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As a rule, sports oils have a viscosity of 20w50, 15w50, 5w50, 10w60, etc. It is believed that more viscous oils provide a thicker lubricating film. However, there are sports cars where oils 0w2, 0w3, 5w20, 5w30, 10w30 are used. The reason is that the choice of engine oil viscosity is more related to the technological features of the engine and it does not determine its “sportiness”.
The modern development of engines and lubricants is largely determined by environmental requirements for exhaust emissions. As a result, all the latest car models are equipped with exhaust gas afterburner systems or catalytic converters. In turn, manufacturers of lubricants are forced to obey the requirements of original equipment manufacturers O.E.M .. As a result, the American Petroleum Institute is releasing new standards API SM and API SN, where one of the requirements for motor oils is to protect the exhaust system.
One of the elements that negatively affect catalytic converters is zinc, phosphorus, sulfur and a number of others. It is these substances that are used in anti-seize additives. One of the most common additive packages is ZDDP (Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphates - Dialkyl Zinc Dithiophosphate) or the simple “zinc”. Although the latter is not correct, since ZDDP is a family of chemical compounds and, moreover, there are several formulas of such additives with different physicochemical properties. Phosphorus in ZDDP forms a lubricating film that prevents metal - metal contact. The work of additives is activated at a certain load and temperature.
One of the important components of any oil is dispersant additives. They are designed to clean the engine from contaminants and retain them in oil. The problem is that dispersant additives interfere with the activation of ZDDP additives. Manufacturers of racing oils were divided. Some of them produce oils with a reduced content of detergents, while others believe that the right type of ZDDP and optimal balance with detergents can give maximum protection for a sports engine.
The next determining element of racing oil is the base oil base. The bulk of specialists agree that the synthetic base provides better thermal stability, the ability to switch to more fluid viscosities and reduce friction losses. On the other hand, many manufacturers make sports oils on a mineral basis to reduce the cost of the product and on the basis of a mixture of PAO and third group oils according to API. From their point of view, in a number of races this allows you to achieve a better result.