How a Hard Disk Drive Works

[@BangMaster96]

To people who continuously ask, how can someone invent all of this. This is not merely work on one individual person, Engineering is a field that builds on top of previously uncovered knowledge. This is work of hundreds of individuals who have made contributions over centuries and centuries, through their work in Mathematics, or Physics, or any other discipline related to those two. The knowledge acquired by individuals over centuries has allowed us to build everything you see around you today. This wasn't invented in a single day. But, regardless, it's still amazing how the knowledge is understood and applied by Engineers to build these machines.

[@Violant3]

I explained this to a comment moments before scrolling down and reading yours, better explanation than mine

[@theadel8591]

You forgot chemistry and chemical engineers' contributions to this topic.

[@adanc101]

Imagine how nanotechnology will fit into the present accumulated knowledge of science and technology

[@Deathrape2001]

STFU!! It's evil satanic spirit technology and like the pyramids & people can't move big rocks around, they can't design electronics either. So-called 'engineering' is just a smoke screen cult where aliens materialize components they $ell. Get it straight =)

[@pupstermobster8567]

Which raises the conundrum of a generation of students needing to learn more than the previous generation due to the build up of inventions and knowledge, wouldn't you say?

[@jordanfranck]

feels like I watching a 90s documentary with that music. kinda digging it too

[@jbway86]

Considering she was running windows xp, it may hv not been far from it

[@bunjier4041]

@@jbway86 Look at the corner of the screen, you can see the date was 1/10/2014 and support for XP ended on 4/8/2014.

[@bunjier4041]

@@jbway86 6:48

[@jbway86]

@@bunjier4041 didn't see that timestamp actually. But its still extremely possible

[@bunjier4041]

@@jbway86 I mean, Seagate is a pretty old-school mechanical hard drive company, so it follows that their method of producing educational films lol

[@murdoch3396]

The concept of anything being just a few atoms thick amazes me. Such a feat of engineering and to consider this type of technology started way back in the 1950s.

[@vincemarenger7122]

4:35 That's the keyboard of someone who understands stuff quite a bit

[@martinkuliza]

LOL........ but.. you don't see any RGB Lights because that's just poofy and for gamers WE ARE NOT PLAYING GAMES HERE :P

[@michaelmartinez486]

Doing a research project on HDDs. Learned how one of the founders of the company (Shugart) used to work for IBM and was tasked with consolidating data stored on thousands of punch cards. The data on the punch cards was essentially the 1s and 0s explained in the video. So insane how after so much advancement in the technology, the fundamental step of reading 1s and 0s (true/false, north/south) is what governs the whole mechanism's structure.

[@KingTaterthot]

She's pretty good at explaining something so complex.

[@dinkolukin]

no she isnt.

[@adcd31]

@@dinkolukin she is, I finished my essay because of her hahahahahah

[@Michael-kz5nc]

The mark of a master

[@Deathrape2001]

Except I'm sure they never want 2 explain why they all 'magically' fail within a few years, while real brands of hard drives keep on trukin' =)) WD is also $hit.

[@michaelmartinez486]

@@Deathrape2001 What brands would you recommend? Got a 1TB seagate drive that I've had for at least 5 years and am suddenly worried i'm gonna magically lose it all one day

[@jayyoutube8790]

Amazing someone could engineer such a device..

[@SyntheticFuture]

This is layers of engineering across many years of development and many, many people are involved in this. The first magnetic drives where nowhere near as elaborate ;)

[@TheZombiesAreComing]

Pretty amazing though and difficult to understand how the concept came into being in the first place.

[@blazeaglory]

Yeah reeeeeeeal complicated...A magnet a disk and a copper head...Wow. So complicated.

[@lerquian1970]

D Harlo yeah, just ignore all the optimizations and design improvements that has been done

[@jahlijahman]

@@blazeaglory you probably think you're really cool for making it seem like it isn't a complicated topic

[@juan_1oo1o47]

That's high tech , very precise piece of art and technology

[@Nordic_Noctowl]

I understood some of those words. 10/10

[@martinkuliza]

LOL........ woooah easy there fella More than 1 word understood per day and you might faint LOL

[@deadchannel5933]

*Main components:* Case Platters Actuator Printed Circuit Board *Other components:* R/W Heads Spindle Motor Actuator magnets Heads Ramp *Hard Drive's main role:* To store all the data, in this case: as magnetic regions and bits on the platters that are coated with a magnetic film.

[@alchemy1]

bits, data, 0,1. They do not exist. They are human abstraction, human language for folks who don't understand physics. When yoiu look at what actually is going on is, magnetic field in the case of hard drive. North pole cause current to flow one way, and south pole cause current to flow the other way. It is these oscillations that transport energy that we experience and perceive as words, pictures, sound, etc. Human perception as the brain operate. Energy stored in either magnetic fiedl or electric field. Capacitors in whatever form or other names, store energy in electric field and it also has oscillations. The problem with computer science is the real thing is hidden and covered up with abstractions. Machine language. Nope, wrong. it is not machine language, it is our language. Machines do not read 0 and 1. You won't find it anywhere, no such thing. You animate 0 and 1 as if it is actually spitting out of that head. It doesn't. How stupid. But the stupidity is repeated bilions of times and then it becomes a substitute for the actual. And it works. And when you push it, where is the 0 and 1, they will show you the animations... that is right.

[@Itz_Hawks]

@@alchemy1 we live using abstract concepts no because they are truths by because they make progress possible.

[@alchemy1]

@@Itz_Hawks Yea tell me about it. Worse yet, language itself is an abstraction. So everything I said is an abstraction. Using abstraction to explain abstraction.... Oh my.

[@everest0411]

Finally, a very understandable beginner level introduction that I can lean about the HDD technology. I am not in IT field, this video helps me to understand the principle of a HDD. Thank you very much.

[@warpspeedpower]

Excellent explanation, especially for newbies wondering how these things work. There's a lot of science that goes into this. The only downside is that Seagate do not put as much effort into quality control and quality parts as Western Digital. WD have far less defective drives, and drives that break prematurely. Which is why their warranties tend to be longer and their drives more expensive.

[@siddhantchavan1041]

Yeah as if a non technical person understood how transducer works lol

[@georgederisse9564]

Very useful informations. You have not only the knowledge but the ability to explain every details of the process. I learn a lot from your video and I will follow you. Thanks to Seagate and the engineer.

[@สมชายสุขมาก]

Very good video. I have ever worked with Seagate from 1994 to 2001. In Thailand. Seagate is Very good company.

[@BestjeJust]

Next video from Seagate: How a Hard Disk Drive Fails

[@sultanahmed9694]

yeh I have seagate 500 gb laptop hdd failed!

[@aghosh11]

@@sultanahmed9694 Mine Seagate Backup Plus external drive failed within 2 months with minimal use... 😂😂

[@Deathrape2001]

Let it fall onto it's side, about 3 inches, like doing a push up = failure =)) Randomly fail 4 'no reason at all' losing all data instantly = typical. Seagate is junk. I read something about them using platters where the $hit literally flakes off inside! LOL!! They overheat, R noisy, & constantly doing random 'maintenance' clicky $hit even when working 'properly' = so lame = useless trash.

[@edward3709]

that is funny, after reading all these comments im surprised my laptop of 3 years with a 2tb seagate hasnt broken down yet

[@Deathrape2001]

If your data is on a Seagate, seriously U need 2 back all that $hit up onto a real hard drive, like a samsung, or even a Hitachi. Seagate is the worst of 'modern' drives. B 4 that it was junk like 'Micropolis'. The corporation is run by azzholes who pretend gouging & scamming to run the flood waters through the industrial park in Thailand with WD after undercutting competitors via 'dumping' ($ubsidizing) then buying them up & pretending there is a 'shortage' is some kind of big sick joke that earns them 'respect'. No, your products are $hit & I will just keep buying 'pre either' drives from other brands like pre-Seagate Samsung (B 4 U $tole the name & peddle $eagate GARBAGE in it's 'name'). Samsung (pre-seagate) are the most reliable drives I've ever used, but NOTHING is perfect =) Some die yes...

[@Emil-yd1ge]

Incredible technology! It's hard to believe that this head can move so extremly precisely at a huge speed. Wow.

[@Manuzoka1996]

Yeah, Johann S. Bach! lol

[@asif_mojtoba]

Why those people disliked this video! What were actually they expecting from here?

[@Hassaanrulz]

thanks for clarifying, i had no clue which lady u were talking about

[@paulanderson3772]

Probably pesky kids.

[@anonymlife4361]

Dislikers feel shame and accept how they are stupid and lazy in contrast of this lady, especially i mean gorls

[@dcentnigeria2438]

Meanwhile some people can't differentiate between Like and Dislike Icon

[@previousslayer]

Probably quality Seagate products xD (j/k I haven't had as much trouble with Seagate stuff as the Internet... knock on wood)

[@bigmansanister8716]

How can we be so precise? How can we create a magnet which is as big as a atom? How can we create a gap which is as big as an atom? All the people who have worked on these over these last 50-100 years, I am just impressed. Fair play

[@ruanjiayang]

It is just amazing that such a delicate and accurate machine is right under my hands.

[@patrickmurphy9470]

Just think this will be considered old technology in a few years with SSDs becoming the norm. Such an amazing feat of engineering .

[@johnmorley8812]

"Very simple in concept."

[@DoomFinger511]

It's more amazing, but makes the evolution of it have more sense, when you look up the original hard drive created by IBM in the 1950s. Those metal platters where a few feet across each and a dozen where stacked up. The whole thing had to be encased inside steel beams because it was so large and heavy. It was just then a matter of shrinking down the size. Also the magnetic iron particles use to go either left or right for "0" or "1". Eventually they made it go up or down, which allowed more particles to fit in the same space.

[@Dvshrma]

I understand everything but I'm sorry to say that It doesn't make any F,king sense no matter how much i tell myself that's it's science but my brain can't comprehend with all this wizardry technology

[@mashy712]

In short. Data is stored on a disk. The arm can read and write data.

[@SalimShahdiOff]

​@@mashy712he understood everything He just Can comprehend

[@michaelhatch8663]

Thank you. Your explanation is clear and concise. I am neither engineer nor physicist, but your presentation enabled me to understand how the hard drive works. It is truly fascinating!

[@seagate]

We are glad you enjoyed this video, Michael!

[@djsyntrix]

What component determines the storage capacity? Disk radius?

[@kingt.hawkings32]

I used to work on these disk drives when they first came out in the early 80's but the disk drives we're about the size of a large suitcase! I was trained on the technology by Storage Tek Corp. out of Louisville Colorado. Basically same technology but just a lot smaller.

[@currentmuvingi5936]

Thanks for opening my mind a little bit on that hard drive works

[@musa4306]

It's almost 2021 and we still find it astonishing

[@PunchDrummer]

How do we create these microscopic elements? I'd love to see a video on that.

[@justin34595]

Quite exciting to have an in-depth look into the hardware that plays a vital part of the everyday technology.

[@justaguy4real]

3:25 amazing how fast the process is handled

[@viviankris9939]

Wow, the best video on harddrive

[@loneaxolotl]

I have a seagate external hard drive, but I had no idea this is how datas are read and written. "Very simple in concept," are you kidding me?? This is an extreme level of genius. I can't!

[@StephenKwiecinski]

Informative video, thanks Seagate!

[@meganova609]

Best explanation now I understand why my HDD was not working

[@seagate]

Great, we're glad to hear that!

[@meganova609]

@@seagate Seagate thanks for replying

[@segagenesis270]

i wish i had half of this lady brain

[@jeremiahthompson5958]

Sega Genesis, I usually can't eat more than a quarter, so half is more than enough.

[@altermann221]

But, you have Blast Processing!

[@Zkdub4]

She can't be that smart, given Seagate's atrocious reputation in the industry for making unreliable Hard Drives...

[@cb1004]

Nice try zombie.

[@spacemonkey5470]

she actually seems slightly unsure of what she's talking about

[@ethanhiggins6831]

It's crazy that this technology with atom-wide components was made a while ago when technology wasn't crazy advanced like today. Stuff like this mesmerizes me.

[@styleZETTE]

Amazing, I wonder as how does the arm precisely and rapidly swing to its location despite inertia

[@legbreaker]

Human engineering in full detail. Beautiful as most of us use things on a daily base bit have no idea how it actually works

[@Deathrape2001]

It's a glorified tape recorder that puts it down in a spiral. The 'control mechanism' is the complicated bit really = the precision.

[@The_Trucker_Gamer]

It's incredible how smart these people who designed this are.

[@mohamedossama5666]

فيديو مميز شكرا يا استاذه فهو يشرح كيفية عمل الهارد ديسك و ليس مكونات الهارد ديسك بالتوفيق

[@returntothetruth1469]

Thanks ma,am Your way Of Teaching Is Excellent

[@swaroopr600]

very good explanation of a most complex device in a very simple language, Thanks

[@bobbytirlea]

Fascinating scales to mine the efficiency of magnetism! I had a general idea of the HDD functioning, but the detailed explanation, amazed nonetheless, to to find and see Lenz's law still in use everywhere, even at 200 nm size!

[@007vsMagua]

Did anyone ever win a Noble Prize for coming up with this?

[@blazeaglory]

Dude Hard Drives are the main component on nuclear duck bills

[@SanjuSingh]

Nah! But that bitchass Obama bin laden received one for doing nothing.

[@lovejago]

Ya..!! there name is :':[{]}+#*,>/';[P[{ From the Galaxy Nipo-andromead..!!!!!!

[@Violant3]

No because it wasn't inventend in a day by one person, it was slowly crafted and updated by a lot of people from different companies over a big amount of time, in fact some technology used in hard drive are older than the drive itself

[@Deathrape2001]

Nobody 'came up' with this. It evolved from tape, then oxide-coated disks, like $30,000+ for a few hundred megs, refrigerator size LOL Look into it.

[@Master__of_Orion]

This is mindblowing.

[@GereDJ2]

Q: So, is it correct that the HD heads never physically come into contact with the disc, but ride a cushion of air? Q: Will proximity to a microwave source damage or otherwise corrupt magnetically recorded data on the disc?, for example a laptop in close proximity to a microwave oven? Q: Will sudden movement, shock or jarring cause the arm/head mechanism to skip, jump or otherwise misalign, similar to an audio CD player? Q: Is there a way to dampen the shock force to a HD say, aboard a farming tractor, rocket or high shock environment?

[@johnenalstos4821]

Thank you for a great explanation. The esucational side of KZbin is definitely invaluable!

[@martinkuliza]

ok... When just explained a hard drive to that level i think it's safe to say that if you don't spell correctly when commenting.. THAT'S JUST INSULTING LOL

[@royharkins7066]

Such precision, perfect electro mechanical ballet 🥳😊

[@leodhuwa-ariya-anan9466]

Very Good and clarify understanding of the principle of HDD works. Thanks for Seagate Technology sharing details.

[@qbitsday3438]

Thanks for the Great Video , i would like to know if the HSA actuator is a closed loop if not how dose it locate a particular track /data ? Thank you in Advance.

[@YouSpirit]

SSD be like : Hmm... man, you’re too pretty cool

[@sandeeptech8]

old videos, love the Style

[@philbateman1989]

When you think about it, it's pretty incredible that you can buy an instrument THAT PRECISE for like $40. When it's explained how it works, you'd be forgiven for imagining it would be a ridiculously expensive bit of kit.

[@markryan5493]

Who came up with such witchcraft?

[@mvm932]

IBM 1956

[@nonenothingnull]

engineers.

[@Rami-vr9dy]

Engineers are the modern day wizards/shamans

[@INKILU]

Aliens

[@outplayed9324]

idk bro

[@depressedrobot2491]

amazing explanation.

[@itkhosa7068]

I have a question..? When we format a data in hard disk. For Example Hard disk space capacity is 100GB And We Full The Hard Disk Store 100 GB Data.. But when we format old data and store new data so How Recovery Software can recover The Data..?

[@fukkitful]

I don't really understand your question, but when you delete a file your not really rewriting the data on the disk. Your just deleting the information that tells the hdd's arm where to find for the data. Its not truly gone until that area of the disk is rewritten.

[@venkateshkohisultimatepowe1989]

I love you Madam good explain I am from India... thanks to you mam you gives so many important knowledge to mi🙏🙏🙏

[@seagate]

Thank you!

[@luminumlx2604]

How Seagate hard drives work: Bad sectors, stuck heads, scratches on platters

[@aidaclockrates723]

It is 3 dead barracuda 1tb HDD behind 6 years on dad PC. 11000 reallocated sectors. I have seagate momentus thin 500gb. It have only 16 reallocated sectors behind 5 years.

[@Deathrape2001]

Random catastrophic failure to rape you of your money & lose all your data! =) FUN FUN! =D

[@beedslolkuntus2070]

🤣🤣🙂😇

[@ocheinoderrick5620]

I have a habit of cooling down my external hard disks using a cold wet towel. It really works well. Temperature can drop from 52'c to 42'c in just 3 minutes. Is this method safe for the hard disk?

[@rotorthermotech1310]

So how or why does the magnetism stay so neatly positioned and in order in such a small track ? And how does the reader or riter find the correct spot ?

[@bcwbcw3741]

There are what are called servotracks or servo data written on the disk while it is in the factory. If you could see these tracks you would see a radial pattern of stripes repeating about 200 times around with disk. The radial stripe patterns are bent into an arc that matches the path followed as the actuator arm sweeps across the disk so the read head encounters the data at exactly the same time as the disk turns, no matter where the arm is positioned. The servo data is written by positioning the arm at successive radial positions and writing with the recording head so that each write exactly lines up with the next track radially forming a continuous written line across from inside to outside of the disk radius. As the read head passes over the servodata it gets a burst of 1-0-1-0-1-0-1 no matter where the head is positioned or how it is moving. At the back edge of each servodata stripe the pattern changes slightly with some writes omitted so that you a pattern that tells you the track number - 10001, then 10011, 10010 etc in a gray code. Just behind that is 1010101 again but as bursts only one track wide repeated four times with all but one of four bursts turned off. This is the ABCD pattern. These bursts are written A----,-B----,--C-, ---D at successive radial positions, each offset another half track width radially. The read head will see maximum signal for, say the B, burst when the read head is centered over the radius where the B burst was written, while the A and C bursts will be offset radially to only fall half over the read head and have half the amplitude. By comparing the A,B,C,D burst signal strengths you can determine the offset from centered within a track. (I'm simplifying a bit here because the read and write heads are not at the same radius so you have to correct for that offset.) As the disk spins, you get location information from each servodata burst and can use that to tweak the current in the actuator arm control coil magnet to push the arm in the direction it needs to go to stay on track. Position accuracy of a fraction of a track width is needed.

[@MajidGoraya]

VERY NICE

[@robertgift]

Wonderful! Thank you. Would have been better to show a drawing of theads. What is the rpm of the disk? (How many feet/second of the disk beneathead?) Does thead accidentally read more than one track buthe strongest signal is chosen? Difficulto believe thathead can be so perfectly positioned to read just one track when you have 100,000 per inch.

[@seagate]

Hi Robert! For additional questions, please contact our tech support team on our website: seagate.media/6054Ta57u Thank you.

[@robertgift]

@@seagate No.

[@shashizine1032]

Very simple in contact and amazing technology.

[@dominus6695]

How do they manage to position the heads using the magnet & a coil? Considering the size of them & how precisely the heads have to find the tracks...

[@junaidylatif6948]

Salam.... From western Digital Malaysia. Don't know how long this technology will stand. But i put my life on it!

[@eadge1999]

is the head touch the surface of disk or just take magnatic filed change and amplifing it

[@charlieangkor8649]

"domains": the head magnetizes the shiny magnetic lacquer either north pole up or south pole up. It's like 0 of the data is north and 1 is south or the other way it doesn't really matter what convention they use. But they insert some extra service 0's and 1's in between for the same reason like if a bank account number has 0000000000 in it you look at it and are not sure if it's 9 or 10 zeroes. So they insert those extra digits that don't carry any data, just to make sure there is not a long run of the same digits which would be unreliable to read. Then when the head reads the signal back from the magnetic disk it surprise surprise gets an electric signal according to how it was magnetized.

[@djfernando16]

If this is the video used to train seagate technicians, then it explain the loss in quality of the seagate drives in recent years. Cheap and cheerful.

[@Modifiedmortal]

Do they stack multiple disks and have multiple transducer on the tips, or is it 1 to 1?

[@saskiavanhoutert3190]

Hard-Drive 's are magnificent and rotate also magnificent

[@madhavpujari7391]

Very useful video......

[@cobaink]

Mindblowing.

[@HeavyFireJ]

the 90's here we come with that intro

[@JTPCovers]

I had to look at the date on this video just to be sure xD

[@Violant3]

I lold at that intro

[@outplayed9324]

yaa bro

[@jaiminupadhyay4698]

Awsome video mam but can you explain what is bad sector on hdd and it is removeble or not

[@charlieangkor8649]

Explanation for normal people: the smaller hard disk is for notebooks, the bigger for desktop PCs. The name comes from the recording disk inside, which is actually hard. At the end of this kinda tonearm there is an electromagnetic reading and writing head like in a cassette recorder. The disk is covered in the same stuff as the tape in the cassettes and turns, so it works like a casette recorder. It's just all tinier and faster. The tonearm is moved by a coil stacked between two magnets. When current goes through the coil it starts being magnetic and repels or attracts with the magnets and it moves the tonearm around.

[@chipchip808]

Thank you on behalf of all visual learners.

[@imkow]

I have a question. are those remapped sectors reported by SMART recoverable? I have been using a WD green 3TB for a year then SMART throws a warning about HD failure and replace it asap. But I checked again with WD's own HD tool , it tells normal, just a number of sectors has been remapped..

[@NalinKhurb]

The drive tries to read from the sector and when it gets errors, it tries various error correction steps that were written along with that data. If after say X number of tries, the data is still not readable without errors, that sector is marked as bad and data shifted on to the next one if it was able to read it. Your drive had remapped the sectors so the data was finally read after many tries and shifted onto the reserve sectors. Backup your data and keep a close watch on how those sector numbers rise

[@ankylosspondylos127]

What you need to look for is increasing number of sectors being marked bad. I maintain disk arrays, and I can say I've had new drives with bad sectors but the amount never changed, that's why they build spare sectors into the drives, for remapping bad ones from the manufacturing process. If the count starts to INCREASE then you have a failing drive for sure. It could die tomorrow or it could die next year, I would just replace it or use it as a scratch disk, and not put anything important on it.

[@HelloKittyFanMan]

Now let's have a video of how the latest heads are made, including how the wires are attached. Are they connected in the same way as pins to the microscopic traces of chips? Even if so, I don't know what that method is, so it would still be great to see a lot of detail of!

[@389293912]

Amazing. This lady's precision, error free language is a relief after hearing so many idiots on our airwaves who can barely string together a sentence.

[@davidbolha]

It's probably a well thought out written script. 🙄

[@k-cg4927]

Very useful .hope to see more

[@bibo3373]

Excellent video. Love the pointer.

[@jaishrichunilall7023]

This was helpful for me. Thanks

[@crustylox6597]

very simple in concept and i dont even know whos video it is seagate or edison?

[@GregSr]

Very impressive technology. Of course, like everything else, technology has moved on. For example, my home office PC doesn't have any disk drives / moving parts. It has two solid state drives each holding one TB (Terabyte) of data. Compared to disk drives, they are extremely fast and more reliable. No moving parts to wear out or fail.

[@LuigiCotocea]

Imagine scratching the disk

[@igcr1234567890]

I have a seagate barracuda, and it doenst make any sound, does that means its plain death ?

[@seagate]

Hi Alberto, we're sorry to hear you're having trouble and want to help. The best way to reach our customer care team is to submit a support ticket here: www.seagate.com/contacts/ Please let us know if you have any trouble.

[@faisalumair9075]

What process do they use to manufacture the read and write heads at that precision and size.

[@GR-ir2bu]

How can it find a location a few atoms across or a specific molecule so accurately?

[@TimSoriano]

amazing isnt it.

[@mnoruzi]

are they stored from inside toward outside?

[@automatik25]

A very smart woman. I can't wait to buy a Seagate SSD expansion for the Xbox Series X. Hopefully they make 2tb and higher by the time it releases :)

[@AmbienceFinder]

I have a question. what if you flip the hard disk on the other side and install it back into a pc.

[@0LMG]

That diabolical laught at the end of the video.

[@mr.melomaniacnextdoor6840]

LOL

[@TheRiishii]

Great video. Thanks

[@frankservant5754]

Excellent video. I learnt a lot

[@keithlincicum3691]

Hi Joanne. This video was very impressive and interesting. I smiled because it seems magnetism and a pick-up head of decades ago is still valid technology, My question is, why doesn't that incredibly powerful magnet I gotten out of drives (to test for grades of stainless steel) does not erase the info on the disk.

[@jjgerald7877]

This is what we were creating in the 1970s, hard disks. Adopting and popularizing hard drives for computer use. In fact, I knew I co-own hard disk companies such as Seagate, Maxtor, Toshiba, Western Digital, Conner etc. It was also with me, a geniuis kid then, were microSDs and flashdrives invented. In fact, I was the one setting the "standards" for the computer industry, for the 1980s to the future. I am supposed to own or co-own the tech giants Apple, Microsoft, Google, Yahoo, Facebook, IBM, Intel, AMD, Samsung, etc. but kept from me, betrayed. We pioneered modern computing, even quantum computing and neuromorphic computing. Perhaps Western Digital became dominant now because of me; I co-own it. They remember my legacy and connection to me and use it to assert their worth. I planned and invented technologies of Sandisk, Kingston Tech, and Lexar etc. Now, they are on top. It would be great if these companies pay me.

[@blueguy5588]

Really incredible stuff.

[@anttiolavihelin]

Years ago I took apart a hard disk. I still have three platforms which could be fuctional. The problem is the right order and side of all three platforms. How am I suppose to recognize the right order and side of each platform since there isn't any markings on the platforms about the right side nor order? I would really like to know how to figure the order and side out since I could try my platforms with working hard disk case anyhow.

[@seagate]

Hi! For more specific questions, please contact our customer support team on our website: www.seagate.com/contacts/ They will be able to help you directly. Thank you.

[@benedictmendes2202]

very impressive and informative knowledge when utilise for good makes the world a better place to be in