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The Mediterranean - or, as the Romans called it, Mare Nostrum (our sea) - was always The world known to the Romans, the heart of the classical world; Plato compared the Greeks to their coastal cities, to frogs around a pond.
By Plato's time, Greek scholars knew the entire extent of the sea, from the Pillars of Hercules to the Nile Delta, and had divided its coasts into the three continents of Europe, Asia and Africa. Alexander the Great's campaigns familiarized the Middle East and Central Asia. to the classical cartographers.
And the Romans, with their far-reaching conquests and enormous trade networks, came to know a lot about the Old World. In the mid-2nd century, the Roman mathematician Claudius Ptolemy produced a map of the known world, systematically assigning latitudes and longitudes to some 8,000 locations on the three continents.
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