How Toyota fuel system works : Direct and Port

A Toyota master diagnostic technician explains how Toyota fuel system works. Including Port injection and Direct injection along with service tips.
In this new series on my channel I will take a monumental task of explaining the overly complicated engine computer control for OBD2 emission standard work. I will follow my channel's theme of simple but complicated to make this information easy to follow and understand for Toyota owners interested.
In part 3 of this series I will cover Toyota's fuel system. I'll start with fuel delivery we'll cover both return and returnless fuel pumps. Then we'll move to port injection and it's service tips.
Last but not least I'll cover direct injectors along with their construction, precautions and service tips.
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#thecarcarenut #toyota #howthingswork
0:00 Intro
0:42 Fuel Delivery
4:00 Port Injection
7:26 Port Service Tips
10:18 Direct Injection

[@RollieFingers59]

Just re-entered Toyota world after 30 years. Bought wife a 2021 RAV4 . Your content and knowledge is second to none!!

[@renfrewdashcam1177]

I always get excited when a new Car Care Nut vid shows in my notifications

[@kimdavis5631]

Same here!

[@oriondragos5876]

This guy never ceases to amaze me. A must watch for Toyota owners or any car owner for that matter. More than halfway to 100K subscribers, let’s get it!!!!!!

[@RickTroutner]

The robustness of those port injectors are impressive. I recently replace all of the o rings and grommets on mine and other than dirt they looked like new. They're 22 years old and kept the valves shiny.

[@alexmobil7463]

This Toyota class is educational and informative and professional . Thanks AMD for doing this i think ppl should know all this.

[@Aamervip]

The most professional mechanic i ever seen. Keep up the good work 💪

[@mikechiodetti4482]

I did not know about the number on the Direct Injector. Never having worked on that system, I learned something new. Thank you for the video.

[@hostilityy]

I clicked this video as fast as I could. This guy is so cool.

[@theaustralianconundrum]

Hyundai CRDi engines use both port and direct injection. Mine is 1.6L CRDi Turbo at 110,000 miles and the lightest of grey soot on inlet valves and intake cover. Best of both worlds. My car "self" cleans the inlet side at low, medium running and converts to 100% GDI at WOT and high acceleration.

[@aamiryousuf90]

I always feel more educated and informed after watching your amazing videos. Hats off to your great work. Keep it up!!!

[@dgdiyer1191]

Even without a Toyota in the garage, learning a lot from these videos. Superb instruction highlighting potential DIY pitfalls (some very serious) and tips on spotting possible problems.

[@VILSONDUSEVIC]

AMD, you’re a savior. You are doing so much for the community. Please try to make more live videos. Thanks.

[@TheCarCareNut]

Thank you for watching my channel! Finalizing a few things then live streams will be scheduled on the same time and same frequency

[@frommorningnight146]

mechanics who love TOYOTA and HONDA are the Honest ones.

[@zach7269]

Thank you AMD for your videos! I love how you break down mechanical concepts thoroughly. Learning a ton!

[@raymathews7035]

I always learn something new when watching your show on KZbin.

[@devjyarn]

Your videos and content have been steadily improving over the last few months. Good work! Keep it up!

[@adammiller2246]

Thank you for your information. Your vids are like being in an actual class. If someone watches all of your vids, and of course is mechanic able , they can service their cars . I enjoy watching your vids

[@handsomerob9715]

My word, you are knowledgeable! I could listen to you speak all day!

[@dominicfong6341]

Just as soon as I had logged into my computer this morning, I see yours and Scotty Kilmer's new videos; instinctively I clicked on yours first. And I usually playback Scotty's at twice the speed because his content seems like re-run and largely for entertainment purposes; with yours at normal speed because every word is informative and useful. Thank you for everything your're doing AMD!

[@Starman-yt8lj]

Excellent tutorial! Learning so much from you AMD!

[@tedpogorzelski8075]

Great video about both types of injectors.

[@willievandi7844]

Very incredible tutor of Toyota engines,am so proud and happy to have come across your channel

[@DaddyGlez]

I asked you about this system a few days ago, I did not know that you were doing a video LOL, a good video as always, Thanks

[@netman88]

Excellent Video, didn’t know about these before. Thanks

[@on-site4094]

Life was. simpler economical with just port injection 😝. God bless

[@M.Loon423]

Off work today and watching your video ❤ the knowledge you share may God continue to bless you💪🏾

[@ananias-]

Thank you man! I think I got my diagnosis ! Will be back with results !

[@jaimegrullon1202]

Thank you for sharing your knowledge , you are amazing and generous.

[@vah-mingmoua9599]

I love how elements are ground side switch and pulse width modulated. Kirchoff's law states, how ever much the source voltage, it has to drop all of it at the component/element. Very cool stuff! And then you have your power side switch where you have full voltage at the component that is being commanded... Thanks for sharing your knowledge.

[@RastaJediX]

Many microcontroller-controlled systems do this. Pull-up resistors don't use as much current as pull-down. And MCUs don't often have 12v on their I/O, but 0v is easy, and you just use a pull-up with a very high resistance connected to the battery to hold the line at 12v and essentially no current flows through this resistor. I do not know Toyotas reasoning, but active LOW is a common scenario, and the "switching" side is often the negative side of a load.. like an LED or in this case, the injector.

[@noelvislima5878]

Great video as always 👍, keep your good job.

[@CPAD]

Thank you very much sir, I learn a lot from you and sharing to friends, cause your classes is the best ever.

[@garymorrison1009]

Love this channel man … it has saved me so much grief and money!

[@escheidl]

Hi AMD. Great video as usual. I came here looking for knowledge and you never fail to impress. The information you provide to us is invaluable. Thank you for your dedication to your fellow man. I have an experience I'd like to share with you though. I have a 2018 Toyota Camry Hybrid and at 92Kmi I just had to have all 8 of my fuel injectors replaced. The car developed a rough start and stumble while going from EV to ICE at low speeds or stopped. Not so much at cold start but mostly after warmed up. I'm sure it did it at speed too but was imperceivable due to so much other stuff going on. So I took it to our dealer and they noticed it right away. They found that 2 of the direct injectors were leaking inside the engine and so replaced all 4. They thought they had it fixed but after driving it I could tell it was "better", but still not fixed. So I brought it back and they discovered 1 of the port injectors was leaking inside the engine as well. So they replaced all 4 of those too. When I got home I changed the oil to take care of any possible fuel contamination in it. I have always used 0W16 Toyota motor oil and change it every 5Kmi. I also run fuel system cleaner through it every 15-20K as well for preventative maintenance. The car was made in March of 2018. Was that a problem with the early ones? Do you think the replacements are "new and improved" and this will never happen again? I sure hope so.

[@M.Loon423]

I swear I hear my fuel pump kick on when I initially turn to the ON position and my 07 Avalon starts quicker even when all systems are cold. 😂 I was born and raised GM also.

[@kimdavis5631]

Wow, this is golden content brother. Thank you kindly.

[@Maddog29]

Great information and advice as usual. Thank you.

[@richarddresden6869]

Thanks for the great explanation. Your channel is great!

[@nicholasvonrhine6311]

Sir you are a great teacher.

[@marcofreitas5321]

Another awesome video ! Thanks!!

[@fishingguy8911]

Thanks for another great video

[@frankbiz]

This video was extremely informative, you are a great teacher and should work in training Toyota technicians. I love Toyota and will not own anything else.

[@will0775]

God bless you. Excellent video

[@gregsantos9731]

Very clearly elaborated. Thanks! 😊 now i know.

[@donnierobertson3088]

Great job like all ways

[@10malabdullah10]

Great video as usual.

[@agostinodibella9939]

Thanks for explaining that Toyota doesn’t prime the fuel system. I always wondered why my RAV4 was silent when I turned the key before starting. I was used to my Saturn’s fuel pump running for 4 seconds with the key on.

[@Bangkok-ik1fp]

Excellent video sir!

[@user-bd3ij5rs4y]

Thank you.

[@timmytom4447]

great job. Thanks

[@geecrawdad]

Another goodie! Thanks.

[@billpawelczyk5855]

You said on the injectors applicable to the Nissan Xterra and also your class honor fuel trims great job

[@TheCarCareNut]

Hi! The information on this video is applicable to Toyota Lexus and scion models.

[@KaluNatt]

Nice video. Thanks a lot.

[@girohead]

Excellent video. I was going to pull mine (and replace o-rings) but I don't really suspect they have an issue. I'm currently wrestling with P0420 and everything points to cat, but I want to rule out as much as I can, especially if something caused the bad cat. I thought I'd pull, inspect and clean, but you seem to dismiss the idea of cleaning. I think I'll at least do the sound (clicking) test. The other thing I cannot diagnose is like an air sucking sound upon acceleration, but no exhaust or vacuum leaks found. No other errors beside 420.

[@Ratlins9]

I feel like I’m getting educated by a professor from Toyota University, great content!

[@jarrodweston7825]

I love this guy

[@jensenwilliam5434]

Thank you!!!

[@AlexBAlixir98]

AMD I can’t thank you enough for the consistently good content. Thanks for breaking things down and explaining how it works. Your videos have enhanced my knowledge and appreciation for how my Toyota works and why it works so well. Also how I can keep my vehicle running for as long as I own it. Quick question on the fuel pump. A month ago Toyota send me notification of a recall but said they’d contact me when the fix was ready. Just curious has Toyota issued anything on that yet?

[@TheCarCareNut]

Hi Alex! Thank you so much for watching my videos! On the recall they’re rolling the fuel pump replacements in phases. You’ll get another notification when the phase has opened for your car. Alternatively you could call your local dealership give them your vin and have them check.

[@dannym5400]

​​@@TheCarCareNut need your help! My wife has a 2013 Lexus GS 350 no check engine light starts up and runs but has a code p1604 and smells like gas when I turn on the car and engine has a knocking noise

[@moulayediag3873]

thanks so much ....a lot of info

[@sandukanec]

Thank you again!

[@stevesas4744]

You can repair burnt drivers if you have the know how. They sometimes use fancy transistor array chip which can be hard to obtain. Then you need new ECU.

[@louisstennes3]

When I did my research before buying my new 2018 RAV4 hybrid (or a 2019 hybrid) I learned about DI and port injection and decided I wanted the tried and true Port Injection 2.5L engine and that's what I bought and am happy. To tell you the truth I like the 18 better than the 19 model but that is just a personal opinion. I absolutely hate those stick up screens and mine is tucked neatly in the dash. I know I don't get the fuel economy of the new DI engine but that's ok too. Great videos and I have learned a lot. thanks. Never miss them. PS: Sometimes in this world, simpler is better.

[@bbriankb1086]

They don't prime anymore, my Mk3 Supra sure does prime, it's a reassuring sound when I turn the key.... Following by the wonderful rumble of the 7MGTE. Love your content, keep up the great work

[@rayemanuel7460]

Mad props to you, AMD. You're like the Yoda of car care. Is there anything you don't know about cars?

[@smms9697]

Your videos are too good to be free I hope youtube pay you something good

[@faradyusuff3292]

Hi AMD, thank you for the videos. They are very informative and well thought out. I appreciate all the work and time you put into these. I tend to do all my maintenance work myself and have been adding to my toolkit to keep up with modern systems. I have a Tacoma and a NX300 and tend to only buy Toyotas. Keeping with this, I am missing the fuel disconnect tool for these vehicles. Are they the standard universal plastic tools that wedge between the connections? Can you recommend the proper tool to remove the fuel lines to get to the injectors? Or does these have a disconnect system built in to the connector that does not require a tool? Either way, would still like to know.

[@jt86tn]

I make the fuel pipes (aka fuel rail but we call it fuel pipe) for the 2GR 3.5l. The steel ones that is. It looks like the earlier models had a plastic fuel pipe but they started using a steel one which we make. Technically I'm a team leader now so I'm not actually on the line running parts anymore but that's the department that I run.

[@matthewharter3712]

Love your content! I'm a Toyota owner for life. Can you please explain dual fuel setups. Correct me if I'm wrong, but aren't most late model Toyota/Lexus vehicles port fuel and direct injection?

[@maxphuah2617]

U are the best❤

[@dfields9511]

P02F1. Cyl 4 injector 2020 Camry Fuel injector cleaned did make it. Run better and event the MIL went out but came back replace all high pressure at once .

[@MrRokCandy13]

Oil catch cans isn’t a factory standard but a common mod for direct injection engines. A video with your wisdom would be beneficial for us that wish to make our cars as long as possible

[@moeanthony9308]

Thanks sir

[@fleetwin1]

I remember having a problem with one of the injectors on my 99 Solara V6, a very intermittent problem though. Dealer couldn't guarantee that new injectors would solve it and wanted over $1000 to replace them. Took many pictures, and took my time replacing the injectors myself. Turns out the dealer was right, new injectors solved the problem. Would later find out there was a TSB on injector issues for that model engine.

[@ashishpatel621]

Hi AMD, Great videos!! When does A25A FXS engine uses direct injection Vs. port injection? Does engine run more on port injection most of time or direct injection most of time? Please 🙏 explain!!! Thank you 😊

[@Discretesignals]

Great video on the basics. You left out an important safety item when working with direct injector circuits, the high voltage and amperage. The ECU discharges around 40 volts and on the positive side to get the injector to full open as it grounds the negative side. Around 6-7 amps in the circuit at that time. Once the injector is open, the ECU will turn off the high voltage and pulse the injector with a lower voltage to keep it open the required time. You can't use a NOID or 12 V test lamp on that circuit! Wouldn't be wise to get across that 40 volts either. Piezo injectors even use a much higher voltage. Be sure to read service and safety information when working around DI circuits for the particular vehicle your working on.

[@michaelpickarts7683]

I'm just being patiently waiting for your repair video for Toyota forklift and pallet jack

[@felixaudet5860]

For those that like to modify things, would the ECU allow you to run on just port or just direct, if you disable one of the two, or it'll just throw it in limp mode? What model year comes with Port & Direct at the same time? Thanks for this awesome content.

[@FlatPlaneCranky]

Please explain how the EGR system works on the 2021 2.0 liter engine.

[@mikecont9742]

Learned so much about Toyota fuel system. They do not prime…

[@bme7491]

While I have a car that’s GDI only, I don’t like it for the reasons you mentioned, 1. The fuel pressure is incredibly high and 2. the valves aren’t being cleaned by the fuel as in port injection, so you have carbonization worries. I have to believe the injectors and fuel pump are going to wear out quicker than a car with port injection. And neither one are going to be cheap to replace.

[@carlosbmwe38]

Dear, i enjoy a lot your videos, really good job. Can you tell me the voltage that handle direct injection? Car, Toyota avensis t25 2.0vvti

[@gfgneo]

Can you do a series on everything tundra?

[@rodnewcomb9611]

I've been following the issues Ford has been having with their direct injection regarding carbon build up on the back of the intake valves. Ford incorporated a D4S-"like" system on their V6 Ecoboost engines back in 2017. Ford Tech Makuloco ran a camera down one of these engines after about 125k miles and although remarkably improved, he was still seeing noticable buildup on the back of those valves. I would love to see a comparison of a Toyota with 100k+ miles with the D4S system to see how they are doing in comparison.

[@8gomerpyle22]

Even worse is the oil fuel solution in your crankcase caused by direct injection which will slowly destroy your engine.

[@edwardcruz4039]

I have a c[de P0170 ,P0171 and P0174 engine light os on. I cleaned the Mass air flow sensor.

[@aamiryousuf90]

Please do a video on Camry Hybrid 2018-2021 Battery Fan Filter Replacement.

[@ahmadghosheh3104]

😂, I though 22 minutes to talk about injectors? Boy, was I wrong. Very good video.

[@TheCarCareNut]

Thank you Ahmad!

[@Paul-15mdt]

Thank you for useful information about port injection and direct injection. I have one question: On my Corolla 2017, valve matic, 1.6L, 132 HP what type of fuel injection I have? In owner manual I can't find related information. Thank you in advance

[@Modeltrainscarsstereos614]

Hopefully nippon denso corrected the faulty pump production I haven’t heard anything lately so I’m sure it’s been rectified

[@exception2]

Simplicity > efficiency > performance. Remember these year models when buying toyota suv or truck 5-y old or less: 2018 Rav4 2019 Highlander 4-cyl 2023 Tacoma 4-cyl 2023 Lexus GX460 2024 4Runner These are final years with port injection ONLY.

[@boilednuts]

AWESOME!! Do the direct injectors have different calibrations on them because of the varying pressure (especially at high rpm) of the fuel inside the rail?

[@TheCarCareNut]

They do have a small calibration but the number on the injector is more important

[@ricardoseales6501]

I'm getting my EFI system cleaned by Toyota I work for them now as a employee I love my job at the dealership I get discounts on my car services so it pays to be a employee at Toyota .

[@nathanlenker1366]

AMD, Toyota has the CSP for fuel smell coming from possible fuel leak at high pressure fuel pump. They have us just replacing the pump even though we disconnect the metal fuel line. Should we be replacing that fuel line or only when we remove it completely? Thank you and love your show!

[@scottbrown8067]

Great channel. Thanks for all of the great videos. What engine would you choose for longterm reliability in a 2021 Toyota Corolla? 2.0L or 1.8L? Are Corollas manufactured in Japan better quality than those manufactured in Blue Springs, Mississippi. Thanks!

[@TheCarCareNut]

Hi! I would go with either but I would lean towards the 2.0. Both Japanese and Mississippi cars are similar in quality in my opinion

[@scottbrown8067]

@@TheCarCareNut Thank you sir!

[@AlextheguitarFreak]

These videos are awesome, there's just one problem... They can't come fast enough! I keep saying NO!!! I have to wait to hear about that till the next video!!!! Argh!!!

[@visalprabhashanaariyarathn4751]

Please may i like to know after chr di injecter replaced,what are the calibration which are do via techsterm plz demonstrate another video

[@konradhittner4668]

Thanks, as always, AMD, for this tutorial. Two questions: 1. So is there any well-founded reason to periodically run a PEA additive in a D4S’s fuel system as a maintenance/longevity matter? 2. Do injectors (high and low pressure) generally last longer in a non-turbo engine, compared to those in a turbocharged engine?

[@TheCarCareNut]

Hi! Thank you for watching my channel. 1- I personally don’t like additives to the fuel tank but they can’t cause harm and they might actually do good as ling as you’re not over spending on them. Better than that is to use good fuel from a top tier gas station. 2- injectors typically last about the same for turbo vs non turbo cars

[@louisstennes3]

@@TheCarCareNut When I go in to Toyota for oil change, tire rotation, etc, my service advisor always recommends a Toyota fuel system additive which I agree to. Costs 15 bucks but is it money down the drain? I just assume it is a Toyota product as it is done at the dealer.

[@TheCarCareNut]

At 15 dollars I would do it every other service. Sometimes folks are spending almost 100 dollars in additives that they add every fuel fill up. It could work but money wise overspending on them is not advised as they don’t do miracles

[@louisstennes3]

@@TheCarCareNut Thanks. I will take your advice. I would be a fool not to, after all I'm no dummy. (don't answer that.)

[@MultiMusicbuff]

I like that Toyota is using direct & port at the same time.Honda is using only direct which leads to oil dilution and will eventually damage the engine.

[@8gomerpyle22]

Many times the engine gets destroyed by the oil fuel dilution.

[@Nustudios]

Hi, thanks again for your tips. I wonder if there is a fuse in the fuse box that controls just the fuel pump for gen 3 (2010) prius. The reason for this is so that I can take that fuse out so the fuel pump can stop working while I turn on the engine to use all of the fuels in the injector. Then, I will try to replace the fuel injector; otherwise, we might have too much fuel spilling out.

[@Nustudios]

Is there a fuse that controls the fuel pump on the Gen 3 prius?

[@swalls3913]

I appreciate your information. 2UR-GSE, is equipped with dual injection, I have seen people install oil catch cans on them, and they always have to empty the canister with oil on routine oil changes. Can you explain why ?

[@TheCarCareNut]

Hi! Every engine will naturally have some oil in the intake which collects. It doesn’t really affect much unless the car is driven short distances constantly then it could become an issue

[@The2Coolest2]

Mr. Car Care Nut. Where can you tap into the fuel system to do a pressure test on an 07 ES? Do you know which adapter Ill need? Thanks.

[@Mako2-1]

Hey AMD hope you and your family are well. I have a 2020 v6 tacoma with 34k miles. My dealer told me I needed an induction system cleaning due to the direct injection. I know it’s not in the toyota service schedule but was wondering what your thoughts on that would be. I didnt buy it thankfully.