Hi. I wanted to say thank you and your teaching captured my attention. I am striving to learn about the Muslim thinkers and I admire your style and new way of teaching others.
@ghazouanimejda7308 Жыл бұрын
As a Tunisian 🇹🇳 I'm proud of him . Thank you for the video
@abdelhafidabarkan57823 жыл бұрын
I'm in my second year of philosophical studies ,and you're one of my best teachers . Respect for this authentic work from north Morocco .
@s.b9794 Жыл бұрын
What is your Nationality?
@s.b9794 Жыл бұрын
The music is magnificent
@s.b9794 Жыл бұрын
We need to discuss more concepts about almokadima, thanks
@sheesmustafa95224 жыл бұрын
I am currently reading the muqadima and it's so logical regarding who we humans are
@alireact1827 Жыл бұрын
Where can I buy that book
@ibomohamud Жыл бұрын
@@alireact1827 i can send you if you want
@alireact1827 Жыл бұрын
@@ibomohamud please do. Where can I contact you?
@oguzmen5451 Жыл бұрын
@@alireact1827 did u get it?
@I_hu85ghjo5 ай бұрын
@@alireact1827 it is on Amazon.
@AmirX884 жыл бұрын
Great and well thought out and well researched presentation. May Allah bless you. Ameen.
@snickerbars41294 жыл бұрын
I don't know why, but people watch more despicable channeld and cookery channels than this treasure. You are a living treasure for people who love history and theology.
@nawafspov13 жыл бұрын
Great video!! If you want to know the music played in the first two mins of the video, it is called لما بدأ يتثنى beautiful piece of Arabic music written in Muslim Spain.
@miaa70975 ай бұрын
❤
@Merle19874 жыл бұрын
I think it's strange that when reading old figures, people feel pressured to either agree with them one hundred percent on everything, or condemn them completely. Didn't having mixed feelings used to be normal?
@akrbm4253 жыл бұрын
im pretty sure this is the default position but its just that many people wont read in depth enough to reach that point of nuance
@thedecentcow2 жыл бұрын
@@akrbm425 Nuance loses its practice in the age of mass formation which (imo) the developed world is finding itself in.
@Ismail-FIRE Жыл бұрын
As I mature and educate myself, I find myself having mixed feelings about many things, more nuanced. Using reason and remaining impartial so that I judge accurately.
@charlytaylor17485 ай бұрын
It still is but we live in choose-a-side times.
@azlanameer49124 жыл бұрын
He had argued that societies is like human body.. . birth youth then old age and oblivion in the end.That means he percieved societies as organic.
@adelbabouche91472 жыл бұрын
A video about Ibn Battuta's life/travels would be amazing
@hatimaheddar24117 ай бұрын
The Incredible Adventures of Medieval Traveller Ibn Battuta kzbin.info/www/bejne/fJLZkohveZ6fnJo
@rebelthekhanartist57844 жыл бұрын
Thank you for these videos, from the bottom of my heart. You are a blessing, brother.
@andythedishwasher11173 жыл бұрын
I really appreciate how you refrained from comparing him to Machiavelli. Although the context of their careers led to similar preoccupations, there appear to have been essential differences in the conclusions they came to. I get the impression that Ibn Khaldun was much less personally ambitious and more exasperated with the human condition as he observed it. I do wonder how that exasperation may have come off to his peers in the political world, however. I would imagine they probably projected all of their own paranoias and suspicions onto an emotion they couldn't feel or identify due to their relative ignorance, but I would have to dig deeper into his work to confirm or refute that. Thanks for introducing me to this.
@ibrahimkhatib61913 жыл бұрын
Fillip you’ve mentioned the Mongols in several videos as they intersect with various other historical pieces. I would hope you make a video about them and their religious ideas. As i understand it they had a unique interesting religion as well.
@kaleemford67063 жыл бұрын
I’m grateful for every episode you present and particularly the attention you gave to the racist perspective of even this enlightened man with regard to African people. You are appreciated
@robertabrahamsen90763 жыл бұрын
According to Robert Irwin, King Pedro of Castile ("Pedro the Cruel") offered to restore to Ibn Khaldun his family's ancestral Andalusian estates on the condition that he'd convert to Christianity. He refused.
@robertabrahamsen90762 жыл бұрын
@@servantoftheexpander9688 Why would anyone?
@servantoftheexpander96882 жыл бұрын
@@robertabrahamsen9076 True
@robertabrahamsen90762 жыл бұрын
@@servantoftheexpander9688 That wasn't a statement, it was a question.
@MonikaTyagi-mw8ie9 ай бұрын
@@servantoftheexpander9688same goes for islam
@shmirzayevofficial7 ай бұрын
Because he was Muslim. Muslims die, but don't abandon Islam.
@mariams3073 жыл бұрын
A comprehensive review, I really enjoyed watching your thoughtful and detailed review. Thank you.
@an.hs.n2 жыл бұрын
His education included sufism, philosophy, Quran, mathematics, logics, astronomy.. he wrote about sociology and histrory.. What a complete man
@africanhistory2 жыл бұрын
The Blacks near the equator brains boil. Not very complete.
@orphicflaneur18 күн бұрын
@@africanhistory actually, if you've read any historical Materialism at all you'll find a parallel with how climates and temperatures affect ingenuity. Read Guns, Germs, an Steel.
@elbezkais5489 Жыл бұрын
Thank you for the video, from Tunisia 🇹🇳
@ayazpalekar15754 жыл бұрын
the fact that you don't have long podcasts exploring these topics in greater depth is "highly problematic and dangerous".. lol Anyways, awesome stuff!! Really hope you do longer videos in the future.
@knowingthetruth88514 жыл бұрын
kzbin.info/www/bejne/nqTTg4ODm7d7bs0 -Christianity is completely unique on the basis of Righteousness.
@BiglerSakura2 жыл бұрын
There should be 4 generations according to ibn Khaldun. The best way, of course, is to check it directly in his work, but I heard about them in the following interpretation: The 1st generation of rulers: Nomads come from the desert to a city, slaughter the city's elite and establish their dynasty. 2nd generation: Continues conquest, expands the empire. 3rd generation: Enjoys the greatness achieved by the previous generations and focuses on development and beautification - sponsors arts, sciences etc. 4th generation: Falls into the crisis of "nothing left to desire", drowns in luxury and decadence, and finally gets slaughtered by another tribe of nomads coming from the desert.
@amnadhifaoui51834 жыл бұрын
Thank you for this video and all your videos. Peace and Love from Tunisia :)
@TurboFisto72 жыл бұрын
Hi Amna
@Pickcherdis2 жыл бұрын
I beloved prophet Muhammad peace be upon him stated that anyone who dies from drowning or a stomach illness dies as a martyr. May Allah be pleased with them all. Also thank you for sharing this video 4 years later I'm tapping in
@ambareenhumera1235 Жыл бұрын
Thank you ❤ my learning spirit become increasing because of you ❤
@KadirPeker2 жыл бұрын
I have been looking at resources about the life and work of Abu Hanifa, beyond popular stories (kissa). I'd really appreciate if you can do a video based on solid historical sources on him, his times, and his works. I think he is a key person in establishing reason at the foundations of Islamic development, in a time of a lot of conflicting movements. We probably need a similar figure strong both in religious principles and also reason, to again set a path.
@YaBoiHakim4 жыл бұрын
Lovely work.
@amina46474 жыл бұрын
omg hi comrade!
@hassandaudkhanpk5204 жыл бұрын
Allama Muhammad Iqbal was also a Sufi and philosopher . Can you review about him . He was also a great man. In the subcontinent
@someone-sn6oi4 жыл бұрын
Khuda da wasta e mafi mang filip kolo'n jayrdi qom khud 70 ya 100 Saala'n wich na samjhi Iqbal Noo'n , Ono'n ay walayti samjhaay ga?? Khuda da khof ker aidi minat ker dobara angreizi wich k Rayn day Iqbal Noo'n . Odi mat maar dou ga, baaki aida shoq Honda tay kuj baba g Labaik kolo'n tashree'h samjh leini c, O v u TUPE nay aaasta aaaaaaawsta la daini aw... Qom jis din Qasim Shah noo'n chud k Iqbal noo'n samjh gay O din pata ni Labaik day baba g baad hon kadey aay ga v... Ja maira veer teiri haalay umer kuj ni per fer v wadda hu ja.Filip noo'n ooda kam Keran day Iqbal day magar naa'n la... khush abaad ray shabaash , ay naa'n howay Iqbal MUQADAMA case e ker day tairay khilaaf qayaamat noo'n.Iqbal noo'n goryaa'n de u TUPE da certificate ni chaayda , O Bohat waddey shey wa!
@salahdin63824 жыл бұрын
@@someone-sn6oi. Vaee tujh pe qurbaan ho ja,waaaan bhai
@fogshadow91123 жыл бұрын
I'm from Iraq and my college thesis was on Muhammed Igbal. I got 96% on it. Threw my research on him, I came to love the man.
@Haider193664 жыл бұрын
With respect to Ibn e Khaldun’s reference as to the behaviour of Africans, there’s no doubt that it was racist and frankly demeaning. I would just like to point out that he was trying to disprove the popular jewish notion of the black race arising from the disobedient son of prophet Noah a.s called Ham. Going by his theory of human evolution in the muqaddimah, I think he was proposing a theory to explain the skin colour and the nature of Africans. This point of view in itself was revolutionary for that time as it went against the Torah’s teachings and it was also popular among Muslims of the time. The fact that he placed his intellect (Scientific zeal) above all is commendable for that period
@knowingthetruth88514 жыл бұрын
kzbin.info/www/bejne/nqTTg4ODm7d7bs0 -Christianity is completely unique on the basis of Righteousness.
@digshy14 жыл бұрын
He also described Arab tribal society as rough, crude, prone for violence similar to Mongols....
@MegaBaddog3 жыл бұрын
@@knowingthetruth8851 that is not how christians behaved and persecuted pagans from the moment they took power. the whole world knows you drink the blood of christ and drown the world in blood also just like evangelicals are doing in mid east
@medarnouk47785 ай бұрын
Thank you very much for thèse intetessting informations. Ik am Moroccan and bornes in Tangier, I had the great honor to visite his mausolee and his grave in the Casbah of Tangier ( Marocco) because Ibn Khaldoun was a Moraccan citizen ❤
@abdallahzaben27074 жыл бұрын
May I ask you for a video about Mulla Sadra and his underrated role as one of the greatest philosophers of all time. Otherwise excellent work, thank you so much, God bless you bro.
@ayaassi8928 ай бұрын
this channel is the only reason im passing intercultural studies
@imutuber9112 жыл бұрын
You really did not need background music running all the time. Other than that, enjoyed your content 👌🏼
@queeneenaa3 жыл бұрын
I learned more watching this channel, may more people spend their time here rather than playing games. the knowledge share here is worthless. thank you Filip
@Facerip3 жыл бұрын
I listen to this while playing games! ;)
@harleyann563 жыл бұрын
@@Facerip same here lol
@pendlelancashire3 жыл бұрын
*OK calm down. Stop simping.*
@hayfaa.89554 ай бұрын
Good info, though the background music is quite loud and distracting
@beefandpotatoes65254 жыл бұрын
A very beautiful introduction of Muqaddemah. Political leaders aswell as intellectuals should be familiar to the Assabeiiah theory to extend the first 2 stages of social changes. A very breleiiant theory. I am amazed how clear this young man is in understanding concepts. His videos are very useful. Thank you.
@saidkerrache34063 жыл бұрын
A biographical movie about the man or even a TV series would be very interesting to see.
@ايمنعدنان-غ9ق4 жыл бұрын
الخوارزمي وعلم الجبر Thank you for your efforts
@someone-sn6oi4 жыл бұрын
In my humble opinion his one of the most important political subject essence *Assabiya* is and will remain relevant in all times of history especially in Eastern or Muslim world though it begs lot of time to shine light upon why today Muslims still stuck to ( consciously/unconsciously) as like Totalitarions/Dictators and what the West propagates or is thought to be presumed by whole globe i.e democracy. ( though leaving this for further debate , n 'm not gud at typing too) Second it was Assabiya I wanted to talk about in humbleness , third generation falls coz of they achieved like whatever excellence available at time so they turn towards settling in cities /arts (etc) leaving sword aside n here comes the fall when they relax, it's not their disconnection from subjects(tribes) but tribes/subjects are well immersed too in every luxury available accordingly to their status. That's y if another or some other tribe/king/dynasty comes,follows usually they won't go much far, as ppl will soon revert to royal heirs of first dynasty to have them again to continue again like their forefathers.This was Ummayads The Entrant Abdul Rehman Ad Dakhil who established Ummayads dynasty thousands of k ok kilometers away again in other continent Europe when his forefathers lost Damascus to Abbasids. North Africans choose him as their leaders being as remnant of Royal Ummayad. BTW it's excellent subject to understand Eastern /Muslims as they just inherited democracy from their being slave/colonial past,. Their forefathers actually never practiced/lived democracy but later generations( first/2nd/3rd etc which memory even faded with nxt generation that what actually they were (3rd generation of last dynasty which lost to West lived luxurious excelence period before being subject to West and their last time was just one man rule) however these 4th / 5th liberated generations got democracy which their forefathers were not used too ( but it (Asabiya/one man Rule) time n again flicker being part of their DNA
@knowingthetruth88514 жыл бұрын
kzbin.info/www/bejne/nqTTg4ODm7d7bs0 -Christianity is completely unique on the basis of Righteousness.
@arshaddurrani38854 ай бұрын
Thankyou for this enlightening talk.
@azlanameer49124 жыл бұрын
He has given vivid description of Ameer Taimor(Timerlung) when he attended his court as voicroy of Egiptian Monarch.
@alevator6062 жыл бұрын
I just bought this from bookstore and got recommended this video
@mohdfakhroo67912 жыл бұрын
Hope you reupload the video without the music, its very noisy and frustrating Thanks and keep the great work
@soundslikenobody18503 жыл бұрын
I love the name you decided to go with!! :D
@andredrake73403 жыл бұрын
United States President Ronald Regan studied his Theory of Economics
@shoqolatiste3 жыл бұрын
I cannot believe this is what you got out of The Introduction Of Ibn Khaldun.
@Digitographer884 жыл бұрын
Love you brother...
@walidovicvald29782 жыл бұрын
A vidéo about Tarik Ibn Ziyad maybe he wasn't a philosopher but he was a war general nevertheless his story is incredible
@mohammadrashid50777 ай бұрын
Thanks for this. This one is quite old and short. Can you do a new one on him and long and very detailed one?
@Ugaas34 ай бұрын
Ibn Khaldun described Mogadishu as a large, prosperous, and powerful city. He noted that it was a key center of trade in the Indian Ocean, with merchants from various parts of the world, including Arabia, Persia, India, and China, visiting the city for commerce. 2. Wealth and Culture: The historian mentioned the wealth of the people of Mogadishu, which was evident in their lifestyle and the goods available in the markets. He observed that the city’s rulers and elites were influential and that the people were well-cultured, with a strong sense of community and governance. 3. Administration and Leadership: Ibn Khaldun also touched upon the city’s leadership, describing the ruler of Mogadishu as someone who commanded respect and had control over a large and prosperous domain. The city was well-organized, with a structured government that managed its affairs efficiently. 4. Language and People: He noted the distinctiveness of the Somali people, pointing out that the language spoken in Mogadishu was different from Arabic, which he found interesting. However, Arabic was also used, especially in trade and administration, given the city’s connections with the broader Islamic world.
@capitainekappa27309 ай бұрын
Please could you give the references of the music that you use It’s true honey to my ears !
@mahfouzaziz68713 жыл бұрын
Maashallah. I recommend you to young people whenever I can.. may Allah make you into a great Alim.
@MQN_1233 жыл бұрын
Just wanted to tell u that: ibn actually means “son of” in arabic when ever u say “Ibn” make sure u put his first name in because his father might have 3 or 4 sons
@bakbakbakduck3 жыл бұрын
yes you're right but some historical figures are called simply like that, "Ibn sina" "Ibn khaldun" "ibn haitham", there's no need for him to put their first name.
@MQN_1233 жыл бұрын
@@bakbakbakduck ok thank u
@Ahmed-nv4ue4 ай бұрын
Great work but the music is very distracting…unfortunately.
@ercaner_buzbey4 жыл бұрын
Can you do research about Ibn Taymiyyah? Note: about that Black people from Nigeria: He simply was trying to refer people who live in hot climate to have a harsh fate, he was not actually trying to condemn them but the region they live in. Too hot and arid climates according to him (then for Montesquieu and finally Jared Diamond today) leads the people living there to be more loose in every sense while on the other hand harsher and colder climates can take men into shape above any kind of exercise. Because this descriptions he made, the quote "Geography is destiny" is mostly attributed to him. But there is I think more humourous places exist in his city management view like cutting down the trees and forests around the city so city can have a more refreshing air or how he thinks that there is nothing but water south sphere of the World because that part is all under water as if world was a soccer ball floating on a pile of water. Lastly his depiction of the sun as it shouldn't be something hot, because heath on earth only comes from reflected light on earth was very funny too.
@MrMostNicee4 жыл бұрын
The music in the background is too loud. It is disturbing. Otherwise like yr analysis.
@nabildridi77503 жыл бұрын
Man the content is well put together. But man, as a Tunisian and Arab speaker I have to say, the music is so cliché, why destroying such beautiful content with such a thing. keep up the good job
@pokoirlyase59313 жыл бұрын
I disagree. The music works well with the video
@jonathanwright8025 Жыл бұрын
Ronald Reagan once cited him as an inspiration for Reaganomics - apparently he said once that if you decrease the tax rate it will increase govt revenue over time because people will use their money to create more wealth. However other scholars state that this is a misunderstanding of what Ibn Khaldun said.
@philmcdonald60883 ай бұрын
why is the microphone covering your face? awesome background music.
@PeterJBleslie4 ай бұрын
Highlight just how ignorant the West is. Today , how damned ignorant we are, great presentation, Thank you important
@TheUnique69able2 жыл бұрын
Thanks for your excellent work
@Jazzgriot3 жыл бұрын
I'd love to see some thing on Sheikh Badruddin of Simawna. JZK.
@Marlboro_Cone.38832 жыл бұрын
I’m sorry but can I get the link to the intro music? I know it’s called Lamma Bada Yathana
@chrisrosenkreuz232 жыл бұрын
There was a study about psychopaths always ascending to positions of power. Im curious how many people would still want to rule if the law was that they're to be lynched after one term in office. I mean hypothetically, ofc. Plato thought that anyone who wanted to rule shouldn't be allowed to rule but why not make use of the above instead, I mean it's the perfect pruning mechanism for society. Heck, could even make the new one do it themselves, make a contest out of it so as to avoid the ethical ramifications of the state having right over one's life.
@TheLeftField233 жыл бұрын
i noticed that despite me being subscribed my autoplay never plays one of your videos after im done with one. Im pretty sure its that way with most channels so idk why you're the exception....? Awesome content nonetheless
@khayitboevmirzo4909 Жыл бұрын
Respects from Uzbekistan)))))
@ninjaknight44866 ай бұрын
Can u do haroon of the Abbasid caliphate
@daniellearame337016 күн бұрын
why there’s none stop music when the history is important and the music is distraction
@AbdulrizakNasteh24 күн бұрын
Please I need someone to tell me where I can get this book "MUQADIMAH"
@abdulqayyum7924 Жыл бұрын
Great work sir, may I know about his religious beliefs like I heard he was belong to the nizari ismaili Muslim...
@musamusashi3 жыл бұрын
Another great presentation... it always saddens me, especially being a Muslim, the very low opinion many Arab Muslims have of Africans, throughout history and still in the present day. You have an historical explaination for this unfortunate attitude that clearly contradicts the message of the Qur'an?
@firebyrd4373 жыл бұрын
Even in the prophets time there was racism sadly
@adamchapman65303 жыл бұрын
Please make a video about al hallaj
@greidem8195 Жыл бұрын
Hey LTR! I’m searching for a video of yours that I watched a long time ago. I thought that it would be this one with Ibn khaldun but it doesn’t seem to be it. It was a book written by an Islamic explorer and philosopher that included information on medicine- I think with the dissection of a dear. I think it also mentioned a man who went to the wisest sage and found that he and the worshippers of the city were essentially getting at the same thing. Ugh!! What was the name of that philosopher, book, and video??!
@onlygknows77934 жыл бұрын
Suggestion . Idries Shah sufi from London England
@RKH00013 жыл бұрын
damn the music is so nice XD
@asjadahmad6811 Жыл бұрын
totally goosebumps his biography
@khalidaziz93652 жыл бұрын
Please make videos on shah walliullah qutbuddin dehalvi from 1703-1763
@kerbo3123 жыл бұрын
If anyone's wondering what the background music is it's Lama Bada Yatathana kzbin.info/www/bejne/e3ablHuvn6iBgqc
@nainooo12 ай бұрын
Love your video - great content- the music is great but makes it very frustrating- difficult to follow if you are in any way neurodivergent. My brain is trying to register your words but the music for us plays at the same value as your voice and can’t be separated 😅 maybe turn it down ….. though I don’t believe you need it at all😊
@africanpeoplesconference11322 жыл бұрын
Can you do a video on the great writer and historian, Ibn Batuta?
@cylixmorg23272 жыл бұрын
Would you please make a video on Abu Hanifa sometime?
@andredrake73403 жыл бұрын
I just bought this book & Mien keimf but I couldn't wait for it to arrive so I'm watching this As Salamu Alikum
@boon12043 жыл бұрын
I love your channel omg, I want to watch all your vids. I heard that Karl Marx’s concept of historical materialism was influenced by Ibn Khaldun’s writings. Is this true?
@shoqolatiste3 жыл бұрын
How can these two even be on the same pole!
@BiglerSakura2 жыл бұрын
It may be also true in relation to their economical theories. Or, if not direct influence, then certainly continuity, something like ibn Khaldun ==> Adam Smith ==> Karl Marx.
@nopurposeposting15482 жыл бұрын
there is also a channel named al-muqaddimah
@nopurposeposting15482 жыл бұрын
that channel seems to also explain some of ibnu khaldun theory in a video titled how to rule in the islamic world
@DrMustafaArk10 ай бұрын
You’ve done a great job bro…
@DavidK-fy9fc9 ай бұрын
kzbin.info/www/bejne/bJ3Jd6NqoNeKpacsi=no6kJBCSVdXOOxcy worth exploring on the same topic
@careerlogy95774 жыл бұрын
Muqaddimah talls about evolution theory way before Darwin... correct me if I am wrong, have come across muqaddimah before ..
@mustafaabdullah13793 жыл бұрын
What is the background music?
@prammar19513 жыл бұрын
Lamma Bada yatathana
@sinbadelbedour38113 жыл бұрын
Please make an episode about Al Niffarry
@sgransar Жыл бұрын
Can you tell me the word @14:29? asabiya mean?
@DavidK-fy9fc9 ай бұрын
for a fresh understanding of muqaddimah, explore kzbin.info/www/bejne/rKvSdY2wrbOXracsi=WJ9Zuem7LxaEhxyq @ciisr
@teyanuputorti79273 ай бұрын
I must read the book sometime
@mimiagvald42384 жыл бұрын
بسیار خوب بیان شد... سپاس Thank You for your presentation 👍 it was good to remind us about this great historian who tried hard to be close to the facts as much as possible...🌞🌞🌞
@ΆγιοςΧίλαριος3 жыл бұрын
Is this music is one of Asmahan's somgs'
@ranjanghosh97482 жыл бұрын
Want to know about Omar khaiyam
@abdisaburjowhar19217 ай бұрын
Thanks for all the knowledgeable info. I am just queries about you were you from, are you muslim
@hatchpeacock9962Ай бұрын
be great to see a vid on Shibli?
@akutiaakuti36083 жыл бұрын
I like your presentation
@anasqai4 ай бұрын
Is Muqadimmah about Muqaddam to imagine information that is most basic - like alphabet of arab's knowledge? Or it's a theory of vocabulary to use about "the belief of simplest knowledge required to know about '(actually quraish's belief)'"?
@anasqai4 ай бұрын
But Persia's alphabet is the same. Does Indonesian spell in Jawi? If yes then it's 3 the same.
@africanhistory2 жыл бұрын
He was not really a man of his time he was a racist. Prior to him, long before him was Muhammad who Khaldun followed and he was clear on the issue of race. I think like everything we must accept both good and bad and not explain it away. It is what it is. What did enlightened David Hume say about Africa? clearly not englightened in all matters and deeply ignorant in some.
@kerjaparodi4 жыл бұрын
Next, Imam Al Ghazali and Mulla Shadra, ♥️🙏🙏🙏
@dr.zoidberg8666 Жыл бұрын
Interesting to hear this analysis from a Marxist perspective. Ibn Khaldun's analysis reminds me of historical materialism & his idea of Asabiyyah sounds similar to the Marxist dialectical analysis of social class -- the revolution settling into class society (a clear divide between ruler & subject) which produces a dialectic in which the ruling class & the laboring class have divergent interests... ultimately leading to the resolution of the dialectic: a new revolution.