Battle of the Sogdian Rock 327 BC - Alexander the Great DOCUMENTARY

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The new Kings and Generals animated ancient historical documentary series covering the conquests of Alexander III the Great of Macedon continues with the aftermath of the siege of Tyre of 332 BC ( • Siege of Tyre 332 BC -... ), the battle of Gaza and the conquest of Egypt ( • Siege of Gaza 332 BC -... ) as well as the decisive battle of Gaugamela against Darius III in 331 BC ( • Battle of Gaugamela 33... ). Afterwards, Alexander's Asian campaign continued, as after defeating the remnants of the Acahemenid Empire at the battle of the Persian Gate and the Uxian Defile and the Persian Gates ( • Battle of the Persian ... ), Alexander marched into Central Asia, taking on the Saka at the battle of Jaxartes in 329 BC ( • Battle of the Jaxartes... ). Alexander's next target was the Sogdian Rock, where Spitamenes raised a rebellion against him. We will also talk about the assassination of Cleitus. We are planning to cover all campaigns of Alexander and all of his major battles, including Gaugamela, Tyre, Issus, Granicus, Halicarnassus, Gaza, Hydaspes and more.
How Alexander Defeated his Balkan enemies: • Alexander the Great's ...
Battle of Granicus 334 BC: • Battle of Granicus 334...
Sieges of Miletus and Halicarnassus 334 BC: • Siege of Halicarnassus...
Battle of Issus 333 BC: • Battle of Issus 333 BC...
Siege of Tyre of 332 BC: • Siege of Tyre 332 BC -...
Alexander in Palestine and Egypt: • Siege of Gaza 332 BC -...
Gaugamela 331 BC: • Battle of Gaugamela 33...
Persian Gate 330 BC: • Battle of the Persian ...
Jaxartes 329 BC: • Battle of the Jaxartes...
How Rome Conquered Greece: • How Rome Conquered Gre...
Philip II and Macedonian Phalanx: • Armies and Tactics: Ph...
Philip II's Cavalry and Siegecraft: • Armies and Tactics: Ph...
Military Reforms of Alexander the Great: • Military Reforms of Al...
Alexander the Great: Logistics: • Alexander the Great: L...
Special Forces of Alexander the Great: • Special Forces of Alex...
Ancient Macedonia before Alexander the Great and Philip II: • Ancient Macedonia befo...
Why were Alexander's Body and Tomb So Important? • Why were Alexander's B...
What happened to Alexander's tomb? • What happened to Alexa...
Alexander the Great in Quran and Middle Eastern Myths: • Alexander the Great in...
Support us on Patreon: / kingsandgenerals or Paypal: paypal.me/kingsandgenerals or by joining the youtube membership: / @kingsandgenerals We are grateful to our patrons and sponsors, who made this video possible: docs.google.com/document/d/1o...
The video was made by MalayArcher ( / mathemedicupdates , while the script was researched and written by Peter Voller, assisted by Peter Voller. This video was narrated by Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & kzbin.info/door/79s.... Art by Nargiz Isayeva. The artwork was inspired by Joan Francesc Oliveras - / jfoliveras Machinima: Total War: Rome II engine Divide et Impera mod Alexander submod.
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Sources:
Arrian, ‘Anabasis’
Justin, ‘Epitome of Pomepius Trogus’
Plutarch, ‘Life of Alexander
Quintus Curtius Rufus, ‘History of Alexander the Great’
Diodorus Siculus, ‘Library of History: Book 17’
Borza and Green (2013 ‘Alexander of Macedon’
Bosworth, A.B. (1980) ‘Alexander and the Iranians’
Briant, P. (2010) ‘Alexander among Macedonians, Greeks and Iranians’
Carney, E. (2015) ‘Macedonians and Mutiny: Discipline and Indiscipline in the Army of Philip and Alexander’
Carney, E. (2015) ‘The Death of Cleitus’
Holt, F. (2012) ‘Into the Land of Bones: Alexander the Great in Afghanistan’
Wardman A. (1955) ‘Plutarch and Alexander’
Worthington, I. (2014) ‘By the Spear: Philip II, Alexander the Great and the Rise and Fall of the Macedonian Empire
Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: www.epidemicsound.com
#Documentary #Alexander #SogdianRock

[@KingsandGenerals]

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[@BOSIE321]

Fantastic work as always. As with the discussions on Alexander's sexuality, I anticipate the Indian campaign will be a politically motivated bloodbath in the comments as it usually is i've found. I'm hoping you'll explain how satrapies worked in the ancient world as a lot of confusion among certain nationalists and conspiracy theorists seems to stem from Alexander 'giving' his hard won territory to Porus to administer. Also the Indian King Taxiles seems to play a huge role in the Indian campaign and seems to be neglected by a lot of videos I've noticed.

[@AruntamizhSentamizh]

Can't wait without Indian history ...... ????

[@brokenbridge6316]

Can't wait for your next video in this series.

[@brokenbridge6316]

@@moutsatsosa---That's one of the reasons why Alexander the Great was so awesome as a military commander.

[@simonebosco5097]

I adore you Kings and Generals !!!!

[@JohnnyElRed]

Alexander: "Yeah, we have drinked too much. I better go to sleep, and talk again about it tomorrow." Cleitus: *barging into the room* "And one las thing...!" Alexander: "THAT DOES IT!"

[@jonbaxter2254]

*throws knife at closest friend and ally*

[@fliksn]

@@jonbaxter2254 dude he regretted it for his life and almost killed himself stop saying hes npd

[@JahnosSardonis]

History should always be thaught like this xD

[@fliksn]

@@JahnosSardonis wdym

[@fliksn]

@@JahnosSardonis alex has not npd

[@TEO14444]

Macedonian soldier's: it's finally over now we can go home Alexander: okay now it's time for the DLC expansion Macedonian soldier's: THE WHAT

[@eugeneeugene3704]

Past the Baltic seas😂😂😂

[@shantanutilak9195]

There should definitely be a separate episode after the end of the series that discusses the sources of the entire campaign and the views of modern historians on their reliability and accuracy

[@stevensanders6954]

Agree!

[@markcoroneos7811]

Second that 😉

[@jayantkumar2314]

I agree He conquered Persia , Anatolia and Egypt and established Alexanderia everywhere but his record in central Asia and Indian subcontinent can be "ambiguous " It's full possibility he lost some minor battle in central Asia or india and had to bribe someone to get away but contemporary historian just "forgot" to mention it

[@Alex-lt9hl]

100%. A good source for this would be the 'Introduction to Alexander Studies' in Ulrich Wilcken's Alexander biography

[@fatherlouiswilliamssugaada5023]

I second this

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

Macedonian soldiers: “We want to go home!” Alexander: “Okay then, I’ll hire non-Hellenic soldiers.” Macedonian soldiers: “Wait, no!”

[@fuop8718]

my guy drunk himself to death, so he had serious issues.

[@johnsnow5286]

half of his army was non hellenic

[@hermespsychopompos4615]

@@johnsnow5286 Half? Um, no. Say, 40.000 Greeks with no more than 5000 thousand from elsewhere. Meanwhile, the other side have had Greeks as well, but even while they were elites, they weren't trusted in front lines to fight against fellow Greeks. Messy affairs.

[@johnsnow5286]

@@hermespsychopompos4615 yeah sure 😂 first of all many of those barbarian soldiers were hellenized long before macedonia became a powerful kingdom

[@TGeoMin]

For Greeks bowing to a man was something inconceivable, when they saw the barbarians bowing before Alexander they used to burst in laughter. This was a great source of conflict in the Macedonian court.

[@gamechanger8908]

Culture shock eh.

[@zippyparakeet1074]

@@allstarlord9110 "Persian soyness" lol you have no idea what you're talking about. Greeks can also be called boylovers and femboys but I will not fight ignorance with ignorance. Anyways, Alexander's empire crumbled after his death, the Persian Empire returned first as the Parthian Empire and then as the formidable Sassanid Persia.

[@AimForMyHead81]

@@zippyparakeet1074 What did he say?

[@BOSIE321]

The splitting of his army to achieve different objectives and to combat guerrilla warfare is a really interesting point and he seems to do it more often in India as well. Again, Alexander demonstrates a tactical flexibility that was crucial to his success.

[@GR-bn3xj]

It takes some guts to do that, esp back then. Robert E Lee was also good at it. It's got to be hard to do especially if you are already outnumbered.

[@BOSIE321]

@@GR-bn3xj He obviously had very talented generals who he trusted like Hephaistion, Craterus, Ptolemy, Coenus, Seleucus, Eumenes etc. Extremely competent men.

[@richardthelionheart6924]

@@BOSIE321 Those guys would be the equivalent of Davout, Massena, Soult, Lannes, Suchet.

[@GR-bn3xj]

@@BOSIE321 100% agree. Being able to trust part of your army to a general is an advantage that many forget he had. It was quite a crew. He had his core group plus Phillip's old generals. An incredible gathering of talent

[@muhammadeisa1459]

@@GR-bn3xj yeah a great general is complimented by good generals under his command.

[@richardthelionheart6924]

Alongside Jaxartes, one of Alexander's most underrated victories. His building of a bridge over a ravine to reach Aornus to place his siege engines showcased brilliant improvisation.

[@khalifa0280]

It’s quick unbelievable how Alexander made it so far, he was undoubtedly the greatest general of his time, and influenced other great generals like Hannibal, Caesar and Napoleon

[@faceloveme]

Chenghis Khan and Timur probably.

[@Alex-ec4wu]

Honestly, if he didn't die at 30 , he wouldn't be remember as the best.

[@richardthelionheart6924]

@@Alex-ec4wu If he didn't die he would've taken Italy and Arabia

[@GR-bn3xj]

Back then it only took one defeat to stop a kingdom or even end a kingdom. To run the table pretty much as he did was maybe the greatest military thing ever done. The fact that he was outnumbered in so many battles is another factor that separated him form other great leaders. He gets the nod as #1 in my book, with Caesar as #2

[@aleksk4151]

Alexander the Great Warrior name

[@khorasan123456]

Hello from Sogdiana Tajikistan 🇹🇯

[@Based.Afghan]

The cowards who surrendered 😂

[@TravelBreakthrough]

I get chills on my arms hearing the story of Cleatus the black. How Alochol ruins the best of things and makes you regret permanent decisions

[@cromwell1451]

They should have smoked cannabis instead, at least then they would have upheld the hospitality during this sacred feast, that Zeus would have wanted.

[@myleskennedymaxfan]

Alexander really shows that the brighter the light, the darker the shadow. What a fascinating individual

[@fliksn]

Thus, rather than megalomania, his behaviour may simply have been a practical attempt at strengthening his rule and keeping his empire together.[235] ian worthing ton

[@jesseberg3271]

I don't want to be anachronistic, I realize hospitality meant something different to their culture than it does to us. But if Cleitus the Black's wife was Alexander's Governess as a child, he presumably knew the man his whole life. That has to have figured into his being upset about killing him, even if the sources chose to focus on more Kingly emotions.

[@kpetalis]

No you are right about that. Cleitus was a friend, ally and big brother figure to Alexander. The Fact that he killed him on a drunken fit of rage was inexcusable and his remorse was mainly from that. But the fact of the matter is that in Greece, all guests whom you have admitted to your house and have given food and water are sacred guests protected under the sacred rules of hospitality and under the protection of Zeus himself. No other crime could be considered more sacrilegious than harming honored guests after you have given them the protection of your roof. Alexander had been proclaimed and given the idea by his mother and the oracle at Siwa that he was the son of Zeus. A Demigod. What he did here was in direct opposition to what his supposed father ordained. He killed a guest. Those two facts together was the reason for his almost mental breakdown.

[@tylerdurden3722]

Alexander was extremely religious and superstitious. Whatever picture the above statement paints in your mind, multiply it by 100. E.g. At some point, Alexander hired elephant hunters to protect him while he slept because Alexander believed that Indian Elephants were mystical creatures that could magically appear in his tent and silently kill him in his sleep. At the river Hyphasis, Ptolemy used a trick on Alexander's weakness to force him to submit to the army's desire to turn back. Alexander was being as stubborn as always...his will like an unstoppable force. Ptolemy convinced Alexander to have a priest read an omen on whether to cross the river or not. The omen was bad, Alexander very reluctantly respected the omen. Alexander wanted to get rid of the old guard. Cleitus was to become Satrap of Bactria (a no man's land akin to Siberia where political prisoners were sent). Cleitus was mostly unhappy because he understood what was happening and he was offended for being sent to remain in this no-man's land that had been used for 300 years to send Greeks to live in, by the Persians. Plus, Cleitus was not from the same generation as him...they didn't grow up as similarly aged friends. Cleitus was on campaign with Phillip while Alexander was growing up with others his age.

[@jesseberg3271]

@@tylerdurden3722 ok, but unless you actually believe he was a god, then he was human and had human emotions, and realizing that he had murdered someone who had been like an uncle to him his whole life would have affected him the same way it would have pretty much anyone else. I feel like the video, and I presume the sources, gave short shrift to that normal human emotion.

[@denniscleary7580]

You know it kings when you talk about Alexander and the Greeks I’m there 👍

[@ArianaraS3]

“Your ancestors came to Macedonia and the rest of Hellas [Greece] and did us great harm, though we had done them no prior injury. I have been appointed leader of the Greeks, and wanting to punish the Persians I have come to Asia, which I took from you.” - Alexander's letter to Persian king Darius III of Persia in response to a truce plea, as quoted in Anabasis Alexandri by Arrian; translated as Anabasis of Alexander by P. A. Brunt, for the "Loeb Edition" Book II 14, 4 ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΣ the GOAT

[@dimitris9006]

The amount of detail and perspective this series give us for Alexander's conquests is insane. I can say that it is the best material on that subject in KZbin. Also, this was a great episode. Traps, losses, guerilla warfare, some dark aspects of Alexander's personality and his first marriage. It even surpassed a game of thrones episode 😆

[@dimitris9006]

@bastiat I am not an expert, but I have a great interest on the ancient Macedonians and so I consume high amounts of related content. Of course, I did not pretend to know more things than someone else, I just stated my opinion. I just haven't watched something better than this yet. Since this is just my personal view and not an actual fact, you can disagree and criticize it. I do not see the reason for being rude and offensive though..

[@drakehashimoto685]

Ignore him, he clearly has presented himself as salty, narrow, and of the utmost pessimistic. There is a difference between being an expert and being an enthusiast. Both however are knowledgeable and understand what subject or subjects they research, the only difference would be who that person is who "thinks" they're an expert, and those who "know" they are. Furthermore, I've seen some "experts" say incorrect, no longer credible stuff, and what not on youtube for example, so the term expert shouldn't be expected for everyone unless they've made themselves clearly and correctly to being such. I've researched Roman and other histories for years and watched much content on history, science, technology, etc etc, but I would not say I'm an expert, rather a knowledgeable enthusiast or a buff, or rather a polymath if you love studying multiple subjects like I and others ;). Some people like this need to relax and not take the smallest things like this so seriously. I get it if you're annoyed, but emotions tend to distort or redirect us from what we should see. Sorry for the long rant/comment lol. Take care and I'm sure you know this, but things like this happen with us all, but yea, definitely ignore him.

[@sjonnieplayfull5859]

Game of Thrones? Well, I did not see any ( . Y . ) Oh, and that guy makes mistakes as well. I heard he once say it was Friday, but most of the time that is not correct.... I even heard he later said it was monday, so he is not even consistent

[@apexnext]

Speaking of sexual, I am number 69 Liked. 😁👍 Completely agree with OP. The writing, details, voice, and graphics only get better and better with K&G. This Alexander series is perfection for me. 😎

[@VoidLantadd]

Imagine a Game of Thrones/House of the Dragon style "Alexander" show made by HBO. Sticking as close to the sources as possible, only adding things to foreshadow events or flesh out characters. I could just imagine each campaign being the start of a new season, and we get introduced to a new set of recurring characters from the region who will be swept up in the events or try to oppose the Macedonians like Craterus, Spitamenes, Roxana, etc. in this episode. This imaginary HBO show is what I've been imagining all while watching this series. It would convert to that medium so well.

[@Zero-xs9bo]

Imagine being so great that your highest inflicted largest military defeat only count as 2300 troops

[@Zero-xs9bo]

Mb if my english is bad

[@fliksn]

And he liked his father more than his narrsasitic mother whos d picted as alex loved her but no writings found of him saying something to her

[@petervoller3404]

Hey all, I was the historian and scriptwriter for this episode! Hope you guys enjoyed it! If you have any feedback or questions, please do leave them below and I'll do my best to get around to them all!

[@owenhughesdrummer304]

Absolutely incredible work lad!

[@Pichuuh]

Amazing work man, I watch it all together with my family like a spectacle. Do you have an idea on how much more videos will be made on this series?

[@TheAntinowherelane]

Thank you for what you do from a fellow lover of history!

[@memorymeme51]

Can you guys please make a series about the punic wars? Aka the first, second and even third.

[@nagendraraman6410]

This script is amazing, i remember everything i listened to.

[@94leonidas]

It is absolutely baffling to me just how long ago this was and how records of it survived as well as archeological findings and so on.

[@geordiejones5618]

His campaign was probably the most documented series of events until the Greeks started writing about Roman history.

[@Leynx-Et-Fenrir]

I am also surprised how ancient Greek hard drive or flash drive could last so long.

[@suikzaxa9593]

Hello tajik here 🤚. We are one of the direct descendants of Sogdians and yes It's true that we had some fights with our Indo-European Greek brothers but what makes us more sad today is that most of our land is occupied by turko-mongols.

[@theawesomeman9821]

you sound like someone who doesn't like Turko-Mongols

[@interestinglife934]

Very sad.

[@andrewflare1361]

Greetings from Greece , stay strong !

[@theodorospadelidis6537]

@@andrewflare1361 hello i own a greek culture discord server if you wanna join send me your discord account

[@ikballalli5539]

Racist!

[@robertboyle2573]

Alexander's career never gets boring.

[@biscolataman]

Alexander encouraged his troops to marry Sogdian women . Unions between Macedonians and natives , he said , " is essential to domination of the area .

[@lerneanlion]

When the Renaissance historians relearned of Alexander the Great and his generals, I wonder what they thought of Cleitus' death. A fool who dared to question his King? The victim of the Alexander's pettiness? Or both?

[@igweogba6774]

A democrat who realized too late that he was now living in a dictatorship

[@kleinenfuchse5365]

@bastiat my boy bastiat again in the comments throwing little rages everywhere. I wanna pinch your cheeks saying *gugugu* , stroking your head cutely😭

[@liamjm9278]

Relearned? They never forgot about him.

[@lerneanlion]

@@liamjm9278 Well most of the peoples, even in the royal courts, barely know him in the Middle Ages in Europe. But during the Renaissance, at least most of those from the high societies across Europe know about him.

[@liamjm9278]

@@lerneanlion Bullshit.

[@ArianaraS3]

This channel really loves the greek history and we love the channel too Love from greece 🇬🇷❤️

[@smefour]

They also love Macedonian history

[@ArianaraS3]

@@smefour i know thats why i said greek history

[@smefour]

@@ArianaraS3 They do share very close history by being neighbours

[@ArianaraS3]

@@smefour man stop this propaganda especially in history channels, no one Will believe it, ancient Macedonians were greeks get over it

[@ZacharyNicklis]

@@smefour not as much as you’d think modern north Macedonians as they are called are a south Slavic people who moved into the Balkans in the 6th and 7th century…..Phillip and Alexander’s borders only encompassed the southern 10% to 15% of what’s now north Macedonia

[@adinfinitum000]

Greatest Greek to ever walk the earth.

[@leszekwolkowski9856]

Well what about socrates, plato, aristotle or zorba?

[@nikosmihalo4706]

@@leszekwolkowski9856 alexander is greatest greek

[@sohrab4371]

@@nikosmihalo4706 and the most savage one kinda sad that u call him the biggest greek after all those philosophers someone extremally brutal childish and selfish just like how mongols pray before changiz khan at least he wasnt childish

[@nikosmihalo4706]

@@sohrab4371 alexander is not like mongolian.... created citys , theater showed Greek culture in east created library and did the campaign for danger of persian

[@leszekwolkowski9856]

@@nikosmihalo4706 Mongolians gave us yogurt. Alexander didn't even know what yogurt is! Barbarian.

[@Saint_Sin]

Can never have enough Alexander.

[@brokenbridge6316]

Any video involving Alexander the Great is a must watch for me. Great video.

[@ismail_muhammad13]

At this point I feel like Alexandra wasn't human, the sheer intelligence and wisdom of this young man is just unreal😲 He is also an inspiring to all youths in the world 🤗 To keep striving for better ❤Love for Ghana🇬🇭❤

[@jessejojojohnson]

Tbf he felt the same too

[@hermespsychopompos4615]

Alexandra is the female version of the name, lol. Alexandros was his normal Greek male name and Alexander in English/Latinized form.

[@theshadowsagas3617]

It would truly take someone of Alexander's talents to do counterinsurgency in Afghanistan successfully

[@itzikashemtov6045]

Ur comparing very different times, If American soldiers would slaughter all millitary age men in just 1 region at Afghanistan, Believe me nobody would dare talking any bad shit, Let alone hold a weapon in insurgency. Thats why Alenxader and Genghis were so effective in campaigns, Fear is a strong factor when occupying.

[@fliksn]

@@itzikashemtov6045 no alex faced outnumbering odds did he die no he beat em and has not npd

[@teoteog3984]

@@itzikashemtov6045 like Hiroshima Nagasaki

[@liamjm9278]

@@itzikashemtov6045 Yes they would.

[@luizhenriqueferreiradesouz153]

@@itzikashemtov6045 the enemy are defeats like others

[@micalangenburg1706]

Another treat from my favorite channel. Kings and Generals! Thank you for giving us non stop videos about our favorite historical figure. It is not just for us who loves history who's benefiting from your videos, you're also helping the students in the future generations with your amazing contents! Keep it up and we love you guys who's making these gems of a content!

[@JuliusCheemsar]

I just got into the videos about Alexander’s conquests a few days ago and I am happy there is now even more to learn about.

[@mithridates3152]

Yo, you're here too?

[@JuliusCheemsar]

@@mithridates3152 hello there

[@biscolataman]

The men of the town were killed while the women and children were added to the army's spoils. The next day he moved to the second city and took it in similar fashion, then went on to seize the third the following day. He sent a large cavalry force on to the fourth and fifth cities to take them before they had time to organize an effective resistance, so that within a week the king had recaptured five of the seven frontier forts and enslaved thousands of Sogdian women and children.

[@Vlad.88]

Based Alexander the Great

[@richardbradley2335]

Nice bloke then !

[@markcoroneos7811]

@@Vlad.88 entirely based 😎

[@90skidcultist]

🤢🤮

[@muhammadeisa1459]

@@Vlad.88 based Ottomans who did the same with Europeans 😎

[@zohaibalam7339]

Thank you kings and generals for describing history in most entertaining and unbiased way

[@michaelsinger4638]

Alexander was a master of adoring to different situations and challenges and still managing to win in the end. Also this battle was where he met his favorite wife as well.

[@peruamorrortubarrenetxea5300]

About court historian Callisthenes, it's worth pointing out that none of his works have survived, but that folk retellings of his work were the source for the Alexander Romance, a higly imaginative and phantastic version of Alexander's story, that has 0 historical value but is very entertaining, and is the source of most medieval legends about Alexander. Worth a read.

[@minatodroger7890]

This man was built differently my word man

[@thegermaniccoenus2525]

This is where the "theoretical peltast reforms" takes shape. If you looked up closely in the battles where the phalanxes of Alexander fought, they weren't against the massed disciplined formations of the Greeks and Persians. They were against incredibly mobile troops that relied hit-and-run tactics, and with devastating effect. Now you wouldn't use a phalanx armed 15-18 foot pike against those kinds of enemies. And in my research I found out that the heaviest part of a Macedonian pikeman was his sarissa. His shield would be way too small for an arrow barrage. So in that kind of battle, a slow phalanx of the Macedonians would've been massacred to a man. Using a dory spear would be good solution however the length provided would not be enough to repel the charge of Scythian cataphracts. So you have to use spears that are light but long enough to repel a cavalry charge and the Iphicratean spears (the length of which would be the Asclepiodotian 12ft) would've been the solution for that kind of problem. And in addition, in order for them to be able counter their enemies at range, javelins do their part. (You would've noticed that in my previous comments regarding the references) Another problem is the shields, the 60cm peltai shields that the Macedonians use are way too small to cover the soldier for a missle barrage. Aspis shields can provide that kind of protection however they would've been way too heavy for a march on the double and would restrict the left arm to use in order to hold the short pike. And luckily enough, the shields of the Macedonian Royal Infantry Guard are peltai, lighter than an Aspis but large enough to withstand a hail of arrows. Armed with such weapons, the Macedonian phalanx not only been a mobile force but a lethal one at that.

[@geordiejones5618]

This is exactly why I think if Alexander surived into his 60s, he would have been fighting the Romans, after of course taking Carthage, Numidia, Sicily, southern Italy, and Illyria. Rome would be on the verge of evelopment but to their credit it would have bled Alexander's armies more than any other foe. The only way I see him taking Rome is if he's able to show a shrewd diplomatic ear by playing Syracuse and Carthage against each other, then taking southern Italy and instead of immediately engaging the Samnites/Romans, letting them wear each other down first. But I feel like Alexander would rather seige Carthage, seige Syracuse, fighting everywhere in precise but long campaigns to capture everything Pyrrus tried to plus North Africa then taking on central Italy in his 50s. Still Rome had the best reserve base outside of China at the time, they could have rallied the Samnites and others they'd fought to oppose Alexander. It would have taken hundreds of thousands mobilized from every nation he'd conquered to force all of Italy to submit.

[@MrEnric98]

Although it seems counterintuitive, the many lances of the Phalanx was an effective way of blocking ranged missiles. Of course it wasn't as protective as the Roman curved shields but they weren't as weak as you imagined.

[@thegermaniccoenus2525]

@@MrEnric98 Who said they were weak? I only said they were really heavy. One, I have yet to see a demonstration of pikes being able to repulse an arrow barrage. Through reenactment of course. Every account and commentary in regards to the subject of pikes vs. arrow barrage, I have read has been rather speculative. Which is why I'm keeping my doubts about it. Two those pikes are way too heavy, like I said it's the heaviest part of the Macedonian arsenal. They can be managed but in a battle against horse archers. Yeah, good luck with that. And three, the weight long pikes prevents the weapon-switching of javelins to a long pike. (Check out Rufus' account on the Duel of Coragus and Dioxippus and Arrian's battle of the Hydaspes for their account of pikemen with javelins)

[@thegermaniccoenus2525]

@@geordiejones5618 That would've depended in the stabilization of the Eastern provinces. Particularly Bactria, Sogdiana and the neighbouring Scythians. They have always been a major problem. Loyal Eastern army and a loyal satrap would've been greatly needed. Any false news and rumor of Alexander's death would've immediately invited revolt.

[@cheyanne8901]

Very interested the whole video, can't wait for the Next!!!

[@user-yr4js5zq1k]

One of your best series!!! Continue your great work.

[@nenenindonu]

The amount of Hellenic content for the past few months is out of control NGL...

[@kyriacoskotsonis9294]

Thanks!

[@eugeneeugene3704]

Damn this guy never stopped

[@Butter9322]

This series just gets better and better. Keep it up!

[@vigiler]

I'm loving this series. Always fantastic work from this channel :)

[@loods2215]

13:55 I love that detail lmao

[@paulceglinski3087]

Everything is well in the world when K&G loads a new video for coffee. Excellent. Cheers.

[@mikemodugno5879]

Thank you so much for coverage of this theater of Alexander's conquests. Greeks in Central Asia have always fascinated me, but it's so rare to get good info on them. Out of curiosity, is this an early release, or will there still be a video on Sunday?

[@biscolataman]

III, 6: Fall 328, a Mace. camp in Sogdiana: Alexander allows his men to “celebrate,” eating and drinking and carousing with Sogdian women. The occasion is a going-away party for Cleitus, cocommander of the Companions cavalry.

[@xotl2780]

Pharnuces was no military commander, and he knew it. Still, he was given his orders and he obeyed them regardless. Poor bastard.

[@EnclaveEmily]

The animation on this episode is masterful.

[@loupiscanis9449]

Thank you , K&G . 🐺

[@lawrencewhyte1554]

Maybe a new series on the whole history of the successors during the Hellenistic period

[@beachboy0505]

excellent video thanks 😊 brilliant graphics 👏 👌

[@khaledalamin2946]

I love how your content varies, telling histories of the many cultures and religions around the world and not mostly focused on the western cultures like many other history channels

[@robbabcock_]

Fantastic video! I can't wait for the next one.⚔😎🙏

[@mueezadam8438]

9:30 Phillip of Macedon was a genius who became king, but Alexander was a genius born to be king. He went from being called a half-bastard to the mender of a fracturing kingdom at the age of 20. There have been many mature, rightful heirs with an established dynasty who failed to do just that.

[@adityasinghjadoun6675]

13:53 please represent more historical conversations and messages with emojis😂😂

[@dimitris9006]

Haha indeed, I thought this was a nice touch too 🤣

[@hugobegin]

Great video, thank you!

[@sockastor]

Great work ! Thanks a lot 👍

[@barrycass7823]

Great work! Thanks!!

[@almighty5839]

I’m hoping that soon we can get the next after Caesar civil war vids and possibly videos on Antiochus the great I feel like his campaigns would be a cool series.

[@andrewmurphy1774]

Kings and Generals needs to come up with a soundtrack for the music they use.

[@Nastiazik]

Hi! I am from Russia, but I run an independent and honest channel in English, I produce videos related to history and politics. I would like to get your assessment of my latest video. I think you will be interested to see. Thank you ☺️

[@mikeruxpin2829]

Great content guys love it all.

[@IceniBrave]

Highly recommend the novel "The Afghan Campaign" by Steven Pressfield, for a remarkable fictionalised account of this phase of Alexander's conquests.

[@abdonandsennen7108]

No, events taking part in modern Uzbekistan. Sogdia was in modern Uzbekistan, not Afghanistan.

[@PrimeroVorian1]

thank you!

[@skingk2632]

This is excellent history instruction.

[@collintrytsman3353]

excellent as always

[@donizetebelinato2808]

Best history channel in KZbin!

[@sensibleperson8208]

Fantastic documentary

[@antidweller6373]

Not only Roxana was beautiful. The Sogdian language sounds pretty good too. Check out I love languages for a sample text. 👍

[@Nastiazik]

Hi! I am from Russia, but I run an independent and honest channel in English, I produce videos related to history and politics. I would like to get your assessment of my latest video. I think you will be interested to see. Thank you ☺️

[@suikzaxa9593]

There are many Sogdian words in tajik dialect

[@azi.q]

@@suikzaxa9593 sogdians and Bactrians are Tajiks 🇦🇫🇹🇯

[@HellenicWolf]

great work guys

[@P3dda]

I love these Videos about Alexander's conquest. Please don't stop making them!

[@thanoskoumpanis9699]

Alexander videos are my favourite

[@sargisshirinyan207]

Can't wait can't wait can't wait

[@ryanarcher1584]

29 years old

[@rezashojaee4606]

Dear Kings and Generals, I love you

[@sevoo1579]

Great stuff bros

[@JRGProjects]

Cleatus should have left well enough alone the first time. Kudos to the guards trying to step in and disarming Alexander when they did. There is definitely a sense of camaraderie in Alexander's army.

[@Uzair_Of_Babylon465]

Fantastic video keep it up your doing amazing job

[@thedrinkinggamemaker9749]

Arimazes: "it's over, Alexander. I have the high ground." Alexander: "I missed the part where that's my problem."

[@ramdallytimothee2242]

Kings and generals is making Alexander's life become a movie series .The death of Cletus and Parmenion was rather dramatic to me.😳

[@zach7193]

This reminds me of the scene in Alexander with Colin Farrell. The fight with Cleitus the Black.

[@theawesomeman9821]

I just remembered that movie. Its accurate but meh.

[@addyoradz6911]

Oh Kings and Generals, you do spoil me so☺️

[@H4kkk0]

Give the man a break ! If I was him , after a few drinks , when someone insults everything I did in my life bringing family into the mix , I think I would have reacted exactly the same !

[@fliksn]

And he almost killed himself thats not someone with npd

[@terry7907]

“The revolt would present Alexander with his greatest challenge.” He marched an infantry army around the Mediterranean, across the Middle East, into India and back, without a professional logistical organisation, or even maps. He defeated the most powerful empire in the ancient world. He besieged and took Tyre. Dealing with the revolt is maybe in his top five.

[@markcoroneos7811]

Not professional by our modern standards but for their age it absolutely was. Philip put alot of time into developing a cutting edge logistical system that allowed the Macedonian armies to operate far further and far longer than any other hellenic army ever could/had. The Persians also had an even more advanced system that allowed them to project power over their vast territories and sustain conflicts both militarily and economically better than anyone else at the time. They were able to fight on after losing three seperate major battles (and a full half of their territory), any one of which would have crippled any other nation instantly. Alexander utilised both of these systems to their fullest. Being able to regularly resupply and receive reinforcements from as far away as Macedonia while actively on campaign.

[@andrewyoung8550]

@Alexios I Komnenos He didn’t make it to the Deccan plate but definitely dipped his toes into the India subcontinent.

[@matthewkira6668]

@khushal Singh Maurya I can see the butthurt Indian nationalist in you. If Alexander the Great were defeated, he would be imprisoned by Porus and there won't subsequent campaigns against the Mallians. There wont be any attempt to reconcile Taxiles with Porus. And Alexander wont be able to order him around to fetch for reinforcement to Beas River. And there won't be a mutiny as Alexander's men were likely to wind up prisoner or dead in a losing battle with Porus.

[@diddlypoop4722]

@khushal Singh Maurya >no proof

[@markcoroneos7811]

you guys know that Pakistan was partitioned from what was originally India right? That whole area was ‘India’. It was partitioned into Bangladesh and Pakistan following the hindu/muslim divide in the later 1940’s after the British handed back control. So yes, alexander did enter India. Its just not considered India in the current day.

[@arvinrasoulzadeh4379]

Interesting. Really interesting. I believe that his difficulty in these Parthian lands were already showing a preparation of stage for later confrontations with ppl from these regions, naemly, the Parthians!

[@Leynx-Et-Fenrir]

There are gods, there are us and there is Alexander

[@Romanempire809]

Great video, but from where do you take your visuals for the videos?

[@temogen2]

Thanks

[@mocha6698]

i love this channel

[@islamicstatus7126]

Please upload next Alexander conquest early

[@mpaulm]

Michael Wood describes this battle well in his documentary "In The Footsteps of Alexander".

[@danwillett5657]

Doesn’t he mention the later seige of aornis / pir sar ) on it not this one? Similar situation with the seige engines and causeway though.

[@mpaulm]

@@danwillett5657 He mentions both of them actually.

[@danwillett5657]

@@mpaulm fair enough, I need to rewatch it anyway, great programme lol

[@choolaimedudude6284]

Thanks for making videos of Alexander's battles in Bacteria. It's a gift to see this Champaign brought to life graphically.

[@414lowlights6]

Ah yes, Bacteria! Lol

[@caymuscairns6845]

The Cletus v Alex bit reminds me of unhinged Collin Feral.

[@johnvonshepard9373]

damn he's good.

[@nugsnjugs9954]

I swear Alexander has to be a time traveler.

[@davidbrandao1315]

???

[@user-rx7qe3ce2t]

Impressive

[@wedgeantillies66]

To be fair, yes Alexander was very ruthless and efficient in putting down said rebellion, but these rebels whom had been pardoned and rebelled again several times, so had blotted their copybook and couldn't be dealt with any other way. While in taking those too well defended and situated sogdian fortresses, Alexander yet again showed himself to be a master of the art of siege craft.

[@tomislavpetrov1179]

The fortress Sogdian Rock in Sogdiana (present-day Tajikistan) was captured by the forces of Alexander the Great in the early spring of 327 BC.

[@josephphoenix1376]

Excellent Episode.,,.. Curious if any of the graves of Alexander.s men ever turn up in Modern Archeology?🤔

[@dimitris9006]

Well, the tomb of Vrasidas (a spartan ally of Alexander) has been found. Also, the huge tomb of Amphipolis (kasta tomb) is believed by some archaeologists to be made for Hephaestion. Alexander's father Phillip was buried in Vergina and his tomb was found intact, giving us some stunning artifacts, like his personal armor. Lastly, I have to mention that, there have been tens (maybe even hundreds) of Macedonian tombs discovered, but it is not yet clear who was their owner..