Polymerase chain reaction | PCR | NMDCAT 2021

About This Video...
Kary B. Mullis developed the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 1983. Earlier methods
DNA polymerase used is temperature - insensitive (thermostable) enzyme extracted
extends the process. After the primers bind by complementary base pairing to the
used to separate double stranded DNA, therefore, replication need not be interrupted
piece of DNA quickly in a test tube. PCR is very speciic - the targeted DNA sequence
in a cell. It is considered a chain reaction because DNA polymerase will carry out
gene or protein product is needed.
using PCR.
expensive. In contrast, PCR can create millions of copies of a single gene or any speciic
DNA strand, DNA polymerase copies the target DNA .
PCR does not replace gene cloning, which is still used whenever a large quantity of
replication over and over again, until there are millions of copies of the desired DNA.
to the bases on either side of the “target DNA” - must be available. The primers are needed
Before carrying out PCR, primers - sequences of about 20 bases that are complementary
from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus, which lives in hot springs. Commonly, this
can be less than one part in a million of the total DNA sample. .This means that a single
of obtaining multiple copies of a speciic sequence of DNA were time consuming and
PCR takes its name from DNA polymerase, the enzyme that carries out DNA replication
enzyme is also known as Taq polymerase. It can withstand high temperature, which is
by the need to add more enzyme. PCR is done these days in an automatic PCR machine
gene or smaller piece of DNA, among all the human genes can be ampliied (copied)
because DNA polymerase does not start the replication process; it only continues or
or thermocycler, which is a routine piece of equipment in any laboratory.

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