(OLD VIDEO) Cellular Respiration and the Mighty Mitochondria

[@AmoebaSisters]

UPDATE: 4/2021 *We've updated this video* ! You can find the updated cellular respiration video here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/m3uci52ZYs-Xr9U But no worries if you prefer this older video as it will remain up! Resources can be used with this old video or the newly updated one. Please read the pinned comment on the updated video to see what has changed. ----------------------- We like to pin clarifications or corrections to our videos. (1) We received an excellent comment regarding the phosphate bond in ATP. So while we- and many biology sources- mention the ATP bond breakdown as an energy releasing event, this can lead to a misconception if just isolating the phosphate bond breaking alone. This is because bond breaking requires energy to be *absorbed* while bond creating *releases* energy. When we say that when the phosphate bond in ATP breaking down (ATP hydrolysis) releases energy, we wish we had been more clear that this involves many events, including the breaking and reforming of bonds. We should clarify the entire ATP hydrolysis process itself is considered an energy releasing, exergonic process. (2) We do wish we had been more clear stating that the Krebs cycle "'indirectly" requires oxygen" instead of just stating it "requires oxygen" ---as we do not want to imply that oxygen is a reactant in the Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle). While oxygen is not a reactant for the Krebs Cycle, the oxidation steps of the Krebs Cycle cannot occur without the presence of oxygen. (Thus, the Krebs Cycle is considered an aerobic process) Reference Source: OpenStax cnx.org/contents/GFy_h8cu@10.120:weAHBat1@7/Oxidation-of-Pyruvate-and-the-

[@wingednotepad]

genuine kudos to you both for mentioning this and keeping it updated despite this video being 5 years old your dedication to helping make science easier to understand is incredible and much appreciated

[@Freshprince0619]

@@wingednotepad class act indeed

[@hookerbob1]

Amoeba Sisters Ivy

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Amoeba Sisters wat

[@DoctorTopper]

The link doesn't work

[@momn.n7354]

when it takes less than ten minutes to finally understand what my professor couldn't in over an hour... Thanks much!

[@alisabethfiamingo4744]

Tsunderessi za

[@saipothermia]

Oh my gosh. That's so true. We have 1 and a half hour of Zoology Lecture and we can't even understand a single thing.... :'(

[@طبيبةبإذنالله-ص5ج]

Tsunderessi our teachers are so Boring😒 they explain for themseleves😤😱 this vidéo save my lifeeee 😍😍😍😍😍😍

[@chiesaki]

YES

[@sylviawitkowski8917]

Yas!!!! These videos save everything

[@ellejohnston3479]

Switching from my extremely complicated and down-right boring textbook to this was like a breath of fresh air

[@clover_leaf_3889]

when u have a college biology test tomorrow and you're studying with the same animations you watched in middle school

[@baldisgaming6491]

yup

[@sethwiddow7518]

Yeppp

[@elliott3432]

Bruh, this is in college? Im in honors bio for 9th grade and im trying to cram it all in 😂

[@fatimahalahmed8557]

Exaaacccctlyyyyy

[@alexandria.medits]

@@elliott3432 same

[@andreigrigoras5264]

I AM A TEACHER AND THIS CHANEL SAVED ME ...MAY THE ATP BE WITH YOU ALWAYS

[@himanshubhushandubey6446]

"May the ATP be with you" is the most rad biology/Star Wars crossover reference ever. My mission in life now is to use it in every social situation possible.

[@skyelandess3435]

if anyone still needs simple steps of cellular respiration (they talk so fast haha) glycolysis - cytoplasm- sugar+02 makes H20+ATP 1. atp converts glucose into pyruvate 2. makes 2 atp and nadh krebs cycle - mitochondria - sugar+02 makes co2, h20 and atp 1. pyruvate made into acytol a = nadh 2. acytol oxodized which makes co2, atp, fadh, nadh etc - mitochondria 1. electrons go from nadh and fadh to electron carriers 2. electrons make proton gradient 3. protons power ATP synthase which adds phosphates and adp to make atp 4. oxygen accepts electrons and combines 2 h protons to make h20

[@caylenj6797]

i'm pretty sure pyruvate gets oxidized into acetyl coa

[@Helloknight]

OH DEAR GOD THANK YOU.

[@bothbarebearsfanlolz345]

Yo true G thanks my dude

[@abbigailsimmons41]

thank you so much

[@paulac.8597]

Wow thanksss

[@aislinnmccourt7304]

This is the first video that actually helped me understand cellular respiration

[@AmoebaSisters]

+Aislinn McCourt So glad to hear that---it's definitely complex! :D

[@katelyons8098]

Hmmm. A protein complex? haha

[@parulaggarwal9405]

Aislinn McCourt so true

[@mike2010143]

@@AmoebaSisters I have a question since long time I would like your help here, So the Mitochondrial damage is it linked directly to the Nasal respiration ? if there is an issue with nasal respiration is damaged does Mitochindria respiration gets damaged too ?

[@grantjohnson4810]

@@mike2010143 If you are referring to nasal respiration as in "breathing", then (if I am interpreting your question correctly) yes. When you cannot breathe, you cannot get oxygen, which is critical to the mitochondrial respiration process. Lack of oxygen => electrons are not removed from the end of the mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain => ETC basically gets in a "traffic jam" (electrons stop moving along it) => no H+ ions are pumped across the inner membrane => the H+ concentration gradient across the membrane equalizes => ATP no longer diffuses through ATP synthase => ATP generation grinds to a halt That said, if you have reduced lung function (due to, say, COPD or asthma) it does not damage your other cells' mitochondria... it just reduces the amount of oxygen they have to work with. Hope that helps :)

[@joshpatra]

What I learned: The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell.

[@Sleestiq]

good job

[@vardhinikarun2086]

Who is cramming for a test ?

[@shaunabolton4650]

Me

[@coolbeans8776]

Me at the moment 🤧

[@Solbashio]

Boku

[@lilydang9604]

Me

[@johnlink4253]

Me, finals week fml

[@jeanpaulcoiron6607]

Wow, this actually made sense to me. Took my school a week to, and you did it in 8 minutes. I wish youll be making the same type of videos when im taking complex college coarses

[@Noor-bk1on]

Trust me, I am taking complex college courses and this HELPS TONS still

[@coolcaleb33YT]

I came here to study for my biology test tomorrow

[@Ro-np1ed]

Caleb Jackson Good Luck:)

[@Procuredgarments]

Came here for an exam i have in 6 hours

[@juliakochersperger9677]

Good luck on your test tomorrow! =)

[@zolo3728]

Caleb Jackson same

[@Bolaodunlami]

sameee. my test is tm

[@helix3546]

this is 5 hour long lessons of content covered in about 7 minutes.

[@DerpDerp27]

He made this comment 1 year ago, how about you shut up!

[@Andy-km1xp]

Derp Derp right lol

[@cypi6210]

@@TheWSYNkatevy153 WHAT IS YOUR DEFINITION OF EDGY

[@dominicd4246]

@@TheWSYNkatevy153 stfu

[@Starry_Night_Sky7455]

Do mean that you were procrastinating for 5 hours, then found this video to learn the concept in 7 minutes?

[@AmoebaSisters]

Libzy, to answer your question, yes this also happens in plants! Since plant cells are eukaryotes, this video applies to them exactly as well as animal cells. Like animal cells, cellular respiration for plants also happens in the mitochondria. The equation is exactly the same as well. What can be confusing is that plants are also doing photosynthesis at the same time and using their chloroplasts for that.

[@zeldaboo_]

+Amoeba Sisters did you put the triforce there on purpose?

[@143hisham]

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[@anumotion]

Amoeba Sisters please add glycolysis whole process too!!!!!!☺☺☺☺ any way it's nice

[@evtreexiii6868]

Thats not very nice

[@Ath3nx_2]

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[@jennabrea25]

Who else's teacher making watch this from home? Though this makes a whole lot more sense than a teacher. Thanks Amoeba Sisters!

[@hinariyua4113]

I kinda feel..... bad for those who didn't understand the lesson from their Teacher Thank goodness Amoeba Sisters are here

[@josephinelandgraf3128]

Thanks for this very nice explanation. My son passed away at the age of 9months supposedly due to a mitochondrial disorder in complex 1. Your video helped me to understand where the issue might have been laying. #careforrare 💪🏻

[@Mia-tl3ey]

When your bio teacher doesn’t teach you so you come to yt

[@maijathrontveit6234]

The absolute EASIEST way to learn something is by watching these videos. They're so cute and entertaining, it makes it easy! THANK YOU SO MUCH

[@NoahNTG]

Cramming for a test gang where you at? 😂😂

[@X1gE3]

Noah NTG lmao yeah

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Noah NTG Today at 7am Non major bio

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The gang never fades it is only replaced...

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right here yo

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Here i am!!!

[@aliciakay6555]

Thank you so much for creating such a descriptive video that was only 7 minutes !! My bio teacher tried to teach us it for 90 minutes, but literally NO ONE in my class understood it. His choices of words were super confusing, and so was his drawing. This channel literally tricks me into learning information, but tbh, i luv it !! I understand literally EVERYTHING !! Thank u for keeping ur videos short and sharp, and also making ur words clear and informative. This is what i call a lifesaver !!

[@coolproductionsco.480]

Who’s here because your teacher sent you here?

[@boomonster7064]

M E

[@xzavierspencer9906]

me doing this since its a missing assignment

[@marc4010]

Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell

[@nadamohamed2824]

I'm here because I don't understand anything from my professor.

[@neko-kun1317]

Gay lol

[@manaralghamdi4700]

I would like to thank you for making this amazing channel. I'm a biology teacher, and I can't describe how helpful your channel was for me. Thank you

[@AmoebaSisters]

mnar alghamdi Thank you so much for the positive feedback!!

[@aboutdunn]

This channel is my go-to resource for AP Biology! It takes complicated textbook topics and connects it all with a big picture and engaging visuals. Thank you!

[@catsrwonderful]

when you have a paper due tomorrow which you haven't started...this is a life saver

[@catsrwonderful]

yeah it's been seven hours I still haven't started it...

[@danilevy1714]

Damnnn just learned more in 7 minutes than i did in hours of research

[@ralphy3393]

Seriously a huge help! Y'all explain terms and context so clearly! And the fun/comical tone keeps me engaged! Thanks sisters!

[@AmoebaSisters]

This topic is now part of our Unlectured Series! More info here: www.amoebasisters.com/unlectured Also, we appreciate feedback on our videos and pin clarifications on our videos if needed. We do wish we had been more clear stating that the Krebs cycle "'indirectly" requires oxygen" instead of just stating it "requires oxygen" ---as we do not want to imply that oxygen is a reactant in the Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle). While oxygen is not a reactant for the Krebs Cycle, the oxidation steps of the Krebs Cycle cannot occur without the presence of oxygen. (Thus, the Krebs Cycle is considered an aerobic process) Reference Source: OpenStax cnx.org/contents/GFy_h8cu@10.120:weAHBat1@7/Oxidation-of-Pyruvate-and-the-

[@kevindochtermann5019]

Q

[@iluvleo]

great video was really helpful thank you

[@Sarah_Sauruss]

This video and the photosynthesis video was very helpful. Can you make a video based on Photosynthesis vs Cellular Respiration.

[@tustisarngnadtha7120]

This is funny

[@bob34258]

Question. During the Glycolysis step you said there is a net yield of 2 atp and 2 NADH From converting glucose into pyruvate. Then in the next slide it says "there is a initial conversion of pyruvate into Acetoyl-Coa which contributes another 2 NADH. Does that mean before Krebs cycle starts you have 4 NADH? 2 from the Glucose conversion into Pyruvate and 2 from the conversion of Pyruvate into Acetoyl-CoA?

[@anonymouspie8660]

Amoeba Sisters are the only biology channel I'll watch cause they teach in such an interesting, entertaining, and simple way to understand the topics. :D

[@daintyduck8517]

Finally I understand about cellular respiration, my teacher never taught me about this but only gave us a video which we had to take notes on and make a project which is due soon, I never understood because she would go talk to her friends, that are teachers, and we didn't even how to do it. The project was never explained directly which is why this video helped me so much, I also have testing for this whole week which is putting a lot of stress to me considering I have to study.

[@stevenchambers8056]

Thank you Amoeba sisters. We have a big test tomorrow on Cellular Respiration. No matter how much help I got from my teacher, I just could not understand it. I was surfing the web, hoping for something that would help me understand the material so that I won't bomb the test. I came upon this channel, and I remember the teacher showing other of your videos to the entire class, and I can remember them really helping me and my classmates understand. That is exactly what happened today. I now understand everything more than I even thought than I could. Thank you for making these videos. I hope that you can reach 100,000 subscribers. Good luck for future videos and reaching 100k subscribers. You are the key for my success in Biology so far.

[@oliviahope3424]

Your videos save me every time there's a bio test! I can always remember your cute little drawings when answering the questions. You're a life saver, and have quite a talent! Thank you :)

[@LindaW1]

I am a forty-year-old woman who recently went back to college, I am in General Biology. It feels sad but I have to come here often to have a greater understanding of the most important things in Biology. Sometimes I feel extra dumb for having to come to a kid based video but it really helps, Thanks!

[@birdrat2656]

you should

[@sexymilf1116]

a pizza pieya shut up

[@aceanonymoos6421]

Nice Legend of Zelda reference. I used it in my class and my teacher didn't think that video games could teach anything until now. Keep up the good work.

[@AmoebaSisters]

+Austin Alexander (Pastapanman) Petunia completely agrees with you on how awesome video games can be---she is the gamer of the two of us. Thanks so much!!

[@cindym.2384]

:)

[@HudsonDiTomaso]

I got kicked out of Biology class for pointing that out!

[@Starry_Night_Sky7455]

@@HudsonDiTomaso Kicked out? Wow, you must have scared the hell out of your teacher. Was the teacher in serious fear their job was at stake? OMG, if the kid can learn without me, I'm toast??? That? Ha ha ha.

[@calloftheseal6917]

Online classes suck, but it's much better when my assignment for the day is watching this video and writing down what I learned. Great video!

[@jakelawless6286]

After learning this, i clicked on this video to refresh and get another viewpoint. Very vaccurate and easy to understand. I'd say START HERE for learning celluar respiration and glycosis.

[@Anonymous-kd5qx]

The art has honestly improved so much... Thank you for being so considerate and helping out the confused community!

[@upintheclouds8036]

Thank youuuu. I wish that this video was up back when I needed it in 9th and 10th grade. I am so happy it's up now. These videos are so simple, cute and informative. Your efforts have not been wasted. Thank you again.♥

[@roseungang4639]

D

[@trynnabeuseful]

really fabulous and ridiculous that you can make people understand long theory in such cool way under 10 mins, yet teachers and textbook make it sound so hard and impossible to under, thank you

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I love your videos! It helps my class understand complicated concepts because of the way you break each point down. Thank you so much!

[@brittanyrakhmonova2295]

Thank you so much Amoeba Sisters for your amazing videos. They are so informative and I don't know how I would learn for my regents class without you. Keep teaching and helping all of us. So so thankful❤️ Btw, if anyone thinks that the video goes too fast, make it 0.75 speed and everything is perfect. 🤪

[@thetitaniumwoman5561]

My teacher showed me your videos.. they are very helpful.. thank you so much. 😊

[@AmoebaSisters]

Isabel Olosoni Thank your teacher for us, Isabel! :D

[@Vulvasaurrr]

Ive been studying the whole process overnight and I didnt get the whole process. Thank heavens I found this video. Now I understand everything.

[@CMDonovann]

"easy bake ATP oven".... that's pretty hilarious tbh

[@rosiepena8917]

I know....whoever writes the content is pretty hilarious

[@mohammedk.7887]

not very funny no offense

[@Sir_Bob]

@@mohammedk.7887 The original comment... was made five years ago... they're probably not even around to be offended anymore...

[@harrison1153]

@@Sir_Bob that got deep geez man

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Damn dude

[@tommyshelby12]

I just wanna THANK YOU and wanna appreciate as well for wonderfully presenting the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

[@xoxosh4826]

OMFG i love you! I spent so much time with my textbook trying to understand and i didnt get it at all! I understand it so much better after watching this video. THANK YOU!

[@Par6731]

same

[@alyssaj6482]

xoxosh saaaame

[@alondraperez1810]

xoxosh Sameeeee

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We are going to have to ban you due to swearing

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Just wanna say thank you! I was about to drop my class because I just could not understand anything but after watching some of your videos I finally got it!

[@hateitself8033]

0:45 TRI FORCE FROM LEGEND OF ZELDA OH MY GOSH HOW ARE YOU GUYS THIS COOL.

[@AmoebaSisters]

+Scooter Dracon Hahaha, Petunia is a serious fan. We love it when people get our references---thank you!! :D

[@colehughey8802]

+Amoeba Sisters how dare you steal my triforce🙅🙅🙅🙅🙅🙅🙅🙅🙅🙅🙅🙅🙅🙅🙅🙅

[@daz9541]

I have a unit 2 test tomorrow and I'm trying to cramp everything. These vids always help me I'm so grateful for this channel.

[@echo1789]

POV: you came to the comments to see if anyone else came to this video because your teacher made you

[@michellesolomon5089]

Wow. I'm a senior level college student and you made me fall in love with medical sciences even more than I already thought possible. Through cartoons! Thank you :)

[@RyanEmeryLovesCars]

I actually stumbled upon this channel by accident, but I'm SO glad I did. You explain stuff SO much better than my college Biology teacher. Subscribed! P.S. I love the animations

[@lilskipit]

Have an exam in 3.5 days and your videos make the process of learning so much easier!

[@sarahpenwell5055]

aww such cute drawings but not only are they cute but they are informative yay

[@AmoebaSisters]

Sarah Penwell Thank you, Sarah! We're so glad you enjoyed them!

[@nadd10]

Sarah Penwell no

[@jenniferesquivel2889]

Thanks for these videos, way more interesting and informative than my college professor's lecture videos! Added bonus, I frequently find my children, 10, 4, & 2 years old, watching them with me... Little scientists in the making.

[@kevinh8857]

Teacher-takes over an hour to go over these Me-flunks... Video-We got u 7 minutes worth Me-passes

[@lightermcqueet3977]

You guys are probably the best channel on youtube in terms of explaining things simply.

[@bluestar1908]

0:43 Triforce! And at 0:54 Link! Thanks for the vid, it's really helpful :)

[@bobbygrey8174]

Your videos are helping me out so much. The way you guys explain it makes it so much easier to learn. Thanks

[@davidrhoads929]

Thank you! I have a lab on this tomorrow. Perfect timing.

[@summerowens7150]

Thank you Amoeba Sisters for making Biology so much easier to understand! I was lost and confused and now I get it!

[@RachelBonura]

1. glycolysis - cytoplasm - broken bond creates energy, converted to ADP - 2 net ATP and 2 NADH (coenzyme) used to convert ATP into pyruvate 2. Citric Acid Cycle - mitochondria - requires oxygen - pyruvate converted to Acetyl-CoA - produces 2 ATP molecules, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2 - transfers electrons to make more ATP 3. Electron Transport Chain - mitochondria - requires oxygen - electrons from NADH and FADH2 sent to electron carriers to create a proton gradient - powers ATP synthase which creates ATP which adds phosphate to ADP - produces around 32-34 ATP product: water, ATP i just did this for me but you can use it too probably

[@boop7784]

Thx i couldnt find where glycosis happened 😅

[@anaas6091]

Oh how much Amoeba sisters make MCAT topics so much easier for me

[@samibenchaaboun4953]

My teacher saying "I am beginning to like the Amoeba Sisters" Me in my head thinking of how to make the Amoeba Sisters look bad to my teacher

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im just sooooooo thankful this vid showed up on time :,>

[@hamlover4209]

I know I’ll be the only commenter for the foreseeable future, but wouldn’t it be cool if AS went back and remastered old videos with more facts and animations, while still keeping the old ones so we could see how they grew as a channel?

[@Aspect1223]

thank you you helped me so much with my schoolwork.

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Your videos are so awesome!!! BIOLOGY NEVER LOOKED CUTER!

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I wish I could hug you!! My teacher is foreign and has a hard time explaining. This saved me

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This is the difference of my science teacher lazy in lesson,while they can explain it under 10 mins

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I love this channel so much! Fun animations, essential explanations, and inspirational teacher!

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Thank you so much!!! This helped me SOOOO much! I like the tri-force analogy to!

[@CrispyBacon-cv5wr]

WELL I FROCKING HATE IT

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My bio teacher has been out for the past two months and we are still expected to take the exam tomorrow. This has helped a lot. Wish me luck!

[@Trippik]

online school gang

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Honestly if this channel wasn't her and these videos weren't here I don't think I would have passed my bio final. Thankyou for making these videos and I hope you continue them

[@elliotdavis9996]

880 thousand teachers are subscribed to this channel

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I love your videos so much!! They are so helpful!! They are so cute and amazingly helpful!! My 7th grade science teacher uses your videos to introduce our topics and we all love it

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This got all my homework done so i like it

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Was really useful....I just checked out 6 to 7 videos but I did not understood any thing....but this one got worked for me... Thanks a lot

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Why do our teachers love assigning this like 6 years later

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This is an amazing video to help my daughter who has anxiety when she has tests and Adhd. Thanks so much for these videos!! ❤❤

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:) You guys do such an amazing job.

[@AmoebaSisters]

lilyrosedaisy2003 Thanks so much- we really love making these!

[@VinCactus]

You're probably the best educational channel they show in school that I've ever watched. Good job.

[@DrReginaldFinleySr]

Awesome again. Thank you! :-)

[@wintergreen1784]

thank you for the beautiful and funny & illustrative graphics- so helpful in understanding this topic. also love your voice; it really is helping me stay calm to try to think & process all this

[@pantalone7633]

0:12 "stay away, you hot, yellow rays of death!" A WHOLE MOOD ;0

[@sammina5736]

my teacher explained it in a difficult way and I want to learn it the easy and fun way because I'm a visual learner and this- THIS IS SUPPER EFFICIENT!!!!

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I dont know why im here, i don't know who I am, all I know is the mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell

[@아인슈페너_ein_Famer]

Thank you for your great lecture. I can't find another teacher, because of your explanation is perfect for me.

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THIS IS SO CUTE AND HELPFUL

[@MA-rc2eo]

Thank you for being clear and concise. Your video is a reminder to me I took this stuff in more depth detail in my high school 14 years ago.

[@libzyloo6695]

I understand Aerobic respiration in animals but not in plants! Does it happen in the mitochondria still? And what is the word equation for aerobic respiration in plants? Sorry I have science mocks coming up and am really struggling to understand this! Love you're video!! :D

[@mikemahan9806]

These videos are so awesome!! Have the DAT coming up so it's nice to learn and get a little laugh every once in a while to keep me sane! You ladies are the real deal! Keep making videos so I can keep WANTING to learn more!

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who's here cramming for finals

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ur not alone my guy

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Your voice is therapy for me at this point.

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Who's here because quarantine sucks??

[@emptysama1197]

me😂i have literally an occean of boring classes yet im here eating while watching

[@liz221]

@Mimi Han well this is 5 months later. how'd you do on it?

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Amoeba sisters, I want to appreciate your work. You guys are doing a great job in explanation of biological concepts. I absolutely adore you.😊

[@TwinKids3895]

Joy from Inside Out got her own youtube channel

[@sketchygetchey8299]

Y'all are saving my life! Anatomy and Physiology is hard as heck! THANK YALL!!!

[@ambermeisner5583]

Could you guys please start to make an answer sheet to your worksheets?!??! Thank you!!!!

[@atomiccrown6917]

I find that you’re vids literally sum up a unit in like an hour