artifacts, and the earliest of archeological finds. The delta was simply more hospitable and convenient. The best real estate on the Nile. The strongest, majority, and native of the Nile laid claim!

[@lindseykeene5494]

​@@bibia666 because it's the best Real estate on the Nile. The delta was more hospitable. The guys from the south or the north, laid claim to what they figured was there's

[@ajithsidhu7183]

More bronze age please

[@HistorywithCy]

Will do!

[@jimcunningham5376]

Sir ,I love your work and propose the idea of an episode concerning nothing but lost cities of Mesopotamia as mentioned in royal text and monuments. Given a list some lucky oddball might actually be pointed toward discovery....

[@HistorywithCy]

Hmmm, that's a really cool idea. There are a few cities that come to mind but as you said, they are only mentioned and most only with a line or two, as in "So and so went to Mankisim..." or "Shamshi-Adad of Ekallatum..." without much detail. The greatest lost city I think of Mesopotamia is Agade, which has still never been found. That might be an interesting one to do, as in what happened to it ultimately? There are texts of later Babylonian kings saying that they helped to restore parts of the city, so that might be a good topic to one day cover. Anyway, thanks for watching and the suggestion, really appreciate it! More on the way, stay tuned!

[@jimcunningham5376]

Ekallatum seems to have hints toward its location. We know Agade had a harbour and it is the subtleties in descriptions that find the lost cities.

[@jimcunningham5376]

I believe ekellatum to be farther north ,within view of where the Zeb runs into the Tigris.

[@HistorywithCy]

@@jimcunningham5376 yeah it was supposedly very close to Ashur. My guess is that as Ashur grew, it may have been absorbed into like an extended suburb and the original name was no longer referenced to. Just my thoughts... would be an interesting topic for sure!

[@johnemery6944]

Freaking awesome I love how this dynasty established a strong central government by forcing out the central government lol I learned alot man I appreciate it alot

[@HistorywithCy]

Yeah, and we'll see this again with some of the other dynasties, when another "intermediate period" comes not too long after the first one. Stay tuned and thanks for watching, really appreciate it!

[@johnemery6944]

@@HistorywithCy I will man thank you.

[@crystalmyers2616]

Hey Cy when are you going to do Dynasties 21-30 for Ancient Egypt?

[@HistorywithCy]

Working on it! Dynasties 21-24 (Third Intermediate Period) is next, hope to have it out by the end of this month or next.

[@Nicholas-mi2vt]

Mentuhotep ll was brutal

[@massimosquecco8956]

Please make a video about the archaic first 3 dinasties+ and 4th dynasty: information about them is so hard to find! I, for one will enormously appreciate it'''...

[@HistorywithCy]

Hi! Actually I've already made those videos which you can find on this playlist here: kzbin.info/aero/PLUx8354UG5yy4JiAs1I23s5cLtnfDs0pN Please let me know if you need anything else!

[@ucjepkjl7fbne6shltft3mlw8]

I think that "kings" in this context* ought to be referred to as "monarchs". *by which I mean "paragraphs that among other things frequently discuss nomarchs"

[@bibia666]

I pressed the like button like 🐒 (a lot & hard😅) Greetings bibia. And thanks 🙏 once again for the upload

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks, hope you enjoyed this and more on the way, stay tuned!

[@BC.Castro]

So many people are obsessed with medieval europe and it’s “Game of Thrones” like history, it’s really insane when you see that Africans did that 3,000 years prior…. The Europeans really were the last ones to show up to the party Alexander was the first European to leave europe and conquer anything in Asia or Africa and that was in the 300s BCE. The Chinese, Indians, Persians, and Egyptians were doing this stuff thousands of years before Alexander was born

[@henkstersmacro-world]

👍👍👍

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks!

[@LagunaShirogane]

A Dynasty Warriors or Romance of the 3 Kingdoms spin-off games could be made on Egypt's 1st Intermediate Period given how good this is with Dynasty XI being the winner of this period of instability and ushering in a new age that begins the Middle Kingdom. There's so many historical periods that Koei could venture into. It would be fun to see this and learning history first hand while gaming.

[@BlueSideUp77]

It's as if Egypt experiments with feudalism during the time of the first intermediate period. Your opinion of that idea?

[@tawan20082008]

@Cy are you from LA? how about a meet and greet with your subscribers ? or maybe we can get a coffee if you’re not interested in a whole meet/greet thing

[@HistorywithCy]

South OC, though I'm right now with family on the east coast. Will be back later on this month. I think that's a great idea, maybe we can do it this summer. I'm just thinking what might be a good spot since LA is so spread out. I would have recommended a museum or a place like that but I think the whole reserving ticket system would be a bit of a hassle for many. Let me think about a date and time, and then I can send out something to the viewers about a venue that might be more convenient for the greatest number of those planning to attend. Thanks again for the suggestion!

[@tawan20082008]

awesome !! looking forward to it !

[@IosifStalin2]

Amun is pleased…..he told me so last night.

[@HistorywithCy]

😂 Haha I hope so... it was around 4am when I uploaded this last night! Thanks so much for watching, really appreciate it... D12 on the way!

[@CraftsmanOfAwsomenes]

6:28 I think you mean.

[@HistorywithCy]

9th, yes! Slip of the tongue but thanks for catching that!

[@thefloggvlog3335]

That was gangsta...

[@evalationx2649]

There is a theory that the sacking of the Abydos tombs wasn't done by the King of Lower Egypt but by forces from Upper Egypt on order of the Upper Egyptian Pharaoh and then blamed on the Pharaoh of Lower Egypt. Lower Egypt was winning the war on the battlefield up until this point and Upper Egypt needed help. Upper Egypt is where the best scribes and schools were, so it makes sense Upper Egypt would've had a better propaganda machine at their disposal than the Lower Egyptian monarchs. Possibly histories first "False Flag"? If the theory is even correct. It would be real Game of Thrones if true.

[@ZxZ239]

How did the ruler of Thebes who were under seige able to in very short time defeated the attacker and took over all of his land? Did he used his Uno Reverse card?

[@thomasfisher8793]

This dynasty was in power during the time of the Biblical Patriarchs

[@beepboop204]

👍

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks!

[@beingsneaky]

What the heck are they doing with the human legs??

[@davidbarber3821]

How do you kno all this Cy??? 😄🤣

[@HistorywithCy]

Lots and lots of books and a few lectures... for this one, sources in vid description. Thanks for watching...now on to Dynasty 12!

[@davidbarber3821]

@@HistorywithCy Thank u for sharing wht you've learned

[@RaimoKangasniemi]

The 9th and 10th dynasties of Egypt are getting mixed here, apparently on purpose. The 9th dynasty, according to the standard egyptological view, was a short-lived one, reigning only a few decades. The 10th, portrayed here as a brief challenger to the 9th, lasted close to a century and it was the 10th which was defeated by the eleventh around 2140 BCE based on current understanding. I usually enjoy the videos on this channel, but when an author is following what is not the established view, but apparently their own theory, it should be brought out.

[@loke6664]

Wikipedia say that the House of Kheti was the ninth but it sure is short on details about both. I don't doubt you that there are people who have a different order but Cy isn't just making things up. Wikipedia is not a perfect source but it usually points towards the popular view. To be honest is dynasty 7-10 a total mess and we could discuss if any of them were a real dynasty since none of them had the power of earlier or later dynasties and more were figureheads.

[@HistorywithCy]

Hi, thanks for your comment. If ever I am giving my opinion, theory or the non-established view, I will definitely tell you; I have not done that in this program. As I have stated numerous times in practically every video of this series, there are always differing opinions and, as mentioned in the episode preceding this, the 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th dynasties are probably the most mysterious given the lack of information about the so-called First Intermediate Period. Some have even said that the 9th and 10th are the same family and should not be separate. As far as I can tell and from the relatively recent sources I've used (which you check out via the link in the video description), the 9th Dynasty from Herakleopolis, a.k.a. the House of Khety, was the longer of the two. That is what I have gathered to still be the prevailing view, not my opinion or theory. In addition, the Wikipedia source that you are citing for the length of the 9th Dynasty, The Cambridge Ancient History, is quite old. I also have a digital copy of the entire set, but the sources I've used are generally more recent. Thanks.

[@HistorywithCy]

@@loke6664 I agree that Wikipedia is NOT a perfect source. That's why, with the exception of images, I don't use it. For me, the info has to be in a published book of some repute. Thanks!

[@RaimoKangasniemi]

@@HistorywithCyI thank you for the response and respect your position, but I'm not using Wikipedia as the source and never would. That would be putting an argument on clay legs. The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt(2000) does propose that the 9th and the 10th possibly were of the same lineage, but it also puts down the separation between 6-8th dynasties as 'accidental divisions', quotes Manetho's duration for the 10th as a support for archaeological estimation that the First Intermediate period lasted two centuries and goes to suggest that Mentuhotep II was not a member of the 11th dynasty family. (Pages 107-109, 128, 139-141 in the 2003 edition.) So when giving up the established divisions and chronology, where to stop? Like I said, I enjoy your videos, but in this case I felt had to made a comment. Probably shouldn't have. Still, looking forward to your future videos.

[@RaimoKangasniemi]

@@loke6664I am not suggesting that he is making it up, I am suggesting that he is giving a non-standard view of the 9th and the 10th dynasty and that should have, in my opinion which ofc can be very wrong, been brought up. If the 9th and 10th dynasties are accepted as separate entities, then the 10th lasted longer based on sources. Aka Manetho. No one 4100 years ago of course thought they were living under a 9th, 10th or 11th dynasty, so the whole division is, admittedly, more of a convenience.

[@ohlangeni]

The Last Pharaoh was Yesebokuamani defeated in 400AD circa by King Ezana of Aksum (Ethiopia). The name Yesebokuamani (the mirror image of Amani) is appears to be the same language spoken by Suthu and Nguni people of South Africa. Yisibukoamani = Nguni Kesebokoamani = Sotho. Co-incidentally, the 2010 DNA Study of Amarna Mummies of the 18th Dynasty (verified by DNA Tribes in 2013) found that the closest living genetic relatives of Ancient Egyptians are modern Black South Africans who are primarily Sotho and Nguni. The Autosomal Genetic study is available on JAMA. See also the DNA Study of Unknown Man E published by Zhaki Hawass in 2013.

[@ohlangeni]

What I like about this channel is that it uses the actual portrait of the Pharaohs rather than a Western Euro image to represent this Ancient African population.

[@cuidadocomomatheus]

idk why tf would somepne use a western portrait

[@ohlangeni]

@@cuidadocomomatheus History books in Western countries, popular publications like the National Geographic and Social Media (including You tube) channels present ancient Egyptians as White Caucasian Eurasians, de-Africanising that East African population.

[@SpaceElephanth]

p

[@Andu_music]

These in the old dynasty were mostly brown and black africans. You can see by their nose and lips. Northern sudanese and southern egyptians people facial features.

[@me67galaxylife]

No that’s just your racist myths, they weren’t black

[@MikeScott-ez7iw]

My brother's and sister's we can't let Egypt steal African culture 🧫 we have to educate this generation of black student's period 💯 true facts

[@yaredasrat-lw1wd]

Appreciated your effort and explanations about the history of Africa, but you are fear to mention about black pharaohs why is that???? if you did not mention by you we/I Understand from variety of scholars ..... You have to proud of African civilization. Thanks.

[@MikeScott-ez7iw]

I know people who visit the museums in Egypt and Berlin told me the mummies were African I look online it's obvious they were African people 💯

[@AFRICA4AFRICANS]

CY…Was the ancient started by BLACK AFRICANS?…..

[@MikeScott-ez7iw]

Europeans and Mediterranean people don't have black eyes 👀 African and black people do period 💯 true facts

[@MikeScott-ez7iw]

Fake 🤥 News 📰 King 👑 Tut mummie was African his grandmother Queen 👑 Tiye was African Queen 👑 Nerfertiti was African not white Egyptian woman 💯