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How to set up the Probable Defence to win a Cheque Dishonour case? (March 2022)

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LEGAL OUTLOOK... By Dilip Singh

LEGAL OUTLOOK... By Dilip Singh

2 жыл бұрын

#Cheque_Dishonour #Conviction_Under_Section138_NI_ACT
On 07th March, 2022, a Division Bench of SC dealt two questions:
First : What is the significance of “Reply given by accused to the Demand Notice” of complainant?
Second: What is the onus of the accused under the Theory of “Probable Defence” and how he can discharge?
Court below:
The Court of Magistrate convicts under section 138 NI Act and sentenced to simple imprisonment for a period of one year with fine of Rs.5000/- and to pay a compensation of Rs.7 Lakhs.
The Sessions Judge affirmed this order in appeal and the High Court dismissed the Criminal Revision. So the concurrent finding of 3 courts.
#TEDHI_SINGH_Vs._NARAYAN_DASS_MAHANT
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.362 OF 2022
Facts in complaint: In the month of August, 2011 Narayan Das gave a friendly loan of Rs. 7 lacs in cash to Tedhi Singh. The cheque given by Tedhi Singh for discharge of loan was dishonored.
In the trial, accused Tedhi Singh examined officers of four banks where Narayan Das had account to develop ‘a probable defence’ that complainant had no financial capacity to pay the alleged loan.
The High Court did not consider these witnesses and observed that what is the purpose for examining these four bank persons by accused?
Division Bench of Justice K.M. JOSEPH & Justice HRISHIKESH ROY
What is Probable defence and what the court looks into:
We all know: Presumption in favor of Negotiable Instruments are given in Sections 118(a) and 139 of NI Act.
The #Presumption_under_Section_139 is a rebuttable presumption and the onus is on the accused to raise the probable defence with positive evidence.
There is a Caveat: Accused has not to prove his case beyond reasonable doubt but to show the preponderance of probabilities.
Important point: The Presumption under section 139 NI Act gives reverse onus which is not applicable in common criminal law. But this onus on accused is lesser and he has to show only a “Probable defence”. Then the onus shifts to Complainant.
Accused can rebut the presumption by leading the evidence or by relying on the evidence of the complainant. He can rebut the presumption by reference to the circumstances of the case.
It is not necessary for the accused to come in the witness box to support his defence.”
In Basalingapa Vs. Mudibasappa reported in (2019) 5 SCC 418, the Court stated that in case of cash transaction, the accused can raise a probable defense by questioning the financial capacity of the complainant. Once the said question is raised, the onus shifts on the complainant to prove his financial capacity.
Now coming to present case:
The witnesses from bank of Complainant shown that he had not that much money in bank as alleged by complainant.
SC observed: It is true that the High Court has not appreciated the real purpose of examining bank officers. But it was a probable defence.
The Trial Court and the First Appellate Court stated that the proceeding under section 138 NI Act is not a civil suit so the complainant is not show is capacity in the first instance. Unless a case is set up in the reply notice to the statutory notice sent, that the complainant did not have the wherewithal/capacity, it cannot be expected of the complainant to initially lead evidence to show that he had the financial capacity.
SC agreed with this aspect of Trial court. The accused ought to have set up this defence in his reply to notice.
SC concluded: SC modified the order and substituted the sentence of imprisonment of one year with a fine to a sum of Rs.5,000/- and vacated the imprisonment of one year.

Пікірлер: 39
@mfs974
@mfs974 Жыл бұрын
You are really very noble, nice, learned and excellent person. 🙏🙏🙏
@deepaktyagiadv6528
@deepaktyagiadv6528 Жыл бұрын
✌✌
@jitendrapol4728
@jitendrapol4728 9 ай бұрын
अपराधी को सजा से बचाना क्यो जरूरी है? जो पिडीत है उसे न्याय नही मिलना चाहिए?
@legal_outlook
@legal_outlook 9 ай бұрын
🙏
@RaviKumar-xz4oq
@RaviKumar-xz4oq Жыл бұрын
Complainant ke liye video kijiye sir.
@nitinborale9282
@nitinborale9282 2 жыл бұрын
It is a great Advice to Advocates like us to take care in the reply to 138 Notice with full defences dont just cut short it God Bless you Vakilsaheb this is Advocate Nitin P Borale from Chembur Mumbai
@legal_outlook
@legal_outlook 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks Sir! How are you?
@kumar8198
@kumar8198 2 жыл бұрын
sir agar cheque me amount alag alag hota hai to ky cheque valid hota hai...
@kamleshwadhwani1307
@kamleshwadhwani1307 Жыл бұрын
Sir, accused agar complainant ko uske dwara bheje gaye legal demand notice ka reply deta hai aur financial capacity ka bhi defiance notice me mention karta hai to us case me kya hoga?jabki complainant accused dwara signed loan agreement bhi Court me present karta hai,to case kiske fever me hoga.🙏🙏🙏
@legal_outlook
@legal_outlook Жыл бұрын
अगर accused अपने केस को गवाहों के द्वारा साबित कर देता है तो उसके फेवर मे होगा. 🙏
@kamleshwadhwani1307
@kamleshwadhwani1307 Жыл бұрын
@@legal_outlook thankyou for reply,accused ke witnesses se bhi to cross hoga tab accused phas sakta hai aur false witness court me pesh karne se wo jail bhi ja sakta hai.🙏🙏🙏
@kamleshwadhwani1307
@kamleshwadhwani1307 Жыл бұрын
@@legal_outlook sir agar accused legal notice ka koi bhi reply nahi deta hai to fir kya hoga?pls suggest.🙏🙏🙏
@anilarora832
@anilarora832 2 жыл бұрын
138 me accused pesh nahi hua, now case is under crpc 82 ,jab suit file Kiya tha to property accused ke naam thee, baad me apni wife ke naam karwa di, Kya mein crpc 83 ki application lga sakta hun.Aur muje uska benefit mil jayega.Pls answer.oblized
@bhalchandragaikwad8604
@bhalchandragaikwad8604 2 жыл бұрын
Sir mera sec 138 ka case hai. I am complaintant. Magistrate court given decesion in my favour. But secession court given decesion against me. Now i applied in High court appeal against acquittal. I have given many proof. Bank passbook, promissory note, My income source. My wifes income source. We are private job holder. Also agriculture income. Secession court following points find out. Income tax return not file. Income source not shown. Money given from wife's account. If someone is salaries then not necessarily maintain books of accounts. Agriculture income is tax free. Bank passbook entry not verify by court. Magistrate court consider my bank passbook, agriculture documents, witness, registered promissory note. Income source wife and my salary slips. But secession court not considered. Can you give reply this query.
@pallavidghjranawade3649
@pallavidghjranawade3649 2 жыл бұрын
Sir great points luckily come across ur video just after 2 days I'm going to send legal notice I'm from the complaint side but there is one problem which is accused person give cheque which is Already banned by RBI so that accused bank not accepting the particular cheque. What to do Sir plzz guide....🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻
@legal_outlook
@legal_outlook 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks for sharing your experience.
@AmarjeetSingh-us2ts
@AmarjeetSingh-us2ts Жыл бұрын
What happens if the Complainant has presented the cheque after the death of the issuer and sueing the dead man ?
@pramodkumarsingh7252
@pramodkumarsingh7252 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks sir.
@adv.ravipatil8363
@adv.ravipatil8363 Жыл бұрын
Thanks sir 🙏
@legal_outlook
@legal_outlook Жыл бұрын
🙏
@GameZone-rl4rv
@GameZone-rl4rv 2 жыл бұрын
Great video sir 👍. In my case NI 138 3 cases on accused filed, compromised by lokh adhalath, after that accused failure to pay 5 lakh rupee splitted in 3 cases and now after 3 NBW conviction warrant issued for the 1st warrant police brought accused before magistrate & the accused on base of oath letter to magistrate promise to pay in next one month & abscond from town and now all warrant returns un serving & accused mobile switch off, on further enquire her family members say that the accused has left house & they have not registered any missing complaint. Now if I apply sec 82 of crpc will it be any helpfull for me & what extra punishment the accused will be entitled apart from the regular case. I'm asking this because I know my money is not going to be recovered as the accused has took loan from many people & doing it on regular basis & has no property or anythingat all , Also I spent almost 75000 plus on running cases. As for my advocate he says even if get accused to be declared as PO there won't be any difference its 0% useful. Accused will not be entitled even a single day extra punishment other than regular cheque bounce punishment. Guide me sir is that sc 82 useless or it has got any Merritt in present day and in my present case.Thank you in advance.
@mahijoshi631
@mahijoshi631 2 жыл бұрын
Sir muje ek admi ne fasa diya hai 1oooo ke badle me 3lack bharkar kes kiya hai sir app govt se kuch apil kare
@samthesupreme
@samthesupreme 2 жыл бұрын
Sir is unclaimed legal notice due to not in town, does only enough for giving conviction? Even after having strong defence with documents?
@legal_outlook
@legal_outlook 2 жыл бұрын
Please ask your lawyer, who knows complete facts of the case.
@astrovision5241
@astrovision5241 2 жыл бұрын
Sir, I want to know if accused want to present his witness. self and one other, in 138 NI Act case , what he should do?
@legal_outlook
@legal_outlook 2 жыл бұрын
From himself he should move an application. For other he should file a list of witnesses and with permission of court, he has to examine those witnesses.
@nasirzaidi7800
@nasirzaidi7800 Жыл бұрын
Citations pl.
@anilpokale3940
@anilpokale3940 Жыл бұрын
सर, मुझे बचाओ! 138 के अंतर्गत चेक बाउंस का केस 2016। ढाई लाख का कर्ज एक साल तक के लिया था 13 महिना तक व्याज ही पे किया बाद मे पेमेंट नही कीया। दुसरे साल फाइनेंसर ने बिना नोटिस का केस दर्ज किया । एक साल पहले मैंने ईनसोलवन्सीका केस दर्ज कीया था ।लेकिन वकील का कहना है कि ये एक्ट प्राईवेट के केस मे नही काम लगेगा । अब मुझे पैसे भरो /सजा भुगतो का ही मार्ग वकील ने बताया । सर मुझे बचाओ प्लिझ
@sarvjeetmishra6725
@sarvjeetmishra6725 Жыл бұрын
भाई मैं भी फंसा हूं
@rohitpvirda
@rohitpvirda 2 жыл бұрын
If we have filed case of 138 of cheque bounce, can we ask for our money from AROPI in a gandhigiri way like uske ghar ke samne dharme dena ya poster chipkana ?
@legal_outlook
@legal_outlook 2 жыл бұрын
Matter is court. Think twice before doing anything.
@tapodhanbadheka6191
@tapodhanbadheka6191 2 жыл бұрын
Sir illegal and void documents se property sale kiya ho to is case me limitations prioad kitna hoga case file karne me
@sunilaadgaonkar7276
@sunilaadgaonkar7276 9 ай бұрын
Ur limitation period starts the day u noticed the facts.
@advocatesanjaykhimesara972
@advocatesanjaykhimesara972 2 жыл бұрын
👍👍👍🙏👍👍👍
@legal_outlook
@legal_outlook 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks for your appreciation.
@DineshYadav-oj4sy
@DineshYadav-oj4sy 2 жыл бұрын
Sir I purchase a property and paid Rs. 16 lakh, 5 lakh and 4 lakh in cash & 2 lakh in white, accused haven't given me possession till date and she returned my money after two yeers, My cheque get bounced and I filed a case, what are the probability to win this case.
@legal_outlook
@legal_outlook 2 жыл бұрын
You consult your lawyer. Only after knowing all relevant facts, one can answer your question.
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