"The mind is like a parachute, it works only if it is open." I am stealing that.
@strikingdean30067 жыл бұрын
King Idiot one of the best quotes I've heard anywhere.
@juntjoonunya92165 жыл бұрын
He should live by and practice some 50/50
@animadverte5 жыл бұрын
well not invented by Rickson, but ok.
@Kassarth4 жыл бұрын
Zappa quote
@chadwhite11988 жыл бұрын
This dude... A true warrior, but also an intelligent, empathetic person. Not many people embody the MA spirit like this guy.
@brabhamfreaman1668 жыл бұрын
Well said
@xgenwilly81212 жыл бұрын
I once took a private lesson from Rickson 20+ years ago. Great man. Wonderful teacher. His emphasis on fundamentals cannot be overstated.
@johnfiskin418810 жыл бұрын
If couldn't agree more. Everyone is so focused on winning tournaments. What is the point at the amateur level or for the guy who trains casually. Whenever I come across a guy with the latest and greatest guard I like to make a point of smashing through and showing how the basics work. With a good base you will always be okay. The problem is the basics take time to learn and people have such a short attention span.
@saulresh2037 жыл бұрын
Grande mestre Rickson Gracie. Ninguém hoje em dia tem uma visão tão profunda e abrangente sobre a arte do jiu-jitsu e sobre lutar como ele. É um sábio das artes marciais. Um verdadeiro samurai moderno.
@888LDN10 жыл бұрын
Rickson talks a lot of sense, A great Martial Artist !
@Nenad-ICXC-Shuput-GFAMMA7 жыл бұрын
"it's never about the win, but never allow yourself to lose" - Rickson Gracie someone should make a T-shirt :)
@curupirarj78806 жыл бұрын
Genial Rickson, isso explica toda a diferença dos lutadores atuais para os da nossa epoca. Habilidades como paciência, estratégia, sobrevivência...
@MrMelkque6 жыл бұрын
I feel like Rickson Gracie is one of the last samurais on earth
@perrypelican94764 жыл бұрын
The problem is that it's more about business than anything else so that means entertainment. The fighter who makes the most money is the one who the fans want to see fight, not the best fighter, not the fighter who has the best mentality. Rickson was arguably the best fighter of all time in bjj and mma. He was special in that he was a student of fighting, the physical and the mental game. Too bad we don't have more Ricksons. But that's life.
@turntablesrockmyworld9315 Жыл бұрын
No, he was never the best fighter in MMa but for BJJ he was the best of his time. One of the few, if only of his generation to submit every one of his opponents in BJJ competition as a black belt.
@CScout67113 жыл бұрын
i love how he says: perfect technique and special attitude towards it lends itself to effectiveness and efficiency of technique application...and he's right, no such thing as luck...only hard work and time in the trenches will get you realworld results...nice to see he's still grounded in work ethic...
@EdStrings9 жыл бұрын
this dude is a God damn Samurai
@chadwhite11988 жыл бұрын
You win the best comment here award!
@MoooseBlood5 жыл бұрын
@mark daniels Yeah I bet he really meant Rickson was a literal japanese samurai. Smh
@jedimaster2914 жыл бұрын
Samurai who avoid real warrior Sakuraba
@ms96257 жыл бұрын
This guy has a role in the modern martial arts....thank you master
@ShiiitIDK6 жыл бұрын
My favorite Gracie. I don't see how some people think the Gracies are closed minded, in that they feel only their way works. All the videos I've seen of them all have them basically saying that, their way is not the only way. Do what works best for you.
@oldschoolrock4evr10 жыл бұрын
This guy has a mentality so pure that if you think things through to the very core, you see there is no other truth to the martial arts than the words he speaks, i always say if you are trying to be something or to live something than you have to be that to the very core of the art
@jimmyalderson16397 жыл бұрын
I feel exactly the same for judo as well, especially as the sportive aspect is being more and more diluted by the IJF's constantly changing rules that take away a lot of elements of judo
@giovannito8588 жыл бұрын
"dedication to technique". awesome words of wisdom.
@FergusScotchman11 жыл бұрын
He is awesome and sincere. The things he talks about, how jj influences the rest of your life, is really important to me. He comes to our small school once a year, and it's amazing to put your hands on his sweaty gi. (No I'm not gay) lol
@nhzlilstunna12 жыл бұрын
This interview is pure gold...thanks for posting
@ifight4cash10 жыл бұрын
that man is amazing ! he dedicated his whole life to JIU JITSU
@marka.arcenas52113 жыл бұрын
My brother inlaw meet him here in Northern California and five years later my nephew started training from one of his school he was cool and down to earth..
@gundog16810 жыл бұрын
Size and strength matter...right...that the point of BJJ. We train for a lot of reasons, but for the scenario that you do end up in a fist fight with a much bigger opponent, you'll have a chance of not being demolished and maybe even walking away the winner. Guarantees nothing, and you might get your ass kicked, but at least you're not defenseless. I've trained for 8+ years and beaten very skilled opponents 100+ pounds bigger than me. I've been beaten by guys 50 pounds smaller than me...many times. Use all the hypothetical scenarios you want to rationalize why BJJ doesn't work, but at the end of the day that big dude had better watch that arm. People think a lot of shit that isn't true.
@stillnessinmovement10 жыл бұрын
great comment. change your perspective from trying to win to never losing. this is one of the 20 principles that funakoshi put forth, and the difference between a life art and a sport.
@Pavement-Prophets10 жыл бұрын
Sport and entertainment vs survival and conquering, the latter wins for me every time. Gracie's are compelling to watch and learn from, interesting philosophies of life. Well done that family!
@andreamantovani5354 Жыл бұрын
One of the few real martial arts artists still alive. A blessing
@moderncombatarts295610 жыл бұрын
I love his stance on modern techniques like 50-50 guard. As a competitor I have to learn that kind of stuff but I feel like it detracts from the self defense aspect of BJJ
@ctsd623 Жыл бұрын
Kron says it's good to familiarize yourself with the sport techniques so you're not caught guard in that environment, but once you know how to defend those positions, you don't need to spend much time on them
@kleinbottled7910 жыл бұрын
This man's philosophy impresses me every time he speaks.
@kesiebiscuit13 жыл бұрын
I agree with everything he said but i also believe the rubber guard can be useful in a practical situation. I dont use it myself but ive seen others use it effectively
@poolboyinla13 жыл бұрын
He is a fascinating man.
@juanhernandez-uw1wy4 жыл бұрын
Porrada timey
@Jujitsu4life4410 жыл бұрын
I think more people should train to fight against anyone and be prepared for as many scénarios as possible. To train or fight against any size or weight enables you to build mental endurance and technique essential to survive à real life scénario.
@scooter_rick545 жыл бұрын
This is completely true. I've been teaching for 50 yearsand this is the truth. Plaain and simple.
@domcha13110 жыл бұрын
Imagine seeing Rickson in his prime rolling with Marcelo Garcia in his
@anderzz8510 жыл бұрын
marcelo would win, easy...
@TeamUnattached10 жыл бұрын
I did.
@cadu3dVideos10 жыл бұрын
I would love to see Rickson vs Marcelo Garcia, but as that is not possible, how about a Metamoris - Kron vs Garcia?
@domcha13110 жыл бұрын
Lol sure I guess although I've already seen Kron and Marcelo go at it.
@marvbanner293410 жыл бұрын
maNukush That could be the dumbest statement I've ever seen on YT.
@mquirk0010 жыл бұрын
I like the point he makes about MMA matches being too short. That 5 minute round shit has to go. That's the only part of the sport that has taken a step back. Pride had it right. The sport has grown, fighters are in better shape, have better endurance and stamina so its time to step it up a notch and push for a longer time limit. Just think of all the fights you would have seen finish this year had there been one more minute.
@littlelizard34835 жыл бұрын
Bu Jammy I’ve personally never heard anyone call MMA, “Ultimate Fighting”. Most people call it UFC without even knowing what it stands for. But I agree with your points.
@Reddogg3874 жыл бұрын
He is so right. And there is a difference between old school and new school, self defense vs sport Jiu jitsu. New school, for the most part, won’t prepare you for a fight. Of course some of the techniques will work, but there is so much to learn and so much that just isn’t practical. Thankfully I have a Gracie CTC nearby, even though I’d rather train under a Gracie directly. I left a sport school because after a few months I realized it was strictly competition with all 50/50, worm guard, etc. pointless crap for fighting
@MrHDGH11 жыл бұрын
Such an inspiration! A true martial arts master!
@mojohojo407710 жыл бұрын
he is right about the 'technical'. i am not sure in most of the fights he was in in japan, that you could even say that it was jui jitsu? now i see why they chose royce to be their bjj ufc figther. rickson was/is such a gifted athlete, that he would have made a good baseball,football, soccer, basketball, etc player. he could have beaten his opponents using boxing, karate, wrestling or any martial arts skill, he is just so gifted with physical ability unseen since before or after him. he is not the guy who you want to demonstrate bjj skills because he was so good as a figter. looking back, royce was the correct choice to showcase bjj, but rickson no doubt was the best fighter ever in MMA.
@mojohojo407710 жыл бұрын
btw, as an afterthought, i would have loved to see a rickson vs. marco ruas fight! now there would have been a 'technical' bout of enjoyment. i think that ruas was also one of the best fighters except that he started late age and then got hurt to boot.
@anthonybanks291510 жыл бұрын
"IF SIZE MATTERED , THE ELEPHANT WOULD BE KING OF THE JUNGLE" Renzo Gracie
@plusaeroservices323510 жыл бұрын
The only reason why people say that lions are the kings of the jungle is because lions are smart enough to run away from Elephants. If they fight, one elephant can kill a whole pack of lions without a scratch. Do not follow slogans like that one without a little bit of thought. An African Bull Elephant is over 4 tons and a male lion is about 600 pounds. A lion cannot win even if it uses BJJ.
@anthonybanks291510 жыл бұрын
lions often eat elephants...Sometimes they eat adult male ones as well. Sometimes a lion or 2 will lose it's life in the process. The point is, you are afraid to do something in the fear that it might harm you. That is the difference between bravery and cowardice...I just gave what you said plenty of thought
@anthonybanks291510 жыл бұрын
The reason there are different weight classes is because " We wanted to look more like the boxing league so people and the Federal Sports Commission would except us more and not looking at us like barbarians" Dana White.....................its not because of big guys dominating little ones
@plusaeroservices323510 жыл бұрын
Anthony Banks You need fear to survive, everybody feels it. Cowards let it control them and brave people use it on their favor. Fear is what gets the best out of you in a real fight or any dangerous situation. The best for you
@plusaeroservices323510 жыл бұрын
Anthony Banks Weight classes exist for financial matters. It is more profitable to have 10 champions than one overall champ.
@benitoboogey713410 жыл бұрын
Gracie Jiu Jitsu ist the best if not the only style of fighting. It enables you to defeat virtually any opponent in the world. It defeats all other Fighting Styles and Martial Arts with ease. And it's the only Martial Arts witch actually allows yourself to defeat people without getting hurt or even hurting them.
@fairjudgement440910 жыл бұрын
In regards to grappling maybe, Benito.
@cloepatraqueen396310 жыл бұрын
Fair Judgement Nope, in regards to fighting period. When you achieve a dominant position through technique you can rain down ground and pound in Gracie Jiu Jitsu. In fact GNP is what will open submissions for you.
@amjan10 жыл бұрын
LOL. NO. Imagine you're being attacked on the street. Will you wanna get down to the ground on conrete or asphalt? Of course not, you would get hurt. A judoka or a wrestler would throw you down and break your skull.
@pursuinginsanity10 жыл бұрын
amjan Sure, a wrestler or judoka might. How many of those are you likely to encounter, and have to fight? Not very many. Even so, once you end up on the fucking ground, wouldn't you like to know what to do, and be comfortable in that position? If you fight someone larger it's almost a guarantee that you *will* end up on the ground (if not KO'd) and myself, I'd like to be prepared for that situation. Open your mind - just like Rickson said. Oh, and watch some Stephan Kesting videos - he talks a lot about practical BJJ on concrete... again, it might open your mind.
@PeterSivazak10 жыл бұрын
Someone's stuck in the 90s.
@Ron.kosakowski_TFW_PSDTC13 жыл бұрын
This is a very good interview here. I completely agree with it and I have been saying this for a long time.
@NK-wy8wp9 жыл бұрын
Rickson is the GOAT
@MakMuk9 жыл бұрын
+THE REAL HARD CORE CHAMP Greatest Joke of All Time fool.
@mongolchiuud89319 жыл бұрын
+THE REAL HARD CORE CHAMP baa baa baaa
@garyatencio8395 жыл бұрын
Always talkiimg. Nut nevet fought sakurada spanknt sll thr Gracies
@garyatencio8395 жыл бұрын
Alwsys talk nrver fought sakurada wat happn there. Saku spankntnall them
@cbass90913 жыл бұрын
Amazing submission warrior , a really great legend
@burientopteam13 жыл бұрын
Nice to hear a recent interview - thanks!
@LJSJIUJITSU10 жыл бұрын
In both their primes a Garcia vs Rickson match up would be spectacular. However perhaps we should get a little idea about this matchup by looking at Kron vs Marcelo. Kron, arguably not quite yet in his prime, did very well against Garcia by just using basic jiu-jitsu. Rickson's pressure, from what I have been told, is like no other and his instincts just the same. So to say Marcelo would smoke Rickson is a little off to say the least.
@KatameWazaBushi7 жыл бұрын
in pure sport bjj i think marcelo would beat him. ricksons bjj wasnt mastered for sport, it was mastered for TRUE fighting, allow strikes on the ground, and rickson would maul marcelo. I love both guys but its two different worlds, and styles.
@SCROGY7 жыл бұрын
Rickson and Kron had a full out roll. Rickson beat him.......easily. And that was as a physically wrecked old man.
@damansbedi4 жыл бұрын
I wish I could learn from you Rickson Gracie!
@StephenGladue13 жыл бұрын
Rickson Gracie,..super legend.
@darronmorse13 жыл бұрын
Rickson Gracie fan for life!!!
@multimandan5 жыл бұрын
I regard Rickson Gracie as a genius and as a Renaissance Man.
@cocobajo13 жыл бұрын
Rickson will always be the greatest jiu-jitsu fighter in the universe.
@yuriivanenko97403 жыл бұрын
Rickson is the Heart and soul of Jiujitsu .
@dougieladd5 жыл бұрын
He truly is The Last Samurai, no question.
@DrSiegal13 жыл бұрын
pure gold People here talking about selft defensa are quite lost I love the sentence about skinny guys doing it right or not doing it at all, rememberd me of a sentece of the great Mifune "I thank my parents giving me a weak body cause that made me work twice as hard"..
@joace85754 жыл бұрын
He's a Philosopher of his art/craft
@andrewrai57529 жыл бұрын
He's 100% right! Words of wisdom from the greatest fighter in the world
@MakMuk9 жыл бұрын
+Andrew Rai Greatest fighter? Hahahahaa...........he never fought anyone. It's all hype and bullshit. Ronda Rousey could squash him like a bug.
@randomryu91176 жыл бұрын
Was the biggest Gracie's fans as a kid, but these days its real mix martial arts everyone knows BJJ. If it was any weight these days small guys would get killed.
@yuukijensen13 жыл бұрын
Very cool interview, thanks for sharing man
@VelhaGuardaTricolor10 жыл бұрын
True WARRIOR!
@Nenad-ICXC-Shuput-GFAMMA7 жыл бұрын
This men's fight philosophy is on the next level.
@JiuJitsuSweep13 жыл бұрын
Those were some great interview questions.
@PeaceAndLoveWins10 жыл бұрын
If your not comfortable fighting an opponent 50 pounds heavier there is something wrong!
@Beenie008510 жыл бұрын
thats why we love him! great, greater, rickson
@joe1max10 жыл бұрын
That is easy to say coming from a light heavy weight. Rickson walks around at about 200 pounds. Tell that to a flyweight.
@pursuinginsanity10 жыл бұрын
joe1max Yeah.. I'm about fly/bantam size and I have to admit I don't really want to think about fighting a guy with any experience and 50+ lbs on me. Doesn't sound like a good scenario. Thankfully my gf knows enough BJJ to climb on his back and choke his ass out, totally emasculating me in the process lol.
@pursuinginsanity10 жыл бұрын
***** Agreed, they claim Helio was "80 lbs lighter" than Kimura, when the difference was about 15-20 lbs. At least Helio - unlike some of his sons (not Rickson) and grandsons - had some respect for the people who beat him, naming the reverse ude garami after the man that beat him with it, and that's why we all know it as the Kimura.
@juntjoonunya92165 жыл бұрын
Hmm... If you made a clone of yourself then just ctrl+shift+up arrow on the weight parameter and rolled with him and he didn't make you uncomfortable there's something wrong with your cloning app
@tonyiohenrico792510 жыл бұрын
THAT THE RULES OF ADCC. RICKSON SHOULD DO IS OWN SHOW, NO WEIGHT CLASS AND NO TIME,
@darbinreyes12 жыл бұрын
Bruce Lee talked about this. The balance between being scientific/robotic in your technique and reacting naturally and intelligently to your opponents movements.
@davane78825 жыл бұрын
The AC/DC of BJJ.
@seanreed94722 жыл бұрын
Modern sport BJJ has lost a great deal of its self defense aspect. Rickson's BJJ was much more oriented towards self defense. In regards to modern MMA, with everyone being able to wrestle, striking has become more and more important. MMA is still much more similar to a real fight.
@BozoTheThing13 жыл бұрын
If I could, I would sit here all day hitting the "Like" button.
@BowlerTheHatGuy13 жыл бұрын
@monacode he is the last and only real warrior. the spirit of warrior, philosophy of warrior. he is not making it for popularity or money. much respect.
@garcimat9 жыл бұрын
Bjj comps should be submission only no points, no time...
@Algebrodadio9 жыл бұрын
+Matheus I mean - that's great in spirit. But when you're in a division with 40+ competitors it could take all day. For just one division. Already, the IBJJF world championship is a two day event.
@cutthroathb8 жыл бұрын
That sounds good in theory but with two top level guys matches would take hours. U think submission only would be more entertaining to watch but usually the matches mostly end in a draw and are usually boring to watch. In my opinion the best thing anyone's come up with is the EBI rules where if it's a draw then they do like a sudden death thing where u either start on the back with hooks in and seatbelt or the spider web position and if no one still wins then who ever had the fastest escape wins so at least u always have a winner, plus they only pay u if u win by submission. U don't get anything for overtime wins and that really makes both guys really go hard for the submission
@Fuzzigog8 жыл бұрын
+Aaron Wolbach Wimbledon lasts so so so much longer. Time shouldn't be a constraint.
@Algebrodadio8 жыл бұрын
Suhail Agha Really? Did you just compare BJJ to Wimbledon? How many competitors can afford to travel to New York and stay for a couple weeks just to *wait* for their turn to roll with someone? There's a reason that tennis is for snobby aristocrats.
@benher69348 жыл бұрын
Take forever
@GanzLONDON13 жыл бұрын
04:49 Esse trecho foi feito para o meu amigo ROMULO ! Pena que ele ainda nao entendeu !
@slipnorris58826 жыл бұрын
This guy knows what he's talking about.
@josebonfim944910 жыл бұрын
rickson graice, vc é o fenomeno dos fenomenos das artes marciais este eu comparo ao filme gladiador e talvez nunca mais no mundo tenha um lutador igual
@rymskindeep26 күн бұрын
super dope good advise thank you
@maximusamericanpitbullterr82973 жыл бұрын
O CARA QUE ATÉ HOJE CONTA HISTORINHAS DE QUE É INVENCÍVEL, SEMPRE SE ESCONDEU ATRÁS DE BOLSAS MILIONÁRIAS COM O INTUITO DE NÃO ENFRENTAR OS MELHORES DE SUA ÉPOCA CITANDO COMO EXEMPLO: MARK COLEMAN, MARCOS RUAS, E SAKURABA
@77jiujitsu13 жыл бұрын
@zjitheman, you can go to culver california, his son Kron have a school there and his dad moved back home to brazil, i might me wrong
@TheKrazyLobster10 жыл бұрын
Master Rickson's first answer makes me think about Xande Ribeiro vs Roger Gracie. Xande acted like a douchebag the whole time. Xande didn't do anything in any of their fights, trying to score stupid points. It was SO FUCKING STUPID. I always get mad when I remember those fights.
@HappySlappr12 жыл бұрын
Kron is maybe the only non; berimboloing, Spider guarding, De la riva-ing, Tornado guarding top level practitioner. Just guard and top game, With outstanding basics. ( Roger also but hes hasnt competed bjj in a while and who knows if he still will)
@camilorodriguez10006 жыл бұрын
Rickson breathes manhood. True master of the craft
@ronin63276 жыл бұрын
Not too many Gracie academies where I live, only your sport bjj.. such a shame because Gracie jiu jitsu is the best!
@williamb37286 жыл бұрын
gracieuniversity.com
@WildTurkey197213 жыл бұрын
Rickson is the best ever..
@TheSilatiger10 жыл бұрын
being 50lbs heavier can be a slow fatter guy as well,on the ground weight or height is a disadvantage,the smaller man can move quicker on the ground,more agile-standup is opposite,longer reach is hard to beat striking and more weight is harder to takedown or throw
@Nenad-ICXC-Shuput-GFAMMA7 жыл бұрын
1:04 sooooo Tru :) thank you
@jadencuatchon47524 жыл бұрын
SUPPORT THE JIU JITSU GLOBAL FEDERATION!
@flamboyant012 жыл бұрын
I think many people are aware of that. I just think most disagree with his logic that there is no time for strategy in modern mma. Randy Couture, Lyoto Machida, GSP and Greg Jackson are some of the best strategist in the game. A lot of these strategist don't get hit when they win. He just doesn't want to admit that he cannot adapt his Jiu Jitsu to modern mma.
@Tehz1359 Жыл бұрын
I agree with his overall mindset. But real fights with no rules at all usually only last a minute at most, sometimes even seconds. And so I think it actually be impossible for any sort of competition to capture what a real fight is. Because at that point, it wouldn't be a competition, it wouldn't be fun to nearly anyone. Even in MMA, they are fighting for points. And as dangerous as MMA can be, there are still plenty of rules. So we see how dangerous MMA is, imagine absolutely no rules at all. I think people neglect the fact that in the moment, it's very easy to hurt someone or even kill them unintentionally. You throw them or take them down and their head hits the curb(or even a table top), they're done.
@jebrengl7 жыл бұрын
i would have loved to see this guy fight vs saku, fedor, crocop, wanderlei silva, etc....
@paolo20127 жыл бұрын
you are amazing sir
@rk808utube13 жыл бұрын
thanks for sharing!
@zjtheman13 жыл бұрын
Where can I learn Jiu Jitsu directly from Rickson Gracie?
@letsgoletsgoletsgoletsgoletsgo10 жыл бұрын
does Rickson have any dvd or books out ? i doubt so right?
@kmeyers859 жыл бұрын
+Jeff Chen I don't believe he wants to publish techniques in media formats. Rickson wants you to be there with him for real to teach you. I think he's very serious about teaching and wants to be fully present with you for the experience.
@SCROGY7 жыл бұрын
Henry Aikins teaches Rickson's bjj beautifully. Buy his dvd's.
@leocmen13 жыл бұрын
@chozn11 Very good point. MMA today is something totally different from real combat. UFC1, UFC2, UFC3 adn UFC4 were relly nice.
@SebastMorillo845 жыл бұрын
when he was a fighter , anybody talked about mix martial arts and people doesnt practice jiu jitsu too. I dont know if today that young Rickson Gracie can´t beat a big guys like Jones or Ngannou. , in that times why Rickson refused to fight against Marcos Ruas? Whathever he and his family are a smart people.
@ruiseartalcorn3 жыл бұрын
Fascinating guy!
@romeliadarosa41808 жыл бұрын
You can learn more about it on ShepherdSurvives website I think.
@senseinicosan7 жыл бұрын
Love this guy!
@Kurdaehe112 жыл бұрын
the most powerful weapon on the battle 1x1, thanks god make me brasilian and enter me to the bjj life style early!
@zjtheman13 жыл бұрын
Where can I learn Jiu Jitsu directly from Rickson Gracie? Does he live in California?
@thelawnmowertapes13 жыл бұрын
I NEED THAT SHIRT!
@TeamUnattached10 жыл бұрын
A wonderful man. I'm sorry he never let me match him with anyone real…
@zibtihaj321310 жыл бұрын
so he says that 'street' situations are different than tournaments
@GuzQuebec12 жыл бұрын
No way dude, only if you transport then back in time. Rickson was the better on his time, like GSP and Anderson are today. If a young Rickson was training in a now days environnement, against now days fighters, he would adapte himself to beat them. He would be still among the bests. None can say who could win.
@camiloazula13 жыл бұрын
Very nice!!
@MrStrongBro8 жыл бұрын
I would love to train under Rickson, and secretly train under Mario Sperry at the same time. ;D