283 ‒ Gut health & the microbiome: improving and maintaining the microbiome, probiotics, & more

[@PeterAttiaMD]

In this episode, we discuss: 0:00:34 - Colleen’s background and current focus 0:03:08 - The basics of the microbiome 0:12:37 - The study of the human microbiome 0:17:42 - Categories of bacteria, and the implications on health of the rapid evolution of bacteria 0:27:51 - Methods for measuring and understanding the microbiome, and key indicators of microbiome health 0:39:52 - The important role of fiber for promoting gut health through the production of butyrate 0:47:21 - The case for manipulating gut bacteria via fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) 0:53:25 - Dynamics of the microbiome: the gut-brain connection and how antibiotics, nutrition, stress, and more impact the microbiome's diversity and function 0:59:16 - Factors that influence the vaginal microbiome 1:03:46 - The effect of gut microbes on obesity and challenges with fecal transplants in people 1:06:25 - Beneficial strains of gut bacteria and strains commonly found in probiotics 1:16:35 - The difference between a probiotic and prebiotic, and how CFUs are a measure of the “active ingredient” 1:21:47 - Considerations about how probiotic strains are produced, and more on the meaning of CFU 1:31:12 - Mitigating the effect of antibiotics on the microbiome 1:39:58 - What do we know about the effect of artificial sweeteners on the gut microbiome? 1:47:02 - Why Akkermansia is a keystone strain with implications for metabolic health and an individual’s response to dietary interventions 1:58:14 - The essential steps necessary to develop a robust probiotic for optimal health support 2:01:45 - How Akkermansia helps control blood glucose, and potential implications of Akkermansia in weight loss, diabetes management, and more 2:22:46 - Pendulum Therapeutics’ commitment to rigorous product develop 2:29:54 - Details about the probiotic “Glucose Control” and other probiotics developed by Pendulum Therapeutics 2:38:43 - Further studies of Akkermansia that have been proposed or are underway

[@SPIGON1000]

Por favor:Activen la transcripcion del video para poder descargar en escrito lo tratado en el video. Gracias ¡¡¡¡

[@dancevids23]

How was your A1c after as a nondiabetic using glucose control?

[@esgee3829]

14:25 phages in animal mucus protect against bacterial infection; hsv1 primes nk cells to recognize cancer cells, etc. so, i would say, yes, there are "good viruses" or viruses that do benefit animals and humans.

[@Renatus_Eruditus]

​@@esgee3829sensing TWiV vibes here

[@fBrunPeressin]

thank you Peter!

[@bro7269]

It really surprises me how many people choose to complain while given free information.

[@sharonphillips3700]

Right. And if someone is working for free and giving free advice, they have the right to share their products that would help people with the problems that those listening probably have!

[@dawnhabeck6364]

I second that!!!! We are or are not receiving consolidated information from the world's finest and I choose to receive it and be quite grateful!!!

[@MarshalGerman-sc6bc]

My theory is some people are professional complainers (complainitis) and are deficient in the mifrobiome that flips their switch to reduce or stop their chronic complainitis 😉

[@Lise-ss8qw]

Exackly ​@@dawnhabeck6364

[@joevs-tb5iw]

The modern world is insane.

[@skyyy1977]

Ok Colleen is one of the clearest most precise most engaging biomedical science people I’ve ever heard. And the Hyena story at around 22:00 is a great story but serious Peter doesn’t even crack a smile 😂

[@niranjanpaul2176]

Ha ha 😀 he's actually a nice stern guy

[@anthonycho6344]

He probably found it funny but didn’t want to get sidetracked because he didn’t want to keep her for four hours.

[@robertoisripped7455]

He said cool story bro ; next topic.

[@Alphacentauri819]

@@robertoisripped7455not even close…if you are even at all aware of microbiome studies, enzymatic processes, epigenetics and more…you’d see the value in the story. Also, in regards to a “cool story bro”…Peter had that moment telling about his high school biology…the moment she basically was saying “what’s your point”…so, introspection and metacognition might be a good route for you to take

[@Nona-jn3fg]

I liked the story and I wondered if the hyena introduced a new microbiome to the subject and I wonder how he is now.

[@endgamefond]

Peter is among top lists pod on health along with Huberman. I like his structured questions. Keep it up, sir. Thank you

[@whiskerske3218]

This was awesome! I learned so much! Colleen was easy to listen to, she spoke clearly and intellectually. I especially loved learning how she built her company, the ups and downs one must go through for any kind of success. I wish her total success and I am going to her website right after this!

[@kazoz3520]

"E. coli" = the species "Escherichia coli", written with the genus name "Escherichia" abbreviated (to E.). Therefore "E. coli" is not a strain (serotype) name, but the species name (the majority of which are not pathogenic). The strains are classified into serogroups & serotypes by antigens (O (somatic) , H (flagellar), K (capsular), F (fimbrial)), eg E. coli strain O104:H4.

[@MYOB2023]

Cancer survivor here (CDH1 mutation) and I recently started focusing on a diet high in butyrates. My ulcerative colitis flares have dramatically gone down in frequency and severity. I swear it has improved the quality of my life!

[@MYOB2023]

@@Annzy99 I had ovarian and then lobular breast with a double mastectomy and lymph dissection last year. Did they rule out a genetic mutation for you? Supplements I take: garlic, cinnamon, tumeric, selenium, multi, ashweganda, artichoke, B and D, melatonin and CBD. I eat almonds, Greek yogurt, peanut butter, spinach, chickpeas and cheddar cheese for gut health! For the butyrate you have butter, peanut butter and whole wheat bread! Good luck and hope you see a difference in your gut! Edited to add that I also take a mushroom complex tablet!

[@dinomiles7999]

Pro biotic, pre biotic s , digestive enzymes.

[@Alphacentauri819]

Butyrate is absolutely so important…so happy it’s helping you!

[@MYOB2023]

​@@Alphacentauri819 Between that and supplements added to my diet... Noticable difference! Highly recommend to anyone facing risk of recurrence!

[@Anthonyinkz]

You mean butter?

[@AlbertCovelli]

Inspiring! I struggled with gut issues for many years have been a fan of the BioGaia and Biotiquest products (with their history of research), and this Pendulum story is next level! It's incredibly exciting that the Microbiome is getting the mainstream attention it deserves.

[@MoniqueElwell]

Hello!! I know Martha (biotquest) and her products really are top notch. Colleen validated a lot of what Martha taught me.

[@eliteboxfitness]

Excellent information. Very well illuminated by colleen. Also like that she knows what she doesn't know and is confident in sharing what she does know

[@richardnorris7948]

Excellent! Colleen is so righteous. Humble, frank,knowledgeable, brilliant. One comment, at 1:38:24, Peter talks about what he would do now after antibiotics which is load up on fiber by eating lots of salad and fruit. That’s not going to cut it. The highest fiber plant foods are white beans with 19 g per cup Followed by most other kinds of beans and lentils, avocados have 13 g per hundred grams and then seeds such as Chia and flax, then acorn squash and green peas. Most fruits and salad have too high a water content to contain much fiber per 100gms. So after antibiotic… eat beans! Probably best to start with small quantities and build up.

[@juderickman8275]

Thanks. I had major dental surgery five days ago and am in the middle of a course of antibiotics but have to be on a soft diet. So refried beans it is.

[@anitaparker9831]

The books, “Herbal Antivirals,”, and “Herbal Antibiotics“ , by Stephen Buhner, gave me a great understanding of how bacteria lives, and recreates itself according to its environment. Everyone should read it.

[@MoniqueElwell]

Thank you! I will.

[@paulashaham6282]

I like his books and have those books. Stephen Harold Buhner is a wonderful author!

[@jeffreyharrison4045]

Loved, loved, loved the episode! Thanks for the collaboration!

[@jeanne8264]

I listen everything that I can find about the gut health lately, I’m a lean person and people think that I’m so happy with myself but I struggle with overeating and bloating, basically with huge metabolism problems. I’m so shocked that we start learning things and researching actually only recently ! This shows us how undeveloped we are as society omg !

[@doyteo2476]

A very insightful session , given the complexity of our gut micro biome. It is just the dawn of an explosion of insights yet to be uncovered .

[@marcedlein3401]

Fantastic Pod!!! Wow.!!! So much to take in. Love Pendulum’s integrity and rigor.

[@carolhemingway2793]

Remember, As Colleen herself reveals at the end of the podcast, and very briefly, with no discussion, that for80-85% of the participants, her product Did Not Colonize!!! Which means you have to always buy and consume her product to get any benefit

[@fpypnts]

I think it’s also important to think about a further scientific question which would be: how long would you have to take it to colonize X amount of people. And like Peter suggested, what kind of diet/fiber intake might promote colonization

[@Lacostanico]

55:23 That is just f ing mindblowing...wow!....I dont think people is paying that much attention to that point. It really can be a turning point about everything we think we know regarding behaviour and human psychology...

[@karthikesh37]

Indeed. This is what got me obsessed with the gut science. I'm more excited to hear about what the future research has got to say about this.

[@elizabethblackwell6242]

I have my doubts about the claims about the microbiome. Here's why: I went on the Australian CSIRO microbiome diet for 350 days (2016) in the hope it would help with autoimmune response. Had my gut microbiome (faeces) tested by the American Gut Project at the beginning and then at the end. There was almost no discernible difference in gut bacteria between start of diet and end of diet. I was eating "high prebiotic foods" containing fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), and trans-galacto-oligosaccharides (TOS) such yogurt, kefir, kombucha, sauerkraut, pickles, miso, tempeh, houmous, kimchi and some cheeses. Very little change to gut bacteria but huge change to autoimmune response in that it got worse. Had my first full blown lupus attack since diagnosis 8 years before on this diet.

[@joojoobss]

Oh wow that's so interesting to hear. I'm also curious where you procured and how you ate these items as I think that makes a difference. Meaning, example most of the yogurt and sauerkraut purchased from big grocery stores are pasteurized. Or even heating kimchi up past 120 degrees kills most of the probiotics. But regardless it is still very interesting to hear all these food didn't make a difference for you 😢 bc I also have autoimmune issues

[@mariemonn8912]

Where did you get the fermented food? Research shows the stuff on the shelves don’t have what they say. .. no good bacteria on the food or in the probiotic…

[@lmyers9999]

Vit D controls the immune system… some of the microbiome won’t change under a Vit D deficiency and most respond with just optimal Vit D of 80ng- 100ng and your immune system will settle down and be selective again

[@lmyers9999]

You would need to also normalize B vitamins which will happen with optimal Vit D if you seed in with a b 50 complex - Vit d can be raised quickly with huge doses- no problem

[@QWERTZ-NOOB]

Listen to a few podcasts with Mark Pimentel. He has done a lot of microbiome research related to SIBO that might help you to get better insights. The changes in the gut microbiome happen mostly in the small intestinal microbiome, not in the colonic microbiome, so analyses of the faecal microbiome are essentially a useless waste of time.

[@mayfar4961]

I improved my health in general since i started eating whole food. If I crave for sugar I eat fruits with respect to the variety.

[@solarlass5807]

Me too!!! I stopped three things: processed foods, sugar and all grain products. Just saying stop three things can sound simple, but it's not. My sweet go-to is plain greek yogurt, a sprinkle of cinnamon, berries and nuts. 😁

[@JuanaLove6931]

I worked for a surgeon/genius in 1989 and told me he in the past saved a man's life from this deadly lack of biome by serving him a stool shake to drink. It worked, and he acted as if he even came up with this idea of stool reintroduced to the entire gut. Crazy we have so much still to learn...

[@Sidandemily5423]

Implanted into the rectum not drink?

[@babyboltbark]

Wtf

[@aquarising8681]

I was fortunate to have ppl around me that ate a diverse variety of fruits vegetables and herbs. I value eating this way. This episode has highlighted many reasons to stay focused on my diet as well as medication effectiveness, stress, travel stress etc… knowledge is powerful and transformational. Thank u 🙏🏼💜✨

[@geauxp]

Well, when I was a teenager, I ate pretty much only carbs when left to myself, which was mostly and I can say that since I was 15 years old, I’ve always been embarrassed by my big stomach until six years ago when I started low-carb and reversed my diabetes.

[@lmyers9999]

And with no millions of dollars lol

[@lmyers9999]

Congrats!!

[@bardsamok9221]

It would be extremely valuable for a show like this to deep dive on the interaction between cytokines and the microbiome. This is massive. Ideally someone who's taken a very wide ranging cytokine dataset (not just tye usual suspects) during a microbiome study that uses a higher standard of genetic sequencing on the biota than the weaker studies. This is potentially one of the greatest avenues in biology as it affects the entire body and brain. Those studies are out there and the information from the better methodological studies (,newer the better usually,) is excellent and groundbreaking. Has to be experienced with wider cytokine datasets than the older microbiome studies, and also the higher standard of sequencing microbiota (old ones are poor quality).

[@ParanoidBishop]

Eating polyphenol rich foods (colourful fruits & veggies, cocoa etc|), will help cultivate akkermansia, and also, provide lots of other beneficial health synergies. Will be buying the pendulum product once it is available in the UK.

[@carolhemingway2793]

Remember, Colleen herself says, in the last few minutes, and very briefly, that for 80-85% of participants her product Did Not Colonize!!! Thus means you have to continue taking is as long as you hope to get any benefit.

[@inthevortex-de1rh]

​Better change your bad eating habits and you can reverse type 2 diabetes 😮

[@carrievanderhoff]

Fascinating podcast regarding the human microbiome! Now I have to narrow down which probiotic is the correct one for me to order. I am convinced that their company is legitimate based on her persona, educational background and honesty.

[@incaseofamnesia6380]

Just make your kefir and sauerkraut. Boom, actually affordable and alive probiotics.

[@paulevans2246]

What’s the easiest way to make it? Each time I look I ended up thinking it looks too difficult 🤔

[@Vscustomprinting]

This is definitely a scam account. No one should be buy probiotics. At best you have a highly skilled gastroenterologists who can help in certain cases, but those instances are fairly rare.

[@CarnivoreDMD]

Agree, and IF you are convinced, buy fresh refrigerated in dark glass ($50+)....but a reset diet would be easier @@Vscustomprinting

[@carrievanderhoff]

@@Vscustomprinting Wow! I give my honest conclusion and you accuse me of having a scam account! You are completely clueless.

[@user-qm7nw7vd5s]

Finally, an intelligent, non-gimmicky discussion of the micro biome.

[@RLeeErmy]

I was considering trying a probiotic called Seed but I could never get past the subscription part. You couldn't just get a one time purchase to try it. Her company Pendulum has that offered. I think I'm going to give it a try.

[@whiskerske3218]

I tried Seed but it upset my stomach , made me very nauseous, so much I stopped.

[@carolhemingway2793]

Remember, asColleen herself reveals, in the last few minutes, and very briefly with no discussion of the important fact, that for 80-85% of the participants, her product Did Not Colonize--which means that you have to take it consistently to get benefit--stop buying/taking it and the benefit soon leaves the room.

[@prunepoo]

I’m 3 months on. Seed is good stuff.

[@RLeeErmy]

@prunepoo I believe it. I just wasn't ready to commit to a subscription. Just got my first bottle of Akermansia. I feel like maybe I will lean into the idea that this stuff is great but its not going to provide the microbiome diversity that I am looking for. If that happens, I feel like Seed is probably one of the only ones I can trust.

[@Artzimer1958]

I really enjoyed and loved this episode . Never miss an episode thank you Peter ❤

[@jorgedavidfernandez9724]

What a fascinating episode and startup story. Thank you so much for doing this one!

[@angelawilliamson6765]

I love Peter demeanor, so respectful knowledgeable, great guests, all for free!!! Anything got microbiome, im in!! Good luck 🍀 Peter I hope you continue to do well.

[@KyraShalise]

So informative I’m so glad to have access to this. I am so blessed and grateful.

[@anitahernandez1207]

I’m glad you mentioned the point about green powdered drinks. My dad had colon cancer. He was a meat and potatoes guy but not other vegetables. I tried to buy him a green powdered drink mix. Weeks went by and it just sat on that countertop. I never thought to check the fiber content. Those green powders are processed to be liquified but fiber is thick so those drinks don’t have a lot of fiber.

[@Engrave.Danger]

Probably because fiber is an anti-nutrient and there are enough of those preventing absorption of vitamins and minerals in those drinks.

[@anitahernandez1207]

@@Engrave.Danger many of those powdered nutrition drinks are a placebo, unless they are freeze dried or minimally processed. If they are processed with heat, most of the nutrition is gone, which is why they add synthetic vitamins. 💊 So, it’s mostly a mind game with the consumer, thinking they’re getting their nutrition through greens or phytonutrients/enzymes/chlorophyll, etc. but what they’re mostly consuming is an expensive synthetic multivitamin. Humans were created through microbes or bacteria/dirt. There are microbes in plant foods as well as the animals that eat the plant foods. That’s how our body functions and even creates its own vitamins in the micro biome. So, consuming a green powder, drink that omits those microbes through its processing, can create antibodies and other types of zombie cells, which is why there are so many new types of diseases in the last 100 years compared to thousands of years in the past. There is not enough of the other nutrients to make much of an impact because there’s no way they can put those nutrients such as milk thistle, coenzyme Q10, etc, along with the green nutrients in that one scoop of powder. Fiber makes butyrate in the body and that is very important. Protein or meat can also create butyrate, but some people need a little bit more nutrition.

[@Engrave.Danger]

@@anitahernandez1207 yeah, processed plant products caused the chronic health issues and now people are looking for more processed plants to resolve it. 🤦‍♂️ I'm not buying into the butyrate thing. All of the things it's said to be good for have improved since I cut out fiber. The push to go plant based just keeps coming up with more B.S. propaganda every time something doesn't hold water.

[@anitahernandez1207]

@@Engrave.Danger who said anything about a plant-based agenda? I’m omnivore. Some individuals have different metabolic conditions and require certain types of temporary diets. I don’t know what was going on with your system, which required you to cut back on fiber. Your system may change again in a few years. An interesting point in that discussion was that the experiments on humans with transporting feces (yuck) 💩 didn’t work the way they hoped because peoples Microbiome can be like their fingerprint.

[@QWERTZ-NOOB]

The health benefits of fiber have actually never been proven at all.

[@ice32000]

Excellent show Colleen please do more appearances and put this information about the differences in your products on your website. I didn’t ever understand that your glucose control product was meant for people that weren’t consuming sugar and I’ve been a customer of yours for years

[@ConsiderItHealth]

I definitely learned a bit from this, so thank you Peter and Colleen for doing this podcast. I appreciated the focus on microbiome function instead of just strain or number. Just a few things I thought may be helpful to note: 1) Fecal transplants- success is not quite 99% like Colleen said, but 80-90% in most published literature. I know her takeway was that it has a high succeess rate. 2) Yogurts- Besides Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria, Streoptococcus thermophilus is also commonly used. 3) Gut Microbiome- besides viruses, bacteria, and fungi, there are also Archaea that we have much to learn about. We at least know Arachea can contribute to a type of SIBO.

[@JacquesTreehorn]

Consider Kefir. Luckily it is easy to find for me in the UAE. I take my evening stack with it right out of the jug.

[@paddy3622]

really, unbelievable information. a 4 year degree in 3 hours about gut health. 😉😉

[@anthonycho6344]

I feel absolutely the same way. I freaking hated Bio AP in grade 12 because of bacteria. Now that hatred is transformed into obsession because of her. Now I’m going to raid Costco for some copious amount of fibre and eat like a cow.

[@kathryndavel283]

Loved this episode--learned of and started metabolic daily (husband and I both did) after listening!

[@runnomore2243]

How does the cleansing for a Colonoscopy affect the microbiome? What are the best steps for post Colonoscopy for restoring microbiome?

[@terrapreta1]

I can't help wondering given the sensitivity of Akkermansia to oxygen, do people who use hyperbaric oxygen therapy lose a ton of their Akkermansia? How much does this impact the gut microbiome?

[@elisartil4341]

A topic that all the OBs I talk to are going crazy about is how the microbiome forms in c-section babies. Plenty of studies finding correlation to psychiatric illness, but unfortunately they're waiting for 5-10 year followups on infant nutrition, what swabbing vaginal fluids on c-section babies does, and if their microbiomes are more of a 'blank slate' than normal deliveries which might leave them more vulnerable to unfavorable environmental exposures.

[@bardsamok9221]

Great comment.

[@healthyteddy]

Years ago I read the blog of a lady called Wellness Mama. She had 5 kids. First few deliveries were vaginal then had to have a c-section. She described how she soaked a small piece of cloth in her vagina and wiped her baby all over, including the face with it. If I remember correctly, it was done behind the back of the doctor for fear of being stopped. She was very knowledgeable what I would call a citizen scientist.

[@marinasmith4772]

My son was delivered by c-section then bottle fed. He has never had GI issues. I on the other hand was delivered naturally and breast fed. I have had a horrible GI since the age of 12. It has gotten worse in my 50s. I think it is the onslaught of antibiotics we are getting that gradually wear our of GI.

[@saraw6710]

I am definitely your number one fan!!! Listen to all “The Drive” podcasts all the time!!! Thank you Peter for doing all this with your brilliant guests too!!!

[@kerrybyers257]

Does gut biome sharing due to proximity explain why family members often present together as obese?

[@marynathan3991]

I am learning a lot of basics here. Gosh it’s so important!

[@normanrubenzer]

please do a podcast on the parkinson gut with its inflamation and how to reduce it?

[@user-eu9rx4fh7xz]

Merci Ashok d'être là pour nous🙏💜

[@barbarab7129]

I studied molecular biology..Spectacular, Cutting edge.

[@Armondahad]

Great episode and big fan of the podcast. Would have loved to hear more about evidence re: whether a probiotic will have a clinically meaningful impact on someone who is healthy, has a low A1C/blood glucose, consumes a healthy diet with plenty of fiber, and consumes probiotic-rich foods (e.g., yogurt, pickled vegetables, etc.)

[@0ptimal]

The microbiome is one of the most fascinating things. Its such an influence in what and how we are. N it looks like in more ways than we imagine.

[@enatp6448]

This is a great interview. Lots of detail. Second time I've watched it. I'm almost 3 months into GLP 1 probiotic. Most notable is getting full faster and some sugar craving reduction. I'll continue on for 6 more months to see if I can get additional benefits. I don't think it's a magic pill. I try to increase daily fibre to maximize benefits. Would love to see an interview with a researcher at Stanford microbiology and immunology lab. Thanks!

[@mirjanacuric-bawden8557]

Yogurt contains lactic acid bacteria but not all yogurts are probiotics. Some are. They label the probiotic strain identity. Examples: Stonyfield YoBaby & quarts, Activia, DanActive, Nancy's yogurt. If the product (yogurt) has labeled strain identity (well documented, reputable strain), it corresponds to effective dose, at the end of shelf life. It is delivered in one serving, or state number of servings needed to deliver effective dose. Some of the mentioned are available in yogurt and supplements. There are other well documented probiotic strains available only as supplements, such as L.reuteri SD2112 (Biogaia) B.infantis 35624 (Align).

[@EVCurious-with-Meta]

Wondering about COVID affect on gut microbiome? I researched and found science that did support the idea that COVID damages gut microbiome. The reason I was looking- mine changed substantially after succumbing to COVID (trip to Ireland).Fixing it with Dr. Will Bulsiewicz's Fiber Fuel 28 day regime and seems to be working. Do you know of this effect of COVID? Are there other recommended protocols? Thank you.

[@Engrave.Danger]

A trip to Ireland and exposure to the food and environment would have altered your microbiome within a couple of days, so that may have been part of it.

[@sophiamogere7828]

We have a gut-lung axis similar to the gut-brain axis, so that could be one of the reasons COVID affects one's gut microbiome.

[@upriver7047]

Thank you very much doctors for this very informative discussion. I'm currently working my way through Dr. Wm. Davis' Super Gut protocol and have been thinking about which way to go next if I don't acheive my goal of diabetes remission. Wheat Belly Total Health saved my heart and carnivore barely moved the scale on diabetes. I will do more research into the Glucose Control product. Really appreciate such a frank discussion. Thank you.

[@evaanthony6729]

You need to join dr.Davis's Inner Circle and following his entire program...to overcome diabetes.

[@dinomiles7999]

Berberine . Your welcome . Any questions?

[@johannesvenezian642]

Akkermansia muciniphila was originally classified as a strictly anaerobic bacterium, but a recent study found that it can tolerate low levels of oxygen, with an oxygen reduction capacity to be 2.26 ± 0.99 mU mg−1 total protein (Ouwerkerk et al., 2017). This property is similar to some intestinal anaerobic colonizers such as Bacteroides fragilis and Bifidobacterium adolescentis, which could still survive after exposure to ambient air for 48 h.

44:53 If “E. coli” is a strain name, what kind of name is “E. coli MG1655”?

[@gocsa]

She was absolutely wrong. E. coli IS the species. And it has different strains. And same thing with Clostridioides difficile. Clostridioides is the genus (just like Escherichia is the genus), Clostridioides difficile is the species. Strains are always a bunch of letters and numbers.

[@mirjanacuric-bawden8557]

Alpha-numeric designation is the strain. This one is isolated by Mark Guyer, hence MG.

[@21972012145525]

Omg she has beautiful skin. Do they discuss eczema or allergies? Skin microbiome?

[@sharonphillips3700]

Skin and everything else, comes from the gut microbiome

[@jmarco21]

As a survivor of a widowmaker heart attack I would be interested in the microbiome's role in cardiovascular and heart health. A recent published study found that Oscillibacter consumed cholesterol in the gut but didn't make any claims on its long-term impact on keeping the arteries clean or overall health outcomes. Dietary changes for people with heart attack risk already essentially point to a high fiber diet, so I wonder if part of what is going on is improving the gut health to in turn improve heart health? It would be better to manage gut health for heart health if possible than have to soley rely on the buffet of prescription pills you get when you have a ticking time bomb in your chest. Maybe it could act as another layer of protection as opposed to a replacement therapy? Interesting guest. I appreciate the information. TY

[@AllysonRude]

I think Frodo’s journey to return the ring to the fires of Mount Doom in Mordor was less arduous than the journey Pendulum endured. They definitely believed in their hypothesis and dream. That is enough to convince me to buy their product. Excellent podcast - informative, funny, compelling.

[@carolhemingway2793]

NB: As Colleen herself reveals at the end of the podcast, and very briefly, with no discussion , that for 80-85% of the participants, her product Did Not Colonize!! So plan to buy and consume it forever if you want the benefits.

[@anthonycho6344]

@@carolhemingway2793 To clarify Carol’s comment, every participant colonized all five strands. After the 90-day fall out period, 15-20% of the people who maintained Akkermancia in their gut were the ones who kept high fiber diet. So fascinating!

[@lmyers9999]

Or just eat low carb for free… better results.., blood sugar down immediately… a1 down after 90 days…. Both for life

[@darylfortney8081]

This is a really great video, especially useful to me after receiving the results of a microbiome test and seeing that my levels are significantly disturbed... subscribing to Pendulum Glucose Control and will retest after 6 months to see if it has positive effect.

[@amandaharwood6126]

Do you have an update on if it had a positive effect?

[@darylfortney8081]

@ A1c hasn’t really come down at all unfortunately. Pills are very expensive. Will probably discontinue soon if nothing changes

[@amandaharwood6126]

​@darylfortney8081 yeah, they are expensive. I hope you see some positive changes soon. I've started taking the metabolic daily and I feel good, but don't know if it's related to the probiotic or something else. Pendulum's refund policy says "If you don't see a decrease in your A1C level after 90 days of taking Glucose Control as recommended, contact us and we'll issue you a full refund (minus shipping & handling)."

[@pny0123]

Great information, very interesting and insightful.

[@wendellbabin6457]

1:13:25 I may have misunderstood this, but I thought the guest had stated earlier that the more important excretion products of microbiome organisms were produced by multiple organisms or strains maybe. If correct, is there not this "back up system" for the acromancia(sp?)?

[@ros375]

Very minor gripe, but E. coli and C. difficile are the species, not the strain. Escherichia and Clostridioides are the genera.

[@omnimesh4096]

The influence of Akkermansia is based upon the ratios of the rest of the bacterial composition of the gut not just the diet ( vegan vs carnivore) yet the diet influences the ratio of different bacteria and impacts amounts of akkermansia in the gut. That’s why both vegans and carnivores can have higher levels of Akkermansia regardless of their preferred diets and why individuals have lower levels.

[@sgill4833]

45:55 the convesation is about insoluble fiber and she says you need to take inulin for bacteria to survive the GI. Inulin is soluble not insoluble. So which is it.

[@justawordaway]

I have started taking Akkermansia a month ago before watching this video (today) and I have some distinct measurable outcomes. Good or bad I don’t know. 1. I am an OMAD and normally I will have a meal at breakfast and that is it. By night time I start to feel hungry and I go to bed hungry which gives me a good sleep and I wake up and have a meal again. But since I have started taking Akkermansia I do not even feel hungry at night time anymore and sometimes the next morning I feel like am not hungry but I eat anyway. 2. It feels like the gut motility has really slowed down. I don’t know this is an overall good or bad thing. I haven’t done any blood tests etc. not that they will reveal anything as my metabolic markers are one of the best one can desire but if you ask me I will rather be on my earlier state than this so I am thinking of discontinue it. But some people might benefit from it if it makes them less hungry and more full.

[@h20s8804]

I'm wondering what the understanding is with regard to gut health for endurance athletes who require larger amounts of carbohydrates, sugars, to fuel their efforts?

[@Engrave.Danger]

Probably absolute trash if they're eating that way, though theres no requirement to do so. I compete in the occasional endurance event with little to no carbs and have no issues with it. After stumbling across an article on Zach Bitter in 2017, my mind was blown. He held a record for a 100 mile mountain run and only consumed water for the event. They all bonk at some point, so it makes sense to get fat adapted if they want to continue beast mode once they're left to burn fat.

[@Engrave.Danger]

You might also appreciate looking into Professor Tim Noakes. 😉

[@h20s8804]

I think there's a lot more to it. Different energy systems require different fuels that are processed in different pathways in the body. You're gonna very quickly deplete muscle glycogen, then liver glycogen and be forced to operate at much lower output burning fats for the rest of your 5 hour race. Glycolitic system requires glucose, not fats. This explains your 100 mile run example though, that's not a glycolytic effort.@@Engrave.Danger

[@h20s8804]

I'll check him out. Joe Friel is another that has advocated for fats over carbs for endurance athletes, especially older ones.@@Engrave.Danger

[@h20s8804]

Layne Norton Explains: kzbin.info/www/bejne/eXOXlKyMnq6chtk@@Engrave.Danger

[@forrestkirk]

One of the best videos I've ever heard on the gut/microbiome. Thank you

[@royolstad8532]

I've heard the Sonnenbergs say that the Lactobacillus don't colonize int he gutm they just pass through, but they do still perform healthy functions.

[@mirjanacuric-bawden8557]

Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria survive the passage through the upper GIT (low pH and bile), temporarily colonize, as they attach to mucus. After one stops taking probiotics, it washes off after 2-3 weeks, some individuals takes longer. This is why there is a wash-out period in cross over studies (RDBPC).

[@ltbrooklynny]

I am curious about rebuilding one's microbiome with l. Reuteri fermented yogurt, as promoted by Dr. David Willis? Thank you!

[@cliftonnobles5600]

0:17:45 There is something morbidly poetic about the fact that mice drove pestilence for millennia and they now serve as one of our biggest levers in working against those forces.

[@diane97531]

There are several gut microbiome testing sites. Any way to choose the best? Has anyone done testing on changes to microbiome of people on Ozempic type drugs?

[@XmanGoogler]

Ya, I was thinking that I’d want to do before/after microbiome tests around taking Pendulum.

[@BobbyDotNet]

Thank you, I also really appreciate you asking about their supplement's falloff.

[@mmobini1803]

This was great, thank you! Colleen is a wealth of relevant knowledge.

[@mattwatson6640]

Is it not soluble fiber, rather than insoluble, that the gut microbes convert to short chain fatty acids like buterate?

[@connorgray2896]

i thought it was soluble

[@gocsa]

Yeah, she's all over the place. She also mentions inulin which is again, soluble. And yes, insoluble fiber is poorly fermented by gut microbiome. So the whole basis of that section was a mistake.

[@mirjanacuric-bawden8557]

Antibiotics can seriously damage gut microbiome, but does not wipe all out. There is a population in deep crypts of gut lining that cannot be easily disturbed. Appendix is also a reservoir. But it takes time to re-establish, and this could be influenced by food. Takes up to 18 months after a course of broad spectrum antibiotics.

[@IdeoDLaw]

I think it depends, certain Antibiotika like fluorchonolone can even mess These up I guess. Just specuöagions

[@ASAPRocky619]

Peter, please add the names of your guests in the title or thumbnail. It feels strange not giving them that respect.

[@capcomfan82]

How would that make a difference when the topic is whats important. I do understand your point but its not like there are many famous or extremely well known scientists, its not going to drive views unless its a guy like David Sinclair or Huberman.

[@carrievanderhoff]

Her full name + PHD title came up numerous times throughout entire podcast! Dr.Attia politely/professionally introduced her at onset. She also spent few minutes speaking on her educational background as well.

[@Wetterwet]

It’s in the video description

[@SoberBobs]

​@@Wetterwet Yes its written down extensively. Should be fine like this.

[@nichtsistkostenlos6565]

Titles and thumbnails are specifically designed for reach. If the guest isn't extremely well-known in internet land, then it doesn't make sense to put their names in the title or thumbnail. This isn't disrespect, it's the unfortunate reality of needing to use the algorithm in your favor to get reach. Her name is in the description and mentioned it multiple times in the podcast, if someone is motivated enough to look up the guest, they can do so very easily.

[@stevecif]

This raises a fascinating, potentially devastating ethical question: If we can control what we're interested in via microbiome manipulation, what should we be interested in? How can we even answer a question like that? Usually every decision we make is determined by what we are currently interested in/aiming at.

[@bardsamok9221]

Sounds like you've misinterpreted what's actually going on here. But your question of what we "should" be interested in is one of the great old philosophy questions. But yes, you can't just take a supplement to decide what your interests are and orient your philosophy that way, which is probably for the best.

[@mirjanacuric-bawden8557]

I learned something but little disappointing that she does not know more about established probiotics, other than Akkermansia. Although, I have been impressed by importance of Akkermansia. First, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are genus, Lactobacillus (new Lactiplantibacillus) rhamnosus is a species. Strains are individual unique and have alphanumeric designation by which you can search PubMed. Examples: L.rhamnosus LGG, L.acidophilus DDS-1, Bifidobacterium BB12, L.paracasei strain Shirota (in Yakult). These are clinically documented strains. Double blind placebo controlled studies. Effective dose (CFU) is a good measure (not just marketing) based on results of clinical studies. It can be 1 Billion, 5 Billions, 10 Billions. The episode with Michael Gershon is hard to match.

[@williamhenry3337]

My best friend and I are 75 yesrs old. He has been drinking diet Dr Pepper since it was introduced in 1962. He has also been giving himself an enema every third day to be able to got to the bathroom since he can remember. He finally stopped drinking the diet Dr Pepper and now he goes to the bathroom EVERYDAY.

[@mjgrant1515]

interesting!

[@aaronk4588]

Colleen was actually wrong about the bacteria taxonomy. She said Clostridium was the species, and difficile is the strain, but Clostridium is actually the genus, difficile is the species, and the strain is usually some identifier. Examples: E. Coli O157:H7 and Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG

[@bokfitness]

I’m 10 in to this discussion and it’s clearly apparent that Dr. Cutcliffe has a big brain.

[@aquisces9532]

Thank you Peter Attia for this Amazing interview 🙏🏽 i have been watching Colleen's interviews for about 6 months and finally decided to purchase her Glucose Control Akkermansia supplement and have been taking it for almost a month now. You definitely had new questions that other interviewers hadn't asked! So informative from start to finish. Thank you for this 🙏🏽 ❤️

[@Find-Your-Wellness-With-Me]

Can you report any difference? Do you feel better or anything else?

[@goutfromfriedokra3936]

any good changes to glucose control supplement?

[@aquisces9532]

I have only been taking it for a month, she mentions to give it at least 3 months to feel the benifits. In this short time frame that I have taken them I do feel better with my overall health my energy levels are stable. I ate a pastry and hot chocolate (on my cheat day) and my glucose only spiked to 140 vs other times it would be closer to 180. Also a huge change I have noticed is how stable and consistent my bowl movement are (I'm sorry if it's TMI), I use to go 2 times a day now I go 3 times sometimes 4 depending on how much I eat. They are normal BMs, not too soft just normal. I will report back on month 2 and month 3 if your interested to know how it's going. Sending out positive and healing energy to all 💓🙏🏽

[@aquisces9532]

Also as an FYI in a different podcast she mentions that we don't have to keep taking the akkermansia muciniphila supplement so long as we keep feeding them polyphenol rich foods to keep them alive in our gut. (She did say her investors may not like that comment 😅) I feel since she was honest and upfront that made me move forward with my purchase. I do plan to keep taking them after the 3 months but maybe take them every other month or every 3rd month. I do also take a polyphenol supplement and try to eat a lot of berries and Pomegranates as well as matcha green tea 🍵 . Hope this helped 💛

[@goutfromfriedokra3936]

Awesome keep sending your updates. @@aquisces9532

[@fixedincome008]

In regards to fecal therapy to replenish someone’s Microbiome post antibiotics, is it possible to take that person’s fecal before the antibiotics so they stay the same as before?

[@darylfortney8081]

Couple questions... first, if it is so sensitive to oxygen how does it originally get into the human body or in the case of post-antibiotic treatment how would it ever return to the body without a carefully packaged supplement? second, what effect does a routine colonoscopy have on the gut microbiome specifically all anaerobic organisms considering that during the colonoscopy they pump the colon full of air to move around with their camera? My father died of colon cancer so I have had to endure colonoscopies every 5 years since i turned 40. My Akkermansia level according to Thorne Gut Health test is basically zero... result shows my level is about 19% of what is considered normal. Incidentally Akkermansia is the only of the 5 strains I am deficient in according to my gut health analysis. Would be interested in transitioning to the single strain once it comes back in stock. I'm pre-diabetic, not diabetic.

[@dinomiles7999]

Fermented foods ! Please so easy. Don't complicate it ! Your welcome . Any questions?

[@jonessss]

Carcinogenic

[@dinomiles7999]

@@jonessss wrong , but good luck to you .

[@jonessss]

@@dinomiles7999 Well I've looked at the studies so I don't need a random comment on youtube to tell me what's right or wrong

[@dinomiles7999]

@@jonessss fermented foods . Gut biome repair .

[@GottaSayIt]

Any studies on whether these products help Type 1 diabetics?

[@MaryNewnham]

What a great discussion. Thank you for sharing all of this information.

[@algott1806]

😊 thanks for the knowledge❤

[@ogniann2450]

To answer Peter's question around 7:00, the microbiome can weigh so little in spite of its large number of cells because human cells are massive, perhaps 1000 larger in volume than bacteria (it varies a lot from cell to cell of course). That's roughly the difference between a cat and an elefant.

[@Lisarolly]

I always enjoy your vlogs. I’m definitely looking into the app. I didn’t know how help it can be.

[@mjgrant1515]

is it effective to colonize yogurt or sauerkraut with the contents of probiotic capsules to increase to quality & number of species? i’ve been doing this & I’m. wondering if i’m wasting my time (& possibly money)

[@shell.e5258]

That was awesome, definitely worth a replay in my book!

[@enricocaporaso1545]

Surprised they both mixed up soluble and insoluble fibers as far as which feed the microbiome

[@neuroguy-cf1jl]

I feel like she must have just gone along with his mistake. She mentions inulin, which she must know is soluble.

[@squireleye1147]

In my opinion, this seem like a very in depth info. Thank you

[@Engrave.Danger]

I used to feel the same way when I'd watch an infomercial as a kid. Way more in depth than the average commercial.

[@alexi2460]

I love this kind research and the success with her due diligence is so hopeful for srnsiors. She has a really good product website. Also excellent reviews for the various supplements.

[@sgill4833]

2:04:26 Collustrium V Dilicurim?? Anyone know what she is saying?

[@sgill4833]

NM. It's Clostridium butyricum

[@Nicku472]

Love the information, hate how people are always trying to sell something.

[@michellezanoni6162]

So fascinating!! Smart questions too :)

[@shus5787]

Loving the podcasts, thanks

[@illavitar]

31:45 Eggerthella lenta? Either way I have it in high amounts, along with 98.9% firmicutes and only 0.363% bacterodetes!

[@chrisconnor8086]

When I went off of antidepressants cold turkey, I destroyed my gut and immediately developed autoimmune issues related to multiple food sensitivities-- which indicated digestive permeability. I've long wanted to do a FMT to try to bring back some of my favorite foods and help with eczema. Seeing as FTM is only regulated and approved for C. Difficile, and rather than ask a healthy friend for their shit so i can put it into an enema, I am sold on giving this product a try first. I would be interested in asking Colleen if Pendulum is developing a suppository product.

[@blkscreen15]

Does Akkermansia with Celiac?

[@fBrunPeressin]

i'm curious that i'm almost through and AG1 never got mentioned, neither were any companies directly. Would that be forbidden by law ? Especially through the segment about strict anaerobes I was hoping for a mention to how AG1 operates. Does it have its own production facility?

[@fBrunPeressin]

of course I understand that the scope of these talks is nobler than establishing a true science-backed market advantage. Assessing/understanding/contrasting pathology is prior to enhancing functional phisiology too 🙏🏼

[@fBrunPeressin]

okay now I'm really closing toward the end and it gets more prosaic enough 😊