How Ice Age Cycles Created Baylys Beach, NZ

[@whatshappenedhere1784]

It's criminal how little subscribers this channel has. World class geology communicators

[@OutThereLearning]

Thanks for your appreciation!

[@PureGlide]

agreed!

[@hippopotamus6765]

The majority of reprobates are busy listening to their rap music, thinking about how to be cool.

[@fredio54]

Consider renaming and promoting it? Out there learning may well be the case, but it sounds dull. Though yt fame and ad revenue may nit be your primary drivers consider them a means to an end of educating and enlightening vastly more people than it currently is. My 2c.

[@CrazyRobitz]

​@hippopotamus6765 your talking about 1%. The majority are watching tiktoks and reels😅. Its very rare for adults/parents to be interested in Geology, im always told docos are boring. Education to a lot of people is boring, meaning they struggle to engage their minds. I come from a little small town that had the minimum of topics at school, but i love watching this type of content because there's so many why's and what ifs and history. How doe's ones mind go day by day not thinking,just watching meaningless reality shows or people flaunting their materialistic things they have slaved for🤷‍♂️.

[@donhargrave5376]

I grew up at Baylys Beach, and we were told about the lignite layers, but not how they were formed. Lignite was wonderful fuel for fires in the winter. Thanks very much.

[@OutThereLearning]

@@donhargrave5376 thanks for your comment

[@iammattbarker]

No one does it better than Bruce Hayward.

[@Pete856]

Good stuff. Geologists are like the forensic scientists of the Earth.

[@3Kiwiana]

Sometimes they are.

[@warrenchinn4114]

This channel has saved KZbin (and my sanity ..). Absolutely superb classical geomorphology. The stuff I grew up with. Please keep it up. Many thanks 😊

[@OutThereLearning]

We'll do what we can, Cheers!

[@jexiagalleta]

If you enjoy this, maybe check out old Time Team episodes, too

[@rosiepack1081]

so much information! explaining the layers through time is amazing, thank you for a wonderful program

[@OutThereLearning]

Thanks for your appreciation!

[@lesterwyoung]

Fascinating! I lived in Dargaville for many years and never knew much of this.

[@boydgoldsbury586]

out there learning is the best you-tube channel such interesting and well made videos

[@OutThereLearning]

We have no problem with extreme flattery - Thanks :-)

[@socialweedia]

that tree stump is stunning 5:36

[@alastairbrickell8813]

Yes, it's a real beauty. Good to see all those warm periods in the graph too...we are just living in a small bit of a huge natural cycle! Thanks Bruce.

[@loganstrong9874]

I've done fossil seed/seed capsule collection at Bayley's Beach .Part from Kauri ,Miro or Matai seeds can be found plus Elaocarpus dentaus ,which today can be found in the north/south Islands ,but not Stewart Island .

[@OutThereLearning]

That is so interesting - thanks for sharing the info

[@getzvalerevich6565]

Absolutely love this channel. The knowledge flowing out of this channel is so helpful. Thank you very much!!❤

[@waynoswaynos]

Such a great talk, especially for someone born in the Auckland area, now living yonder, with a growing appreciation for geology. Thank you.

[@jexiagalleta]

As someone who grew up at Mahuta and Pouto - thank you!

[@julescaru8591]

Gosh these uploads are interesting, reading the rocks like reading a book! Thank you sir !

[@OutThereLearning]

Thanks for your appreciation!

[@PS-Straya_M8]

Absolutely love this channel, thank you for your very interesting presentation! 😁

[@OutThereLearning]

Glad you enjoy it!

[@robthomson4720]

That was a really great explanation of the geology occurring at Bayleys. I wondered what caused those layers, I assumed it was Tsunamis that created the lignite layers. I'll give my partner a full explanation next time we go out there, I'm sure she will love it😅

[@OutThereLearning]

Thanks for watching and your interest

[@craigauckram1087]

Love the programs, Williams would be proud

[@universeslap]

Unbelievable, how preserved that tree stump is. Great informations. Thank you.

[@hematiteolsen8762]

Love your videos Bruce! I did my geology degree at auckland uni but never ended working in the field. These Out There Learning videos keep me fully engaged with that world; keep them coming mate!

[@danielcobb8886]

I love these field trips. Former Earth Science student here. Thank you!

[@OutThereLearning]

@@danielcobb8886 great!

[@Itssmial_Ova]

I Love Geology because of the concept of Deep Time, Realising how old our planet is and how life persisted through all these changes. I find it comforting that Millions of years in the future, Life will no doubt still thrive despite all our efforts, and all remnants of humanity will be a short smear in the geological record, A layer of plastic and pollutants, a brief increase in Radioactive Isotopes, And then back to background of sandstone, greywacke and igneous rocks. Rock on dude, Thanks for the Videos.

[@OutThereLearning]

Thanks for your comment - a big picture perspective

[@StuffandThings_]

Its also worth noting though that due to our spread of invasive species and wiping out lots of native ones that the composition of local ecology will look _very_ different in the far future, especially in places like NZ which were isolated for tens of millions of years and developed a unique and fragile set of ecosystems. Kauri and podocarp forest persisted for nearly 100 million years in NZ but I really wonder if it could persist for much longer sans humans managing all the invasive species that have now been introduced.

[@mvl3713]

Climate change as a cycle is not as taxable as man made, cow farts and other bad policy... Fantastic video.. new subscriber...

[@jaspercooper7298]

You are a great communicator and story teller. Also a very talented sand sketcher

[@OutThereLearning]

😀

[@mbvoelker8448]

Love your sand drawings. I'm a visual thinker so a good diagram is my best way to learn.

[@JohnSmith-vs2ri]

Absolutely fabulous!

[@successfulengineer]

This is really fantastic, I cant imagine the number of cool stuff I must have just walked past in my life with no idea what they were. Love your content.

[@OutThereLearning]

Thank you!

[@fredio54]

Fascinating! Thank you both yet again! Keep them coming.

[@richjdnz]

I know so little about my own country. Geology, and the time capsules it illuminates, is incredible.

[@kiwionarope]

Fascinating stuff, appreciate your insight into the geology of NZ.

[@OutThereLearning]

@@kiwionarope thank you

[@PhilipKing-e6g]

Really good stuff i've learnt from your channel Bruce , takes me back to those early days around Thames and Rotoiti. Keep up the good work, must get in touch with you.

[@complimentary_voucher]

Thanks for adding climate context to the geology, something that is missing from so much explication. Love your work Bruce.

[@kitemuriwainz9819]

Amazin, Thanks. Could you please briefly explain how the wood and leaves etc are so well preserved in the lignite? I've spent time on this beach camping and surfing and also a lot of confused time looking at all the layers in the cliffs/dunes. The wood in amongst the lignite that crumbles awya seems like it was living only months ago. Such an amazing place to wander around putting the pieces of the geological puzzle together.

[@PaulG.x]

Due to the anaerobic/acidic environment in the original swamp . Organic matter becomes "pickled" just like gherkins in a jar.

[@mollyn03]

As a kid I always wondered what the black rock was at Baylys Beach (I grew up in Dargaville) and if it was some kind of lignite (not how I would have phrased it, but essentially what I would have meant) as sometimes bits of it seemed to have vegetable matter in it. I was hoping you might explain this and you did! This is fascinating - it's so exciting to hear the geology of the area explained. Thank you

[@OutThereLearning]

Great to have solved that question!

[@jexiagalleta]

Hi Molly!

[@mollyn03]

@@jexiagalleta Hi! Fancy seeing you here

[@mollyn03]

@@jexiagalleta HI!!!

[@jexiagalleta]

@@mollyn03 NZ is small! Dargaville is smaller 😆

[@uncletiggermclaren7592]

I thank you sir, very interesting. I often played there, and saw the bands in the cliff for sure, but never went close enough to see there was organic material in it. Though I did see isolated lumps with branches in it on the beach. it just never occurred to me there was such a span of ages involved, I thought it had just been buried in recent times. There are similar bands close to the summit of Hirakimata on Aotea.

[@LWJCarroll]

Thanks this is stunning to see and learn about here in NZ.

[@philliptaylor8270]

Thanks for answering a lot of questions that I have had about the formations on the beach, I must look for the ash layer.

[@OutThereLearning]

Glad it was helpful!

[@neilscorgie4058]

Brilliant again thank you

[@OutThereLearning]

Very welcome

[@heatherhiggins6110]

Fantastic, thank you 👍

[@davec5237]

Very interesting, thanks for sharing. 👍

[@Pipe42]

I love learning through these videos. Great work team!

[@OutThereLearning]

Glad you like them!

[@phillipegen8471]

Man I love your vids. They're very informative and you make it easier to understand. Thanks for all your mahi

[@ianh2674]

Another fascinating video - such rich history

[@RobertHoward-k8r]

Really like your insight

[@itisjojonz]

amazing thank you.

[@2wahineandadog]

So Interesting!! Thanks for sharing

[@OutThereLearning]

Thanks for watching!

[@rogeratkinson7209]

You are a champion. Thank you.

[@chrissscottt]

Fascinating, thanks.

[@OutThereLearning]

Glad you think so!

[@TimGoodwin-s7n]

Thanks Bruce. Very interesting. Do you know how the hard layers of iron pan in the cliffs form? Also, how far out to sea does the barrier go? Presumably it was wider before the current erosion.

[@BruceHayward1]

There are two kinds of hard layers in these sand dune barriers - iron pans (limonite iron oxide) and silcrete (silica cemented sand formed during podzolisation beneath forests such as kauri). The latter indicates where there was a forest growing on dunes between the interdune swamps that accumulated the peat/lignite. The forest and organic soil have decayed away since burial leaving just the hard silcrete. Often (not always) the rusty iron pan is associated with the silcrete because the silcrete prevents water percolation through it. The limonite is formed by oxidation of the black titanomagnetite sand grains in oxygen-rich ground water and deposition of this secondary mineral often in the sand at about the upper level of the groundwater table at the time.

[@TimGoodwin-s7n]

@@BruceHayward1 Great. Thank you!

[@bush600r2]

Very interesting. Thanks 👍

[@ccccarriemchardy9216]

Amazing. Thank you.

[@OutThereLearning]

Our pleasure!

[@theunknownunknowns256]

Might have to watch again, hardly a chore, but what is the reason or mechanism for tall sand dunes? Where Manawatu has little elevation but far inland.

[@BruceHayward1]

The Manawatu dunelands are young. The northern west coast dune barriers are old and composite and have been supplied with vast quantities of sand for a long period of time. Each time excess sand builds up on the back of the beach and it dries out it can be blown inland and wind can blow it up onto the high hills that already exist, and do not exist in the Manawatu lowlands (yet).

[@MrLucidity]

Love your vids. I've lived here for 40+ years and never knew i wanted to learn about my stomping ground so much.

[@OutThereLearning]

That's great!

[@35southkiwi16]

really interesting. Next time I'm out there I'll be looking at the strata i a whole new light. Thanks

[@OutThereLearning]

Great!

[@patchnl2699]

Amazing channel. Would you have any information on how mt manaia formed out Whangarei heads? All I can confirm nearby beaches/bays you can find treasures agates, carnelian,kauri gum probably fallen from the nearby peaks

[@OutThereLearning]

Coming soon!

[@renatocoicev]

Amazing! Thank you!

[@OutThereLearning]

Our pleasure!

[@OceanKiwi]

Thank you! Very interesting

[@OutThereLearning]

Glad you liked it!

[@RaglansElectricBaboon]

Great stuff, thank you. If we watch all of your videos do we get a Geology degree?

[@OutThereLearning]

Easily 😄

[@outthere9370]

Cool harakeke stick! Great explanation thanks. 😊

[@gaius_enceladus]

Great video as always!

[@OutThereLearning]

Thank you

[@richardhooper2700]

Thank you for the comprehensive information! and for the typically Kiwi charts?

[@OutThereLearning]

🙂

[@wolfemcgill6091]

Fantastic. This was tip top,

[@OutThereLearning]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@naysneedle5707]

Amazing!

[@johnnylingo4686]

This was excellent😊

[@OutThereLearning]

Thank you

[@allaboutstress]

Interesting. Thank you

[@OutThereLearning]

You're welcome

[@blairbeattie3308]

Very interesting sir

[@arlesblake4363]

Just pass the lighthouse in Eastbourne Wellington are some interesting rock formations that would interesting to learn more about

[@ronaldneehao9723]

Very interesting thanks for your great work 😅

[@NZSaskia]

Can I ask where did you get that jumper? Complements for the knitter❤

[@BruceHayward1]

Comes from Peru and made of alpaca, probably made commercially as the tourist shops are full of them.

[@davel4708]

I think you said that the sand on the Northland west coast is of volcanic origin. Is this true? I'd love to see a video about this sand, and the processes involved in its transportation up the coast... and possibly even around the top of Cape Reinga and down the east coast. Also I've heard that the Kaipara is the boundary between the black and brown sand on the west coast. I find this fascinating. What mechanism is at play here?

[@CrazyRobitz]

These videos should be presented at schools. Science was fun to a point, there wasn't any geology at the schools i went through.id rather learn about earth or the continent i live on before any other planet. Im going to absorb your knowledge with every video made. Thankyou for not retiring telling people their to noisey😂 no offense👍🏾

[@AidanTahau]

bruce hayward thku u bro

[@stewatparkpark2933]

When is the next cold period due to start ?

[@marianabezuidenhout2640]

Thank you soooo much for your videos. Now the children can see I'm not telling them crap.😘

[@OutThereLearning]

That's a big win!

[@RobBremner]

They won't believe it 'cos Greta says different.

[@thiesamkreutz7390]

Now that the area is being farmed and forests won’t grow what will the barrier look like in the future? Will there be a barrier that’s very thin?

[@horrible1083]

yeah but where can i get that jumper? its awsome!

[@BruceHayward1]

Its made from alpaca wool and very soft. The design is common in places like Peru (where this was bought) but sometimes imports can be purchased at craft fairs etc in NZ.

[@sajjadanwarnz]

Beautiful, looks like bethells Beach Auckland

[@kevincurrie2052]

Thanks! Another interesting show. I do have a question, what caused the layer of lamas in your jumper? 😂 The perfect jumper for a geologist!

[@riverAmazonNZ]

Sedimentary layers with fossil llamas

[@matthewmorgan7106]

fascinating !

[@OutThereLearning]

Thanks for saying so!

[@michaelwoodhams7866]

Thank you. I lived in Dargaville from age 9 to 14, so I know this beach well. I have an unrelated geology question: What is the relationship between Large Igneous Provinces and Iceland? In particular: If I was present during the creation of an LIP, would it be lava everywhere all the time, or something more like Iceland, where a given spot will go perhaps 10000 years on average between lava inundations? Could Iceland be the birth of a new LIP? For any non-geologists reading this comment: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_igneous_province

[@markblakelock6937]

Thank you....the older I get the less I know.

[@StuffandThings_]

Its kind of sad to think that in some way humans have put a stop to this sequence by removing all the forest. I really wonder what the place would have looked like blanketed in dense Kauri forest, and if we'd still have some peat swamps (the topography up top makes me think yes).

[@CH-st2ij]

Is it possible the tilt in the lignite layer talked about after 9 minutes in the video, could have been caused by unimaginably large tsunami as a result of meteorite impacts. The entire inland west coastal area of New Zealand has clear chevrons along it from inundations of biblical proportions. We now know that events such as the Younger Dryas were caused by such massive impacts. It has been going on a long time, and fairly frequently on a geological time scale

[@BruceHayward1]

This is a good idea, but unfortunately there is no evidence of erosion, block tilting (the lignite is horizontal in the thickest part at beach level), sediment disturbance around the lignite bed, which is clearly where it was deposited with respect to the underlying sandstone. There is no evidence that any tsunami associated with a Younger Dryas on-set bolide impact which was over NE America.

[@chengyunguan-ym5ow]

Nice! you can read the earth.

[@HB-iq6bl]

It that the lake taupo eruption ?

[@riverAmazonNZ]

Is that kauri trunk fossilised or is it still wood ?

[@BruceHayward1]

All are still wood like the day they died. But a fossil is defined as any remains or trace of a plant or animal that has been preserved in rock. So these ARE fossils. Many older fossils (but by no means all) have been turned to stone by passing mineral rich ground waters (=petrified) but not these.

[@riverAmazonNZ]

@@BruceHayward1 ok thank you! I should have said petrified

[@HB-iq6bl]

Baileys Beach is fascinating, dangerous to swim at though.last there fora few days visiting the giant beached whales a few years back.

[@jammyscouser2583]

I wonder exactly where we are now

[@ahmadk_design]

wow! explained so well.. May I know what's the best way to contact you? as a video editor I want to share a video edit for you.

[@OutThereLearning]

[e-mail]

[@tpatchie]

Much respect It’s not millions of years old

[@Tawadeb]

Were actually in a cooler period say compared to the mediavel and Roman Warm periods

[@ballistikbrown7878]

Does this mean it's not global warming but it is in fact the warm and cold periods you describe @ 1:00min

[@OutThereLearning]

Not quite sure what your question is asking, but natural climate cycles are the background variability on to which human caused global warming is superimposed. Hope that helps, cheers.

[@stewatparkpark2933]

There will be another ice age soon enough .

[@lezgo275]

The earth is breathing 🤯!

[@Nobilangelo]

He did part 1 of this two million years ago.

[@daman7129]

Don't forget the eemian sea level was much higher than today, over 6+ metres higher.

[@BruceHayward1]

Yes, but did not wish to make the story any more complicated for the video. Sea level was even higher during the interglacial 400,000 years ago (MIS11), but this and MIS5e are the only two times it was higher during the period of deposition here at Baylys Beach.

[@pjpekz3799]

Cool bro I'm from new Zealand and yeah I look at what nature doing I'm 40year old and the weather changing and no one knows it lol and yes it is going backwards

[@tiwo-j9n]

Cool as 😉

[@amelialaw9586]

well informed

[@OutThereLearning]

Cheers!

[@TokyoNightGirlLofi]

👍!!!🤍🤍🤍

[@reuireuiop0]

So, 10% of the last few million years, sea level stood around where it is today. 90% were glacial low tides. Isn't it funny then, folks are always speaking about the Bering Land Bridge? Most of the time, it was dry land, mammoths couldn't just "walk" to America, they simply lived out there, in Beringia. Same for the North Sea Floor, which was a Doggerland for most of its existence. Or that "land bridge" in Indonesia. Sure, the first Aboriginals had to sail a part, but for most of the trek, they were on dry land. So let's cut it with the land bridge. Let's just call these seaways temporary channels. Marine life is just lucky it hasn't had to grow legs during that 90% of time that their sea way was land. We're kind of out of luck, really, God knows thru how many essential steps mankind has evolved on lowlands by the Sea, which today just happen to be at sea bottom. Beringia for example, may have been home to the first Americans for a good part of last glacial, before they could make the trek into a deglaciated America. One would just love to be an archeologist in glacial times, and dig for _all_ of human prehistory !!

[@OutThereLearning]

Interesting thoughts, thank you

[@tightlines106]

Where not allowed to know this knowledge now men in black coming for ya

[@clintonwarmington2276]

Ataahua 💯🌎👌⌚🌈