Introduction to Cancer Biology (Part 2): Loss of Apoptosis

Apoptosis or "programmed cell death" is a mechanism by which organisms limit the growth and replication of cells. Loss of apoptosis is one of the key mechanisms behind cancer.
This animation is the second part of the series "An Introduction to Cancer Biology", and reveals the faulty apoptotic pathways that tumor cells often have.
REFERENCES:
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2. Herbst RS. Review of epidermal growth factor receptor biology. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004;59(2 Suppl):21-6.
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4. Potapova O, Fakhrai H, Mercola D. Growth factor PDGF-B/v-sis confers a tumorigenic phenotype to human tumor cells bearing PDGF receptors but not to cells devoid of receptors: evidence for an autocrine, but not a paracrine, mechanism. Int J Cancer. 1996 May 29;66(5):669-77.
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6. Di Fiore PP, Pierce JH, Kraus MH, Segatto O, King CR, Aaronson SA. erbB-2 is a potent oncogene when overexpressed in NIH/3T3 cells. Science. 1987 Jul 10;237(4811):178-82.
7. Batra SK, Castelino-Prabhu S, Wikstrand CJ, et al. Epidermal growth factor ligand-independent, unregulated, cell-transforming potential of a naturally occurring human mutant EGFRvIII gene. Cell Growth Differ. 1995 Oct;6(10):1251-9.
8. Egeblad M, Mortensen OH, Jaattela M. Truncated ErbB2 receptor enhances ErbB1 signaling and induces reversible, ERK-independent loss of epithelial morphology. Int J Cancer. 2001 Oct 15;94(2):185-91.
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14. Igney FH, Krammer PH. Death and anti-death: tumour resistance to apoptosis. Nat Rev Cancer. 2002 Apr; 2(4):277-88.
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21. Motzer RJ, Michaelson MD, Redman BG, et al. Activity of SU11248, a multitargeted inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor, in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jan 1;24(1):16-24.

[@solvirtudazo9540]

Thank you for educating us on cancer biology! Please keep on posting oncology-related resources.❤👍🙏

[@nitrohide1991]

all your videos are great ! everytime they help me realize processes in the body better !!!

[@NatVN88]

Studying for my defense. You guys are doing such a great job! Thank you very much :)

[@ayaanejj3482]

short and clear .......good animation.

[@aprilhicks3474]

sounds promising and was educational, thanks!

[@alz123alz]

FINALLY, INFORMATION THAT UNDERSTAND EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY

[@juliechao1074]

Thanks for the upload!! It's really concise and clear

[@fatimahayssam120]

Thanks for your effort ♥️

[@abdelrahmanahmed8133]

Helpful Thanks

[@harithhusam]

Nice

[@zainabalradi2306]

is It possible that we loss apoptosis due to mutations in death receptor genes for example? or this is the only way found in humans regarding loss of apoptosis?

[@Tinky1rs]

There are many many pathways that eventually induce or inhibit apoptosis. One example: tumours can have a Fas receptor mutation, so that they are resistant to FasL (ligand) secreted by cytotoxic T-cells, reducing or even preventing T-cell mediated killing. This can even be taken one step further: tumours start producing lots of FasL while having no Fas Receptor, thereby killing nearby T-cells trying to destroy the tumour.

[@mariannebest6796]

could you give an example of what you mean by an NFkB inhibitor? Thanks

[@davidcunningham2984]

try the internet. a new search engine called google might help.

[@Josh350]

Protine inhibitor.