How Fast Is It - 06 - Gravitational Lensing

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In this segment of the “How Fast Is It” video book, we cover gravitational lensing. First, we illustrate how the light is bent, followed by some Einstein Ring examples. We then cover the lens itself: how it magnifies; how it distorts; and how images are mapped back to the source celestial object. We also cover critical curves that can magnify an object by thousands of times. We use Abell 68 and MACS 1206 as examples. We cover flickering quasars and how they can be used to calculate the Hubble constant. We follow that with multiple Type 1a supernovae image timings that can also be used to calculate the Hubble constant. We use the supernova Refsdal with its Einstein Cross as an example. We then cover lensing galaxies like Hamilton’s Object, Starburst Arc and Abell 1689-zD1. We finish with lensing stars namely Icarus and Earendel.
Music
@00:00 Rachmaninoff - Symphony No. 2 Adagio - Sofia Philharmonic Orchestra; from the album “Sergie Rachmaninoff Symphony No. 2”, 2011
@14:37 Rachmaninoff - Piano Concerto No 2 in C minor - from the album “The Most Relaxing Classical Music Ever”, 1993
@23:30 Rachmaninoff - Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini - Variation 18 - from the album “The Most Relaxing Classical Music Ever”, 1997

[@ARandomSub]

I have been through all of your series and want to express my gratitude for your content!

[@Hecarim420]

ツ

[@neutechevo]

The most comprehensive highest level and quality science-astronomy knowledge channel. Second to none.. Thank you Professor.

[@shazanali692]

This is what KZbin was made for

[@ihateyoutubecomments8100]

Hell yeah. No channel like it.

[@rezadaneshi]

There are no other sites like yours Dr. Butler. My only request is more please.

[@Dodoskee]

I love the simple way you explain complex concepts. The wineglass example is pure genius. Thank you! I have been following your videos for years and I'm sure people are going to do so for years to come.

[@SnakeBush]

Sagan would be proud of you sir

[@soin74]

As per usual, the best explanation on KZbin. Those examples with a bottom of a glass and a swimming pool are so simple yet brilliant.

[@thenatureofnurture6336]

How in the world could you be a judge of the matter?

[@pianiman]

I'm sure you're not the first to use a wine glass as a demonstration of lensing (optical and gravitational) but it's the first time I've ever seen it used that way. These concepts aren't new to me but this demonstration explained it so intuitively and so completely that I am awestruck all over again.

[@dcozombieloverr7115]

Thank you for making these videos.

[@censortube3778]

Thank you MR Butler, have enjoyed many of your excellent videos !

[@kayakkeywestwithnativeconc1974]

Best Channel EVER.

[@jeffyowell]

Really great in every way.

[@dreadnoughtus2598]

Love your videos. Accurate and informative. Excellent example of an educational KZbin channel.

[@thenatureofnurture6336]

How are you able to assess the accuracy of the information presented?

[@dreadnoughtus2598]

@@thenatureofnurture6336 jebus told me in visions.

[@maxq3372]

Awesome!! Thank you Mr David... 😬

[@ahmadpcgaming]

Adding this to my “sleep science” playlist. Great work as always!

[@debras1503]

I’m a newbie to this channel and I LOVE IT

[@208billscafe]

Thank you sir. There are tons of explanation but yours is so easy to pick up and learn.

[@dragobrumen2051]

My long time questions about gravitational lensing were answered here in a perfect way. Thank you and I am really looking forward watching your other videos. TOP content!!!

[@Redeyeclipse]

I miss your videos glad see you still uploading

[@jeremyindenver]

Excellent work! I really appreciate that you let the amazing science speak for itself and don't feel the need to add a bunch of sound effects and try to make it "cool" this is all fascinating by itself!

[@Centrodemasa]

Thaks a lot mr Butler....from Chile🇨🇱

[@francisturgeon3333]

Always a pleasure to see your video even if I don't always completely understand I love it and always ready to see more thank you for your good work Merci :)

[@ryanmartin8557]

David, Thank you.

[@danielvesga2836]

I am truly astonished by the level of clarity you give to all your explanations 😮

[@Artsmitica]

WONDERFULLY CRAFTED

[@wytewizzard]

Always the best content. Thank you sir for all you do

[@danieldevito6380]

We should be thankful for gravitational lensing because it has allowed us to see stars that had formed just a could hundred million years after the Big Bang.

[@staffanadelqvist4130]

Thank you so much David, I enjoy every video you make. Very interresting and informative. Cheers from Sweden

[@harrypothead]

I love space and physics and i love your videos.

[@diegoalejandrosanchezherre4788]

Awesome!!!!

[@willem9688]

A whole video book about gravitational lensing, just wonderful. Thank you very much for your effort Mr Butler. I've been watching your videos for years and they've been changing my view on life and the world we live in, in a very positive way. And now I can tell my 8 year old son about the wonders of nature and the universe. Much love from The Netherlands.

[@proofoftruthinpolitics1809]

You are one of the greats, imho. I love your wine glass explanation. Cheers!

[@georgiaguardian4696]

This is the most valuable and also useful video I watched today. Thank you. Glad to have found the channel since few years ago. I don’t immediately understand all explanations quickly but you make them make sense. It’s incredible we can measure such far away things in such great precision for future prediction and explanations. I am sending and sharing this to my young children.

[@ramkumars2329]

wine glass example is a perfect one!!!!!

[@thenatureofnurture6336]

Ever considered that the metaphor might be easy to grasp and appear to map onto the phone's but still not represent the reality?

[@LesterWayneDobos]

I’ve gained better self knowledge when gazing at the night stars thanks to Mr. Butler. Thanks for enhancing my perceptions of where I stand on earth, surrounding close stars imagining the size of the Milky Way then gaining a better picture of that size in relation to other distant galaxies! 🔭🔭

What a day! Another video by Mr. Butler, what could be better?!

[@thindigital]

Sometimes the algorithm bestows its blessing. Im gonna be a while watching the whole channel twice.

[@inotmark]

Great stuff.

[@bimblinghill]

Thanks so much for sharing these brilliant videos

[@scottroberts2755]

Thank you David, as always your videos are amazing and exceptionally informative!

[@alancalder25]

Thank you, this is really interesting to watch love it.

[@ryryguy321]

Always a treat when Mr. Butler graces us with another great lecture. Thank you, David!

[@YogSoth]

David Butler is incredibly underrated. The man is a creative genius right up there with Tolkien or Lewis or Asimov. The detail he puts into the lore is just outstanding. I love how he mixes in historical facts and real word circumstances into his work, it really makes it totally immersive. And that’s not even mentioning the images! I don’t know if he uses traditional methods or cgi, but I don’t even really care. The realism and imagination are just top notch. I’m always looking forward to the next chapter.

[@ronenshtein7083]

"Creative", "lore", "immersive", "cgi", "realism", "imagination". Either I'm taking crazy pills or you believe all of this to be some sort of a narrative story and not the real world as is clearly observed by normal people using real technology???

[@renecastro6110]

Majestic video. Enjoyed from start to finish. Beautiful ways to illustrate the different principles involved in gravitational lensing. This is very valuable for me and enables me to now comprehend gravitational lensing in a more thorough way. Thank you very much.

[@ingolf17]

Glad to hear from you David ;)

[@RamzH-og3zu]

Love the way you explain things. Have been watching your vids for past three years... and I’m still learning. Thank you.

[@fanofhumidity]

Thanks, David!

[@maimedlord6999]

You are a great benefit to the world Mr. Butler!

[@thenatureofnurture6336]

Godly victim narrative! Now that's rich.

[@doctorona]

Thank you David!

[@fisheye42]

"My god, it's full of stars." I’m enjoying your guided space odyssey!

[@stephenpomfret5068]

Breathtaking information thanks

[@vladcimpeanu]

Thank you for taking us with you on you journeys, engaged in this wonderful exploration of our visible universe, from quarks to galactic clusters. I can't express how much I have learned and gained from this channel!

[@woody5109]

Dave is our Einstein

[@dexter_gd3478]

I really enjoy all your content.

[@abdominalsnowman5848]

Love your work, Love your channel… keep it up….

[@Thex-W.I.T.C.H.-xMaster]

Nice work 👏.

[@SimonSozzi7258]

Just wonderful

[@tk423b]

Thank you David.

[@PouleFrisee]

Amazing content David! Thanks, keep it up.

[@gravelpit5680]

Thanks for the video drop. Thoughtful and informative as always.

[@thenatureofnurture6336]

Are you making fun? Liars can be described as thoughtful and informative.

[@b01tact10n]

Astro Physicist David Butler's video posts are awesome! Id rather watch these vids rather than the other channels that offer just computer simulation views. This guy knows his stuff!👍👍

[@keybutnolock]

Perhaps indeed. Thanks for sharing.

[@chandratarabashyal189]

Thanks for excellent information

[@chandorreas]

Still traveling together in this amazing journey in the space and time..

[@bishopdredd5349]

this was amazing! so well told, enjoyed it and learned a lot!

[@mrrn100]

Best spent 30 minutes you can imagine, Science at her best.

[@hazhihamza9561]

U r like a teacher that i present in every lecture with all my focus and interest thank my lovely teacher ❤

[@RP-mm9ie]

thanks, David!

[@luismiguellarios]

Gracias David, una maravilla como siempre.

[@trebell885]

Puts mi 2sleep☯️ thank you David 🌍

[@drivewaystar6485]

This is absolutely incredible.

[@anthellis]

Thank you for sharing you wealth of knowledge.

[@dejan5736]

Thank you, sir

[@miguelnevoeiro]

thanks you!

[@user-kb6mj7zq8t]

So, of course, we are only able to look back so far into the past. However, in theory, because of gravitational lensing, we may be able to look significantly further than the limit we would be able to see without gravitational lensing. So, in a sense, there may be examples of gravitational lensing we have yet to see or find that could allow us to see further back than we've ever seen. It's a pretty exciting proposal and possibility. With all that said, you are a magnificent teacher and presenter. I I sincerely hope you have another twenty years in you. Much love. ✌🏻

[@oldschoolman1444]

Fascinating

[@kirbymarchbarcena]

I'm amazed as to how image processing of any picture has improved as years go by.

[@hafiz5001]

Nice and knowledgeable video thanks ❤😂

[@TheJavaDevelopment]

I don't understand anything about the video, but I enjoy watching it to sleep.

[@eyesyc]

Thank you for compiling such beautifully narrated and scored content on our universe.

[@TheCosmicGuy0111]

Nice

[@jomon723]

Amazing distance ✨✨

[@JafoTHEgreat]

TLDR: what an amazing channel. 23:17 That's absolutely astonishing, it has the same ratio of dust to total mass as mature galaxies today. The universe made a galaxy 700 million years after the big bang. Thats less than half the time life has been on earth to form (2 bln yrs). Life may be a bit older but you get the idea. Maybe time and mass moved faster in the beginning, since the universe didnt have so far to disperse matter. As space grew, time stretched, making it to what it is today. A toy boat in a bathtub will be affected by a child splashing than a child splashing in a swimming pool.

[@gravelpit5680]

It reminds us, the stars are alive when view and predict supernovae appearences getting lensed. They arent old photographs, theyre old videos.

[@FernandoScarpelli]

god this was a beutiful experience

[@griffith500tvr]

Hi David, do you know the nearest gravitational lens in the northern hemisphere? We might try to have a go at imaging one of these objects, we are extremely well equipped amateurs but this will be a difficult undertaking, we know already that we will not be the first amateurs who have succeeded.

[@abdulmughees4651]

I have one question this applies on body with solid mass aligned to each other. But in case of galaxies it is the dark matter, dust and above all emptness? Plus I was able to understand the example of wine glass but its different in outer space? Please clear my thoughts on this.

[@ronenshtein7083]

Solidness is not really relevant here - in the same way that the glass of the wine glass or the water of the pool bend light traveling thru it, "spacetime" bends light traveling thru it. Think of spacetime as a collection of paths, and light has to move on a path (can't move off this path). Mass and energy are able to curve spacetime, meaning that these paths that the light takes are now curved / lensed as well.

[@prashantksinha9464]

Wow

[@videostorageforstudio]

❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️

[@EricMalette]

I think ESO stands for European Southern Observatory 2:32

[@griffith500tvr]

Hi, typically, how long does a gravitational lens last?

[@howfarawayisit]

billions of years.

[@griffith500tvr]

@@howfarawayisit This obviously does not apply to lensed stars

[@reginaldbauer5243]

@@howfarawayisit Excellent video. Always top quality. Does this explanation of gravitational lensing apply to the Big Bang? If so, how?

[@pirrracy]

Goodnight folks😴...

[@LesterWayneDobos]

Since the JWST is discovering early galaxies which are older than the big bang itself, is the big bang theory not legitimate anymore? Also, Eric Lerner in his book the big bang never happened describes an alternate theory The Plasma alternative. At which I thought was pretty great, basically depicting magnetism and "currents" I'd like to know the thoughts behind that. Thank you for great content.

[@thenatureofnurture6336]

He's in his twilight years. He's going to simply keep repeating the dogma.

[@renecastro6110]

They are not older than the big-bang itself, they are just farther away in light-years.

[@iambiggus]

There is no Plasma "Theory". In order for an idea to move out of hypothesis and into working scientific theory, it needs to meet certain criteria, which it hasn't. And because it was broken from the start being based on incorrect math and incomplete observations, it never will. It's not an alternate theory. It's not a theory at all, it's a website to peddle Plasma Balls.

[@otomo129]

JWST is merely proving the big bang date needs to be pushed back even more, than the universe is way older than the current estimates, nothing more, so far.

[@thenatureofnurture6336]

@@otomo129 Wrong is wrong. When super arrogant people who have been pushing ridiculous explanations like dark matter and dark energy for years and keep getting surprised by novel data insist how perfect and unassailable their explanations are because they did calculations, yes, to me it's more evidence of the unscientific consensus opinion dominating the discourse.

[@chevy5Gen]

👍

[@SedatKPunkt]

👏🏼👏🏼👏🏽👍🏿👏🏿👏🏾👏🏽

[@maskettaman1488]

are those covered in poop? lol

[@louishudon47]

The question being... "How many celestial object are at the right place and at the right time?" If we don't know, everything is relative in the sky. Perhaps the answer is in the movement... if we travel toward a point, we will reach this point. Is the light speed necessary?

[@Past10Performance]

When you think about the fact that many of the stars we see are millions of years old and gone allready and the fact the universe is accelerating apart we would definitely need FTL travel to travel anywhere outside of local space.

[@TheJerryRN]

Bro I!

[@justg2310]

🥰

[@user-pv9tl4wz5l]

I am guessing you already know the Earliest Planets are beyond any visibility Spectrum as Erendel was circa 1AU in diameter and had the luminosity x100 of our Sun. The maximum size of any planes we know are under 500KM and have no direct luminosity.

[@SeaHero]

Is our universe the only universe?

[@howfarawayisit]

By definition. The word 'universe' means 'all that there is'.

[@navneetjha7289]

✍

[@satanofficial3902]

"A singularity is composed largely of habit as a predisposition arising from pinball machines with better street planning. It's mind boggling by any stretch of the imagination during a major escalation in the standoff between gravitational lensing and potato salad. Binary code symbols seem to be attracted to potted plants, challenging the long-standing idea that nutrition details on cereal boxes demand answers to questions about substantive explanations regarding specific issues. Thunderstorms with gusts up to hurricane force with extra cheese have the ability to create zombies shaped into dune buggies. You've probably heard the old adage that creating a getaway in the backwoods will need banana pudding snack packs to make a dramatic difference. It's good to have a reminder that black holes play a leading role in preserving and sustaining the unique ecology of chord melody arrangements in standard notation of fruit juices. Unsightly dandruff can be verified with modern analysis technologies when today is the first day after yesterday, venturing away from the mainstream consensus. It’s actually quite a bit of fun and be psychologically and spiritually prepared to power through tough grease and grime created by electromagnetic wave pressures, if you catch my drift." ---Albert Einstein

[@thenatureofnurture6336]

😂

[@renecastro6110]

whut

[@kyejones9962]

I read your post the it's the speed of how comfortable I was when the author thinks about sound in space knowing the black words of his voice was the distribution of light around shapes that marked my place when I looked up because I couldn't finish with so many distractions and I'd like to sleep now after that