Hypatia & The Death of Classical Antiquity

[@He.knows.nothing]

I was just exploring the philosophical traditions of women to try and provide my female students with entry points of interest into the study of ideas and wisdom traditions. Excellent timing, thank you!

[@TheLeonhamm]

You could also try more that lay off today's beaten track .. Cécile Fabre, GEM Anscombe, Edith Stein, Juana Inés de la Cruz and Elisabeth of Bohemia, Tullia d'Aragona and Teresa of Ávila, Catherine of Siena and many, many others...

[@Neoprototype]

Then start with the first christ: Medea 🙏 Hekate 🙏 ask the Muse and she will provide. 🍷

[@thumper8684]

So Hypatia was a scapegoat. Was she not easier to blame because she was from outside the church? This is how a lot of persecutions start.

[@QWERTYUIOP-wu6ht]

Then years later, witch hunts happened.

[@luxinvictus9018]

And shortly after the witch hunts, Europe was gripped by Saturn's plague which killed 70% of the population. Karma. There's now speculation that the bubonic plague was not caused by rats, as originally thought, but brought to Europe and the middle East through the Mongol invasions. "If you were not sinners, the Gods would not have sent me to destroy you" ~Gengis Khan

[@sammyjones8279]

That and she also was "in the way" of a violent ruler's ambitions - if she'd been Christian, she'd been called a heretic and skinned alive. If she were a man, she'd be called a traitor and skinned alive. She was the epitome of "wrong place wrong time," which makes it all the more tragic... But honestly? It makes her story more powerful to me - her gender was secondary to her actions in life.

[@thumper8684]

@@sammyjones8279 She very much was not in the way. She was not a party to the dispute between the rival factions in the church. She did not have a voice in the arena in which this battle was fought. She was useful the faction that scapegoated and murdered her because she was an outsider to the church. Somebody that was in the church would have been more likely to stir sympathies among other church members.

[@thumper8684]

@@sammyjones8279 I think you misunderstand the power balance in the early church. It was less centralised. There was no papal primacy. The Nicene creed was not a thing.

[@batosato]

Hypatia's philosophy is so inspiring. Reading about these philosophers really makes me agree with Ibn Tufail and others who believed that Philosophers and studying philosophies can bring one closer to the ultimate truth (God).

[@Nexus-jg7ev]

I think that philosophy leads the other way. At least it lead me in a different direction.

[@Neoprototype]

How do you know here philosophy? The video made it clear she didn't leave any writings of her own. Just commentary. . .

[@arturhashmi6281]

@@Nexus-jg7ev where did it get you?

[@Nexus-jg7ev]

@@arturhashmi6281 In the opposite direction of that of the OP. It lead them to theism, while it lead me to atheism.

[@arturhashmi6281]

@@Nexus-jg7ev I understand, but which philosopher or idea made you atheist?

[@PeterSchmuttermaier]

Interesting how many people throughout history heard the story of the merciful creator God coming to earth as his own son, preaching non-vioence and forgiveness, who lets himself being tortured and killed to save all of humanity through his sacrifice, and then they thought "Wow, what a story... I think it's about how mob violence and brutal lynchings are the coolest thing in the world. I'm in!"

[@alecmisra4964]

All the gods want blood... doesnt matter what they preach.

[@andreapandypetrapan]

Well, that's patriarchal masculine paranoia and violence for your, as projected into the mythology of Abrahamic monotheism, at least the Roman Catholic brand. Love andrea

[@giovanniclimaco6007]

@@andreapandypetrapanLOL cool bro. Such an insightful comment. Please give us more of this dreck.

[@Dovahkiin0117]

@@giovanniclimaco6007bruh anyone defending the Catholic Church haven’t learned enough history 😂 They were working with Nazis in ww2 amongst the plethora of other horrid things from the distant past Them Roman’s always wanted power

[@bigbluebuttonman1137]

@@giovanniclimaco6007A lot of the Roman Aristocracy moved directly into clerical positions, often bringing their baggage with them. It might be the case that some of their attitudes never quite went away and uh…might have influenced some things.

[@evodevo420]

You are the best religious youtuber hands down. Thank you for shining some light into this world. You are a good person

[@SallyImpossible]

Hypatia's death highlights the rude reality of humanity: people are easily whipped up to brutally murder an innocent person and run amok with the remains, for any reason whatsoever. Religion is often used as an instigator, and when it's not the motivator, it's used as a justification.

[@PeterSchmuttermaier]

The absurdity lies in the fact that the name giver of one of the religions involved made his non-violent stand very clear. It is the core of his teachings, yet people still brutally murder outsiders for thinking differently. If this is possible on such a scale, humanity seems to be beyond saving. If it is possible to manipulate big groups of people to become violent murderers even with teachings of pacifism, one can do it with anything. It doesn't matter. People will kill for Jesus, Beyoncé, the Denver Broncos, the Cookie Monster, Pop tarts... You just need a demagogue skilled enough to make it happen. It is so depressing to think of it.

[@tuomasronnberg5244]

Only religion can make otherwise decent people commit evil acts.

[@onemoreminute0543]

​@@tuomasronnberg5244 'only religion' Yeah nevermind: - Capitalism - Communism - Nationalism - Literally dozens of other factors that make human beings treat each other like shit

[@tuomasronnberg5244]

@@onemoreminute0543 Sure, but none of those can make good people treat others like shit.

[@pedrosampaio7349]

That's too simple, people are swept up into doing bad and unwise things under the right circumstances; if people are satisfied with the current state of things, they're a much heavier object to move for would-be demagogues. Thinking that people are generally some kind of fickle herd on their own, without the necessary context of stress and strife, will lead to some pretty dicey, misanthropic conclusions. Conclusions that lead to more pain and suffering. I think if all that misery is to be avoided, 'the People', (define them as you wish, it doesn't really matter), should think for themselves and draw their own carefully processed conclusions, instead of being lead around by some wannabe 'outsiders' or the established order.

[@Razi290]

Filip, i have been a regular follower of your channel for quite sometime. Your thorough research and nuanced discussion on different subjects were nothing short of exemplary on different levels. Conversely, i have to say, your hasty characterization of cyril and his foes is quite ahistorical. This is me telling you as an ex-ethiopian orthodox christian and now an agnostic-atheist. When you bring the story of hypathia, you have take the sociopolitical reality of the theodocian era, which was marred by incessant bitter struggle b/n the alexandrian patriarchy(miaphysite church) and antiochean bishops that have a significant support in constantinople and imperial rome. you have to also consider the social variables(horizontal power struggle) which is pretty much characterized by the skirmishs devised by local egyptian population against their occupiers, roman soldiers, roman chosen chalcedonian bishops, priests, settlers...

[@IpsissimusPrime]

Some nuance! What would you recommend for reading on this period? Would appreciate your input. Can be academic or not.

[@BlackReaper0]

I would also like some recommendations for this part!

[@afk1352008]

Or perhaps Cyril was indeed a petty little bitch.

[@BernardCharles]

I too think this video was hastily overgeneralized. This whole thing is way more insidious than what others lead on. I mean someone was literally ripped apart and experienced a gruesome death. Fanatical sociopathic behavior and we get told that Hypatia’s death is too popular of a point to mark the end of polytheistic antiquity lmao 😅 there is a clear collective reason why she should never be forgotten or shrunken to appease the patriarchy. Hard stop.

[@IpsissimusPrime]

@@BernardCharles Completely Agree. Too much noise in the comments as well.

[@Wyattinous]

Man what perfect timing, I was just watching Extra History’s videos regarding Hypatia yesterday, it was recommended to me and I clicked having known about her for the most part from various sources. You’re the BEST person to give us an accurate view on her life. ❤

[@shayooooo]

Thank you very much for this presentation Filip. If at all anything, this has only reinforced my observation in how mob killings somehow end up being a push that yields irreparable consequences for the nation/people's culture. In a world that has seen monarchs and lesser men murdered for simpler reasons, the death of a scholar by a mob is a somber illustration of what that time was like. It's no wonder it marked the end of the Classical Antiquity.

[@Caspar67]

The timing on this is funny because Extra Credits is also doing their series on Hypatia at this time too.

[@mathdhut3603]

Get them, Jack Rackham and Overly Sarcastic Productions in for a collab. I'd be down for that!

[@Prebaaaaaaaaaaaaaa]

I was just writing a comment about that when I saw yours! Hahaha

[@EwMatias]

Good thing we get an accurate version.

[@lordoflightning7506]

For me personally, I stumbled upon her Wikipedia page for the first time just yesterday.

[@Prebaaaaaaaaaaaaaa]

@@EwMatias your comment oozes smartass energy

[@scottygordon3280]

Finally a SHWEP shoutout! Best podcast I've ever discovered by far.

[@lapis722]

Just finished extra history videos on this am so happy to see you cover this ❤❤❤

[@dianadoesthings8914]

I haven't seen it mentioned here, but the song "Kaisarion" by Ghost mentions Hypatia. Arguably, the song is about her, the persecution of the other, and the hypocrisy of the oppressor. It's a good song.

[@pigstonwidget]

I really hugely enjoyed this. I've only just heard about Hypatia and a search on You Tube for more info brought me to you. Really clear and interesting. Thank you. And such a sad story for such an amazing woman.

[@Fr.O.G.]

Can't wait to watch this later.

[@Fr.O.G.]

i've been so busy lately that i had entirely forgotten about the shwep.

[@gregcampwriter]

She does work as a symbol of rationality against fundamentalist barbarism.

[@adameve2647]

She is a light for many people who don't dwell in mindless barbarism

[@Terriblyexplainingcomics]

She has barely any written works and was one of many classical teachers.

[@user98344]

​@@Terriblyexplainingcomics But not so many classical teachers were martyred in this way.

[@hollingsworth_hound]

Not really. Neoplatonism had some pretty irrational, mumbo-jumbo beliefs; it's not like she was some 21st-century atheist.

[@user98344]

@@hollingsworth_hound It is wrong though to criticise a almost two thousand year old philosophy with modern glances as for it's time was a champion of rationality.

[@akiyrjana6558]

Justin the Metalhead brought me to your channel. Good stuff, thank you very much! Lookin forward to delve deeper! (I read a lot a books, but sometimes it is great to be swept away by specialist orators to widen one's perspectives further.)

[@Houndfromhell76]

For me, it shows that every religion that comes up tends to condemn the religion before. Sometimes in such an extreme way that they forget and no longer live the teachings of their prophets/teachers. For me it shows that the claims they usually make of being the " one true religion" are just a way to claim power and dominance in a society.

[@AquariusGate]

Yes, religions have become captivated with materialism, right down to seeking the authentic story of the past. The love of wisdom is the wisdom of love. Learning through meditations on movement, not in the moment. Materialism is itself a divine enquiry. Its beginnings, even before natural science, it was born from a sense of something wondrous in the life experienced. The difficulty is that we are asked to make sense of our awareness and experiments, not learn to profit from them. A true religion invites examination and variation, to find common interpretation. It golds no answers but it describes a path through divine mysteries with some outlines and sketches of the terrain others have crossed in the past. All religions speak of one God of Love, there is no other. It is a mistake to insist God is allowed no guises. We are not allowed our own ideas, only natural thoughts. Energy moves and materialises. Expression holds natural essence, spirit. Meditating on movement guides you to the spirit of movement and the ages. Spirit is what materialism extracts from the living process to say there's no special ingredient. God is a transmission, a signal wave, flow is the source.

[@Kratos2492]

Thank you man, I always wanted to know more about what she actually teached rather than the horrible way she died. My Philosophy teacher would rather focus our studies in Socrates, Plato and Aristotle only, which I always thought it was a rather ironic way of perpetuating what her enemies wanted (this was in a Jesuit Highschool).

[@JediMasterRadek]

I dislike the implication of this video that Christianity and politics are a separate thing. From the very early days of Jesus, who believed he will kick Romans out and establish his kingdom, to the present day politics was a centerpiece of this religion.

[@ryguy1928]

I don't think Filip was trying to imply that the two were separate. I think he was just trying to show that Hypatia was really killed because she was caught in a power struggle between Christian leaders and not because of her personal theological beliefs.

[@TheViolaBuddy]

I'm reminded vaguely of the Hundred Schools of Thought in China in actually a similar timeframe, maybe just a few centuries prior, a chaotic and violent period with multiple competing philosophies being touted by different people - some of which became influential in later thinking (Confucianism and Daoism and the like). I don't actually know very much about this period, but in both cases, it's interesting to think about what life was like at the time - I guess we're mostly thinking about scholars and therefore more wealthy/upper-class people who had time to philosophize. How much were there overzealous violent behaviors towards other groups and how much was it more like "those people think weird; I don't like them but we have to begrudgingly coexist somehow" and how much was it like "I disagree with you intellectually; let us discuss this disagreement cordially over tea"? I'm sure it was all three for different people in different cases, but to what extent?

[@kennyhagan5781]

As always, you explained a complex subject in a way that anyone can follow.

[@drummersagainstitk]

Thanks for your posts. They're always interesting.

[@jokrwx3]

I enjoyed this channel a lot, educational and unbiased to see the religion clearly. any plans to do an episode about Animism or Vodu ? (:

[@Terriblyexplainingcomics]

God this channel is so cool

[@brandonf.6495]

Awesome video, as always! As other commenters have already noted, Extra History is doing a series on Hypatia, and I also recently listened to History for Atheist's episode on her, both of which I would highly recommend. It seems the consensus view is not the oversimplified science/philosophy vs. religion story of pop culture (though there is some truth to that), but rather a lesson in the danger of mixing politics and religion, which I see as being just as relevant to our age as it was in Hypatia's!

[@InAeternumRomaMater]

Cyril shouldn't at all be seen as Saint. But I cannot make my mind around it completely because I don't know what people consider as "holy" that he did to earn such title.

[@Razi290]

If your a christian, the very idea of you questioning the sainthood of cyril of Alexandria would be pretty hilarious😂

[@doomermensch5242]

​@@Razi290There's not a shred of virtue on that man, wherever he is now in the afterlife, he's not having a good time.

[@Razi290]

@@doomermensch5242 If it weren't for him arguing valorously using his cunning political maneuvers, that he learned from athanasius of alexandria and defeat nestorious(bishop of constantinople) at the council of ephesus, there wouldn't have be NO theological underpinning for the crucial christian theological concept of THEOTOKOS(mother of god). I'm telling you this unbearable fact as a former Ethiopian orthodox tewahido christian and now an agnostic-atheist, lol.

[@doomermensch5242]

@@Razi290 That doesn't change my opinion the least bit, I'm not a Christian of any kind, I'm a Vajrayana Buddhist with some sympathy for Greek thought in general, but Jamblichos in particular.

[@Razi290]

@@doomermensch5242 If you have some soft spot for greek thought(hellenism) then by Default you should commend the most hellenistic, ancient christian school(alexandrian school) and it's disciples such as athanasius, cyril, theodosius...

[@DaveTheTurd]

Highly valuable episode, thank you.

[@FrizzyHoran]

It felt like you were being contrarian here, arguing how her depiction in media of her being persecuted was exaggerated but in a long twisted way just said the opposite. Sure, christians weren’t the only violent ones but in the end it was because she dared to not support cyril, actively support the christians and since she wasn’t one of them she was killed.

[@LetsTalkReligion]

She supported a different christian?

[@FrizzyHoran]

@@LetsTalkReligion against the extremist christian faction, she was for the moderate faction. But in the end was an extremist christian faction that killed her, for not supporting their version of christianity and her leader. As all extremists do. Sure there was nuance, but not as portrayed in the beginning. I do love and watch your other videos but this one I felt was a bit contrarian

[@Terriblyexplainingcomics]

@@FrizzyHoranit’s just fact, she was loved by many Christians and supported and taught many of them. It was the politics of the time and the growing factions that came with it, she was just unfortunately caught up in the middle of it. All the facts he laid out on the table with no bias and with sources to back him up along with scholarly consensus. You don’t have to like it, but you’re gonna need to disprove all his claims if you feel he’s being wrong.

[@user98344]

​​@@TerriblyexplainingcomicsCan you explain to me what those politics and factions were about?

[@Tanno_Buchino]

@@Terriblyexplainingcomics , no, she was never loved by the Christians. Don't twist the facts with the christianity bs. She was loved by Romans, Egyptians and Greeks and other tribes. The Jews and the Christians never loved her, not even any Greek.

[@ayushtomar6824]

Even I just heard about Hypatia somewhere. Crazy coincidence. As if the universe just decided to bring Hypatia in our minds.

[@lordoflightning7506]

I was shocked to see how many others here are having this coincidental experience viewing this episode on Hypatia too.

[@QWERTYUIOP-wu6ht]

@@lordoflightning7506 it's called Synchronization. The Universe always finds a way.

[@lordoflightning7506]

@@QWERTYUIOP-wu6ht the universe keeps taking me back to Carl Jung, it seems...

[@Reignor99]

Buddy it's called the algorithm, and if you're like me you saw the "HistorybyMae" short (sad girl who shows sad paintings). I commented on that short, and then was recommended this video about Hypatia.

[@thecynicpyro]

Let's Talk Religion attempts not to talk about neoplatonism (Legendary difficulty)

[@LetsTalkReligion]

I hope for better luck next time

[@americaeaustraliaepius4338]

@@LetsTalkReligion You should embrace it and talk more about neoplatonism

[@nahnnan1265]

Non-christian here, can someone explain why Cyril of Alexandria became a saint? What did he do later in life?

[@Nahrin_Assyrian]

Nothing but problems with other Christian sects

[@TheOneCalledSloth]

He was powerful and rich

[@Kestrel-777]

The other comment is cynical and ignorant. Cyril was one of the most important and influential theologians ever, therefore he his considered a saint and church father.

[@user98344]

​@@Kestrel-777His life and way of living goes against Christ's teachings. Not that it matters a lot as neither the church follows them.

[@Peppers_mintus]

He performed a very good deed and lived a sanctified life later on in his life, that's it Me personally, I think he had a trip through purgatory just before he gets heaven

[@cinema8564]

Wonderfully gentle embrace of Hypatia's philosophy. There is a twentieth century version of man's decent from the One through to the manifest world then back to the One, the Source. Have you heard of Meher Baba, an Indian mystic (1894-1969) and his primary work, GOD SPEAKS ? (Available on Amazon, along with audible versions.) This stunningly simple but complete exposition of man's evolution and involution (from One to the many and back again) embraces, in its simplicity, HOW a soul experiences EVERYTHING in its many lives until it finally experiences--or REALIZES, actually--its true nature as the original source itself, now unblinded by illusion.

[@johntaylor9381]

Brilliant, as always.

[@mind_palace]

Off topic, the way that Genshin has been teaching about specific people indirectly, didn't know she was an actual person, wow

[@gracelessheart1051]

Many Genshin characters are named and profiled after the real persons. Alhaitham is a great example. Dig deeper on the topic of Genshin's lore, you'll love it.

[@Peppers_mintus]

Shut up

[@LVPUSTrismegistus]

Yo argumentaria que la muerte de la antigüedad clásica sucedió cuando Julián el filósofo exhalo su último aliento en Persia. Lo que vino después fueron las sacudidas del cadáver mientras se enfriaba.

[@iainmulholland2025]

You gloss over that she was flayed first then dismembered. An innocent victim of the result of mixing politics and religion.

[@erikm8372]

Well… thanks

[@matthewct8167]

The movie it’s not actually as one-sided as they think. It actually portrayed the pagans committing violence against Christians.

[@freethinker79]

"Wherever Christians have passed, conquering and discovering, it seems as though a fire has gone, consuming everything." --Pedro de Cieza de León (c. 1550, Crónica del Peru, Primera Parte, 2.66)

[@BlackReaper0]

Wow, I only heard of her being killed, but it seems it was quite a bit more brutal than a stabbing.

[@barrymoore4470]

it was unconscionably vicious, a truly salient illustration of mob mentality at work.

[@kuroazrem5376]

I think the movie Agora does depicts the conflicts in Alexandria in a very nuanced way. In that I think they got it right historically speaking.

[@austinmackell9286]

But KZbin douchebags have to be smarter than the normies.

[@alvarobarcala]

The fact that the movie is in tune with your ideological/religious agenda (likely anti christian) doesn't mean that the movie is historically accurate. Actually the movie intermingles many things that actually occurred in different historical moments and different contexts. It is full of anachronisms.

[@vertigq5126]

Great video!

[@isancicramon0926]

The only thing missing here would be who, & in what context, threw Hypatia's figure in the public domain again? i remember studying Late Antiquity in the early 2000's, it seemed far from anybody's interest. Then reading about Hypatia some times later, still seemed like a niche interest gaining traction among few-before the film was announced, and it seemed everybody suddenly had heard of her. I don't care that _‘I was there first’_ , i'm glad that my fascination for that period (for philosophical + ecclesiological purposes) found resonance in mass media, even though it cristallized on a single heroic figure; and ignored the general movement of history and ideas.

[@scring713]

I suppose this goes to show that the times we live in aren't exactly unprecedented, societies have always fought over the prevailing ideas of the time, especially when those societies are larger and more multicultural. On a different note, I enjoy the ways you highlight female figures of religious and philosophical history, as the sentiment is typically skewed in the belief that women weren't or couldn't be philosophers, or even cared to involve themselves in the field. The only time anyone thinks of female philosophers is in regards to modern feminism.

[@midoriya-shonen]

Wow, I'd never heard of any of this before

[@thegreatermysteries4134]

Great video. Thank you.

[@1bonatsos]

Thank you very lovely synopsis

[@maryelmahdy4100]

Thanks!

[@randyallen2966]

Awesome video thanks boss

[@youbetyourwrasse]

Hypatia will rise when Astraea returns to earth, no longer angry at her wicked beloveds. The Truth will become discernible to all men, the wise and the foolish, the scholarly and the simple, toddlers as well as the tottering elders. A New Dawn of Silver. A barren woman will birth a Golden Age, the unknowable will be remembered, and the perfect society will define itself. Men we become as gods. ∞

[@UsenameTakenWasTaken]

Yeah, men sure do love to try to make what they do sound pretty, don't they?

[@amypramuk7203]

She's is here ❤ 1212🪽✨️

[@youbetyourwrasse]

@@amypramuk7203 My dear one, what is the meaning of "1212" Are you an Oracle of some sort? (And I agree, she be hear, it will just take sum thyme for the scales to fall from men's eyes. Slowly, so the don't see too much Truth at once. And freakout and possibly get rowdy in the streets.)

[@amypramuk7203]

I'm an Incarnate for the divine feminine priciple here now ✨️ Yes I'm an oracle as well. 🪽 1212 is my number my birthday. Our Lady of the Guadalupe, who is recognized by Sikhs as Adi Shakti , her feast day. Rising all over ✨️.

[@youbetyourwrasse]

@@UsenameTakenWasTaken the Truth is Beauty. But you KNOW this ..

[@finrodfelagund8668]

Thank you for saying that there is no evidence of Bishop Cyril directly ordered Christians to murder Hypatia! Saint Cyril often gets unjustly slandered for something which he didn't do (if he did do it, then give evidence, don't just assume things). As always, your videos are amazing!

[@IpsissimusPrime]

The issue is that we don’t know the history at all. Filip adheres to the mainstream views of the current Western Academy here on this channel. There’s a lot more to history than that. And if you don’t know, the Romans would destroy pretty much everything except technological knowledge when they conquered peoples. So the search for any meaningful real history is pretty much moot as Rome grew. And “Christianity “ was used as a tool, then as now.

[@ЮрийКастро-м5в]

There is no evidence only means that there are no reliable sources (signed orders, or third person testimony from multiple people), but even today we don't have evidence for more modern events, like that Hi...er ordered the "final solution of Jewish question", we only have minutes from Wannsee conference, and letters from Goering to Heinrich, and Heinrich to Luther, no evidence of Austrian painter ordering it, but we all know he did.

[@user98344]

Even if he didn't ordered it (the post above gives a good response though), persecuting and seeking revenge from those who opposed you isn't something a Christian saint would have done. Except if you talk about another religion.

[@Peppers_mintus]

As a Christian, certainly, there is no evidence he did it, but the mobs was his responsibility. And he did not owe up to his own mistake, not one bit, his control over the mob was temporarily taken away from him but later on, through dubious means, he re-acquired them I think he's supposed to accept his penitence for the lacking in his leadership, an irresponsible man

[@magickmagazine7675]

We do have a letter where he calls for 'a virgin sacrifice' - as he's talking about her - he was incredibly rude and disparaging of her -no execution orders - but easy to join the dots - at the very least as the patriarch of Egypt, you can say that his words incited the riot with the object of her death.

[@tyleranderson3776]

I entirely agree that Hypatia is propped up as an example with little rigor in the popular imagination. Having said that I want point point out a few things. The followers of "Neoplatonism" more accurately, or any belief in concepts such as "the world of forms", "The One", or the "Nous", are taking part in "Magical thinking". I respect and continue to support you and your channel. Sadly I must point out some pretty blatant issues I've noticed. First of all I commend your attempts to correct the biased acceptance of the entrenched(layman) "intelligentsia" viewpoint. Following that I have to say that your own biases towards what we commonly term as "mystic" or "spiritual" beliefs are apparent at even a cursory view of your content. The bias is doubly so for Neoplatonist and Islamic topics and it is just as easy to dismiss your views on these topics as it is to dismiss the popular Hypatia narrative. The sole reason i'm commenting here is because I support you and your endeavors while at the same time finding myself taken with your charisma to the point I've never mentioned anything here. I wish you the best in everything you do.

[@Cam-bp4gg]

Off topic, but damn can we get one video of African religion and spirituality? Africa is the cradle of civilization would be interesting to see how humans spiritually evolved in early human history

[@IpsissimusPrime]

Filip, as usual a great overview of the current Western Academy, predominantly philosophical, perspective on this particular historical period. But unfortunately, besides whetting the appetite of the viewers who find this fascinating, we don’t really know what happened. The only thing I come away with from watching is that times have not really changed. Politics and Religion (especially the nasty Abrahamic kind of our world) continue to wreak havoc on our lives and culture. And it doesn’t seem like it will ever end.

[@user98344]

My thoughts exactly

[@Terriblyexplainingcomics]

I like how Filip makes an incredibly nuanced video about how complicated this situation was for all sides and the only thing you can come up with is “religion bad”

[@user98344]

@@Terriblyexplainingcomics "All sides" were religions right?

[@Terriblyexplainingcomics]

@@user98344 not just religions but ethnic groups and politics. To act like religon was the sole thing discounts everything else that happened. The whole “religon bad” critique is such a Reddit tier take.

[@IpsissimusPrime]

@@Terriblyexplainingcomics Filip is a great teacher. And like Esoterica, Seekers of Unity, and Puca’s channel, he helps to educate people but not necessarily on history but rather philosophical and religious history. EDUCATE NOT INDOCTRINATE. The channel is called LTR. So. Please. Give me a break. It’s all about religion. And if you’re paying attention to life and history, religion, especially of the Abrahamic monotheistic branches is a poison that’s mixed into politics. Read some history.

[@charlesodonnell2993]

Apparently Alexandria was a wild place for a long time. Very cosmopolitan.

[@barrymoore4470]

Very cosmopolitan, and very volatile. There are accounts of the Alexandrian mob storming the royal palace as early as the third century before Christ, under the Ptolemies.

[@freethinker79]

"After Christians had spent years destroying books and libraries, St. John Chrysostom, the pre-eminent Greek Father of the Church, proudly declared, "Every trace of the old philosophy and literature of the ancient world has vanished from the face of the earth" - Helen Ellerbe, "The Dark Side of Christian History"

[@StephenSeabird]

But the full story is not so simple, as the monasteries started translating classical philosophy, or receiving it via the Arab world. Neo-Platonism informed the School of Chartres. So dogmatism comes and goes in all parts of the world.

[@pedroalexandredillemburg3751]

​@@StephenSeabirdthey started reviving the same thing the sought (and where largely successful) to destroy. It's no wonder why nowadays only 1% of ancient western texts are still around, because for sure, a good chunk of them were burned down for being considered "pagan". The ones that were preserved by the same people that tried to burned them all, must have a good chunk of their survival attributed by luck, since they weren't found when the pires were lit.

[@LudwigVaanArthans]

​@@StephenSeabirdmost books that survived the burnings were never preserved because of the religious biases of the monks, so what we have is a skewed remnant

[@Terriblyexplainingcomics]

@@pedroalexandredillemburg3751more because a lot of texts were just not preserved well. This whole idea that Christians destroyed all literary works from pagans is mostly ahistorical

[@pedroalexandredillemburg3751]

@@Terriblyexplainingcomics they obviously didn't destroyed all, but they tried, and were somewhat successful in that endeavor. This idea of a peaceful transition in western europe from the ancient times to the middle ages is one that has little to know basis in archeology or history for that matter.

[@MorpheusMoon]

yay! thank you for the knowledge for my brain box

[@stephencuffel4932]

It makes sense that a mathematician such as Hypatia would lean toward the Plotinian side of Platonism. This highly abstract view of the universe is just too cold or colorless to satisfy most personalities.

[@alvarobarcala]

The fact that you massively misunderstand the Plotinian side doesn't mean it is cold or colorless, quite the contrary. Instead, prejudges are the actual colorless thing ;)

[@arturhashmi6281]

I think that Hypatia on Leonardo's painting was modeled by Pico Mirandola

[@freethinker79]

"The Church burned enormous amounts of literature. In 391 Christians burned down one of the world's greatest libraries in Alexandria, said to have housed 700,000 rolls. All the books of the Gnostic Basilides, Porphyry's 36 volumes, papyrus rolls of 27 schools of the Mysteries, and 270,000 ancient documents gathered by Ptolemy Philadelphus were burned. Ancient academies of learning were closed. Education for anyone outside of the Church came to an end" --Helen Ellerbe, "The Dark Side of Christian History"

[@Peppers_mintus]

Alexandria burning was false, the sources themselves do not agree on when and who got it shut down or destroyed, get a better source

[@onemoreminute0543]

If the library was burned down by Christians, then why was it still there in the 7th century when the invading Arab army also allegedly burnt down the library? The reason for the decline and eventual disappearance of the library of Alexandria is a much more nuanced topic than just saying Caesar/Christians/Arabs destroyed it.

[@andrjsh]

One idea that no one entertains is whether Hypatia deserved a violent death. (Before anyone starts clutching their pearls, recall that many people would begrudgingly admit that the French aristocrats in 1792, say, "had it coming".) Elevated as a rationalist and feminist martyr, she has received a glossy shield of apologistic protection. She is a bipedal sacred cow. In the same way, everyone ignores Galileo's falseness and backstabbing and receives the interpretation of the inquiry into his science from biased sources. As well, the violence of the Alexandrian monks was not necessarily approved hy the best elements in the local church. (See The Sayings of the Desert Fathers, editor Benedicta Ward.)

[@alicev5496]

She'd have to have done some very extreme stuff to deserve that, so likely not

[@reverendofprimordialvents3985]

I fell in love with the history of Hypatia and especially Alexandria of this time period when I was researching women astronomers for women's history day. I had to split the presentation into life,death,and post death. There's so much complexity to talk about despite that we have such little surviving physical artifacts. But it is because of how most accounts of her life say so much about also the time and opinions of that account that while make them a murky basis for her life are fascinating in what they say about the time they were written.

[@anupkumar6714]

Rare instance disappointmented to see you have a thesis against which evidence is in what you yourself have presented despite assertions to the contrary.

[@andrewbrown538]

Let's Talk, have you come across Dr Hillman's research into drug use during antiquity, see him on 'Lady Babylon'

[@dromgarvan]

Thank you!

[@mm-zv1lb]

It’s interesting to hear about different religions. Why don’t you join “Alliance For Responsible citizenship” they are looking to find a unifying story. Someone like you who has knowledge of different religions and wisdom can help making the story.

[@justroll]

Who are the Jesuit? And what exercitia they practice? Would love a video on this!

[@WildMen4444]

I pray that Hypatia is in the Isles of the Blessed dining with the heroes

[@kuroazrem5376]

The movie does portray the rampage of the pagans. I think you watched another movie.

[@___Alexander___]

Guenon tells you Christianity > Classical antiquity. Evola tells you Christianity < classical antiquity

[@CLP99th]

Guenon became a Muslim. Evola is right, imo.

[@___Alexander___]

@@CLP99th Yeah, I'm not sure. I like Ibn Arabi and have a strong pull towards Islam but I also like Evola and his rejection of creationist theistic religions in favour of more metaphysical traditions like Platonism, Buddhism, Vedenta etc. These Traditions being clean from foreign influences. Indo European.

[@___Alexander___]

@@CLP99th I just wonder about the validity of orientating yourself towards those more metaphysical traditions, Platonism, Buddhism, Vedenta etc. Have the Abrahmic Traditions abrograted them by divine decree? This is from Maude Murray (Frithjof Schuons 3rd wife) Here is an anonymous comment I received some time ago, after one or more other anonymous commentators seemed to use Lipton's book, Rethinking Ibn Arabi, to prove that Ibn Arabi was not a perennialist: "This is not such a difficult problem. Some of these commentators do not understand that all religions/traditions are nothing but the Perennial Religion of Muhammad saws and Allah. Some people are bound to the historical form of the Muhammadan Community (al-Umma al-Muhammadiyya), whereas the legislative function of the Prophet is primordial (kuntu nabiyyan wa Adam bayna al-ma wa-l-tīn {I was a Nabi when Adam was still between water and clay) or according to another version, bayna al-rūh wa-l-jasad (between Spirit and body) and precedes Adam too, not to mention the other Prophets after him, who are nothing but substitutes (nuwwab) of Muhammad sAws, as clearly explained by Ibn Arabi in Chaper 10 of the Futuhat. So what? Should not the different forms of the Muhammadan Law during human history have any validity if all issued from Allah through the Spirit of Sayyidina Muhammad sAws? If they are abrogated (mansūkha) they are abrogated because the relative authority of the Prophet who brought them at the time of his risāla lost its authority after the coming of Muhammad sAws. Nonetheless, their salvific reality is made alive due to the authority of the one who contains them from the very beginning and to whom all return, like rivers in the sea, at the end of the prophetic cycle. Think of the process of the sea and clouds, rain and rivers: the water is always the same, starting from the sea and returning to the sea, which is none other than the Haqîqa al-Muhammadiyya. That is what Ibn Arabi meant in the passage [already quoted on this page] from Futuhat (III 153.12) when he says: "All the revealed religions [shara] are lights. Among these religions, the revealed religion of Muhammad is like the light of the sun among the lights of the stars. When the sun appears, the lights of the stars are hidden, and their lights are included in the light of the sun. Their being hidden is like the abrogation of the other revealed religions that takes place through Muhammad's revealed religion. Nevertheless, they do in fact exist, just as the existence of the light of the stars is actualized. This explains why we have been required in our all-inclusive religion to have faith in the truth of all the messengers and all the revealed religions. They are not rendered null [batil] by abrogation. THAT IS THE OPINION OF THE IGNORANT. "[ A translation of Ibn Arabi, from: William C. Chittick, Imaginal Worlds, p. 125]. Qur'an verse 3:85 is often used to refute the unity of revealed religions, and/or to refute Ibn Arabi; HOWEVER Ibn Arabi rAa wrote a supernatural amount, and the Quran has a "supernatural number of interpretations!" (Note, from my memory): Once the Shaykh al-Alawi rAa was speaking when someone present stood up, objecting: "What you have said is not in the Qur'an!" The Shaykh replied, "It is not what is in what you have understood of the Qur'an!" (Forgive my memory: it's not divine)!

[@___Alexander___]

@@CLP99th Ibn Arabi wrote that salvation is hoped for the people of the trinity. -------- This is REALLY a difficult passage; but is there any doubt that Ibn Arabi rAa SAW the Christians of the Trinity as being saved? He wrote not a single word without Divine Inspiration; because he was of the Afrad, the greatest saints who have a revelation in their hearts and who are taught by Khidr, the revelation given to saints as opposed to the revelation for all which is called Wahy in Arabic. Futuhat al-Makkiyyah: "As for ahl al-tathlith [people of the Trinity], then salvation is hoped for them. This is due to what the trinity contains of fardiyya [singularity/oddity of number]. Since oddity is one of the traits of the One, they are muwahhidūn tawhid tarkib [those who affirm oneness compositely]. Therefore, it is hoped that they will be enveloped by al-rahma al-murakkaba [composite mercy]. Indeed, this is why they are called kuffär because they hid the second within the third whence the second became between the one and third like al-barzakh [isthmus]. So, perhaps the people of the Trinity will be with those who affirm tawhid in hadrat al-fardāniyya [the presence of singularity/oddity of number], but not hadrat al- wahdāniyya [the presence of oneness]. This is how we witnessed them in al-kashf al-ma'nawī [intelligible unveiling]. We could not distinguish between those who affirm oneness and the people of the Trinity save in the presence of singularity, for I did not see even their shadow in oneness. Instead, I perceived their entities in singularity and those who affirm oneness in the presences of wahdāniyya [oneness] and fardāniyya [singularity]." Futuhat, V:256.

[@___Alexander___]

I just wonder about the validity of orientating yourself towards those more metaphysical traditions in this phase of the cycle. Do the abarhamic traditions abrograte them? Reading Ibn Arabi is insightful for that. Ibn Arabi wrote that salvation is hoped for the people of the trinity, he also speaks about how Islam has not abrogated previous revelations. -------- This is REALLY a difficult passage; but is there any doubt that Ibn Arabi rAa SAW the Christians of the Trinity as being saved? He wrote not a single word without Divine Inspiration; because he was of the Afrad, the greatest saints who have a revelation in their hearts and who are taught by Khidr, the revelation given to saints as opposed to the revelation for all which is called Wahy in Arabic. Futuhat al-Makkiyyah: "As for ahl al-tathlith [people of the Trinity], then salvation is hoped for them. This is due to what the trinity contains of fardiyya [singularity/oddity of number]. Since oddity is one of the traits of the One, they are muwahhidūn tawhid tarkib [those who affirm oneness compositely]. Therefore, it is hoped that they will be enveloped by al-rahma al-murakkaba [composite mercy]. Indeed, this is why they are called kuffär because they hid the second within the third whence the second became between the one and third like al-barzakh [isthmus]. So, perhaps the people of the Trinity will be with those who affirm tawhid in hadrat al-fardāniyya [the presence of singularity/oddity of number], but not hadrat al- wahdāniyya [the presence of oneness]. This is how we witnessed them in al-kashf al-ma'nawī [intelligible unveiling]. We could not distinguish between those who affirm oneness and the people of the Trinity save in the presence of singularity, for I did not see even their shadow in oneness. Instead, I perceived their entities in singularity and those who affirm oneness in the presences of wahdāniyya [oneness] and fardāniyya [singularity]." Futuhat, V:256.

[@alexandros0828]

Hej filip, vilken religion tillhör du?

[@rafalapolanski]

Thank you, a very interesting material. Made me think about an analogy between a now saint Cyril and now sentenced ex President. They both encouraged social discord, and both were successful in getting it enacted. Now does it mean that the next american president will be made "saint" in popular minds?

[@user-go6jv]

can you do a video on how to study religion?

[@barrymoore4470]

I feel all his videos are collectively an example of how to approach the subject of religion from a sober scholarly perspective.

[@user-go6jv]

@@barrymoore4470 i meant like sources to find info and how to find them and where to start on (even on a specific topic)

[@whtalt92]

@@user-go6jv sooo.... basically, you want the 'how to study religions 101' university course?

[@AtlantisWisdom]

Where can I find the Shwap?

[@austinmackell9286]

The movie agora does not portray the violence as one sided.

[@gabrielfrund9497]

Hi Philip do orthodoxy come grom greek philosophy?

[@Tanno_Buchino]

No, it's not from greek philosophy. It comes from the Christians. I confirm the fact as a real Greek and former Christian.

[@user98344]

​@@Tanno_Buchino And as a non- Christian Greek myself I disagree with you.

[@magickmagazine7675]

Thanks

[@magickmagazine7675]

Please tell me you did not remove my other comment......... I cant see it ny more....

[@user98344]

​@@magickmagazine7675I also have experienced this problem a lot of times so it's probably a bug.

[@Revitalization4241]

Could you do a video about the two Ibadi madhabs Wahbi and Nukkari

[@PanSzawu]

How can you even remotely come to the conclusions you do when even Theodosius II sent a taskforce and even Christian sources state that Cyril would have been executed if it were not for the fact he handsomely bribed the officers? He and his clique of extremists like Ammonius who he tried to have commemorated much to the chagrin to the majority of the non extreme Christians; and was the largest beneficiary while the pretense of the video makes it seem like that the hardcore christians are unfairly forced into a false dialectic of Orthodox resorting to violence when frankly it does ring true, particularly in Alexandria. I don't like the lack of academic rigour here. You don't seem merely impartial at all.

[@Canaanitebabyeater]

Can you provide some sources? I want to read into this.

[@PanSzawu]

​@@CanaanitebabyeaterHypatia: The Life and Legend of an Ancient Philosopher By Edward J. Watts Published by Oxford University

[@PanSzawu]

​@@CanaanitebabyeaterDamascius's account of the Christian murder of Hypatia is the sole historical source attributing direct responsibility to Bishop Cyril. At the same time, Damascius was not entirely kind to Hypatia either; he characterizes her as nothing more than a wandering Cynic, and compares her unfavorably with his own teacher Isidore of Alexandria, remarking that "Isidorus greatly outshone Hypatia, not just as a man does over a woman, but in the way a genuine philosopher will over a mere geometer."

[@Canaanitebabyeater]

@@PanSzawu thanks

[@IpsissimusPrime]

Thanks for your comment. I’ve read the same sources and wholeheartedly agree with your assessment. I have come around the seeing how the various KZbin religious channels are all created by folks who never got a great academic position (for whatever potential various reasons ) and needed to have work. That’s life. But it’s unfortunate how the “fans”have become fanatic .

[@lawrenceleon4223]

Thank you 👍

[@kylehanna4885]

Hypatia may be overhyped, but nobody says she rose from the dead.

[@bouztkanehafsa2631]

محتوى رائع شكرا جزيلا

[@anewlifestirring]

Most helpful

[@user-wr4yl7tx3w]

For me it is more about identity politics. Whether that’s the extreme left or right, there is too much of it and both sides stifle science and free expression and discovery.

[@davieboy3814]

Raise a glass for our martyred Neoplatonist sister!

[@ClydePRiddlesbrood]

Waited to hear the "nuance" but no....she was just murdered by a Christian mob.

[@FrizzyHoran]

So true! I was waiting for the nuance but nope. Murdered because of extremist christians as was already told :( disappointed

[@LudwigVaanArthans]

Yup, pretty much

[@Terriblyexplainingcomics]

Didn’t watch the full video💀💀

[@user98344]

​@@Terriblyexplainingcomics20:05

[@ryguy1928]

@@user98344 The rest of the video explains that she was killed because she allied with those who opposed Cyril, not exactly because of her different philosophical or theological differences. That was the nuance that was missed in the video.

[@NeilEvans-xq8ik]

Are any of these metaphysical ideas part of modern philosophy, or are they just historical curiosities?

[@Reignor99]

Modern western philosophy is like an inverted pyramid with the ancient greeks at the bottom (tip of the upside-down pyramid) and exponentially more philosophers building on top of it over time. So ya in some ways the metaphysical stuff can be at the bedrock of modern western philosophy, even if we have different names and interpretations for it now.

[@NeilEvans-xq8ik]

​@Reignor99 I understand what you are saying; that modern philosophy has its roots in ancient times. But are metaphysical ideas about Being itself, for example, still discussed as they were in antiquity, or are they considered settled? I know that they are still alive in some theological circles (e.g.: David Bentley Hart). I'm vaguely aware of Heidegger discussing it, but my impression of modern philosophy, and of the culture of modernity that it underlies, is relatively neglectful of such considerations. Thank you for your indulgence.

[@CLP99th]

To attempt to answer your question briefly, I would say no. It seems to me that modern western philosophy tends to ignore the metaphysical questions of what I would consider the true philosophers, the ancient Greeks who coined the term. Modern philosophy seems to focus more on epistemology, logic, and ethics ( but not in the sense of how to live a good life, but more in a sociological power dynamics and social-hierarchy sense). I am of the opinion that they get bogged down by semantics, ignore the classical thinkers as outdated, uninformed, and superstitious while contributing little to nothing of value themselves. I propose that if we look back to the ancients with a more open mind we could learn quite a bit about the nature of reality, our place in it, how to think and contemplate such, and how to live a healthy and balanced life. Just my opinion.

[@catoelder4696]

Incredible

[@danielschoch9604]

Why calling a religious war "political"?

[@h3egypt]

Because there was no religious war only politics and men over reaching for power

[@user98344]

​@@h3egyptWith excuse religions

[@freethinker79]

Its all authoritarian, theocratic BS.

[@Just-a-Metalhead]

Because religion does slip into politics, especially in those days.

[@Ment2703]

Peaceful Abrahamic religions

[@AntonioBrandao]

I wonder why you refer to the “murderous rampage” of the polytheists without mentioning they were provoked beforehand by repeated public mockery of their icons by Christians.

[@johncollins211]

Are you that insane? You think being mocked in any way gives you justification for murderous rampage? Lunatic.

[@TheOneCalledSloth]

​@@johncollins211Christians murdering polytheists and attacking temples with legal section from the emperor, led to a riot. At the end of that riot the christians burned down the last great library of the classical world. Non to rival it's size and importance in the West til the printing press.

[@acupofwhitetea]

To be fair, Christians would also mock others. It's part of the Monotheistic faith doctrine to reject other faiths and it makes it easy to be very disrespectful. Like saying every other gods are actually demons. This is just as bad as saying Jesus is a bastard.

[@QWERTYUIOP-wu6ht]

@@acupofwhitetea The Spaniards also did this to us in the Philippines during Spanish colonization. Some of the male gods (which was influenced by Hinduism) were mocked and emasculated. Now, if you would look for some of our legends and stories, there are entities always named "Maria" who were originally male gods.

[@Peppers_mintus]

​@@n.a.larson9161your English is bricked

[@conrad4852]

Hardcore disagree with you about Agora not being worthy of the term accurate. It precisely avoids onesidedness that you complain about and is not exonerating of pagans and does not directly blame Cyril either.

[@moonjet9978]

Christians not turning the other cheek as always

[@user98344]

Not their cheeks that is

[@austinmackell9286]

This fashionable idea that the dark ages didn't happen is the dumbest shit since postmodernism. Oh wow so complex. Guess we can't say anything about anything except how complex it is.

[@onemoreminute0543]

They didn't. Europe underwent multiple renaissances from 500-1400. The idea of the 'Dark Age' was only first formulated in the 1300's by Petrarch to contrast with what he saw as the 'Bright Age' of the Roman Empire. The idea of these ages being 'dark/backwards' was then encouraged by Protestants during the Reformation and the intellectuals of the Enlightenment to paint themselves as 'progressives' and thus created a misinformed and inaccurate image of the period. There's a reason most modern historians avoid using the term nowadays. We always view the past through the prism of the present, and that prism has shifted multiple times over the centuries.

[@austinmackell9286]

@@onemoreminute0543 Yeah? Or do people just need to keep producing PHDs for their wonderful careers and being contrarian is part of that?

[@onemoreminute0543]

@@austinmackell9286 By this logic, the idea that the Dark Ages were actually 'dark' is contrarian in and of itself.

[@user98344]

​@@onemoreminute0543Yeah but you cannot deny that the time periods before and after it advanced far more in scientific and cultured progress.

[@onemoreminute0543]

@@user98344 I can actually deny that. The idea that technology was stagnant/regressive in the Dark Ages/Middle Ages is something that is again now rejected by many historians. This belief is predicated on the belief that the people of the time 'lost touch' with the knowledge of antiquity until the Renaissance of the 15th century, but this is misleading. Europe underwent multiple renaissances before the 1400's, the main ones being the Carolingian Renaissance under Charlemagne (with the Ottonian Renaissance of the 10th century being an extension of this) and then the 12th century Renaissance that was brought about by western Europe's increased contact with the Muslim world and the Eastern Roman Empire, where more ancient classics (which has been copied down by Christian monks) were accessed.

[@mellie4174]

So i enjoyed hearing greater context about this whole thing. But that being said, i think there are rwo more relevant questions to ask. If she had been a male celebrity, would she have been murdered by the christian mob? Also had she been a christia' celebrity who disagreed with Cyril would she have been murdererd? No one murdered any of the other male icons of the time and Cyril saught retribution on his detractors but not his fellow christian detractors. So can we say that she was targeted for being female and/polytheistic? Unless good evidence also shows male, christian leaders being ripped to shreds in public, then no i don't think we can. But if they had, then you would have said she was part of a number of killings, many of them men and Christan so it was equal opportunity killing, and political house cleaning. Idk, the whole analysis smells a bit of male oriented revisionism. Something to explore maybe, because i'd be interested to see how the facts stack up.

[@LetsTalkReligion]

To answer your two first questions - yes, probably. Especially since Orestes himself and others survived similar attempted murders.

[@asaiira]

''Hypatia was born to one Theon who gave birth to her out of his a$$h0le in a unconventional manner due to her not having a mother''

[@asaiira]

madprops

[@IpsissimusPrime]

After re-watching yet again, after more than a few comments I think you could have gotten more granular on details. And it’s unfortunate that the Academy emphasizes a difference between Theurgy & Contemplation. As a mystic, it’s not that black and white. That’s academic propaganda. So. After subscribing for a long time, to you and others wondering if you have much to add, I’ve determined that you don’t. This is purely for newbies. Too much noise and opinion. Great for clicks and cash given the dearth of real academic discussion, especially given the lack of jobs for PhDs. Not for the reality of mysticism and True Knowledge. That will always remain a mystery. And should . Time to go back to my own studies and practice. I thoroughly understand why mystics must remain silent.

[@nashwise4everGM]

If there is a martyr of philosophy and science it's Hypatia.

[@kaykay865]

What did she come up with?

[@Uriel333]

"everyone was equally responsible for the violence in Alexandria" good one XD