Knee Replacement Surgery: All Your Questions Answered

Total Knee Replacement (TKR), also known as Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), is a medical procedure to replace damaged areas of the knee joint with an artificial implant. This surgery is mainly for relieving pain and stiffness caused by arthritis, which occurs when the cartilage cushioning the knee deteriorates, leading to bone friction, pain, inflammation, deformity, and mobility loss. Depending on the cartilage damage extent, either a total or partial knee replacement may be performed. Implants, typically made from metals like titanium, chrome, cobalt, zirconium, or synthetic materials like polyethylene plastics or ceramics, are designed to minimize joint movement wear. The procedure, lasting 1 to 3 hours, may use general or regional anesthesia and involves removing damaged bone and cartilage, then fitting and securing the implants. Risks include infection, blood clots, nerve damage, joint instability, and implant loosening over time. Preoperative preparation, such as managing weight, controlling diabetes, quitting smoking, and improving nutrition, is crucial for a successful outcome. Physical therapy post-surgery is vital for recovery, emphasizing the importance of activity and range of motion for long-term knee function.
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