How to present qualitative findings

In this video, I explain how to present and discuss findings in qualitative research. I discuss the use of visual representations (e.g. diagrams, charts, etc.), and then the order in which we should discuss our findings in the findings chapter (e.g. to discuss them by the themes in our data, by method of data collection or by the types of participants)
➡️ Feel free to ask me questions in the comments, and if you feel that you may require a more guided assistance, you can book a lesson with me through the following link drkriukow.com/qualitative-res...
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➡️ Visit my website (drkriukow.com) for access to more resources, blog, a free self-study course on how to develop a research topic and a free ebook on qualitative research methods

[@qualitativeresearcher]

Visit my website and explore the different ways in which I can support you and your study! drkriukow.com/my-services/

[@EirikAven]

I have avoided so many pitfalls because of you! Thank you so much! My bachelor thesis is saved

[@noursalem1320]

This video is like a life saving for me. Thank you so much. It is very clear and informative

[@vishnuamritha]

thank you dear sir , for explaining the different categories of writing the findings

[@YenNguyen-hy4lt]

I find the table very useful for my dissertation. It fits well with the aim of presenting various difficulties.

[@susanthikaratnayake5317]

Thank god I found your videos, I'm going to get my research done... thankyou very much for sharing your knowledge 😊

[@jayaprakashj.k.7481]

It's clear with the focus on presenting the qualitative findings...thank you for the lecture😊

[@verahempel2863]

comprehensive, clear and very helpful

[@rubenafleed7893]

your a life saver, may god bless you with good

[@marvinz4919]

Thank you so much. Your presentation are very enlightening!

[@bigdimples1624]

Thank you so much for this helpful content, I was head stuck here in the early morning as I lacked understanding of this, but you've saved my life, South African Postgraduate Student here. I should get you that coffee definitely lol. Thank you

[@desertman2296]

Thanks, your explanation is always informative

[@lydianembia9738]

Sooo helpful piece for my dissertation. Thank you for this insightful presentation.

[@enozoam]

Thank you for this, Professor.

[@mariamnessi]

Thank you for these videos, very helpful! Very appreciated

[@shafiulalam7391]

thanks for the clear explanation. helped me to plan my research document

[@alexandramiteva4268]

This was sooo helpful to me! Thank you so much 😊

[@fizzkhan203]

Extremely useful tips,thank you very much.

[@jamesclark6142]

Very Helpful! Thank you!

[@marygorrethnamuddu6670]

Extremely helpful. Thank you

[@ablabenbellal2509]

very useful. Thank you Dr.

[@asienzochristine9707]

Thank you very much for this wonderful presentation- Juba South Sudan

[@joan296]

Thank you for this video. I have been through many video on coding for qualitative data. This video is the most helpful because you have actually shown how you have gone through each step even with fictitious data, making it very practical and relevant

[@qualitativeresearcher]

thank you! I think you may also like my 3 part series "from codes to themes"!

[@gulnarorynbek6851]

thank you so much!! it is really helpful!

[@carlettenorwood2935]

1:25 - 2:27 - Got it! 9:20 - 12:40 was really helpful info on how I can present the findings in my comparative study. Thanks again.

[@j_sapa2ls402]

Thank you for posting this comment! It was nice referencing those specific points in the video.

[@leonorapoe9218]

Thank you so much for this informative video, sir!

[@perpetualnwankwo5862]

Thank you so much for this. You just know this so well. I was wondering how you were able to just talk and talk about this like it's a part of you. I look forward to knowing this the way you do. I had to watch this video 3times to be able to digest it and make notes. And yes, a diagramatic representation of this spectacular teaching would really go a long way. Thanks again. I am grateful.

[@qualitativeresearcher]

Thank you for this feedback. Regarding your question, once you understand that thematic analysis is really not that difficult and is actually quite a simple and common sense process (have a look at my video "Coding and thematic analysis explained in 5 minutes"), talking about it becomes easy too. Because I talk about simple actions and facts, not about some complex theory, as so many authors are trying to make us think.

[@jaydeford-turner7018]

Thank you so much. So informative

[@vincentjonacerbatos3704]

Thank you so much for this information.

[@paulmcbride7432]

This video was very useful. It would have been good to have a visual to picture the various thematic frameworks, perhaps a simple flow chart whereby you are able move the text boxes around to illustrate the different chapter structures? Great content, thanks again!

[@qualitativeresearcher]

Thank you Paul, for the great feedback and suggestions. I know I need to work on this aspect of some of my videos. I just don't really know what to use for visualisations like this, I would like to at least have some virtual equivalent of a whiteboard to draw my ideas on it as I speak but I am not that competent and knowledgeable when it comes to computers. I hope I will find some platform or software that I can use for this in the future

[@SiriusZcs]

​@@qualitativeresearcher Great videos! You could use the online platform miro for visualization. It is quite self-explaining and I used this for visualizing my (qualitative) findings to represent connections.

[@nixxy1030]

This channel is what I needed. I have had a lot of issues with my research becase with my group we decided to carry out a focal group to understand the experiences that tre service teachers had during the quarentine and we also did a questionare to be aware of the context of each participant, but we had no idea in how to 1) organize the data 2) how to present it. However, with the thematic analysis we were able to organize our chapter and now we at least know what are we going to writte. I just wanted to thank you, you have saved our investigation xd

[@qualitativeresearcher]

Thank you for taking the time to share this feedback, you're welcome and I am very glad that my content help you and your group!

[@oneiroasteria]

Thank you so much Dr Kriukow for this very informative video. I have conducted very similar data collection to the example that you are referring to in this video, so I was happy to listen to your helpful suggestions and recommendations. I can not thank you enough!

[@qualitativeresearcher]

Excellent! thank you for sharing this !

[@saramaynard8655]

Thankyou so much this has helped me for my Uni assignment on lockdown where I have to do a report LIFE SAVER

[@Rowenagander]

this was really helpful. Thank you

[@rihamattia6579]

This is a great video and discussion, thank you for sharing a variety of perspectives on how to present findings and "use qualitative language and approach.

[@qualitativeresearcher]

you're welcome!

[@esbjornakesson3412]

I like your straight forward approach.

[@qualitativeresearcher]

thank you!

[@annettethomasbrown7412]

Thank you so much for this presentarion and you answered the question I have been bouncing around when presenting numbers. Thank you for clarifying this. Annette

[@qualitativeresearcher]

You're very welcome! Glad that the video helped

[@GraceAndGratitude]

Learning a lot, watching your videos back to back, great job & great help 👍

[@qualitativeresearcher]

Glad that you found me ! :)

[@zakiin8561]

You saved me ! Thank you so much

[@8thhouse80somthin]

So informative, helpful and clear. Thank you 👌🏾👍🏽

[@qualitativeresearcher]

Glad it was helpful!

[@mariannepfly1906]

Love your videos, thanks!

[@qualitativeresearcher]

Thanks for watching!

[@siyasangaqupe6529]

I’m doing a mixed methods study. Found this super helpful. Thank you

[@qualitativeresearcher]

Glad it was helpful!

[@CitiShari]

Really grateful. Thank you!

[@qualitativeresearcher]

Glad it helped!

[@MarkJones-hp3tw]

Fantastic Video. A natural teacher. Thank you from the U.K. Masters Engineering Student.

[@qualitativeresearcher]

Thank you Mark, such feedback means a lot to me!

[@Danielsilva12]

Thank you for the video, very helpful!

[@qualitativeresearcher]

Glad it was helpful!

[@meaghanwellsliddy3048]

Your videos are great. They have helped me from day one of starting this masters thesis. Especially through Covid, thank you !!

[@stephenlutoti7435]

Thanks for the insights shared.

[@qualitativeresearcher]

My pleasure!

[@davidhughes4489]

This was more than very helpful in getting a starting point for my next piece of work. many thanks

[@qualitativeresearcher]

Glad it was helpful!

[@khadizah202]

Thank you very much.

[@cassia7803]

it is very clear and helpful! thank you!

[@qualitativeresearcher]

Glad it was helpful!

[@claricer.6690]

Thanks for your generosity in sharing these videos. If people want you to answer their specific questions, then they really should hire you privately and compensate you for your professional services.

[@qualitativeresearcher]

They do! I do offer private tutorials and these are quite popular (although there was one person who once accused me of being unethical and un-academic because I "monetize my knowledge" LOL)

[@lalairviana2662]

Thank you so much, Im one of your big fan. Your tutorial is very helpful for new bee in qualitative like me. Thank you from Indonesia

[@qualitativeresearcher]

You are most welcome - and I love Indonesia (been only once but will be back)

[@creativebusinessandacademi8511]

Nice explanation of the concepts. just as a second thought using a sample presentation might clarify the concepts even more.

[@soomg7583]

Thanks for sharing ..

[@me21464]

Thank you for saving me from chasing my tail!

[@thanhvan3007]

very insprised, thank you a lot.

[@qualitativeresearcher]

you're welcome!

[@dracomalfidus5961]

It would be much more easier to show us an examples like how you devide the groups on the tables and charts. By imagining it, it is difficult :((

[@qualitativeresearcher]

Thank you for your feedback, I will take this into consideration for sure

[@jezwendergabot5532]

True, there should be examples presented 😅😅😅

[@prout7569]

Yeah, he waffles on expecting everyone to understand, typical professor really.

[@aycakinik]

I think this video is very helpful in gaining a perspective on presenting findings. It even helped my struggle about coding and analysis. I can imagine how it won't help everyone but it would be unfair to expect that from a 20 mins video. And it would be too long for people who want to gain perspective if every detail of the data was explained and the video was 40 mins. So thanks a lot!

[@user55lovesfr95]

Showing more would be better than just explaining, Dr. Kriukow.

[@sylamseto]

Sir, I would like to see a graphic presentation of findings.

[@yabinjobe4160]

Thank you very beneficial. Can you make a video on using NVivo?

[@enozoam]

I am a visual artist and the video on ABR was quite beneficial to me. If there are more videos on ABR it will be really helping to my research.

[@pokanefesi8790]

I've been watching your videos Dr. And I found them to be so very helpful. Now I'd like to ask if it is possible that I can make themes out of my questions. In my research, I have 5 questions and how do I go about creating themes for my analysis for all of those questions. I'm in that manual or ms word analysis steps

[@bobbyjericpedraza9882]

Thanks

[@Hikmatnoma]

How would the theoretical and conceptual affect the discussion section? Can you make a separate video about it?

[@tettyfelarious2304]

How should I present data for a meta synthesis? In a similar way?

[@me21464]

Thank you...sent my Chair my 2nd draft and he said that my themes are not accurate! I’m tired of this!!

[@Journeybacktoself]

Hi Dr J! Could you kindly do a video on types of qualitative interviews(dos and don'ts) , please?

[@qualitativeresearcher]

Hi Amara, I do have a few videos about interviewing (just type "interview" in the search box in the videos section), as well as a whole self-study course about qualitative interviews ! you can find it here www.udemy.com/course/how-to-do-qualitative-interviews/?referralCode=C6C0F17576EE4DA3D3DD

[@katearkley2209]

Extremely helpful video- thank you ! For A constructivist-led grounded theory study , I think best to organise findings into core category and properties then discuss consistency across participants with quotes etc as opposed to frequency since the findings reflect significant (not frequency) does that make sense ?

[@qualitativeresearcher]

Agree, but I also think reporting the frequency may help see the consistency. I know some oppose the idea of coding frequencies in Qual reports, but I strongly support it, even in GT

[@katearkley2209]

@@qualitativeresearcher Yes, I agree with you - they will show consistency in agreement with codes across the participants-adding to the audit trail I guess. Thank you !! Excellent resources.

[@nouriman9464]

could you please present to us, how is the findings chapter different than the discussion chapter

[@Nbl.369]

Let suppose I have one variable having ten statements I used questionnaire tool with Likert scales. And get data from Likert scale choices. Then can i use the same statements, I mean same questionnaire of this varible while conducting semi structure interview? Can I use the bi_variate analysis to check the relationship in qual study?

[@rashidqutub5370]

Thanks. What about mixed method in qualitative research ? is there any video of yours on this topic ?

[@qualitativeresearcher]

I do have several videos about mixed methods, as well as paradigms in mixed methods research

[@lindakimencu4337]

This is very helpful, how do you report qualitative data from documents without the risk of plagiarism? especially where you have to use extracts from the documents to explain a theme.

[@qualitativeresearcher]

Good question - I never thought about this , but my guess is that due to the nature of your data, even if some plagiarism is being automatically detected, the person in charge would actually go through the examples and understand what is happening

[@emefatagboto1563]

Hi! Thank you so much for your videos, they have been a huge help! I wanted to ask on brief question. I've done a qualitative research study and included quotes within the results sections to back up what I'm saying. I'm wondering if it's worth putting a seperate coding/quote table in the appendix or not, so they can see multiple quotes under one theme, that I haven't necessary included in the body (Due to word count) I've heard varying information on it, and not sure what the best thing to do here is?

[@qualitativeresearcher]

This will depend on the preference, wordcount, etc. Some supervisors even encourage students to do so. I would say, why not - IF the appendix does NOT count towards your wordcount. If it does, there are better ways to use these words

[@yejidejones8707]

Hello thank you for this video. All the articles I have chosen used cross sectional study and it is difficult to find the themes cos they conducted interviews and they didn't come up with specific themes. How do I create themes from these articles? Please help.

[@qualitativeresearcher]

yes, but surely you chose these articles because they have something in common? You had some selection criteria, so these can potentially give you some ideas for themes, rather than the themes that emerged in the described studies

[@marikvara]

It was very helpful, thank you!

[@Noah-ky9hd]

Thanks a lot for very useful tips. I am wondering if you have any advice on how to trim results from experts interviews that amounted to eight major themes in 13 pages. How to do that and yet still be able to provide enough comments for evidence and credibility.

[@qualitativeresearcher]

I would say this simply depends on which themes/sub-themes you decide to keep. And this, in turn, will depend on your research questions and aims, so you need to think of 1) your research questions and aims, 2) the overall "story" or narrative that you will present when answering these questions, 3) both of the above will help you decide what themes and sub-themes stay and which ones will not be used to tell that "story". I also have some videos on how to develop a thematic framework (in the data analysis playlist) that you may find useful

[@Noah-ky9hd]

@@qualitativeresearcherThanks for your kind reply. I will surly look at those videos. I do not know how to thank you for your kindness and for the advice. This is so helpful. I will surely try to keep themes most relevant to answer my questions. I guess it will be even clearer once I start the discussion chapter. Thanks a lot once again.

[@petekinnas5648]

Ditto on the visuals: Would help significantly to have a visual illustrating the different ways to organize your findings (e.g., thematic vs. participants/benefits--challenges, etc.

[@qualitativeresearcher]

thank you, I will try to use more such visuals in my future videos on this topic

[@petekinnas5648]

@@qualitativeresearcher Right on!

[@raacdeeyeacademy983]

Do i cite quantitive article or research if my research is qualitative approach?

[@qualitativeresearcher]

if you need to cite a quantitative article in a qualitative study, you have every right to do so :)

[@emanalhjaji9912]

Thank you Dr Krakow it is so useful. I have a question how Can I discuss the results while using Thematic Analysis for Mixed-Method approach?

[@qualitativeresearcher]

exactly same advice that I give in this video will apply, when I talk about the different methods of data collection. It is up to you if you divide the sections by the method or by the key findings

[@emanalhjaji9912]

@@qualitativeresearcher many thanks

[@inityo]

in a qualitative research using TA to analyse interviews; do we present a results section and a discussion section? or are they both combined?

[@qualitativeresearcher]

It's up to you (and your supervisors, I suppose). The more "traditional" approach is usually to have 2 separate sections, but it is often convenient to have them together too

[@sairabaig3118]

Can I report the findings from two different groups of participants under the same sub-headings or do I need to report them under different heads?

[@qualitativeresearcher]

it really depends on how you decide to organize the findings, whether for example your themes dictate the structure - and therefore, you discuss all findings related to a theme/sub-theme that come from various groups - or the groups dictate the structure - in which case you may have separate sections or chapters for each group, and then go through all relevant findings for each group there

[@rabiahuss425]

For exploratory studies, is it necessary to apply the findings into some model or framework?

[@qualitativeresearcher]

not necessarily a model but a "framework" in a sense of thematic framework or a list of themes. This does not, however, have to be a visual model with relationships , etc. (which is what many people imagine when they hear "framework")

[@NormansMagicCarpet]

i fucking love you dr kriukow you have really helped wth my dissertation

[@sanghviprachi]

if there are 2 groups with mostly similar themes, would it make more sense to report separately and then compare? or describe by theme and compare within?

[@qualitativeresearcher]

you could do that too. As long as the overall flow makes sense and the structure is clear, you can make the decision as to how to present the findings

[@sanghviprachi]

@@qualitativeresearcher Thanks :)

[@vishnupriyan8804]

Hi sir, should we mention the supporting quotes for the themes?

[@qualitativeresearcher]

Oh yes, by all means. Quotes are what makes the results engaging and Convincing

[@Nbl.369]

Well I have 3.studies in my thesis. First i distributed questionaire to find out the perception of female athletes n relationship of four factors. 422 participants. Then with169 interview already established four factors(variable) questionnaire used to collect data with same likert scale process. And then extra open ended questionaire 10.questions in total used to focus group having 9 partipants. So if I used SEM analysis in first stydy. Then uni n bi variate analysis. And then with FGD thematic analysis. Do you think it's a good approach? Or i am doing wrong?

[@qualitativeresearcher]

sounds like you're doing it right but of course I would notbe able to tell 100% without knowing how exactly you did it

[@sabrayahya89]

How do I present qualitative data ( open ended questions) using Hierachy charts in Nvivo 14 Sir? .

[@qualitativeresearcher]

if you analyze these resposnes thematically, the same principles would apply as with any other qualitative data. You can use tables to show themes and sub-themes, and complement them with some other visuals such as charts

[@sabrayahya89]

@@qualitativeresearcher many thanks Dr.

[@gamzeakkus6020]

Hi, Please answer my question. If I do a case study for a single company, can I apply a survey method to 50 or 60 participants? Or should I access more than one company for a case study to conduct a survey?

[@qualitativeresearcher]

you can just survey the people in this company, this is absolutely fine

[@gamzeakkus6020]

@@qualitativeresearcher Can I do only survey for a case study or do I need to use İnterview method as well

[@adamsale07130]

Hello Sir, I would like to ask, how to present demographic data in qualitative research? can you make a video of it?🥺🙏

[@qualitativeresearcher]

Such data is usually presented in a table

[@adamsale07130]

@@qualitativeresearcher Thank you

[@user-dd4mu1sk7g]

hello, I have 2 sets of participants in my qualitative study. How do i handle data from different participant sets and with different interview guides in the same research project? Should i make different codebooks for 2 sets and then compare in the discussion section or is there any other way?

[@qualitativeresearcher]

yes, more often than not I would have two sets of thematic frameworks, but this depends on many factors. In any case, I usually start coding separately and develop 2 frameworks, later I sometimes decide whether I want to merge these two frameworks or keep them separately. Regarding the presentation of results, I have other videos in which I talk specifically about this. you can organise the results chapter in many ways

[@pruthabhatt7946]

Thanks a ton. I shall keep this in mind and check your other videos.

[@bijayashrestha6874]

Is there any courses you provide for qualitative research?

[@qualitativeresearcher]

Yes, I do have self-study courses about Qualitative research and I offer one to one Zoom sessions. The course can be found here www.udemy.com/course/how-to-analyse-qualitative-data/?referralCode=6CCC931222189B2CBE4C For zoom sessions, since my website is temporarily down, contact me directly on [e-mail]

[@beautythroughlens5598]

What if we have only secondary data for findings and analysis

[@qualitativeresearcher]

Then you present findings from your secondary data. I recenlty recorded a video about validity in research using secondary data

[@beautythroughlens5598]

@@qualitativeresearcher great. Thank you

[@esbjornakesson3412]

Any special references on quantifiying themes you want to share?

[@qualitativeresearcher]

nothing comes to mind, sorry

[@juanitafrancis164]

Is there a reason the video is stuck at 5:02?

[@hadilbek5024]

very informative. Thank you! I have a question, please: Is it fine to analyse the data this way: Q1: ...........? (then describe what were the main answers provided by the participants) participant1: ................. p2:..... p3: ...........(quotes from the participants interview) Q2: .......................................? P1:.......... ...

[@qualitativeresearcher]

it's possible but I usually try no to do this, as this results in some overlaps and repetition because more often than not, one theme may be used to demonstrate answers to more than 1 RQ. This means that this theme will need to be brought into the discussion again for another RQ, which may feel repetitive and confusing to the reader. It is for this reason mainly that I prefer to organize the results by the themes, but if you do it properly, you can also do it the way you described of course

[@hadilbek5024]

@@qualitativeresearcher Tanks a lot, much appreciated ^^

[@BELIEVEEIBOYI]

I feel Dr. Krikow talks too much and one tends to get lost from his over explanation