Intro to Historical Linguistics: Cognates, Borrowed Words & Chance Resemblance (lesson 2 of 4)

Learn the basics of language history and how languages change over time. This second lesson shows how basic word lists (like Swadesh lists) can be used to find similar words across languages. You will also see that those similarities may be due to borrowing, due to chance, or genuine cognates.
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[@Leto85]

2:28 A language coming into contact with another language takes words especially for concepts that it doesn't already have. I am Dutch so I take my first language as an example: maybe this is the reason that in Dutch we use most English words for computer, games, and fitness jargon. On the other hand, we also have words from France for things we already did have words for before their invasion; 'trotoir' (France) and 'stoep' (Dutch) are both used for the English translation 'sidewalk.' But we say 'hamburger' for the American 'hamburger.' We only slightly pronounce it differently. Instead of the English 'even' we have a tendency to use the German 'uberhaupt.'

[@Annie12345l]

I'm so happy because I found your channel 🤗🤗❤️

[@MultiSciGeek]

Clears up a lot. Thanks for making this

Ross is a normal word for “horse”, alongside Pferd, in many parts of southern Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. In northern and central Germany, Ross is not part of the colloquial vocabulary and is perceived as poetic, archaic, or restricted to noble riding horses. - Wiktionary

[@jimmyalderman543]

Spot on, I was about to say that they only use ‘Ross’ in what’s known as HochDeutsch, the very traditional and outdated language.

[@clivenorris8063]

cf Steed

[@jammehrmann1871]

@@jimmyalderman543 Hochdeutsch has two meanings, hoever linguistically your definition as outdated is at least somewhat incorrect but High German Dialects tend to be conservative in vocabulary while Low German ones are not

[@junkievideo]

Very very helpful!!!

[@mrsbekki-englishlanguagete4738]

I love this!

[@sonasingh8381]

How to find out protoform of two languages which are belong to same family but there division are different for that reason words are totally different from each other ..I hardly find 10 similar words between these two languages. Are there any way to find out protoform for thses two languages?

[@alperenartam9380]

Cafe is also derived from Arabic(kahwa) you can check it from Longman online dictionary as well.

[@nossasenhoradesaparecidapa1660]

via Turkish

[@kezgoblair]

The video is good, but it would be important to make stress on that genuine cognates should also have direct origin from the from the closest (not more distantly related) language group (subgroup) word-ancestor (etymon). There cannot be any irregular sound changes between two words (especially in roots). Otherwise they would be just "oblique cognates" and not unequivocal cognates. The words with the irregular sound changes just in their affixes are called "partial cognates". It would also important to say that the "false friends" (the complete cognates with different meanings) or the partial cognates with the different meanings are as rule considered to be "the lexical distance" and not "the lexical similarity in the lexicostatistics and the glottochronology (like in the Swadesh list calculations).

[@BleedingKryptic]

Awesome!

[@user-rd6jw3mi4q]

Intensive Listening

[@kurtrosenthal6313]

Lol why did this end with a picture of vomit fruit?

[@CareFreeCommuting]

What are the differences between borrowing and inheriting?

[@yoshevhaaretz7094]

Neal Inherit is like, "we say 'horse'" and then your great great grandchildren say "we say lhorse." whereas borrowing is when these guys come across a sea and the natives say "this is a tomatl" and they go "tomate?" "no, to-ma-tl" "to-ma-te" "... sure."

[@ghenulo]

Chance? Am I really expected to believe that the similarity between Spanish "decir" and Turkish "demek" is purely coincidental?

[@IroniqEleganceX]

pretty much

[@idraote]

Standard German for "horse" is Pferd. It doesn't change the discussion -it is still unrelated to horse-

[@miauaslano]

I found that odd as well, never seen Ross before.. From WordReference, Ross seems to translate more to 'steed' rather than directly to 'horse' like pferd

[@rkpetry]

*_...words also digress in history-I took Biblical Hebrew to learn H'Eber-u of 2-6 millennia ago, but it was Modern, a few centuries, and words didn't mean what they should've-Mwt, meant death, because Yhw's mother-consort Mwt had been murdered, Yhwh, meant female Yhw, Avot, meant fathers instead of mother- (cf Eve), at least, Aser, still meant decade but by then was embarrassing to say, that's a Sar (3600 days), the original Bible story probably said Elohaim created mankind, as did the Sumerian, but it's spelled like Elohim..._*

[@johndoe2006]

Horse and Ross have no resemblance to eachother. They are unrelated