Ibn Tufayl's "Hayy Ibn Yaqzan" - A historical review

[@DrNickMawani]

According to Islam, God the Almighty Creator provides sustenance to what He created. Therefore, Ibn Tufayl's tale of the lone child understanding his situation through rational thinking is consistent. In the child's case, Islam was operationalized by the direct manifestation of the 'Hand of God' in the Child's mind that guided his intellect to understand God's creation and nature of the creation as experienced by the child alone without the need for the external forms of Islam.

[@BosmanHa]

I need to read this. Thanks for sharing. I don't know if I would have ever found this book and similar works if hadn't been for this channel. We as Westerners tend to overlook Islamic works and that is a real shame because of how rich in knowledge they are

[@سبحاناللهوبحمده-ق9خ9ز]

انصحك بكتب الغزالي

[@sirhcduhomage]

Hi

[@azlanameer4912]

The most beautiful and in depth review on a forgotten book. Stay blessed dear.

[@hebaunica]

Wonderful review.. I watched many of your videos in just two days and i cannot stop! The story is wonderful and timeless of course and can be interpreted in many ways.

[@dzalbs_]

Same, just discovered this channel. I am in love❤️

[@anassoubahha6614]

Thank you mister Filip for this video ! I'm from Morocco and I've just watched this video while I'm going by chance to Marrakesh to spend the holiday for Aid alfitr with my mom. In fact, this novel of Ibn Tofail speaks to me on many levels by its metaphors; namely my scientific rational approach of the world and phenomenons, the hard experience of losing one of my parents and its inevitable impact on my life and identity and also my hanger for spuality which I agree doesn't' have to be experienced necessarily by strict rules and practices. It's really fascinating how the topics and ideas shared in this novel are still relevelant to us in the 21st century as you said. I also want to thank you for the highly intellectual content you are sharing in general, it's very instructive for me; it's enlarging my perspectives, introducing me to wise figures and their wisdom from different cultural backgrouds and periods and brings me knowledge from all human sciences. All of this is helping me to reconcile with my identity reconnect with spirituality and learn a lot about the roots of many asprects of the culture that I'm living in, I'm greatful to you and hope you the best ! If you allow me to propose a subject, I woud ask you to discuss the the situation of religion and society in the islamic world from the 14th or 15h centuray to the early 20th centuary, I have a lot of question marks about this period.

[@Nature_Joie_Vie]

It is nice that the comment is of the same quality as the video content😊

[@FabletOfficial]

InshAllah (SWA) you are and/or your family is okay. 🤲🏼

[@rqnq2587]

Highly appreciated your review of this valuable book. Your reflections are refreshing. Hay’s View of society told me that social constructs complicate human path towards ‘meaning’ and ‘truth’. Also, I learnt that a pure soul’s material needs are few; society encourages indulgence. To live in harmony and abundance, humanity needs to turn ‘inward’ for satisfaction and peace while existing in our bodily forms. Thank you 😊

[@YaBoiHakim]

Beautiful work! Subscribed. I can't wait to make my way through the rest of your videos.

[@nskeow]

Very cool seeing you here! I vaguely remember you saying that you would consider one day making a video about Islamic Socialism - hope your still thinking about doing that :)

[@boon1204]

Yooo hakim what’s up!

[@africanpeoplesconference1132]

Nice to see you here Hakim

[@zishansyed8905]

​@@nskeow agreed

[@leaveslateef11]

Definitely interesting. The question you posited strikes me as being difficult to answer and perhaps doesn’t require definition. But in the spirit of taking a stab, I would say that it is possible to reach a level of enlightenment through innate processes, but if that reality does unfold, it can be no other than the “necessary being” who guides and evolves that illumination, which in any event seems to be acknowledged in the text. The Quran makes it very clear that Allah bestows wisdom on whomsoever he pleases, which leaves us in a position of speechlessness and unable to accurately judge, due to the indeterminable way in which that gift is granted. A being can only know what it is allowed to know as there is no knowledge except that it exists by virtue of the necessary being. In the Quran, the angles reply to God saying we know only that which you have taught us. It is suggested that the divine attributes, you could say the openings by which the angels can praise God, although they may be fully actualized, are limited in breadth with regards to all the qualities, which the Quran explains were taught to Adam. Therefore, Adam possesses the full spectrum of qualities which can be used to praise God. In other words, the human being is endowed with everything necessary to recognize God and know the truth. Revelation itself is a paramount expression of divine knowledge, which activates the faculties within us that are capable of knowing. The Quran also alludes frequently to nature, suggesting that it reflects the “signs” of God, and is therefore a kind of revelation and theophany. Interestingly the Quran constantly states that such things are a sign for those who know/recognize/think. The verses of the Quran are also called “signs” (ayat). It seems to me that the balanced approach would be to embrace revelation in all forms as the Signs of God, “which one of the favors of your lord would you deny?” Great videos brother, really enjoying the content!

[@LetsTalkReligion]

Very well put!

[@jenniraisovna5698]

Couldn't have said it any better myself. Subscribed to each and every of your points. I wrote my thesis on the same idea of God's manifestation in nature based on the same concepts of the Qur'anic allusion. I also believe that every human does have that capacity to learn and eventually know the Source, but we tend to numb that awareness with external fog that is not even necessary for our survival but to fulfill our desires. If one orients the self toward the necessary being and shifts the focus of desires toward spiritual and wholesome fulfillment, such person is inclined to learn not only the world around him but also the internal expansive universe that is tuned in connection with God. Thank you for sharing your insights, Hayy Ibn Yaqzan is one of my favorite novels and I'm glad it is making us reflect on these important topics. Peace be with you all

[@leaveslateef11]

@@jenniraisovna5698 well said sister 🙏🏽

[@SiriuslyCold]

>> _The Quran makes it very clear that Allah bestows wisdom on whomsoever he pleases_ Safi Kaskas and some other modern translators have revised the translation of من يشاء (in 2:213, 10:25, 24:46, 35:8, 74:31 etc) to mean *whoever wants* to be guided. Think about it: If guidance was solely God's choice, accountability will not make any sense. Those God did not choose to guide will say on the Day of Judgement, Lord, you did not choose to guide me, and it would be unfair to punish me. We are endowed with free will in order to be accountable, so the original translation/interpretation is illogical. You can download Safi's translation from his website kaskas.com/quran/

[@nourluciejoao8290]

I've just read it, i can't thank you enough for the recommendation 🙏🙏🙏

[@TechLevelUpOfficial]

The story of Hayy Ibn Yaqzan takes me back to the primary school days here in Algeria, it was divided into several parts but it was one hell of a story that allowed us as kids to dive into that setting and come out with a great conclusion at the end. Thank you for covering it.

[@miriamwilson9542]

I love your channel Filip. I especially liked this one, and the story of Hy. I think ot is profound. He was very much ahead of his time.

[@carolinemoss807]

Love your analysis of this novel. Your video has helped me to understand the meaning behind Tufayl's work since we haven't read or conducted any analysis of the novel or author at all in class.

[@seyma-xx]

I have watched each minute with full attention and I want to say that your rhetoric is impressively good. The book is very interesting and I will definitely read it! Thank your very much for this video

[@naserrahman1877]

2:00 I have not read it in the original arabic..Very humble honest researcher.

[@maj373]

Dude, you wanna how much I like you work? I just clicked liked before even watching the video. I am watching right now.

[@qarai1]

I followed nearly all of your videos and learned quite a lot. I am looking forward to more of your videos.

[@jirehpaulo]

We have only advanced in technology but not in our understanding of the world and the life we find ourselves in.

[@maximebeaudoin4013]

Not true. We know more than everbefore about "the world and the life we find ourselves in". However the paradox is knowing more comes with the burden of knowing that you know even less. If that even makes sens to you. English isn't my first language. Anyways thats the way I see it at least.

[@apachekafka773]

​@maximebeaudoin4013 Bro we know little... very little. To claim that we know is ignorance in itself.

[@PeaceChanel]

Thank You Everybody for All that you are doing for our Planet Earth.... Peace.. Shalom.. Salam.. Namaste 🙏🏻 😊 ✌ ☮ ❤

[@saadmarsil6929]

Love all your videos, came back ho the first one. Still high quality of centent and style

[@yaseenmiah64]

Top video. Exposed me to a amazing thinker and outstanding novel. Best KZbin channel.

[@Mrkhanaimal]

I loved the music in the background.

[@Eternaverse]

Fantastic introduction, definitely makes me want to explore this work.

[@ssurpher11]

Wah wah. (Urdu: Bravo bravo)

[@jenniraisovna5698]

It is a fascinating tale, hope you got a chance to read it. If yes, please share your insights. :)

[@dzalbs_]

Very nice video. Thought striking for me personally. I think that one can reach enlightenment, even on an island as stated in the video. I believe everything is connected- nature to humans to animals and through this connection people can attain knowledge that is necessary for such enlightenment. Nature tells us all we need to know...

[@DrNickMawani]

Thank you for raising the contribution of knowledge by these esteemed scholars to the foundations of Western thought.

[@Jazzgriot]

Brilliant. Your a unique scholar, much needed. JZK.

[@kausamsalam8543]

Thank you for this engaging video. Much appreciated. 🌻

[@Huzefakhozemasaifee]

Great respect to your research, buddy!

[@namles1644]

Terrific! Thank you so much for this video!

[@kyzersmansion2487]

Good summary! If I were to add I think ibn tufayl was contributing to the whole debate over what role does reason play in interpreting religion and maybe man can reach the truth without the need of revelation , the whole debate over reason vs revelation or vice versa , also I think ibn al nafis wrote a book countering this story and about the whole baby in the river and people made from dust is probably a direct influence from prophet Moses (pbuh) and prophet Adam(pbuh) And in recent times tabula rasa (blank state) has been put into question with linguists such as noam chomsky arguing that we have an innate understanding to grasp language which certainly makes me curious about the verse about "am I not your Lord and we reply yes" The whole debate around ruh (spirit) and nafs(soul/self/lower self) is certainly complex and interesting with so many traditions similar to it, I hope the mind body problem can give some closure to it And we can hopefully find some closure of the question "what does it mean to be human" Or as someone I highly respect said "what is human life but a struggle between dignified apes or fallen angels"

[@LetsTalkReligion]

Thank you for this very insightful comment! I agree with most of what you said, very good points.

[@jenniraisovna5698]

Do you think it is possible to find such closure? And could you please share which work of Ibn al Nafis counterargues with Ibn Tufayl's position? Thanks in advance.

[@kyzersmansion2487]

@@jenniraisovna5698 The work of ibn al nafis is called Theologus Autodidactus.

[@jenniraisovna5698]

@@kyzersmansion2487 oh yeah forgot to write back, i found it yesterday and having it on my reading list next as it is necessary for my work with Hayy. Thank you

[@faysal8597]

Great video, I’m purchasing the book

[@Uzair_Of_Babylon465]

Fantastic video keep it up your doing amazing job..

[@batosato]

Great video! It makes me think wheather Rudyard Kipling was inspired by the story of Hayy Ibn Yaqzan to write The Jungle Book?

[@hassanraza-tu8nw]

Really good video, keep up the good work 👍

[@21isTuAN]

Hayy's ascension to unmatched spirituality, and then his return to society only to feel despaired is reminiscent of prophet-hood's initial phases, I like how it parallels. Also the way Ibn Tufayl reveals scientific concepts and syllogisms for judgments Hayy experienced which is very Greek is really comprehensible I mean as a general public I actually understood what Hayy understood from his observations. 10/10 philosophy novel

[@boon1204]

I like lama bada yatathana playing in the background

[@toleen553]

Ur pronunciation got so improved throughout the years🤎

[@shahzaib-afzal]

I Love your work buddy!

[@jackradford6135]

Does Hayy ever converse with Salaman? I think one of the most interesting aspects of the themes you have described is the juxtaposition between the solitary contemplation of God and Religion’s communal role that Salaman most enjoys. Does Hayy understand that communal aspect, or is it superfluous to him?

[@hamoodalenezi2774]

His method of thinking and his general concepts are very similar to René Descartes (Descartes' method), and Jean-Jacques Rousseau who believes that education and discipline is harming the nature-based learning in the early years of life. Concerning the pure form of religion and being devoid from symbols and metaphors is very connected to a famous notion of Islam, in that ""Every child is born on the fitra ( innateness) and it is his parents who make him a Jew or a Christian. Just as a camel is born whole - do you perceive any defect?" They said, "Messenger of Allah, what happens to people who die when they are (very) young?" He said, "Allah knows best what they used to do." USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 16, Hadith 53

[@zorororonoa6577]

Lol it’s the other way around all these people actually took inspiration from these Islamic philosophers

[@ibrahimkhatib6191]

Hey!! That’s Lama bada yatathana playing in the background!!

[@LAILA-2816]

Ibn e Tufail is trying to say if we were all left alone we would naturally come to similar or same conclusions.

[@LAILA-2816]

@The Star depending on brain power off course..u may reach nonsense😂

[@LAILA-2816]

@The Star yh ok

[@Analyticalinadream]

Is the destination the same for all of us? I am not speaking of Heaven or Hell, nor saved and damned, but are all humans the same? Or did we come from different experiences and are we going on to different experiences? I had never heard of this book. Thank you.

[@mohammodc]

Do you think Jean-Jacques Rousseau read Hayy Ibn Yaqzan? I find a lot of similarities with Rousseau's work, Emile.

[@jenniraisovna5698]

Could you please elaborate more on those similarities? Thanks in advance.

[@Taporeee]

For sure; It's almost improbable that they weren't influenced given the renaissance and proximity to trade and knowledge routes

[@mohabyounis3348]

Aristotle already conceived of people as a blank slate that is written in a way determined by its surroundings. This story seems rich in influence from Plato and Aristotle, the description of imitating the stars until you reach the necessary being can be found beautifully depicted in Plato's "Phaedrus". I think that the Greeks have been unfairly considered as not essential to Islam, in opposition to how essential they are considered to be for Europe and Christianity. I believe that you would greatly enjoy and benefit from studying them as an essential influence on all intellectual life in the surrounding area.

[@jenniraisovna5698]

Actually the author of the channel does study them and he does acknowledge that Plato has especially influenced many soul related subjects as well as Aristotle when it come to Active Intellect. I mean there were plenty of peripatetics among Islamic scholars and Filip is certainly aware of them because he studied closely Ibn Sina and he is an avid follower of Aristotle as he wrote so in his own autobiography. The point here is not to trivialize Aristotle or Plato's work, rather to show how Islamic philosophers advanced the positions that given philosophers made at first. Also if it wasn't for the translation movement by Arabs, the Europe wouldn't have had access to Greek philosophy as much, and this fact is utterly neglected in Western scholarship, or as you said Europe and Christianity. Therefore, this whole video is not about Greek philosophy, rather how Islamic philosophers influenced each other throughout lands in medieval times.

[@mohabyounis3348]

@@jenniraisovna5698 I didn't mean to accuse him of anything... I'm a big fan. I just noticed that he didn't note that tabula rasa is there from Aristotle which made me think he hasn't paid enough attention to Aristotle, something I personally think he would thoroughly enjoy! Of course he is aware of greek influence but I think studying Aristotle's influence on Ibn Sina and studying Aristotle in and of himself are different things.

[@abooswalehmosafeer173]

Got this book,not able to really get my teeth into it yet.Whenever I began,somehow I got stuck and hindered.But I shall try again.Because from the reviews it seems this book is of great importance.Actually I must search for it from the many books that I have.An Ass burdened heavily withof books.

[@ark-543associates4]

In my islam (lwr case intentional) research one Sufi theory is the Qur'an has always existed and is available inside every single persons heart. An explanation to further understand this idea is some academic educated indigenous shamans (who like to say they "listen to the plants") believe the reason animals do not have language is because they don't need it because all beings, including atoms are born with telepathy and language is NOT an improvement but an illusion that tends to create these illusions that there is such a thing as TRUTH which if one reflects as the Qur'an constantly advises one can at least imagine / speculate such a possibility. Many of these same indigenous also predict that the real god these "civilized" follows is this illusion of Truth, and it is THIS god which will eventually kill all their peoples (Genesis warning about those results from eating from that "fruit-tree" of The Knowledge of Good and Evil??) These Sufi's speculated that is why the Qur'an advises and warns against saying about G-d/God/Allah what one knows not and the verse you quoted about the usefulness of scholars being like donkey's with a load full of books and instead to study ants and elephants and to roam about the earth to see how we did make creation etc. Instead of competing in all these theories, technically no one can really prove why not compete in piety or good deeds instead. My favorite definition of islam from a Sufi is islam is NOT about the nouns in your head but what verbs are in your heart; as one can easily correct false nouns in just a few seconds on the Last Day (like a Democrat can switch to Republican equally fast); but the moral-habits in one's heart (i.e. selfishness) can be incredibly difficult and take much time to change. Thus real islam is NOT about what religion or truth or interpretation of islam you "believe" in - - but the WHY's and HOW's in your PRACTICE of whatever are those (external) religious nouns/truths you "follow." If one submits and struggles their BEST to exude a reputation as seen - by others - examples of bismillah, (the Creator is the Most Gracious and Most Merciful) - THEN - on the Last Day any "noun" / "truth" errors are meaningless if your heart has struggled your best to stay upon and not stray - on the best path - of those who are blessed and not of those who deserve wrath NOR THOSE WHO HAVE STRAYED. May peace and blessings be upon yourself and all of your loved ones.

[@laraachaji7584]

Wonderful video thank you very much

[@abooswalehmosafeer173]

Robinson Crusoe,apparently,originated from this book.

[@cleoldbagtraallsorts3380]

I believe that "Robinson Crusoe" was inspired by the shipwreck ordeal of Alexander Selkirk.

[@ali-m3338]

What do you believe is the main point of Ibn Tufayl in telling this story? As in, What is Ibn Tufayl’s main point in telling this story? Are there multiple points?

[@jenniraisovna5698]

watch the video again :)

[@azlanameer4912]

According to critiques HAI IBN E YAKZAN is the first Novel of the Western World. Secondly in its gener its the first UTOPIA.

[@someguy1914]

what an interesting concept, however id imagine most human beings in that scenario would end up as just like animals. but i really like this idea.

[@Mooncake69420]

To answer your question in the final part: not anymore coz wildfires be burning em to a crisp

[@pffttttttt]

Im here after the latest video Ibnu Sina.

[@hashemitekingdomofjordan6115]

Thanks, you help a lot with my exams))

[@salahudheenayyoobi3674]

Wah, I read its Arabic original. And Malayalam Translation 😘😘😘 wonderful experience

[@IslamBenfifi]

I'm jealous

[@clearthings9282]

Malayaali😂😂😂😂

[@shahsadsaadu5817]

Tell me the name of Malayalam translation

[@ELDHOSETOMY]

Happy to see a malayali here chetta☺️😃

[@azlanameer4912]

In the novel when Hai decides not to harm any living thing there we can trace the gemick of Budhism.

[@azlanameer4912]

@The Star I meant Echo. I might write wrong spelling. plz

[@bilderelna]

Thank you Filip. Is it possible NOT to admire your videos? Here you make some interesting questions. Did "the child" really attained the supreme truth alone without any help from another human being? Fiction is a good way to impart knowledge but even good fiction is still fiction. In the Upanishads you can read: "Search for the Master of YOUR time", In the I Ching " The supreme revelation of God appears in prophets and holy men" and in the Bible: "No one can come to the Father except through me". Who would Rumi had been without Shams? Isn´t Egot too strong to fight it alone?

[@andydee1304]

The only real difference between humans and other animals is art. Other animals don't produce art.

[@zohatahira3992]

Where can i find the background music??

[@qarai1]

Hi Would you know anything with regard to a historical personality such as Alaama Majlesi or Shaikh Mofeed or Kaafee ?

[@Mooncake69420]

I think I've entered a transcendent realm of youtube where your channel was hidden away. Was this fate?

[@Turkistonkanal]

I watched this book's cartoon

[@sabiak4506]

What's this brother's name.

[@poucspat8490]

What is your music project?

[@saadmarsil6929]

Really great!

[@سلمانالحركان]

Very good video

[@LetsTalkReligion]

Thanks!

[@belteshazzarbenyakovleib1071]

The doe is symbolic of messiah or Mahdi among the Sufi , the deer was often viewed the same way in medieval Christianity as a symbol of Christ

[@080808596]

Thank you for creating this interesting video. I hope you find the light of Allah one day😊😊😊😊❤

[@malaalhajisainna2144]

Thanks for wonderful videos. It would be nice to do ibn Taymiyyah and ibn qaym too

[@jenniraisovna5698]

Ibn Taymiya is studied and discussed a lot among orthodox and conservative communities, but agreed on Ibn Qayiim as he is not as much popular as Ibn Taymiya.

[@parasf2984]

very nice one

[@MarcoSilesio]

great video

[@ImAbdullah123]

The actual origin of Tarzan.

[@afhamahammed9662]

I don't think its fair to contrast ibn Thufail's position with islamic orthodoxy. Such a reading i think is eurocentric and to portray the history of Christianity to rest of the world. Ibn Thufail's position of self attainment of truth is a well established Islamic doctrine that is linked to the concept called 'fitrah'- rooted in the Qur'an and the traditions of the prophet himself. Moreover a reputed ashari scholar famously said ' one who doesn't find god through reason isn't a Muslim" -tho i don't agree with this position. I can see why you read into his-and ibn sina's-positions the concept of tabular Rasa but a more appropriate and historically accurate reading i think would be the fitrah itself. Also the remarks ibn Thufail's work wasn't influential in Andalusia but only in the "west" and he was a given a state funeral in the same video seems to be a bit contradictory.

[@afhamahammed9662]

Just being critical for the sake of knowledge. Really appreciate what you're trying to do with the channel ♥️

[@LetsTalkReligion]

You know, I agree with most of what you say here, and I haven't seen this video in a long time (it is a 3 year old video after all) . It makes me wonder what stuff I say in it that I might see as problematic today today. I'll have to watch it later and see :)

[@afhamahammed9662]

@@LetsTalkReligion great to hear that. Would love a video on the controversial ibn tayimmiya .

[@aadil7302]

@@afhamahammed9662 his refutations of all which he had done will take 10 vedios ,lol Refutations of Asharis,,maturidis,mu'tazillites,shia ,sufi ,Christians ,athiests , I firmly believe he was very dynamic figure !Rahimahumullah

[@christinajurzis5718]

🙏🙏👍👍

[@hosamelsayed5723]

Dude where you live? You seem to know more than 99.9% of Muslims about islam and its history!

[@mrfatah4510]

Never heard about him but it's really excellent and definitely overlooked. Great video and review. I just migrate to this channel and resubscribe here. Keep going :) Edit: Do you have a plan to discuss Al Ghazzali?

[@LetsTalkReligion]

I'm glad you liked it! Thank you so much. al-Ghazali is definitely on my list of possible videos in the future!

[@mrfatah4510]

Thanks for your reply! Not sure if KZbin is a nice place to discuss things like this but here it is my comments below to add the discussions: 1. Individualism thinking (modern thinking concept/thinking for oneself, as you mention - well this work basically shows this way of thinking had been disseminated in the past). When I mentioned about the overlooked thing, I also meant to the influence individualism thinking within my religion group, especially from where I come from. So, it is not only about how this book/work of Ibn Tufayl is overlooked. The message of this book is striking as most of us just blindly following of what others do/tradition or in other words, we don't put emphasize/appreciate on putting high efforts in terms of doing investigations. Not sure if this is mention in the book but I am personally curious if the book tries to relate the message with the concept of "hidayah" (guidance). Thanks for explaining this work, I also add this book into my future reading list. 2. Furthermore, it is interesting that you mention about the scene when the mother dies. To me, it seems as if the book tries to explain the concept of "ruh" (spirit/soul). It's like during the Ramadhan period (doing fasting with all the restrictions), we are tested whether if the ruh owns the body or the body owns the ruh. There are other things that I want to say/ask. But it'd be long most likely/or the answer would be speculations. What I write also seems likely to be biased for sure, but I try to say things that I can relate/know.

[@LetsTalkReligion]

These are very good observations! It is most definitely the "Ruh" that is discussed in the book, I only translated it in this video to "soul". I would say it is one of the main themes that is brought up by Ibn Tufayl. It is that "spark of life" that is breathed into man by God that also allows for rational thinking and the intellect in much of Islamic philosophy, so the idea of the "ruh", if interpreted in this way, also directly relates to the discussion about personal (intellectual) investigation which he also is so fond of here.

[@mahmoudgouda7972]

Hay in yakzan : Meaning Robinson crusoe: Materialism

[@rikurodriguesneto6043]

Great! :D

[@boon1204]

cool

[@eduardonavarro5924]

Whos here because of coach zahabi ?

[@kennienielsen5704]

Hook and sinker

[@zccau2316]

The problem with many of the Islamic philosophers was that they thought they were better than the average person in society.

[@africanpeoplesconference1132]

That's how many societies are "sub-consciously". You can see elitism in the way they view, the "out group" compared to the "in group" in their respective societies.

[@berdigylychrejepbayev7503]

well they were right then

[@kausamsalam8543]

The problem with the arrogant men is that they are unwilling to give credit wherever credit is due, inclined to give what they consider their own ancestors. Ancestor worship will eventually lead to ignorance and mass violence for such people cannot learn from varieties of minds that have existed on earth, influenced by Higher Power -besides their ancestors.

[@albadi247]

حي بن يقضان

[@ElleBelle2303]

👏👏👏🌱💦🌲🌏🌄

[@TUNDVELOG]

lol my naes is yaqzan

[@MeharKingxGaming]

old 😂🎉

[@Taporeee]

based