This video is part of a series. If you liked this one, you should check out the rest of the series here: kzbin.info/aero/PLCTNr4WPOQ97bwf-ylpCDR9kxrsEpp0kl
@kw37524 жыл бұрын
Four, I mean Five, I mean Fire!!
@desmondobi56704 жыл бұрын
God caused racism
@johnny504244 жыл бұрын
more like more fail from you holy koolaid,. bibical history is 100% accurate. you are butt hurt the bible ios telling the truth and destroying low iq liars like you/.
@AC-gb7do4 жыл бұрын
@@johnny50424 🤦♂️🤣 Obvious troll is obvious AF. Try harder.
@edwincasimir284 жыл бұрын
Prediction: another uppity Jewish creationist is going to respond to this with cherrypicked research and more obscure, unrelated scripture passages.
@Metrosplash4 жыл бұрын
I always felt that this story reveals a certain cultural jealousy of Babylon. The Tower is clearly a Ziggurat, and Babylon was a cosmopolitan city with numerous language spoken. A nomadic people were amazed and envious, so they create a story where their sky god hates it. And provides a language myth.
@maxalberts20033 жыл бұрын
Excellent insight.
@jackyokeed70443 жыл бұрын
Yeah the nomadic cannonite people were known in that region and ironically Yahweh is the Cannonite God of War
@davidwickman75433 жыл бұрын
I had similar thoughts, but I wouldn't consider it out of amazement and envy. Historically, the Jews hated the Babylonians for many reasons, but the main one being the enslavement of the Jewish people. I would consider this work at best criticism on Babylonian culture and at worst hate speech against the Babylonians.
@patrickngunjiri53403 жыл бұрын
At first people of your kind denied the existence of such a city and tower.... even the names were said to be made up.... archaeology from 19th and 20th centuries discovered and proved indeed it existed with exact names and dating....... perhaps the nomadic people also have a powerful God because in their book it says that Babylon Wil never be inhabited again once destroyed..... it's been more than 3000years and it's never been inhabited
@Metrosplash3 жыл бұрын
@@patrickngunjiri5340 I did reply. Really. When a nomadic people meet a new, cosmopolitan culture with so much beauty, Envy was the first emotion. The Story of Babylon was how my people recorded this encounter.
@RawGameplay03 жыл бұрын
Sir, I infinitely thank you for being one of the ones that destroyed my religious beliefs and dragged me out of my delusion
@bluellamaslearnbeyondthele24563 жыл бұрын
1656 (2015 BCE): Flood of Noah 1751 (1920 BCE): Birth of Nimrod 1791 (1900 BCE): Nimrod rebels against G‑d and rules in Babel 1948 (1813 BCE): Birth of Abraham 1973 (1788 BCE): Construction of Tower of Babel begins 1996 (1765 BCE): Tower of Babel destroyed the flood was not local - or else they would not have bothered with buiding a floating zoo, just move a few thousand km instead. also, what flood takes weeks to drain? second, the imediat generations after noah lived to see hundreds of years, that means they were 300 years old and still making babies. third, the cities weren't built back then, but smaller versions of them with smaller populations. he built them in the sense of buiding the fundations. fourth: in hebrew a son is also possibly just a descendent. so no, there were not 3 generations, because Noah's son's sons could be 10 generations down the line with only 2 key fathers being mentioned. fifth: noah himself lived 400 years after the flood. it's not 3 couples. it's 4. sixth: this dude built a floating boat full of animals, yet we presume they didn't wash and were dying at 30 without medicine ? can you get more ridiculous ?
@KamalasFakePolls5 ай бұрын
@@bluellamaslearnbeyondthele2456The entire story is fake.
@Faesharlyn4 ай бұрын
*The truth set you free*!
@lynnefox48923 ай бұрын
@@bluellamaslearnbeyondthele2456 You have been badly educated. A cursory investigation of documented, proven history, real events and records from the times you enumerate will show you these dates are wholly specious. You have been lied to, and now spread untruths as facts. It is sad.
@niku..4 жыл бұрын
As a linguist, I so deeply hate this story. It's completely wrong and against everything we know about language evolution
@guthrie_the_wizard4 жыл бұрын
Maybe you could provide some discussion points for part 2?!
@AbandonedVoid4 жыл бұрын
Almost as much as biologists and astrophysicists hate the creation myths, I'd assume.
@baer00834 жыл бұрын
@@AbandonedVoid I´m an engineering student and cant stand those fantasy stories of the bible. It is like someone without any clue about something trying to explain it in a especially goofy way. No research, no proof, no idea. Just pullin´ it straight out of their butt. Like: "Daaaad? Why are there people who speak different than we do?" "Ehhhhh... You know... some people built something really big.... annnnnd ehhhh... (what should i say?!)...goood... he didnt like it... and then he made them speak in different tungs... etc." To be honest: I find Tolkiens works much better.
@visforvegan84 жыл бұрын
Well see that's your problem right there. You're one of them brainwashed evolutionaryists.
@geoffreygushue22804 жыл бұрын
Yeah , fer sure...but, c'mon...it plays well at Sunday School! Stories about gardens, arks, a pillar of salt...
@w.williams26943 жыл бұрын
I remember asking my sunday school teacher how a handful of people could repopulate the entire world TWICE (the first time with a father/mother and two sons) and he said "oh, there were other people on the Earth" and just moved on with the lesson. Meanwhile I'm sitting there thinking, "doesn't that disprove our entire religion?"
@cangrejopendejo49093 жыл бұрын
Adam and Eve were the first people on earth, and they had two sons (Cain and Abel). When Cain slew Abel he was cast out and had to go live with some other people. Where tf did these other people come from? I always wondered about that..
@ElizabethsLizard2 жыл бұрын
For the second repopulation, apparently it is mathematically possible. Starting with Noah and his four sons, over 8 generations, over 850 years (850 years later, there were around 10 million people around the globe), it would take every woman having 6 children, and none of those children dying before having 6 children (if one failed, another woman would have to birth 12 children). Considering how many women died early on and then in childbirth, this is pretty much impossible, and would be absurd to even suggest, but I hope this could at least bring an answer for a part of your question. Got this from Forrest Valkai, an evolutionary biologist: kzbin.info/www/bejne/aX2VfWqAed58a7c at 16:57 You can fact check this if something is wrong with his equation, but it seemed to be accurate to me. I am not a mathematician though.
@vanyacristenso51072 жыл бұрын
@@ElizabethsLizard that mathematics is “possible” but not true bcs it doesn’t substrate with the number of deaths especially all of world deadly disasters. And also doesn’t explain the variety of races. How is it evolve into many races while the first group of humans are already intelligent.
@YankeeDoodle2 Жыл бұрын
@@ElizabethsLizard Nothing is impossible through God
@seafoxx777 Жыл бұрын
The nun that taught me in CCD said this to me too!! And when I asked about it (because I was a curious kid) I got kicked out lol
@HillaryCampbell4 жыл бұрын
Mad respect for cramming so many languages into your intro!! BRAVO!
@ntay69904 жыл бұрын
The Bible: "God is not the author of confusion." God: *confuses people by scrambling languages*
@rzu14744 жыл бұрын
Wie bitte?
@ambassadorforchrist2Corin3 жыл бұрын
There are several dispensations in the Bible, God is dispensing different instructions to different audiences throughout the Bible. At the towel of Babel God is talking to a different group from the Corinthians in 1 Corinthians 14:33 kjv; hence seemingly contradicting (confusion) information. Study to shew thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth. But shun profane and vain babblings: for they will increase unto more ungodliness. 2 Timothy 2:15-16 KJV
@moreaxe98293 жыл бұрын
@@ambassadorforchrist2Corin I like the sounds of Towel of Babel more than Tower of Babel So I'm not going to correct you~ 😎
@yungbrosedawgpoundent79413 жыл бұрын
Yet u dont understand why?
@damianedwards23273 жыл бұрын
God is the existence of Love. Everybody believes Love exists. To degrade that comes with consequences.
@louicoleman29104 жыл бұрын
The building I’m in right now is taller than the supposed height of the Tower of Babel yet no god has taken action against me or indeed any of the other occupants 🤷🏻♂️
@AC-gb7do4 жыл бұрын
Give him time. (Like after the heat death of the universe, you’re on his list...) 😁
@jadgbanzer92464 жыл бұрын
@@AC-gb7do you might be too if you picked the wrong denomination...
@fred_derf4 жыл бұрын
Back when Babel was being built god was corporeal and lived in the clouds, but now it's immaterial and lives outside of space and time. Derp, derp, derp.
@hakureikura90524 жыл бұрын
i suspect that the building you are in has hidden chariots of iron somewhere...
@lincthomas71784 жыл бұрын
@@jadgbanzer9246 well, which is the right one?
@mattyvans84544 жыл бұрын
Either you know all those languages in that intro or you just memorized that opening. Either way it was awesome! Kudos
@HolyKoolaid4 жыл бұрын
Or I know several of them and memorized the rest. 🙃
@TheMindfulfoodie6334 жыл бұрын
Definitely doesn’t know Xhosa, cause that’s not how we speak
@MrZauberelefant4 жыл бұрын
@@TheMindfulfoodie633 doesn't know German eithet and his French has a horrible accent.
@mwanikimwaniki68014 жыл бұрын
@@TheMindfulfoodie633 Are you a Xhosa?
@TheMindfulfoodie6334 жыл бұрын
@@mwanikimwaniki6801 I’m South Africa, and live amongst Xhosa people , and I’m fluent in Xhosa
@MsScarletwings4 жыл бұрын
Once you get further through the Old Testament myths it would be super interesting to spice it up here and there with some Quran stories as well, all kinds of crazy stuff happening in both books.
@HolyKoolaid4 жыл бұрын
I'd like to systematically make my way through the Bible, Quran, and Book of Mormon. Right now, I know the Bible the best and am learning a lot about history and archaeology as I go.
@philosophicalharmonics34704 жыл бұрын
Don't forget the ancient atheist myths like eugenics.
@reasonablespeculation38934 жыл бұрын
the Myth of Eugenics? What is the meaning of "eugenics" as you are using it.
@philosophicalharmonics34704 жыл бұрын
am i to assume that you believe eugenics is a fact?? and eugenics has only one meaning. lol. simple google search on that one. sigh.
@lincthomas71784 жыл бұрын
@@philosophicalharmonics3470 thats what hitler tried to implement pitty he failed
@deathworld52534 жыл бұрын
The archeological part of this was new and very interesing for me, keep it up, please!
@guthrie_the_wizard4 жыл бұрын
Really love the evidenced based approach, Thomas! Great video and certainly look forward to part two. I live in the Bible Belt and can readily confirm that many people here claim to believe that the Bible is the literal and inerrant word of God. COVID has shown how deeply dangerous magical thinking can be. Thank you for being a champion of reason and empathy!!!!!
@philosophicalharmonics34704 жыл бұрын
And how did covid do that exactly? Was it during the liberal atheist sponsored riots where everyone stopped social distancing for months in order to spread the virus further? Or was it when all the stores opened up and business got back to normal while "covid cases skyrocked" even though no one has a clue who is getting sick because everyone is fine? Oh, I see, it only counts when you're religious and gathering together. Makes sense. Perfect logic. Don't be religious, kids, you'll spread that covid.
@Viseradh4 жыл бұрын
@@philosophicalharmonics3470 Look at the footage of the "liberal atheist sponsored riots". Masks. Masks everywhere. I think you are a victim of the republican propaganda or a disinformer who is using his time to make bad comments on an excellent video. BTW, there are so many evangelic Christian that says that only god can ask them to wear a mask. Draw a conclusion before repeating a non-testable idea. And I hope you may have a wonderful day away from hate-spewing media.
@philosophicalharmonics34704 жыл бұрын
@@Viseradh so what you're saying is all you need is a mask and can then stand 1 foot away from people for hours at a time chanting at the top of your voice and you're all protected. -- and then you have the audacity to ridicule religious people for doing something similar without masks. Wow. -- and you claim you know and follow the science? Come on, jack. Now look, I know you atheists are all about what you call science, but the evidence doesn't lie, you guys cherry pick that science and promote what agrees with your biases, just like everyone else. So get off your high horses. Acting self righteous like you're better than everyone else doesn't look good on you people. And thats what 100% of your condescending videos do.
@rc76254 жыл бұрын
@paul mortimer Cool myth, bro. If you follow actual biblical scholars and not childish dishonest apologists, the Book of Job, or at least parts of it, IS considered to have been written around 200 BCE.
@pelinalwhitestrake11764 жыл бұрын
The fact that this foolish comment got so many likes is dangerous 😂
@gregcampwriter4 жыл бұрын
Nimrod just really didn't like being crowded. I mean, how can anyone stand to live in a place with more than fifty people?
@aethelred37664 жыл бұрын
Nimrod was the OG Daniel Boone "If I can see the smoke from my neighbor's chimney, it's time to move"
@brocksamson32824 жыл бұрын
there is evidence that more than 50 people in a tribal unit leads to dysfunction.
@viddork3 жыл бұрын
This was just the start of social distancing.
@jangilbert80283 жыл бұрын
😂🤣😂🤣😂. I live in LA 😂🤣😂🤣😂
@bethanykillian71673 жыл бұрын
Once upon a time I earned my B.S. in Biblical Archaeology. “Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence, JDEP so many flashbacks to class. Having everything I was taught dismantled throughout this series is both jarring and a relief to my newly non-theistic soul. Well researched challenges like this are desperately needed. Keep doing what you do. 👍🏻
@uuncoolguy62 жыл бұрын
Biblical archaeology is funny. It's dudes confirming each other's evidence by academic review. When in truth there is no evidence just speculation
@davidcottrell13082 жыл бұрын
too many words. and most of them are just silly.
@gm2407 Жыл бұрын
@@uuncoolguy6Yes it mocks the all acedemia by that practice.
@XconeArtist4 жыл бұрын
Man, I've been watching your videos quite some time. And I still like the intro and outro music, a lot! Awesome episode! looking forward to the next one.
@Hollanda-uj7tl4 жыл бұрын
It sounds like it’s from a 1970s porno
@melontusk73584 жыл бұрын
Holy koolaid: "These towers were fully operational". Emperor Palpatine: "We'll watch your career with great interest"
@hackman6693 жыл бұрын
So what do the towers do exactly?!
@DaveTexas4 жыл бұрын
I didn’t even buy the Babel story when I first heard it in third grade Sunday school. Our teacher did NOT like my skepticism and the way I encouraged the other children to not believe everything in the Bible. I didn’t even think the other kids were listening to my protests and questions. I just couldn’t believe a grown-up could be so stupid. This came shortly after the Noah lesson, where she tried to tell me that it never rained before the great flood. Some nonsense about a mist coming up from the ground that watered all the plants. I had very recently learned how water/clouds/rain worked, so there was no way I was buying that the entire way the water cycle works had changed after one big storm.
@warpnin34 жыл бұрын
It wasn't "one big storm" It was a catastrophic global flood caused by subterranean water coming up, tsunamis sweeping through thousands of miles, and volcanic eruptions that drastically changed the earth's surface, the earth's atmosphere, and the climate. It was not just "one big storm".
@DaveTexas4 жыл бұрын
@@warpnin3 oh, honey, no. There was no global flood. Only someone with NO understanding of geology, climatology, and physics would believe something so moronic. Volcanic eruptions do not change the way the Earth’s water cycle works. The mere fact that you believe any of your nonsense shows that you aren’t intelligent enough to tell the difference between mythology and reality, which puts your intellectual capacity approximately at the level of a toddler. Go color your little fairy tale stories in your coloring book and stop bothering the grown-ups now.
@vvjjjio55494 жыл бұрын
@@DaveTexas and color your imagination and your knowledge in your brain and see how it works nothing is possible for God right there.
@vvjjjio55494 жыл бұрын
@@DaveTexas the more you believe there is no creator the more you think nothing creates nothing what even is that? The reality is people like you push unto us instead of trying to be kind and try to tell us your "truth" you instead make fun of our "story" and call it fairytale is that considered to be a good person you are right now? I don't think so because we are pretty much the same, That's why Jesus died for us. And you call what we believe nonsense so who created the universe? How can nothing created us and why would we bother you? You see an grown up and He is about to get hit by a train and doesn't know about it and he tells you to "stop bothering grownups" and when he dies then all people point fingers at you
@vvjjjio55494 жыл бұрын
@@DaveTexas and explain to me when I have a hard time with my relationship with God and a video appeared to me saying that your gonna have a hard time and when you have a relationship with God doesn't mean its gonna be easy since there will be people who will execute you because of your faith in God?
@kizza3904 жыл бұрын
I love how a woman at work who, when confronted with this and other nonsense, merely writes it off as "God works in mysterious ways" and "but the bible is the word of God". Even THIS story, no matter how insane it is, is ardently defended (for want of a better word). Wow ...
@geoffreygushue22804 жыл бұрын
Hi! I was raised Catholic , and went to an all boys Catholic school...that little smile she has is called Faith, not nonsense...just something she believes in...ain't no right or wrong...just what is...
@JediSandwich4 жыл бұрын
Mental gymnastics is a term I like to use
@geoffreygushue22804 жыл бұрын
@@JediSandwich That works!
@mikejankowski63214 жыл бұрын
Her cup of koolaid was particularly strong.
@shriggs554 жыл бұрын
The Bible shouldn't need defending.It shouldn't need explaining.It should be clear as a bell and easy to understand for whoever turns its pages.That wouldn't be to hard for the God of the impossible to do now, would it?
@brunozeigerts63794 жыл бұрын
Wonder what Incas thought when missionaries told them about flood waters covering mountains like the Andes. 'Man... whatever you're smoking, I want some!'
@philosophicalharmonics34704 жыл бұрын
Are you joking? You DO know that Incas had their own flood legend where the Andes were all covered in water? You people are beyond hope.
@idlemindkiller4 жыл бұрын
@@philosophicalharmonics3470 I don't think you read the original comment correctly.
@philosophicalharmonics34704 жыл бұрын
@@idlemindkiller i read it as saying the missionaries came over and told the Incas that there was a flood that covered the mountains and that idea was so out there to the Incas that they were like "what are you smoking". but there's well over 300 flood legends all over the globe that have no correlation to the bible's version. what the Incas would have thought is "oh, yeah, your legends are like ours, so I guess that means our gods helped you figure the world out." that's what they would have thought right before they died from plague and then from spanish wars.
@idlemindkiller4 жыл бұрын
@@philosophicalharmonics3470 right. But I think the comment was meant as a joke about the very things you just listed.
@philosophicalharmonics34704 жыл бұрын
I don't think so.
@justinporterproductions3 жыл бұрын
These are the questions I would ask growing up and would just be told it was God working supernaturally and subject changed. Thank you for your hard work on these videos! I will be supporting.
@grapeshot4 жыл бұрын
Yeah you can definitely tell this is a story thought up to explain why humans speak so many different languages. And I've noticed when you read the story Yahweh is talking to other gods. When he's talking about we have to stop these humans, he doesn't like competition.
@DampeS8N4 жыл бұрын
Elohim is plural and refers to El, or the proto-Semitic word for god. This probably refers to the Mesopotamian gods like Ishtar and Apsu and Tiamat. This goes back to before these religions diverged. The progression from polytheistic to monotheistic went through a phase where other gods existed, but Yahweh was the best. And eventually the other gods were discredited. These stories were originally concocted during all phases of that transition so you get odd remnants like this one in the Babel story, and Job, and in the Adam and Eve story where it is retconned from Yahweh talking to the other gods to just a vague warning that Adam and Eve will become like "Us" and it is assumed he means the Angels.
@philosophicalharmonics34704 жыл бұрын
El is actually the name of the head god of the Canaanite pantheon. The people we call Israelite were Canaanites who eventually ceased worshipping their pantheon in favor of one god in the pantheon, who became God, Yahweh. Supposed to be the be-all end-all I-Am.
@galacticbob14 жыл бұрын
@@philosophicalharmonics3470 can you link any good resources you know for ancient Hebrew religious beliefs? I've actually been studying it recently and I would appreciate it if you know of any good scholarly sources.
@eyespy66774 жыл бұрын
It's funny how in the chapter right before this it tells of all the tribes and their LANGUAGES. Then BAM! Turn the page and another bible contradiction. 🤣
@dvonzosch4614 жыл бұрын
@@galacticbob1 Here's some to start elwynshebrewbiblepage.weebly.com/the-religion-of-ancient-israel-and-judah-was-polytheism.html www.academia.edu/3720298/Yahweh_and_his_Asherah_at_Kuntillet_Ajrud -- Since Asherah was the 'goddess of trees', the only way that Deuteronomy 16:21 makes any sense is if you recognize that the cult of Asherah was a competing deity, in the way that modern day political parties and auto companies compete. en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origins_of_Judaism exodusmyth.com/2017/05/10/israelite-religion-to-judaism-the-evolution-of-the-religion-of-israel-david-steinberg/ After the Babylonian captivity, the now predominant Yahweh priesthood redacted and revised the "history" to cast the accepted practice of polytheism as an aberration or deviation, when in fact, like all other cultures, the Israelites had different gods for different reasons i.e. Baal for thunder and rain, Asherah for fertility, etc. Some too well known passages could not be altered, such as Exodus 20:3: "You shall have no _OTHER_ gods before me" -- why not simply state: 'Other gods don't exist' ? Because the Israelites believed in other gods ; the command was that Yahweh, the war god, would be the primary god. You also may want to research the uncanny similarities between Zoroastrianism, the state religion of the Persian Empire that liberated the Israelites from Babylonian captivity, and modern Christianism.
@lluewhyn3 жыл бұрын
"The bible has already debunked itself". You mean like when Cain is exiled by God after killing his brother and joins the people in the Land of Nod? This is just one generation after the very first couple of people that ever existed, and already Cain is building a city with other people he's met.
@zaceishen79742 жыл бұрын
It doesn't say he joined other people in the land of nod. 16. And Cain went out from the presence of the LORD, and dwelt in the land of Nod, on the east of Eden. (Genesis, 4) He took a sister as a wife and went to another land that had a different name from eden. It doesn't say anything about it being an inhabited land. How To Go To Heaven According to the holy Word of God in the King James Bible! It is very simple to be saved and takes only a minute to explain. Please let me show you how to get to Heaven from the Bible, God's Word... Man is a Sinner in the Eyes of a Holy God. Isaiah 53:6, “All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the LORD hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.”Romans 3:19, “Now we know that what things soever the law saith, it saith to them who are under the law: that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guilty before God.”John 3:3, “Jesus answered and said unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God.”Romans 3:10, “As it is written, There is none righteous, no, not one.”Romans 3:23, “For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God.” There is a Price For Our Sin―Burning in Hell Forever. Romans 6:23, “For the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.”Romans 5:12, “Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned.”2nd Thessalonians 1:8, “In flaming fire taking vengeance on them that know not God, and that obey not the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ.”Revelation 20:15, "And whosoever was not found written in the book of life was cast into the lake of fire.”Revelation 21:8, “But the fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the second death.” Jesus paid that price by dying on the cross and shedding His blood; Christ was buried and bodily rose again the third day! Romans 5:8, “But God commendeth his love toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us.”John 3:16, “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.”1st Timothy 1:15, “This is a faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners; of whom I am chief.”1st Peter 1:18-19, “Forasmuch as ye know that ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, from your vain conversation received by tradition from your fathers; But with the precious blood of Christ...”1st Corinthians 15:1-4, “Moreover, brethren, I declare unto you the gospel which I preached unto you, which also ye have received, and wherein ye stand; By which also ye are saved, if ye keep in memory what I preached unto you, unless ye have believed in vain. For I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received, how that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures; And that he was buried, and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures.” This is the Gospel. By faith in Jesus Christ ALONE we are immediately saved.Galatians 3:26, “For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus.”John 11:25, “Jesus said unto her, I am the resurrection, and the life: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live.”John 6:28-29, “Then said they unto him, What shall we do, that we might work the works of God? Jesus answered and said unto them, This is the work of God, that ye believe on him whom he hath sent.”Ephesians 2:8-9, “For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: Not of works, lest any man should boast.”John 14:6, “Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me.”John 6:40, “And this is the will of him that sent me, that every one which seeth the Son, and believeth on him, may have everlasting life: and I will raise him up at the last day.”Mark 1:15, “And saying, The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and believe the gospel.”Acts 26:18, “To open their eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins, and inheritance among them which are sanctified by faith that is in me.”Romans 10:13, “For whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved.”1st Corinthians 3:11, "For other foundation can no man lay than that is laid, which is Jesus Christ.”Galatians 3:26, “For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus.” Salvation is NOT found in a religion or good works, but in a Person... The LORD JESUS CHRIST! Simply BELIEVE the Gospel and You Are Saved!
@BeeHatGuy6 ай бұрын
@@zaceishen7974dork
@KamalasFakePolls5 ай бұрын
@@zaceishen7974Nobody is gonna read all that. Get over yourself.
@occamraiser3 ай бұрын
@@zaceishen7974 There was NOT SUPPOSED TO BE ANY OTHER HUMANS IN THE UNIVERSE EXCEPT THOSE 4. So what the on earth are you ranting about? - land of Nod? Is that not part of the 6 day DIY Universe that only has 4 people in it?
@occamraiser3 ай бұрын
@@zaceishen7974 The bottom of this screed has the youtube link 'show less' - oh boy, was that ever good advice.
@davidgoldsmith6438 Жыл бұрын
Ive been an athiest since the my College years in the good old 70's. I gave up the fight it seemed so futile after soooo many years of Kolaid drinking!! Thanks for waking up my passion for "Whats truth and whats not truth". ......good work......
@d.o.m.4944 жыл бұрын
Ken Ham had his fingers in his ears while singing lalalala!
@dziobak1014 жыл бұрын
Thomas is trying to grow his beard all the way to heaven...
@HolyKoolaid4 жыл бұрын
Nope. I'm Rapunzel-bearding my way to hell.
@proculusjulius70354 жыл бұрын
@@HolyKoolaid lol nice 😂
@dziobak1014 жыл бұрын
@@HolyKoolaid Beelzebub, Beelzebub... let down your knappy scruff!!!
@violenceisfun9914 жыл бұрын
Ch In Es Es R Cu Nt S
@gatfatf4 жыл бұрын
Toward his crotch? I concur, there is surely no place more devine.
@doctorheadblog4 жыл бұрын
Excellent work, my friend. Keep doing what you do. It is immensely appreciated. ❤
@ShallowCreation911 Жыл бұрын
God is real.
@deathbyseatoast88544 жыл бұрын
just discovered your channel from this video and subscribed. really dig your content and can't wait to binge your other videos when i have more time.
@johnny504244 жыл бұрын
@Lee Shackelford no good stuff here. only lies on this channel holy koolaid is here to deceive people. holy koolaid only tells flat out lies/. you ghuys are to scared to querstion the con man holy koolaid.
@johnny504244 жыл бұрын
no good stuff on this channel. only garbage from holy koolaid here. holy koolaid only spow puere lies here.
@deathbyseatoast88544 жыл бұрын
@@johnny50424 Could you provide some scientific evidence for your claim? I’d gladly consider him a conman if enough evidence was presented.
@Kenliano4 жыл бұрын
Whoa! The languages at the start of the video? Perfect touch! You really speak all these languages? Your accents sound good! Now to continue watching.
@azuregriffin11164 жыл бұрын
I don't think he speaks them all, but the effort was cool.
@HolyKoolaid4 жыл бұрын
No. I only speak 4 of them.
@azuregriffin11164 жыл бұрын
@@HolyKoolaid I saw someone correcting your German? Which four? I'm curious.
@Kenliano4 жыл бұрын
@@HolyKoolaid still impressive!
@AC-gb7do4 жыл бұрын
@@HolyKoolaid To paraphrase Bill Burr, I’m on my third attempt at Rosetta Stone Japanese. Good on you for being multilingual!
@julsanne45904 жыл бұрын
So happy to see another installment in this series. 😀
@magmadude354 жыл бұрын
My first video I've seen of yours, great stuff man. Never even heard that point before but it's incredibly legit
@juliojimenez9374 жыл бұрын
Peaches and eggplants! LOL
@fervcorsica33584 жыл бұрын
Lmao , I spat coffee all over the keyboard
@HolyKoolaid4 жыл бұрын
That part was actually my roommate, Eric Murphy's addition to the video. :)
@fervcorsica33584 жыл бұрын
@@HolyKoolaid thx Eric and koolaid guy for making us laugh, and educating us as well
@pondboy36824 жыл бұрын
@Pesca Vegan @1:40 "be fruitful"
@pondboy36824 жыл бұрын
@Pesca Vegan interesting, the time stamp works fine as a link on my phone, but I guess not for everyone else! Thanks for the tip! As someone who also plays YT in the background a lot, I thought that might be about what had happened! Glad to help!
@jahipalmer87823 жыл бұрын
Are we gonna talk about how the god who says he isn't the author of confusion specificlly authors confusion?
@lamestudiosinc4183 жыл бұрын
Well I mean obviously nothing said about God in the Bible is meant to be applied universally. Like how he can do anything except fight against iron chariots (Judges 1:19). Or how he never tempts any man (James 1:13) except when he does (Genesis 22:1-19, basically all of Job). Or how you shouldn't test god (Matthew 4:7 and many others) except if you're Gideon (Judges 6:36-7:23).
@bluellamaslearnbeyondthele24563 жыл бұрын
@@lamestudiosinc418 both of you fall for the same simple error that disconsideres the language barrier. God is not the author of sophistry. There, I fixed it for you. Has nothing to do with installing some language barriers. You could call me a loser arriving in second in a race, or look at the other 10 people who came in behind me and understand that I just want first. Confusion, obfuscation, who knows what the term means.
@bluellamaslearnbeyondthele24563 жыл бұрын
God is not the author of sophistry. Did you look up the Greek?
@lamestudiosinc4183 жыл бұрын
@@bluellamaslearnbeyondthele2456 Sophistry is not what the Greek says. The exact word used is akatastasias, which means "clutter", " chaos", or "disorder"
@bluellamaslearnbeyondthele24563 жыл бұрын
@@lamestudiosinc418 lovely. caught me. thanks ! still, there is this video you might wanna watch: Responding to Holy Koolaid on the Tower of Babel
@The_Other_Ghost4 жыл бұрын
Maybe this happened in Alabama.
@holdonwhatsgoingon55514 жыл бұрын
Sweet home Alabama Where the skies are so blue Sweet home Alabama Lord, I'm coming home to you
@backpackpepelon38673 жыл бұрын
🤣🤣
@tulinfirenze19903 жыл бұрын
Or Tasmania!
@Daniel.Miranda3 жыл бұрын
Aw man the series is over? Binged out all day really good work sir very interesting 👍
@Neo-ri2ug2 жыл бұрын
Thank you for the great content! I would really like to see a part two of that topic.
@leyrua4 жыл бұрын
"You nimrod!" Nimrod: "Yes, me Nimrod."
@stephenford33594 жыл бұрын
Hahaha!
@whiterabbit754 жыл бұрын
Dr. Frankenstein: Werewolf! Igor: There! Dr. Frankenstein: What? Igor: [points towards the woods] There wolf!
@ghenulo3 жыл бұрын
@@whiterabbit75 That's irritating; as if Mel Brooks and the actors couldn't hear a difference between the phonemes /w/ and /ʍ/.
@winstonenglish2853 жыл бұрын
Good one! you are indeed a cunning linguist 🤔
@carissaagurkis42493 жыл бұрын
My favorite part of the story is that in theory if we all learned to communicate and built a a giant tower we could destroy God
@t.c.g.thecentregod28093 жыл бұрын
Ye but now we have drones, planes, rocket ships, even towers higher than the one the ppl used to reach god
@romanmay28673 ай бұрын
which begs the question if it was metaphor and not a literal “tower” and how much the story has changed over time
@a787fxr4 жыл бұрын
Somehow your voice has become like music to my ears. Your message of knowledge is fantastic. It is with people like you that I feel humanity can take religion, thank it and move forward in a better direction that doesn't include killing each other over which illusion is better. !:- )
@Alex-sr4ed4 ай бұрын
As a Christian I appreciate how you are honestly showing the evidence in a fair light. There’s a lot of issues with the Bible especially the Old Testament. So many I don’t know how well it can be trusted. It’s got some interesting stories that are pretty strange. Your videos are really interesting and very educational. Have a great day.
@ikeduno79734 жыл бұрын
Hard to say how much work was done here that saved me time. Much. Thank you!
@corvusalbus72764 жыл бұрын
God: Divides people by creating multiple languages so they can't communicate. Also God: Must wait until the Roman Empire allows the word of Christ to spread throughout the region. Everyone: Hold on. This whole operation was your idea.
@feedhyungwonplease60874 жыл бұрын
that's abrahamic religions for ya
@Ben-Ken4 жыл бұрын
This is what happened when missionaries came to the "new world": kzbin.info/www/bejne/ap3XlaiPpbGil8k
@yoma90214 жыл бұрын
God: Knows who will be in Hell and didn't try to convince them during their lifetime Also God: Sends them in Hell for not believing his Holy book filled with contradictions Atheist: Hold on, this whole operation was your idea
@rageofheaven4 жыл бұрын
Sir, ill have you know george lucas does not speak for everyone. I will only accept Quentin Tarantino writing my dialog.
@Tiger-fv3nl4 жыл бұрын
Well if you would read and study God's word you would realize that he is long suffering that none of us should perish. He works out all things for his good.
@Rachmanfan4life4 ай бұрын
Another wonderful video thank you so much for putting these together. They are so well done and entertaining.
@amyaust25154 жыл бұрын
Wow thank you for the breakdown of Noah’s offsprings and Tower of Babel. Your work helps me learn how to talk to my ultra religious family and bible believers.
@ingebygstad96674 жыл бұрын
I'm afraid it will only help you in theory :)
@shriggs554 жыл бұрын
I like the presentation of your videos.These videos are not only interesting,but they tell us what we really have known all along-Christianity is built on sand.
@gsnaponfire4 жыл бұрын
Thanks Koolaid!!
@acentaur0104 жыл бұрын
Haven't seen you in many months. Glad to see you are still hanging in there. The new look...looks kinda nice I have to say. Keep up the great work!
@rogerhunter5404 Жыл бұрын
Hi, Thomas. I just looked at a brief bio about you, and I saw that your birthday was a week ago. Happy late birthday to you! I hope you were able to enjoy it.
@neilagangitlog4 жыл бұрын
I like ur hair. Also, please keep making these videos! I really appreciate your work 😻
@timeshark87274 жыл бұрын
Your intro reminded me of a normal day at work... I work at EPCOT
@ogg59494 жыл бұрын
I just binged all of these! Love em! But now I'm sad cuz I'll have to wait for #8.
@spacedoohicky4 жыл бұрын
This was fantastic! Thank you for this.
@Superb_Legend4 жыл бұрын
I love the Supernatural Castiel quote "Tower of Babel, all 37 feet of it, which I suppose was impressive at the time. And when it fell, they howled divine wrath. But come on, dried dung can only be stacked so high."
@ogg59494 жыл бұрын
Throughout the entire video I could hear Cass's voice in my head! Now I'm gonna watch that episode. 😆
@Superb_Legend3 жыл бұрын
@Phillip Evans Are you stupid? It a tv show quote.
@laurajarrell61874 жыл бұрын
Holy Koolaid, wow. You look great, kinda like a hippy/scholar! Excellent info, as usual. I'm trying, to be able to offer support. 👍💞✌😷🎃
@sprklrabbit26413 жыл бұрын
Awesome intro. Great content, thanks for your work and time on them. I've learned a lot watching.
@thomasgallipoli83764 жыл бұрын
Math is such an inconvenient thing, isn’t it? From one Thomas to another, great work and thank you very much. Please keep up the great work!
@DakotaBeerDrinker744 жыл бұрын
The Tower of Babel is a lot like the Jack in the bean stalk story. It sounds like a fairytale
@CaptIronfoundersson4 жыл бұрын
You doing ok, Thomas? You look like you're about to strap on a sandwich board and hand out end times pamphlets on a college campus. You also kind of look like an cooler Bob Ross. Either way, the look is working.
@TheJimtanker4 жыл бұрын
I would have gone with move into a cabin in the woods an start writing a manifesto.
@HolyKoolaid4 жыл бұрын
Lol. Let's just say I haven't gotten a hair cut since the before times.
@mercedesmarton37684 жыл бұрын
My first reaction was " who is this crazy rabbi?" Seriously, I had to double take. But, nonetheless looks good.
@siddubois47534 жыл бұрын
He looks great!
@Raxapheon4 жыл бұрын
@@HolyKoolaid he is rocking the jewfro pretty well, but the beard needs more care IMHO
@GeorgeGlass2984 жыл бұрын
The tower of Babel was one of the first Bible stories t hat resonated with me when I decided to read the Bible cover to cover. I was about 12 and it was absolutely hilarious to me that anyone could read that in the Bible and be like "oh yeah I'm going to worship this guy. This is totally legit."
@KitFoxboy4 жыл бұрын
Very impressive introduction! I knew you were a great speaker from your videos but you really have a flair for language too. I’m a software dev who knows plenty of computer languages but they are closer to math than the spoken word.
@kitsunekierein72534 жыл бұрын
Just got here! I saw this and immediately liked it. Keep it up, man!
@joehinojosa244 жыл бұрын
Did ancient Egyptian history notice they were destroyed by a world wide flood around 5000 YRS AGO?
@valkeakirahvi4 жыл бұрын
Did native Americans notice the world being created 6000 years ago?
@joehinojosa244 жыл бұрын
@@valkeakirahvi Well IF CARBON 14 IS VALID THEN THEIR TRIBAL HISTORY WOULD PREDATE THE 6000 YR CHRONOLOGY
@valkeakirahvi4 жыл бұрын
@@joehinojosa24 Yep that's my point. Well over 10 000 years.
@joehinojosa244 жыл бұрын
@@valkeakirahvi One Could say, the universe APPEARS differently from the Bible account
@yoma90214 жыл бұрын
Did the annunaki realise that when they changed our ADN so we could evolve in smarter beings than we were supposed to be?
@nori_tutor Жыл бұрын
Even when I was a Christian I found the story of Babel at the minimum hard to believe. First, why did God needed to "go down" to see what was happening? And then when He confused the languages we suddenly had several languages with several gramatical topics, verbs, nouns and all? Even as a Christian I read this and was like "Man, this is a hard one to swallow."
@luis440254 жыл бұрын
"The man in black fled across the desert and the gunslinger followed."
@daveb67224 жыл бұрын
Not the man in black?
@luis440254 жыл бұрын
@@daveb6722 thanks, good catch.
@mattryan68864 жыл бұрын
Can’t wait to see part 2. Love your work, very thoughtful and engaging content
@WillemGous4 жыл бұрын
Dude! Well done the languages. You really put the effort in. Thanks
@sttephanygamarra11244 жыл бұрын
Oh how I wish your vids were subtitled in Spanish and Portuguese, I would send it to every family member 🤓🙌🏿
@sage6336 Жыл бұрын
Que
@justjim10274 жыл бұрын
Yes!! You are one of my favourite 'Tubers. I love getting a notification. ;)
@kelleren48404 жыл бұрын
That intro was a freaking trip man lol
@sandisileqomoyi87443 жыл бұрын
Thank you for the correct pronunciation of Xhosa words....👍👍👍👍❤❤❤❤❤ Proper STUFF😊.
@teaburg4 жыл бұрын
Clever opening.
@fred_derf4 жыл бұрын
Critical review of the bible like this is something "christians" avoid at all costs, lest they become atheists.
@MrTim2234 жыл бұрын
Oh I know, I would ask questions during CCD and it would always boil down to either, "it just IS," or, "you are just supposed to have faith," whenever I would use that nasty things theologians call LOGIC. Basically the religious versions of DO NOT QUESTION AUTHORITY! DO AS TOLD!
@Martynas9544 жыл бұрын
@@MrTim223 well i mean bible and all what involves was created to control the masses easier while also making profit of it, While i cant say that i dont beleave in god and stuff my stand goes along the lines of. Only the dead know if there is anything after death, and all of religions are absolute bullshit made up by humans to control other humans by brainwashing them with bullshit, if by some chance god does exist and hes this all powerfull being theres absolute no reason why he would give a single fk about humanity or any other inferior savage species. And purely because there is that 0.01% chance that stuff like afterlife does exist in some way shape or form is the only reason why my view stays on being neutral about antheism and religion. Will see which one is correct once im dead, but hey wont be able to tell anyone :D
@bananapie21984 жыл бұрын
*fundamentalist Christians.
@haydenphillips31534 жыл бұрын
Some do review it thoroughly, but constantly justify what they don't understand or what seems horrendous. They then become very good at mental gymnastics.
@micahmatthew71044 жыл бұрын
kzbin.info/www/bejne/kH_GXpuvfreledU
@AngryBoozer4 жыл бұрын
Don't get me wrong, that intro was quite impressive, but for a second there, I thought I was having a stroke.
@thedarknessthatcomesbefore42794 жыл бұрын
Great video Thomas. Thanks 👍
@Thebibleguy963 жыл бұрын
Bro, I love that opening.
@TheKyrix824 жыл бұрын
*Watches multi-lingual intro* WE GET IT, YOU TRAVEL! Seriously though, clever intro
@tomasotreasaigh1114 жыл бұрын
"Those aren't boobs, they're LIES!!!"
@danielmortimer5324 жыл бұрын
I love Family Guy lol
@SkyTheHusky Жыл бұрын
You debunked the tower of babel without even looking at linguistics. That's something, man.
@roberthuffman68153 жыл бұрын
I'm not a fan of the adversarial tone of this channel, but I do love the content. Keep it up!
@ChaosMechanica3 жыл бұрын
Funny. Just before this video I got an ad for "The Bible Study" from some group that makes the Bible more fun to read. Seems like KZbin's algorithm is confused
@SAMURIADI4 жыл бұрын
ah the tower of babel i remember it quite well continues trap card-place 1 spel counter on this card each time a spell card is activated, when the 4th spell card is placed on this card destroy this card and the player who activated that spell card takes 3000 damage ..... wait this isnt yugioh
@piotrbakua48754 жыл бұрын
7:08 Lapis lazuli? No wonder they build pyramids, suckers had enchanted stuff
@mweskamppp4 жыл бұрын
Thanks for some debunking. There are so many lunatics in the web that tell totally moronic lies and myths.
@coffeeman85904 жыл бұрын
Love your channel!!!
@reynalindstrom24963 жыл бұрын
Thanks! Love from Sweden!
@PraiseTheFSMonster4 жыл бұрын
Taking advantage of No Shave November I see
@jeffnoble97574 ай бұрын
You do a great job, you scare the pants off Bible thumpers.. with common sense
@ghostagent35524 жыл бұрын
And because of their confirmative bias, they will keep adding in and removing languages from that list until they can find languages where no one knew where it came from...
@BavonWW3 жыл бұрын
Well reasoned arguments based on true science. Excellente!
@bluellamaslearnbeyondthele24563 жыл бұрын
really ???? 1656 (2015 BCE): Flood of Noah 1751 (1920 BCE): Birth of Nimrod 1791 (1900 BCE): Nimrod rebels against G‑d and rules in Babel 1948 (1813 BCE): Birth of Abraham 1973 (1788 BCE): Construction of Tower of Babel begins 1996 (1765 BCE): Tower of Babel destroyed the flood was not local - or else they would not have bothered with buiding a floating zoo, just move a few thousand km instead. also, what flood takes weeks to drain? second, the imediat generations after noah lived to see hundreds of years, that means they were 300 years old and still making babies. third, the cities weren't built back then, but smaller versions of them with smaller populations. he built them in the sense of buiding the fundations. fourth: in hebrew a son is also possibly just a descendent. so no, there were not 3 generations, because Noah's son's sons could be 10 generations down the line with only 2 key fathers being mentioned. fifth: noah himself lived 400 years after the flood. it's not 3 couples. it's 4. sixth: this dude built a floating boat full of animals, yet we presume they didn't wash and were dying at 30 without medicine ? can you get more ridiculous ?
@ReN-tw6mb4 жыл бұрын
all the best with your quest for Truth. ^^ Looking forward to your II part.
@QockNobblr Жыл бұрын
The biggest contradiction to this story is that the tower of babylon, which would've been a ziggurat, would have been smaller than the pyramids. So why were the pyramids not struck down? Our modern skyscrapers easily get up to 3x taller than the pyramids. The burg khalifa is a testament to that. Why have our skyscrapers not been smited by the jealous sand god? It makes literally 0 sense why he would give a shit about people building a tower that is only a few hundred feet high at its peak, when the outer limits of our atmosphere reach out around 60 miles. The clouds alone are about a mile high off the ground. Its not like he's literally up in the sky somewhere, so why in hel's name would yahweh give a shit?
@druidriley3163 Жыл бұрын
Hence stories written by sheepherders who didn't know where the sun went at night.
@theunholyhorseman71394 жыл бұрын
Oh, the demented drama! Oh, the twisted storyline! Oh, the hyperbole! Was the christian god THAT insecure? Just another fractured fairytale from the Book of Wholly Fables. Will christianity ever get a grip on reality, I wonder?
@tehdmanvids34 жыл бұрын
Buddy. Relax.
@kingsolomonsbox16493 жыл бұрын
If you ever have a problem, an incurable illness or a sick loved one remember not to call on the God you don't believe in.🥴
@theunholyhorseman71393 жыл бұрын
@@kingsolomonsbox1649 - No worries, I won't. A "loving" god that allows young children to get cancer and other terminal illnesses in order to make people pray to it, among other things, would be worthless anyway.
@jesushad12gayfriendwhoallb503 жыл бұрын
@@kingsolomonsbox1649 was that a comeback lmao.
@MrC0MPUT3R4 жыл бұрын
Idk if I can trust Bob Ross. Clearly he's hiding the fountain of youth from us.
@fireson98864 жыл бұрын
Nice
@vaughnmiller53193 жыл бұрын
Try spending some time reading and studying your Bible with someone who knows it and you can find out where the Fountain of Youth is located. And how to get some.
@richunixunix33134 жыл бұрын
Don't scare me like that!!!!! Damn.... your opening scene....was a little worried about you....good video
@arturoverde38074 жыл бұрын
Sir your videos are a national treasure....🇪🇸
@TheBrianp14 жыл бұрын
Everyone should just stick with Klingon. It was good enough or Shakespeare it should be good enough for you.
@eyeofsauron28127 ай бұрын
The story in itself doesn't make sense. If god created humans to rule the earth and wanted them to be "good people" then why the fck would he seperate them and create chaos and thus thousands of wars and a bunch of other problems when the humans could have kinda lived happily ever after
@ajaxlewis76644 жыл бұрын
I thought "nimrod" was an insult...
@Marialla.4 жыл бұрын
Bugs Bunny used it as a sarcastic name for Elmer Fudd, because it means "mighty hunter".
@valkeakirahvi4 жыл бұрын
@@Marialla. According to wiktionary the name comes from hebrew root which means 'to rebel'. He's described as a hunter, but it seems it's not what the word means.
@edgarsnake28574 жыл бұрын
Brilliant analysis! Thanks.
@mrvn0002 ай бұрын
Adore this channel!!
@305thief84 жыл бұрын
I'm gonna be honest with you u should check out InspiringPhilosophy's Genesis playlist there are so many things u will miss if you dont rlly read the biblical scholarship. Michael Hieser, Ben Stanhope, John Walton, Sentinel Apologetics go deep into it.
@diskgrinder4 жыл бұрын
That’d be pointless
@305thief84 жыл бұрын
@@diskgrinder Not rlly he seems to read the bible without getting into the scholarship and he doesnt rlly know about the Cultural Context of it.
@AurorXZ4 жыл бұрын
Delighted to hear this-I’m more familiar with the BioLogos/Walton group, but I’ll be sure to check out these other names now! I appreciate the debunking of Christian fundamentalism, but I saw so many equally “fundamentalist” errors in his own assessment of the texts. Critical biblical scholarship has brought such tremendous light to these ancient texts that now even as a skeptic, they feel so much richer and multifaceted than during my days as a fundamentalist.
@305thief84 жыл бұрын
@@AurorXZ Exactly thats what im saying!!! If want try to tell other about this stuff.