How to Make a SARLACC PIT

You might think Star Wars' sarlacc monster is pretty lazy, as it spends most of its life at the bottom of a hole waiting for food to fall in its maw. It turns out that it's actually a very clever engineer -- and Kyle has the physics to prove it!

[@becausescience]

Thanks for watching, Super Nerds! I love doing the practical mini demonstrations. And you're right -- weirdly, when filming this, I thought I adopted a kind of Bill Nye cadence. No idea why... -- kH

[@lasarith2]

Any chance you could do a video on, High Entropy Alloys, seems like a modern version of Alchemy .

[@ciancaldera6542]

Because Science, you talked about friction, what about Dairy Queen’s blizzards?

[@ShiroiAkumaSama]

So we are all super nerds now. :D Without any nerdy comment.

[@matressburito1456]

Arent you the judge from mythbusters tje search

[@MegaCombatGamers]

Hey Kyle, here's an idea for a future video: would a Shyyyo bird be able to fly (and live in general) as it is shown to do in the new Star Wars game, Jedi: Fallen Order? Anyways, your videos are always super enjoyable and entertaining to watch. Keep up the good work!

[@santisacco2546]

Note to self: Beware of suspicious sand holes near Kyle's secret base.

[@livedandletdie]

There are no suspicious sand holes around Kyle's secret base. Now please beware the Teflon covered Concrete holes near Kyle's base. After all it's the third on the list of solids in terms of lowest friction coefficients. You won't get a grip on them.

[@unicorn.mushroom]

That's exactly what what a super villain would want you to think, that the slippery pits will send you to your death. But, they are really secret entrances to the base, when they're not being used as death traps, by changing their coefficient of friction such as retractable posts that can protrude from the surface to allow a vehicle to climb or descend safely. This would also serve as way to lure unsuspecting victims into the pit thinking they can climb and descend, too, in an attempt to thwart your super villainy plans.

[@erinkarp6317]

Just be suspicious of any holes near Kyle's base

[@sdfkjgh]

Christyn Wegner: You mean like this: gatherer.wizards.com/Pages/Card/Details.aspx?multiverseid=5222

[@erinkarp6317]

@Noah Rivera Too late

[@storyspren]

"Ah, retirement. Finally I can take a dump!" - Antlion Man on his 63rd birthday

[@TheSomewareMan]

More like sixty-turd birthday. Am I right? Sorry. I'll be going, now.

[@streambonker]

Hey Kyle, Love the Show, Love the Hair, Love the Villain Lair. Ever since I was a kid and I heard about the Sarlacc pit, I started working on a theory I call: The Sarlacc Utopia Project. So, in Star Wars they say that in the Sarlacc pit you will be dissolved over 1,000 years. A body in just normal water decomposes at a fraction of that time and in open air even moreso, so the Sarlacc digestive juices must be incredibly weak, many times weaker than even water while also having antibacterial qualities, for the bodies not to decompose through their own bacteria since it takes it a millennia to dissolve an average human. If it's digestive juices are that weak, it is safe to assume that plants, animals and people that fall in the Sarlacc pit will find a soft and safe landing. It is also in the middle of the desert so it's not a far stretch to assume that a substantial amount of sand falls in the Sarlacc's mouth through just the wind or carried in with objects falling into it. So, the combination of sand falling in the Sarlacc, along with plant matter, animals and people that often are thrown in along with any technology that they carry... It is not extreme to propose that a society could rise within the Sarlacc, a society of individuals that have at least one thing in common, crossing Jabba, hence giving them a goal to work towards, revenge. They have land to live and grow things on, as the digestive fluid of the Sarlacc, full of nutrients, mixes with the sand, they have plenty of organic matter around to consume in a pinch, they have technology to build structures, maybe using the Sarlacc's own flesh and bones and they have their peace and quiet. They have the Sarlacc Utopia. Or it could be a throw-away line that they thought sounded cool and didn't think too much about. Anyway, love ya, I won't tell anyone about "Project Tibbles"

[@thetruebleu014]

This needs to be seen by him. This is brilliant.

[@revan0890]

I think we may have our next SUPER NERD!

[@blacksarlacc91]

The atmosphere must be at a severe lack of oxygen for this to work as this is what most known lifeforms use for their chemistry. Just the smallest amount of oxygen would desolve everything to fast. So as much as I liked your idea. I am sorry to inform you that it would most probably not work.

[@mabogibo525]

Me: gets thrown into the Sarlacc pit Sarlacc pit society: "One of us! One of us! One of us!"

[@tylerhartlep2131]

There was actually an example in the old EU about a sarlacc society. On Felicia, there was a group of aliens who worshipped a sarlacc. Then, the empire came and started doing whatever they were on Felicia, staring a war with those natives. The natives actually fled into the sarlacc, and they were alive and kicking in there. Your scenario is actually very plausiable.

[@TheWookiee89]

if the sarlacc was the larva stage of some ancient massive tatooine dragonfly, that would be awesome

[@akoraceb44]

Baby krayt dragons

[@kilmcm45]

Dragonflies are from earth so at best it would be dragonfly-like. Also, are you assuming conservation of mass ...so a giant larva makes a giant fly? If so it would need to be extremely different from an earth bug. Like made out of different stuff. The exoskeleton of an insect is made out of a porous polymer...think of it as a stiff organic plastic that is covered in holes and hollows. It's not strong enough to hold more than a specific mass range. Maybe 7-14 inches depending on shape....I think the Goliath beetle is the largest a land based bug can get....any bigger and their mass outstrips the exoskeletons ability to hold the creature up. I don't even think bug wings would work on a super huge size. The material insect wings are composed of can't withstand the stress of being whipped that quickly through air. Not air as thick as it is at our size or larger. Butterflies wings are just a powder spread over a latticework of ridgid wing holes...that just won't fly at our size...(pun intended).

[@Ratking-357]

@@akoraceb44 I think that is awesome

[@Doi-]

Too large for the amount of oxygen on the planet. It would have to be a worm like creature that stagnates as it hits planet surface.

[@dragonfruitthedutchie5510]

The saralac is the adult stage of the organizum and the female is the largest one males merge with females and impregnate them the female fills with spores and eventually explodes after a few thousond years or so the spores fly into space and also fly though a planets atmopheare and land on a orginizum becoming a parasite for the animal eating them from the inside until they grow big enough and then they hunt food and gorge themselves until they reach there adult stage were they dig a pit and live in it as the adult sarlacs also uses there spores to go to other planets veia the explosion of the adult female what is why sarlacs in starwars are almost everywere on lots of planets

[@lionnfulx2287]

Confirmed: Lando Calrissian doesn't abide by any laws, even the laws of physics

[@roupine]

This raises a very important and unanswered question: What is the angle of repose of ball pit balls

[@danielbeshers1689]

Basically flat 0. I had a friend in high school who knew he wanted to be a surgeon and practiced putting a ping ping ball down on top of another ping pong ball to develop his fine motor control to an impressive degree.

[@codesimpson6010]

@@danielbeshers1689 Is that even possible?👀

[@becausescience]

@@danielbeshers1689 haha that's amazing! -- kH

[@danielbeshers1689]

@@codesimpson6010 I never could, but he eventually was able to with some regularity, in controlled conditions. He did, in fact, become a doctor.

[@a-blivvy-yus]

Can confirm ball pit balls balance easier than ping pong balls do. Can also confirm that it's easier to build a 6 foot tall house of cards than to get one ping pong ball to balance on another. And if you can't keep the air very still, the balls won't stay balanced as long as the card house.

[@shrappnel21]

Missed opportunity to say _"lets get tenticle"_ smh

[@becausescience]

DAMNIT -- kH

[@alysonshorthouse8858]

For shame, Kyle.

[@GaloreInfernoLionGaming]

@@alysonshorthouse8858 hey Kyle is a human to you know can't think of everything that's cool at least he has all of us other people to mention much other awesome things like instead of living Sarlacc a plastic model of one with a lol slide out the back 😁

[@AuraTale]

@@becausescience To the pit with you.

[@samcochran8203]

@@GaloreInfernoLionGaming Kyle is anything but human, he's an ALIEN SUPERVILLAIN!

[@derekzagadinow5795]

"I got a jar of dirt! I got a jar of dirt..."

[@livedandletdie]

Guess what's inside it?

[@bravomike4734]

@@livedandletdie Where's me thumper?

[@crazyeyez1502]

❤

[@CharlesOlson711]

Now imagine giant dragonfly adult stages of the sarlacc.

[@julianciari8026]

That... is... f***ing... terrifying...

[@tylerhartlep2131]

Dear god no

[@jamiepurnell307]

The poo cry would be dam loud 😂

[@MonkeyJedi99]

I'd sell my family for a ticket off Tatooine if that were true.

[@greencreekranch]

Damn, that should be canon

[@doxodd6834]

I feel like I learn more from this channel than I did in highschool.

[@truindividual]

School period

[@raziyatheseeker]

I mean... fair.

[@rolfs2165]

*than … sorry.

[@Beegrene]

@@rolfs2165 I guess he didn't learn much in high school English class.

[@sarukydraico7397]

Me too

[@cirelancaster]

Little known fact about Antlions: They respond to pheromones that can be used by a mute engineer to break someone out of prison.

[@bigmanklar]

Eric F Poor Lazlo.

[@mikeching6374]

LOL I'm not too old to get the joke...yet....

[@sirapple589]

I don’t get it. Explanation please.

[@mikeching6374]

@@sirapple589 half life 2 reference

[@cirelancaster]

Look up the story of the MIT Scientist Gordon Freeman

[@secludedmisanthrope6388]

I've learned more science from this channel than I did the entire time I was in high school outside of Biology because that was one of my favorite classes, but this is a close contender for that as well.

[@irgendj0]

Kyle is feeding his own Sarlacc with his own clones. He's a supervillain. You won't find me. I use Express VPN

[@DerpliciousDerek]

I use X-VPN

[@irgendj0]

@@DerpliciousDerek This is why no one is able to find you.

[@livedandletdie]

I use kittens as silencers in Postal 2. Who cares which VPN you use? It doesn't really matter, Kyle uses Supervillain anti-VPN technology.

[@operatorbutt4265]

Irgend Jemand why I use bing private browser :O

[@irgendj0]

@@livedandletdie Because every f*cking KZbinr has a product placement for Express VPN.

[@OleandyrTheGreatDragonGod]

Kyle: *talks about antlions* Me: *has Half-Life 2 flasbacks*

[@AccessDenied20078]

Jango Yifftail YEEEESSSSS

[@OleandyrTheGreatDragonGod]

@@AccessDenied20078 *OH SHIT, SCP-682 ESCAPED CONTAINMENT, EVERYBODY RUN!!!*

[@tektrixter]

@@OleandyrTheGreatDragonGod Don't run, if your in the facility you know what to do when it escapes. Your best chance for survival is to follow the plan.

[@wesdesto9563]

@@tektrixter the plan is for everyone to die. Its cheaper than pink slip unemployment

[@tektrixter]

@@wesdesto9563 The Foundation doesn't pink-slip anyone. Too high of a chance for a security breach. Also, cost is not a factor when dealing with containing the skips (including personnel costs).

[@pafnutiytheartist]

Hey Kyle! I have an alternative suggestion on how to construct a cone with a perfect angle: The sarlacc burrows deep into the sand and then starts displacing sand (Perhaps simply by eating it.) If you do that at a depth you will automatically get a perfect cone around you up to the surface at the angle of repose as the sand on top will collapse down at this angle by definition.

[@twixdog3316]

But wouldn't this method actually get rid of too much sand? As even the sarlac makes movement, so if he eats that much then when someone touches it then the sand would already be at a low enough angle to not make them fall in.

[@jackielinde7568]

2:30 - Kyle explaining away the spoon on the nose trick and ruining childhood for kids of all ages.

[@formerlyknownasunipony3488]

Jack Linde Me to my child: SON, THAT'S CALLED ANGLE OF REPOSE. Your brand of magic has no place here!

[@felipeciamponi7545]

As a biologist and a star wars fan, this is probably my favorite video so far.

[@linkolek]

3:45 "...and it's so easy to measure it for different materials..." -Now I have flashbacks to Matpat's video on Nuggets cushioning.

[@skyanimal]

"Nor have you seen a large, slumping pile of boulders." Drive along I-8 between San Diego and El Centro.

[@SteveAAF]

lol, yep!

[@joewiddup9753]

Always wondered why that pile exists. Is it natural?

[@skyanimal]

They are called "The Devil's Piles." That is the lowest level of the mountains.

[@Dinoslay]

Fun fact: if a Krait dragon were to grow large enough it can dig the Sarlacc out of it’s hole and eat it. For short, they’re natural enemies.

[@marcelsevigny4957]

"That's the definition of holding in !" WOW !!! This one would stay in the Because Science's annals forever !

[@unicorn.mushroom]

Awe that's cute. You named your "tentacle", Kevin

[@adrienbrandejsky4680]

Hi Kyle, great show! The sarlacc will also probably want to maximise the surface area of its pit at the ground level to catch as many preys as possible. Because the slope of its pit has to be the sand angle of repose, the only thing that the sarlacc can do to make the largest pit is to bury itself as deeply as possible. The radius that can be achieved is then depth divided by tangent of the angle of repose (roughly 1.5 times the depth for a typical sand angle of repose of 34 degrees). It is lucky for the sarlacc that sand has a relatively small angle of repose compared with other materials as it helps creating the widest pit. A sea-side sarlacc burying itself in wet sand on the beach would be less effective (with a wet sand angle of repose of 45 degrees, the radius of the pit would be equal to the depth so the surface area would be less than half that of its desert counterpart).

[@albert109]

[Requisite "Hey Kyle; Love the show!”] Now that we've got that out of the way - Given that the sides of the pit would be at an angle (of repose) and not straight up and down, wouldn't a sarlacc ball pit be better approximated by a cone? Base area = 7.07 m^2 Height = 100 m V(cone) = 1/3 * base area * Height - 1/3 * 7.07 m^2 * 100 m = 236 m^3 Using Reddit/wiki's math of 0.00018 m^3 and a packing density of 64%, that would mean 839,111 balls, which is 1/3 less than the initial estimate. Which makes sense based on the simple difference between the conic and cylindrical volume equations. But, really, though - love the hands on/practical Bill Nye-esque demonstrations that take the theoretical and makes them real.

[@mschrisfrank2420]

Love the demonstration portion...especially the cereal.

[@becausescience]

Dude frosted flakes are much better than I remember -- kH

[@GenghisP0g]

Yes this is going in my Super Secret Super Villian Book of Tricks.... I mean uh. Cool vid, man! Thanks!

[@philipcollier4883]

Another great show Kyle keep it up 😁 9:17 remember ants can carry 50x their body weight so scaled up an ant's exoskeleton is probably tougher than mandalorian armor. Considering how infrequent ambush predators encounter food, that was probably near the minimum force needed to take it out.

[@Vigilante-cu9th]

Hey Kyle, love the show. When I was a child growing up in southern California, I remember my father pointing out ant loin larvae holes to me. I thought they where one of the coolest organisms that lived around my neighborhood. The heavy droughts and occasional downpours that make up the habitat today make it so my area can no longer support an ant lion population. I have not been able to find an ant lion hole in that area for the last 10 to 12 years. This is only one of the many changes to that local ecosystem that I have observed while I grew up there and it disgusts me. Absences of these organisms is clear and personal evidence to me that climate change is real and it drives me everyday to engage in climate activism and fight for the future of our planet.

[@IAmFirstborne]

I was waiting for the Antlion. That literally is all I was waiting for.

[@coolxplayer12]

i closed out as soon as he said tentacles "war flashbacks"

[@wolfy1398]

W H A T ????????

[@julianciari8026]

I see that you are a man of culture (wink wink, nudge nudge)

[@charlesborden8111]

Comrade! You fought against the undead squids from outer space, too?

[@OrigoZ]

sploon.

[@elanesh547]

Now we have confirmed that Kyle is a supervillain who wants to find out how to use the Sarlacc for his own evil doing

[@duchi882]

"Its not the Teeth nor the Tentacles that makes it dangerous" _Oho? What makes it dangerous then?_ 😏

[@TheodoreMinick]

Angle of repose.

[@Primordial_Radiance]

The sand...

[@NoBody-em2mf]

Tentacle hentai 😅😅

[@CyberianFaux]

@@TheodoreMinick In any other context I would be laughing until my stomach hurt tbh

[@admickey4568]

@@Primordial_Radiance so basically skywarker's weakness

[@TfkWol]

Hey Kyle, love the show. I just noticed that the Kyle falling from the sky is the Kyle from last week’s show. Did you visit Kamino and have them clone you an army of Kyles to use for all of your science experiments?

[@Not_Mondokat]

and you thought the wacky Kyle deaths were just fancy editing. He's actually murdering countless Kyle clones!

[@meganofsherwood3665]

It would be a good way to limit experimental variables inherent in different people. Although it wouldn't work well for finding averages across the population

[@Lydelith]

Recently, it came to light that the sarlacc, residing within a big sand funnel on Tatooine, and having swallowed Boba Fett, had no intention of eating him; rather, it sought to forge a friendship. In our forest, an ant lion, a near kin to the sarlacc, lives in its sandy funnel, eagerly anticipating some playful interaction.

[@loyboys]

I used to be a soil lab technician and this is one of the things we used to test in the old lab, the angle of repose, especially for sandy material that would be used on construction sites. This hit so many old little things I had gotten used to but my friend whom I watched this with had no idea about.

[@SeReGGa64]

*tenticle trying to touch Kyle* "Save it for the special edition, Kevin!" Just what kind of things are gonna be in this special edition O_O

[@sarukydraico7397]

Love your show Kyle

[@velquar]

Hello, Kyle. Show's great as always! I know you are a huge Witcher fan so I have a trivia for you: In the books, in The Witcher saga, Ciri once encountered huge fantasy ant-lions. When she accidentally teleported from Tor Lara onto the Korath Desert, also known as the Frying Pan. She was travelling with a unicorn and they encountered a number of conical holes in the sand. Some a couple of feet wide, other - dozens of feet wide. Unfortunately she slipped and fell into the pit. Huge jaws sprung out the middle as she slid lover and tried to grab her. She tried to use the sword, but the creature was too deep, she only stabbed sand. Than, she used aard-like spell directly on the jaws, blowing the sand out and revealing a larve body. The creature quickly started to burrow itself deeper, feeling exposed. The unicorn fell in also, got bitten in the leg, poisoned be a creature venom etc.. But the giant ant-lion did not only wait for a prey to fall in but it actively was shooting a fountains of sand to cause a sand slide from the edges inward, so the prey wasn't even safe at the edge of the cone pit.

[@SumoPirate]

Antlion fun fact: The larvae don't only throw sand up to achieve the angle of repose, that's not metal enough. They also throw sand at their prey as a "friendly" invitation to lunch. It's like when they throw rice at a wedding, but instead of entering a car and riding off to your honeymoon, you enter an X-wing and fly off to Alderaan.

[@KevinAccetta]

Thanks to Final Fantasy I always thought antlions were actually big creatures, similar in size to something like a komodo dragon for example.

[@becausescience]

That and Half-Life 2 -- kH

[@KevinAccetta]

@@becausescience I actually haven't played half life (I know, cardinal sin for a gamer lol), but just looked it up. Yeah, pretty big, and more insect like than FF's antlions.

[@Just_som_Ottur]

Love the animation of boba fett using his jet pack to fly out of the sarlacc pit - you’ve done Star Wars fans proud

[@Fnordathoth]

Thank you for getting rid of Audrey II at the beginning of the video and returning the Sarlacc to its original appearance. Beyond that, this video was excellent, with its practical explanation of how the Sarlacc would optimize its ability to capture prey.

[@isaacthek]

It's the sand, like an ant lion. Angle of repose

[@isaacthek]

Called it.

[@isaacthek]

Conversely, if the sand is too fine it would increase the electrostatic interactions and INCREASE the angel of repose like with flour. If the sand itself is either too coarse or fine, Kevin could secrete an oily substance to saturate the surrounding soil and increase the angle of repose for his pit above that of the surrounding sand, catching Jawas and banthas unawares.

[@TheCrosshare]

Just because i know that everyone is just dying to know it, i went back and researched the video to conclude that: The coinflip would've been heads. You're welcome!

[@jamiepurnell307]

Heads I win, tails you lose! I always fell for that as a kid 😂

[@pkextra2834]

Man, I was really excited. I thought I was gonna be able to breed a mini sarlacc

[@MatterBeamTSF]

I love the practical demonstrations!

[@becausescience]

Love when I get to do them -- kH

[@michaelbaggett9883]

Hey Kyle, this show is awesome. I love all the nerdy conversations that I get into because of these topics. Question though: with all that sand collapsing back into the pit, at what point does the Sarlac get to full of sand? Once it does, does it then throw the sand back up and reapply it to the mounds? Wouldn't this be an opportunity for the poor helpless souls trapped inside to escape. Oh wait... are you researching this as a guard for secret liar. I see what your doing evil genius. Might want to make sure they cant escape with the excess sand.

[@joda7697]

they probably have sand gills that filter everything coarser than sand out

[@pockystyx4087]

Imagine if the sarlacc was the larvae of some flying space beast. . .

[@in_the_wake]

Hey Kyle, love the shoooow! (Insert obligatory thumbs-up here) About increasing the angle of repose by adding something to your materials. We do this every day with dirt. Dirt is used to build foundations for everything from buildings to highway overpasses, and the best part is how cheap it is. One of its other great properties is its compressive strength, being able to support very heavy loads without failing, but its drawback is that it lacks shear strength (which is why it has a typically low angle of repose). This causes problems with settling, the dirt moving out of the way of the load it's supposed to be carrying, erosion from the side of structures, etc. To mitigate this, we use what is called Mechanically Stabilized Earth -- a composite of layers of earth held together with some kind of reinforcement. This reinforcement can vary from steel sheets to a durable fabric -- think the black ground cloth people use to prevent weeds in rock gardens. This adds tensile strength that prevents the force of the load from causing the material to shear, so that the force it exerts is downward rather than outward. MSE can support heavy loads without shearing, and its angle of repose is near verticle. Putting up a retaining wall is so much easier if all it has to do is prevent erosion rather than hold back the weight of an entire hill. In fact, if you've seen a retaining wall near a highway overpass with those tall cement walls, you've seen mechanically stabilized earth at work. The cement wall is there to prevent erosion from the side. Concrete, as has been stated before, has terrible tensile strength, and so could not realistically hold back the weight of the cars passing overhead causing the dirt to buckle outwards, but it can hold back the few pounds of dirt that want to slip out of the side of the MSE. It's fun to drive past construction sites and see that black cloth poking out from under the dirt and realize that such a simple principle has been around you for years without you even knowing about it. (Credit goes to Real Engineering for doing a video about this subject, which is how I came to learn about it. Huzzah for educational entertainment!)

[@d.dementedengineerc99isurf26]

My dad is a geotechnical engineer. I would be surprised if he hadn't heard of this.

[@timmayknight]

Hey Kyle, awesome video. As a civil engineer, it's nice seeing you talk about stuff I once learned in college. If you want to get technical about what type of civil engineering you're describing, it's called "geotechnical engineering". It's a fun word to make people either tune you out or instantly become impressed. There are around 5 disciplines within civil engineering that are all barely related to each other. Geotechnical engineering is about soil strength, earthquakes, etc. Not once was the sarlacc pit mentioned in the classes I took, unfortunately. It's a great object lesson. Keep up the videos, I like learning about what you share while I'm working.

[@jamesleduke873]

Small problem, in both continuities, Sarlaccs are found all over the galaxy. And in Legends, it's stated that the Sarlacc on Tatooine was unusual for surviving on such a dry planet, and that they're better suited for wetter environments, such as Felucia.

[@CaptainJackMorenzo]

Kyle: Woah! Come on man, he's already dead! Antlion: So anyway, I started THRASHING!

[@wheelyone8269]

When you have had A-level physics lessons a couple of days before the topic appears in these videos *Coincidence, I think not!

[@nerdlingful]

Phase One: Get a Sarlacc. Phase Two: Phase Three: Profit!!

[@alexconnor9679]

Just discovered this channel today and I’ve literally just been binge watching these lol

[@green7449]

"Ice is slippery!" Write that down, write that down. These are the words of a genius. A Genius I tell you!

[@Brendakye2468]

A few months back I was researching angles of repose to try and come up with an estimation of the outward forces put on the walls of a box that was filled with some substance and came across almost all of this. As soon as, in the last video, you talked about engineering the perfect sarlac pit the first thing I thought of was if you were going to talk about the antlion larvae and thus far I am not disappointed. The formula I kind of came up with went to calculate how much of the substance would be sitting outside of said box if it were a pile and taking the mass of that to calculate the force. It's cool stuff.

[@zerotriple431]

Loved the show! I'm working as a structural engineer and just had a project that involved the angles of repose for several materials. I had to design retrofits for a warehouse dealing with storing various dry materials and had to determine how high the material would rise up the walls from a central dump point in order to accurately design those walls. Love that you're getting these engineering concepts out there in a fun way, keep it going!

[@d.dementedengineerc99isurf26]

Huh. Any material in particular, like powdered cement or sand? Something else?

[@zerotriple431]

It was a little bit of everything. Fertilizers and salts mostly, but they gave us a list of about 40 different products that could've been placed in there. I had to make a large spreadsheet to decipher it all and actually use that info.

[@d.dementedengineerc99isurf26]

@@zerotriple431 I wonder what if any precautions will be used to reduce the great fire-hazard these warehouses would present. My father has told me that just about anything powdered finely enough can be explosive in nature, from flour and grain dust to even cement! Fertilizers would almost certainly be a fire hazard.

[@zerotriple431]

@@d.dementedengineerc99isurf26 Oh yeah, that's definitely true! The place is located out in the middle of nowhere for one thing, to isolate it from damaging other buildings if that were to happen. Additionally, it's my understanding that they have fire fighting materials all over the place. Also there would only be a relatively small number of people in the building at one time, maybe 3 at most (one operating an end-loader to empty bins onto trains and one or two up top operating the conveyor/dumper that would fill the different bins). I say "my understanding" there because we weren't conducting a code review as part of this, so we didn't review fire safety information. That typically falls more on the architects at the time a place is originally built or to fire marshals after it's built.

[@tjsteyn3403]

Hey Kyle. Love the show. I spent my 20s as a safari guide in Southern Africa, and have witnessed many an epic battle between antlions (lacewing larva) and ants that strayed from the group. An additional benefit the walls have, is that they allow the antlion to release their quarry if they are in danger. The ant can’t reposition and escape because they expose their backs to the predator. Between small antlions and large ants, it’s more of a war of attrition than an outright kill. Love the show (again).

[@jesselewis7391]

Kyle please never stop making videos , you are literally all I watch KZbin , other than of course the command zone ( I'm a huge mtg fan ) , and you really make my day , with your jokes

[@liosns]

thank god this episode didn't turn into a tentacle hentai.

[@Dinoslay]

If that keeps COPPA at bay, anything goes. 👅

[@raziyatheseeker]

Yes... but it still had vore

[@Penjulum]

I find it humorous watching Kyle dump the stuff onto the table from transparent containers that themselves show the angle of repose. Especially since he's getting a kick from it as he does it.

[@shaunrichardson3333]

Love the mini demonstrations!!!! Please doing more!!! Always love your show too!

[@potter_productions]

i learned more from this show than i did my GCSE textbook

[@lagvaldemag8593]

5:06 Flour: It's over, Sand! I have the high ground!

[@JCintheBCC]

Yeah! Something I can comment on! I actually am a material scientist and my brother-in-law is an avalanche forecaster! Angle of repose is a notoriously difficult value to calculate because it depends on a combination of the particle size, aspect ratio, rigidity, static friction, and density. And that's assuming the particles are uniform. If you add in two different materials, it becomes an absolute nightmare. It's one of those properties that is wildly easier to measure for a material than calculate. Calculating the "avalanche angle" for actual avalanches, though, is far beyond that. Snow is extremely difficult to predict because the snowpack almost always includes snow of different ages from different storms at different temperatures. Depending on the classification system you use (I prefer Wilson Bentley's) there are at least 8 different types of snowflakes and, as the saying goes, almost an infinite number of variants within those. Further, snow can clump together mechanically. Think about all those dendrites of the classic snowflake mechanically locking together. Snow can also clump by melting and refreezing together with interstitial growth. However, interstitial growth is commonly amorphous ice and exhibits different material strength to crystalline ice. Snow can also sublimate below freezing temperatures and refreeze to form depth hoar and surface hoar, changing the snowpack even when temperatures stay below freezing and there is no precipitation. To make it all worse, snowpack is a near perfect black body radiator, creating strong thermal gradients within the snowpack on clear, cold nights. All of this ignores the heat generation during compression of the snowpack or even during an actual avalanche that changes the material properties of the snow on the hillside. Because of these properties of fluffy frozen water, determining an "avalanche angle" for actual avalanches is probably the hardest avalanche angle to determine. Oh yeah. Love the show and your hair. Keep it up.

[@JCintheBCC]

Yes! I got hearted by BS! Sweet, sweet acknowledgement!

[@davidalearmonth]

Kyle gives new meaning to "a balanced breakfast".

[@LastusDarkness666]

Hello! I just wanted to point somethings out. First: Sorry about my English, it’s not my main language so I may write something wrong; Second: Let’s remember the facts we have about Kyle up until now, one he has incredible durability, like astronomical resistance, why? He lives in the vacum and has shown many times that things that should kill you or me will not kill him and even if something kill him, he has clones... Next we have his powers, like his strength, remember when he grabbed that rod of Zeus like it was nothing? Yeah, next he made friends(?) with aliens like the Predators and the Turians ( Garrus was his partner for some time of you know what I mean) Then he shows he can fall for almost half a minute and land with no damage, or he can survive in the bottom of the ocean where everyone knows is hard to survive even for the machines we send down there. Next , he has pet dinosaurs, has a evil lair (he said it in one episode), can travel in time, and space, has laser sharks, can use the power of the force and even the bionics from Mass effect. Now after all that he is a super genius, with unlimited clones, and even have his own pit with a sand monster to kill his opponents..... if this doesn’t screams SUPER EVIL MASTERMIND OF DOOM!! I don’t know what does. Love the show Kyle, I am here since the time you had short hair and baby face hahahahaha! P.S: You can’t send someone to murder me, I am not even in this timeline muaahahhhaha.

[@bdydrpd8825]

Love that I learned a lot about the first formula you put up there in accident reconstruction classes, coefficient of friction aka mu!!

[@TheMarshmellowLife]

Howdy Kyle. I love the show and just recently watched endgame so I could finally watch the only 2 episodes I've ever missed. You mentioned wet sand has nearly 90° angle of repose and then never talked about it contributing to the design. What if the sarlac wets down the top layer of the sand with the tentacles and then builds the angles of the pit even steeper? Similar to how a sand castle can stay standing when dry if it doesn't get disturbed. And then if any disturbance happens, the pit would be even harder to escape. I mean, I have rolled halfway down a dune and then stopped by digging in my extremities. I think I was able to build up enough under my elbows and feet and dig them deep enough that the internal angle from where my weight was being placed to the outside layer of sand was below the angle of repose. If the angle was 'super reposed' then there would be no chance of that. The issue I see would be whether or not this moisture expense would be worth the return when prey/prisoners get eaten. I believe it would be because the antlion has to just catch lightweight bugs and ants specifically. These creatures can't put enough oomff behind any particular leg to drive it into the sand and stop their decent. When scaling up to a pit that humanoids would be prey to, the angle of repose is easier to overcome. This might be down to particle size vs prey but I'm not sure. I do know that digging my hands into sand is preferable to trying it in handsized rocks. So if you were guaranteed to have dinner by spending a little more resources vs being stingy and allowing the prey the possibility of escape, I think I would take the former option. The sarlac that Jabba used could have adapted to not doing anything extra because Jabba makes sure that the prey goes down which removes the need to sacrifice the large amount of moisture building a better pit. What we have here is a case of a lazy sarlac. I, for one, can respect that 🙃

[@MySerpentine]

Sand is easier to dig into, but it's harder to climb unless the rock is improbably smooth.

[@TheMarshmellowLife]

@@MySerpentine but since you've stopped short of the sarlac itself, you have time to figure out how to climb the sand

[@Aureu]

Kyle: Ice is slippery! Me: WOOOOOOOOOOOOOW! 😲😲😲

[@MonkeyJedi99]

Oddly, ice itself is not that slippery, but it is the layer of melted water that forms between it and a object like your foot or a car's tires due to a combination of heat and/or pressure that makes it slippery. Which is why those air-bladder boots the military uses are effective, the sole of the boot is insulated from the wearer's feet enough that they stay below melting temperature, and the wider footprint helps reduce the pressure effect.

[@YoshionoKimochi]

Hey Kyle, there's another example of this exact type of creature in movies, one of my all time favorites - Enemy Mine. It uses the same principle except it had a rocky ridge that if anything fell over the edge the sand inside that pit kept anything from climbing out. It also had a long tentacle to tongue that extended and latched on to its prey. We first see it devour a puppy sized beetle turtle thing by latching onto its shell and later the guy falls in and is saved. But what is different about this one is that after they cut the tongue off the actual beast from below emerges. Nothing like that happens in starwars canon. In Enemy Mine, you get to see how yeah, it was a creature that burred itself deep into ground, AND spits out whatever it can't eat, which it does so really quickly. A much better sarlac imo - and it uses the exact same principal!

[@SymbioteMullet]

More practical demonstrations please! We're having fun watching you have fun! Because of science!

[@iacobibrasiliensium2139]

"oh oh right in my face!" -Kyle Katarn Thorius 2020 0:09

[@kodyjayvin]

This would actually make a very good science fair project. I'll try to keep this in mind when I eventually father offspring and they attend an institution of learning!

[@SquadXmpA]

Sarlacc pit improvement opportunity: use saliva for higher angles. I learned something today!

[@timakins6852]

Best summary of Boba Fett I've ever heard!! Best part of the video.

[@noodel3374]

2:25 we hear that the Void has something like a Stone or different hard flor... its the just a large window at his Labor to clone himself

[@Dino-qq2wx]

Now if we know the height of Kyle we can calculate the strength of gravity of the void

[@natversluys3403]

Howdy there, Partner! Long time fan of this here show you gots and glad to finally have a good input to the subject at hand! Angle of Repose is actually a pretty important phenomena used in modern civil engineering. Specifically what I think of is highway exit/entrance ramps in more rural areas. These typically need to no take up a lot of horizontal space but still need to rise significantly and also support the weight and vibration of several cars as well as the road itself. In Urban environments you'd just make a concrete ramp and that's that. But that's too expensive for the majority of ramps, so a lot of the time you'll see these hills being constructed primarily of dirt which has a decent angle of Repose as it stands. However there's a way to make that angle of Repose even greater than 45º and that's through reinforced, or laminated, dirt. Practical Engineering on KZbin does a great job of explaining this but imagine you have a box mold. If you fill it with dry sand and slide it out of the mold, it will instantly assume it's angle of Repose, if you try it again with wet sand the water will hold the sand together mostly and retain the box shape when removed from the mold but can't even hold the weight of a toddler. Now take that sand lay down an inch or so (depending on scale) of wet sand. Then lay down a section of a cloth and then keep alternating sand with cloth until your mold is full. Remove it from the mold and the integrity of your new cube has enough strength to hold the weight of a car if done by 1ft³. I guess an interpretation of this could be that with each sheet of cloth you reset the height of the angle of repose? Not sure. But yeah that's why you'll see these ramps made mostly entirely of dirt but still have the entirely 90º faces that are facing the road that goes under the bridge. Love your show and love the content. You should consider getting a goatee. I hear they're all the rage these days Platonicly love you, Nat Versluys

[@deusexaethera]

The sarlacc doesn't need to "engineer" the angle of its sand pit. It only needs to burrow itself into the sand deep enough that the sand starts to fall into its burrow.

[@vickiignaszak5041]

I mean, sarlaccs aren't immobile until at least after they reach maturity. For the first 30,000 years of their life they're mobile. According to wookipedia (I think most of this information comes from comics or books which are accepted as canon), when they reach a certain age they then find a good spot and burrow into the ground. So I'd imagine the engineering of the pit occurs as similar to an ant-lion where they could burrow in circles from the surface to form a cone and then fling sand up from the bottom.

[@klintyfye]

As a woodworker, I just want to clarify this since it no physicist I've talked to knew this. As we all know, there are many different types of wood with different styles of fibers, densities e.t.c and some physicists account for that. But the surface of wood can be vastly different depending on a few factors. Number 1. By using sandpaper you can reduce or increase the amount of friction the wood can have. Number 2. If you have made a guitar or a piece of furniture out of wood. You will almost certainly either lacker it or oil it. This fills the fibers and overall makes the surface smoother. Number 2.5. If you use, for example, polyurethane lacker. The surface will no longer be wood, so you will have to use the frictional constant for polyurethane instead. Then again. Some physicists I know use 10 as the gravitational constant so I don't think they care anyway. P.S love the show, and you Kyle

[@Mongward]

Sarlacc has life figured out. It just has to lie back and let others feed it. Burrowed so deep into the sand it probably even is the only creature on Tattoine that doesn't need to actively cool itself down.

[@jatelf7]

Damn it, Kevin.

[@guitardavepdx]

I have to say, I think you have an amazing way of getting very complex ideas across in easy to understand ways. I also appreciate that you keep your content clean and family friendly. I watch this with my kids and never have to worry about what they might hear or see. It's something that is hard to find on here anymore. Lastly, how would you go about justifying a creature as large as this existing in such a barren locale even with all of its natural preparations? I'm a hunter (I know, I know, hate on me if you want but it's the cleanest eating out there) and you can tell what animals are around you by the environment they live in, such as food supply, water, shelter and the like. The sarlac appears to be massive, how and why would it choose there to set up shop?

[@erinkarp6317]

Do you ever think about how when Boba Fett escaped the sarlacc pit in legends, he should've been a lot less injured? It takes 1000 years for the pit to digest its prey, yet in legends, the *first* time Boba escapes it, he's covered in acid burns, and his armor is severely damaged.

[@Comrade2261]

This is awesome.

[@adorimable9690]

Me and the sarlacc have the same name because Kyle thought it would funny to name a giant sand hole monster Kevin.

[@RandomVideos-nv3dg]

Hi Kyle love the show🙌🏾 Back in Kenya (kakuma) when I was a kid I used to find these antlion larvae pits on dry sand but also wet sand especially after a rainy day you’d find way more pits, I remember almost always finding two antlion larvae in one pit is that normal ? Also when’s the next episode of “because space”

[@Dinoslay]

They must have been room mates.

[@infinitenemesis6284]

Actually, there is another creature known as the Bobbit Worm which stays buried in the sand on the ocean floor, however, it is much more aggressive than the Sarlacc. The Bobbit Worm actually comes out of its hiding place and snatches almost anything it can get its jaws around.

[@Beegrene]

There's a stir fry place in Chicago called Flat Top where you throw a bunch of ingredients in a bowl and then they cook them up for you. I like to get my money's worth, so I figured out the angles of repose for all the different ingredients so I could put the low angle ingredients at the bottom of the bowl and the high angle ingredients at the top, above the rim, so that I could maximize the amount of food I got. They used to have separate bowl for the proteins, which of course meant I'd walk over with a tower of meat sticking out of the bowl, precisely stacked to maximize my meat.

[@tawon1984]

0:23 Dude is shredded, he’s got a nine pack 💪

[@mikeryan5704]

I'm glad to see that there is food in void to sustain you.

[@dragonbuster1174]

He doesn't need to eat to sustain himself, he just likes the mouth feel.

[@grinreaperoftrolls7528]

Fun story, if you put some sheets in the sand, it dramatically increases the shear strength. There’s a great video by Practical Engineering demonstrating this concept.

[@mystarwarscustoms4642]

Very well put, loved it.

[@wildera7456]

I appreciate the anakin reference you slid in there

[@natanjordao4411]

Making a mess in the void huh, Kyle

[@PtrOBrn]

I always enjoyed feeding Antlions in Michigan. I would wait for an ant to come along and using a stick I would flick it into the antlion's cone. the ant would struggle to get out and then the antlion would pull it under.

[@shapeswitch_mood7221]

"I'll make a pile of sand to show how small the height is!" *Proceed to pour all the sand not on one point but everywhere around to make a flat surface*