Quantum Computers, explained with MKBHD

Quantum computers aren’t what you've been told.
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You’ve heard about quantum computers. Maybe you’ve seen the “race for quantum supremacy” between governments and companies, or read that quantum computers will break all encryption, or heard terms like “qubits” or “superposition” or “quantum mechanics” in a confusing tv segment. But you might be wondering… what does a quantum computer actually DO? And how could it actually affect my life?
@mkbhd and I had the same questions. Marques and I both realized quantum computing was this big important technology… that we didn’t really understand. So we decided to go on an adventure to learn the truth about quantum computers. And we're taking you with us, to show you what we learn as we learn it. But more importantly, to show you how these crazy computers might actually impact YOUR life... sooner than you think.
Chapters:
00:00 What is a quantum computer?
02:00 Why is quantum computing important?
04:00 The Quantum Video Game analogy
06:33 Thank you Surfshark!
07:40 What does a quantum computer look like?
09:38 How does a quantum computer work?
12:00 What is a quantum computer good for?
13:21 Will quantum computers break all encryption?
15:22 What's the future of quantum computing?
16:27 Updating the Quantum Video Game analogy
You can find me on TikTok here for short, fun tech explainers: / cleoabram
You can find me on Instagram here for more personal stories: / cleoabram
You can find me on Twitter here for thoughts, threads and curated news: / cleoabram
Bio:
Cleo Abram is an Emmy-nominated independent video journalist. On her show, Huge If True, Cleo explores complex technology topics with rigor and optimism, helping her audience understand the world around them and see positive futures they can help build. Before going independent, Cleo was a video producer for Vox. She wrote and directed the Coding and Diamonds episodes of Vox’s Netflix show, Explained. She produced videos for Vox’s popular KZbin channel, was the host and senior producer of Vox’s first ever daily show, Answered, and was co-host and producer of Vox’s KZbin Originals show, Glad You Asked.
Additional reading and watching:
- For more from the IBM team, I love the Qiskit KZbin Channel / @qiskit
- Quantum Physics: What Everyone Needs to Know by Michael G. Raymer / 35498912
- Totally Random, Why Nobody Understands Quantum Mechanics by Tanya Bub and Jeffrey Bub (a comic about quantum mechanics!) / 36642373
- How Quantum Computers Break The Internet... Starting Now by Veritasium • How Quantum Computers ...
- Quantum Computers Explained - Limits of Human Technology by Kurzgesagt • Quantum Computers Expl...
- Quantum Computers, Explained With Quantum Physics by Quanta Magazine • Quantum Computers, Exp...
- The Map of Quantum Computing by Domain of Science • The Map of Quantum Com...
Vox: www.vox.com/authors/cleo-abram
IMDb: www.imdb.com/name/nm10108242/
Gear I use:
Camera: Sony A7SIII
Lens: Sony 16-35 mm F2.8 GM and 35mm prime
Audio: Sennheiser SK AVX
Music: Musicbed
Follow along for more episodes of Huge If True: kzbin.info?sub...
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Welcome to the joke down low:
There are 3 types of people in this world:
Those who understand quantum computing
Those who do not understand quantum computing
And those who both simultaneously do and do not understand quantum computing ;)
Use the word “type” in a comment to let me know you’re a real one who read to the end!

[@raviahuja9287]

MKBHD in his next video: "So.... I've been using quantum computer for about 15 years now.. and here are my initial thoughts"..

[@theencryptedpartition4633]

His initial thoughts doesn’t matter because the state is multiple. So he has multiple thoughts at the same time

[@rkalla]

ROFL!

[@subhrajitpatra]

@@theencryptedpartition4633 😂🤣

[@wrathop274]

@@theencryptedpartition4633 did you learn that from this video or you studying quantum computing

[@nomaanhaque1704]

​@@wrathop274it's a common quantum stipulation XD

[@mkbhd]

I could live in this analogy forever. What’s in the water? How deep is the water?! Are there other islands we haven’t discovered yet? Still processing everything we learned 🤓

[@systemMalfunction]

Well said ❤

[@tabshir.m]

Does the water scratch at a level 6 with deeper grooves at a level 7?

[@sossboyRyan]

hi marques i like your videos

[@akramraza6462]

You'd be like, so I have been using quantum computers for two weeks now and here's my thoughts!

[@DavidBauchelle]

Did y'all meet through @simonegiertz?

[@KOFPV]

I love how you do your ad's. The counter in the corner makes it so much easier to skip if you want to. Thank you for that.

[@hainesjw]

As a career computer & software engineer who now also teaches algorithms at a university, I really appreciate the engineer-love you offered, and the accessible description of quantum computers. Coincidentally, this semester (2nd run of the course) I’d decided to explain Shor’s algo in the last week, after my coverage of classical computer algorithms is done. 😊 Just came across your channel recently… now subscribed.

[@morslinjames6927]

So when I’m computer is going to help the price on cryptocurrency because it’s going to be able to find more encrypted data faster than the average computer great we just need to keep it away from the government 😂

[@farhanraflyfahrezis]

As an engineers i love the way she said "If the physics says it is allowed, the engineers will find a way." I dunno why but it feels like so mesmerizing. Beautiful words ✨✨✨

[@mannyyoutube3259]

Im sure there are great engineers working on it, but maybe a lot of it was engineered by AI.🤔

[@farhanraflyfahrezis]

@@mannyyoutube3259 Absolutely, in this era, AI has become an integral part of our lives. However, it's important to note that human engineers are actively working on the aspects that AI cannot handle at the moment. Their expertise and innovation continue to push the boundaries of what is possible in engineering.

[@mannyyoutube3259]

@Farhan Rafly Fahrezi Saepulloh You are right, I agree. I love watching engineering videos they are so interesting

[@coupe97]

So trueee, perfectly describes how important engineers are! As a fellow Computer Engineer kinda makes me proud of my work

[@farhanraflyfahrezis]

@@coupe97 You got it! Engineers in every field are straight-up problem-solving wizards, always finding clever ways to make things happen. Your work as an engineer is pure gold, making a real impact on society. Keep pushing boundaries, inspiring others with your hustle and dedication. You're making waves, my friend! ✨

[@joey1772]

“If the physics say it is allowed, the engineers will find a way.” Love this

[@NazriB]

Lies again? Miami Birds QNB

[@dev_peace_soul]

If maths says it's allowed physics masters will find a way.... Nah this don't work

[@blueckaym]

The trouble is it's another physicists that claim it's allowed based on unproven assumptions (mainly that Superposition is actual physical cloud of probabilities). Yes it's still possible to be true (as it's not proven otherwise either), but it's extremely large bet to build such an expensive technology based on an assumption. I guess quantum computing can be eventually useful - if it works (as expected) it might prove the Real-Superposition thing. If it fails (or works suboptimal to current expectations) it would be very likely the Real-Superposition is wrong, but won't actually be proof of it, so I guess many companies will continue pushing it for years to come (and burn billions more $)

[@bineshkapali]

@@dev_peace_soul whats math allows, physics may not allow. For example, infinity or undefined, value of pi.

[@dev_peace_soul]

@@bineshkapali that's what I am saying

[@eagleeye5397]

Hello Cleo. I am Happy and excited I have found your channel. You are a bright spot of sunshine in this overcast world. Please continue to be happy and optimistic and informative. I am so glad you are covering a diverse field of scientific topics. Maybe one day we can be as optimistic about our future as you are about science.

[@mattmarlborough3607]

I’ve seen your shorts for a while, but this is my first full length video. Absolutely love it! You’re doing amazing work, Cleo!

[@JustinPooreVlog]

Marques... check. Insane 3D animation... check. Crazy complex tech that could change the world... check. Published on a completely free platform so everyone can access... check. This episode slaps! The future of media is amazing.

[@DomskiPlays]

Frfr

[@mjmulenga3]

The future of media is an AI mess. But this episode indeed slaps.

[@ko-Daegu]

@@mjmulenga3 that's kinda scary did we peak in terms of unique and creativness ?

[@chakibchemso]

@@mjmulenga3 let's be optimistic about AI, you're watching HUGE if true :)

[@mjmulenga3]

@@ko-Daegu we did. 😔

[@CR-rb1fx]

“If the physics say it is allowed, the engineers will find a way" - that gives me a whole new level of RESPECT for the Engineers who make our improbable world function seamlenessly. Super excited for the future but not sure if I live long enough to witness all the amazing things that will unfold. Thank you Cleo. Subscribed.

[@sharonlima8913]

Subscribed too

[@4evrPrime]

Too bad people don't feel the same way about mother nature, the first engineer, and the platform upon which everything else sits. Luckily for mother nature the study of Quantum photonics is discovering exactly the reasons behind why nature is so powerful, and also why its intrinsically necessary for all life, especially human life.

[@xuaalbito8303]

Engineers are just the workers who following physicist's direction the real OGs are we the physicists who try and break the universe it self so that we can discover a new way to manupulate it and its properties and then those theories help engineers build amazing things such as that computer lol

[@xuaalbito8303]

The biggest problem with quatum computers in noise which is heat, basically heat is the movement of an atome when it exists in space, it is also a level of energy it holds and it is also a way of it to interact with space itself and that is a problem for quantum computers because that interaction with space affects the state of that atom which introduces noise and leads to inaccurate calculations that are basically useless

[@christiant2134]

Thanks 😄

[@09876username]

More adventures and collaboration please. You guys are very good at giving a layman’s explanation of some very complicated physics.

[@ShaharHarshuv]

We did a Quantum Algorithms course in my CS degree. The entire course was basically understanding Shor's algorithm. I remember almost nothing of the math, but I do remember that I'd sooner believe that unicorns are real before believing that Quantum Mechanics is really how nature works. This is just nuts.

[@GR8APE69]

What? What's your issue with Quantum Mechanics? Just because something is convoluted and rather fantastical doesn't necessarily mean it's poppycock. Those qualities are often a good sign that something is bullshit, but every now and then, otherwise convoluted and fantastical concepts actually turn out to be true. Unfortunately, our typically well-intended skepticism and the limitations of our perspective can be such that our thinking is too myopic to see such a truth for what it is. I think highly technical scientific concepts such as Quantum Mechanics very often become easy subjects of Plato's Cave - that is to say, the concept goes so far over our heads that most of us can't make out what in the hell it is.

[@quantumpolariton122]

I mean we have experimental evidence of quantum physics. that’s really it

[@Lizlodude]

Olivia seems like the kind of person you could randomly meet at lunch and just talk about awesome stuff for _hours._ That's gotta be such a fun job. Also that animation was great, whoever made it, *applause*

[@youtubeuser206]

this cleo girl is a coal burner, eh?

[@skillfailer]

@Space Backspace Even if shes trying to get famous, She added value to the video Shared knowledge And her voice is pleasent to listen to :) Nothing wrong with trying to make it, especially when you actually got something to offer

[@StonedNoob]

Wait her name is Cleo or Olivia

[@Raz.C]

@@StonedNoob Cleo is the host. Olivia, I think, is the lady who was interviewed by Cleo. Of course, I could be wrong and 'Cleo' might just be a nom de plum. I doubt it, though.

[@stripesthesecond8656]

Cuz shes pretty?

[@milanturk283]

As an engineerings student, I wish I could see more videos of engineers explaining their own creations.

[@33Dayz]

I don’t think it’s her creation

[@LivingDead53]

It probably took a lot of people to work on that. There will be millions of books out soon. Enjoy the wall of B.S.coming. I just think the product is cool.

[@Revernaught]

I feel that. Seeing the thinking process from start to finish, understanding the mistakes that occurred along the way. Definitely gives a different perspective

[@dreadlocsamurai4241]

Same

[@hiigherquality]

could be a cool new niche in youtube that has yet to exist if you could interview these ppl would you? and cater that youtube channel specifically for engineer minded peeps

[@brunoramirez678]

The quality of this video astonishes me. From the information and dialogue to the edition and camera quality. It's amazing

[@Rahul_Rao_001]

I'm looking forward to see the further developments in this field. Btw great work from both of you guys.❤❤

[@CrookDanny]

I’m blown away by how steampunk the entire thing still is. Amazing to think how much more will be understood 100 years from now.

[@Ryan-gx3hs]

So weird that you said that. I also was thinking how steampunk this was

[@gabrielesalvatori6804]

it's gonna almost fully understood in like 25 yrs

[@nickv1212]

The world's first computer was literally a steam powered engine called The Analytical Engine. This tech seems strange now, but it'll be pocketable in a hundred years, if we're still around and not Mad Maxin it.

[@FallenHoot]

We went to the Moon on the Apollo Guidance Computer (RAM of 4KB, a 32KB hard disk, weighted about 30kg (66lbs)). That was introduced in 1966 (56 years ago). I don't think you understand how FAST technology develops. In 100 years, I sure hope we have something much better than quantum computers. Maybe this is the next 50 years big technology, but only time will tell.

[@timmmmeta]

There's quantum computers that fit in a normal server rack. They don't all look like this. The big old IBM designs are getting a bit old fashioned now there's companies like IonQ and Quantum Brilliance making them smaller and portable.

[@zayyanusmani5360]

"If the physics say it's allowed, engineers will find a way." 🤯🤯 what an episode!!

[@felipelanverly]

Could'n agree more

[@felipelanverly]

If fisics says its impossible, engeneerings still find a way 😅

[@aliasghar_mech_eng9472]

"The world is a quantum mechanical", I liked this statement as a mechanical engineer.

[@NeuraPod]

Fantastic episode. Great explanation, analogy, editing, graphics, and pacing.

[@1967rcafinlandia]

Your expert guide should have her own podcast or KZbin channel. She’s a really great communicator.

[@SErohit]

She don't have that much time for that

[@Ace-ng2pl]

@@SErohit on god

[@DoANeo]

Dr. Olivia Lanes occasionally appears on the Qiskit channel, which is similarly focused on quantum computing topics. For example, conducted an interview on IBM's Condor system that I thought was very well done.

[@vitaly2432]

@@DoANeo never heard of that channel. Thanks for sharing it

[@shanegagnon3423]

and she's hot!

[@landofabraham]

*"If the physics says it is allowed, the engineers will find a way." As a scientist, I found this line so appropriate.*

[@spatialguy5571]

Appropriate only for an EgoScientist!

[@alkaholic4848]

But despite being around for over 25 years, so far the engineers have failed to find a way of doing anything useful with them. (Probably because it's all BS.)

[@This2dumb]

These nerds and ego humanists can't humble themselves and admit that an all powerful master creator has set boundless parameters for mankind...whom he made in his image

[@dreadlocsamurai4241]

@@alkaholic4848y u say that

[@ApatheticPerson]

What? We can't admit that some mysterioys being is an explanation for a mysterious problem, that's like explaining the unknown with something even more unknown, that's utter imbecility@@This2dumb

[@TheDucatiPilot]

First video I've watched of yours. I love how much I was able to learn about Quantum Computing. Keep up the great work!

[@AdamHowardTravelerdawg]

Stumbled on your channel through the algorithm. Your "NASA Is Bringing Supersonic Planes BACK" was the video I saw first. Then, I spotted your collab with MKBHD and clicked it, yup, new subscriber! I am a computer engineer but quantum computing is still something I have questions about and the walkthrough and analogy was so good! Keep up the good work!

[@santhilkherwal7327]

"If Physics says it's allowed, the engineers will find a way🤐🔥" 15:36

[@Spoggi99YT]

Two of my favorite creators collaborating on such an interesting topic? Count me in :)

[@shubham_srt]

[@lucasRem-ku6eb]

what did they create ????

[@archiebusek9152]

i love how ibm was one of the first binary computer companies and is now one of the first quantum computer companies

[@halogeorge2]

Wow the editing to explain is amazing . It is like pouring the knowledge directly into my brain

[@JustinHubertus]

Im stunned by how well made this video is on the producer side. All the graphics and so on, really mesmerizing and fun to watch. This is how modern education looks like!!

[@timothyclarke2670]

Good comment. Good education has fundermental parts, excitement, interest, absorbable information. This video, in my opinion, taught / educated, using these parts. Great job :-).

[@brianpurcell3771]

The production was great but there was nothing educational about this video.

[@getzkillz66]

she’s so bad too, there is a master behind the curtain ik it

[@dreadlocsamurai4241]

@@brianpurcell3771agreed

[@ONRIPRESENCE]

This is my field of work, quantum hardware (PhD). Thanks for covering this topic. I participate in both the technical and non-technical coverage of quantum hardware. On that note, I'll be delivering some invited quantum hardware lecture series on the machines/chips we've been building at my research lab and more. It will be open to the public next week on April 12th with my IBM friends and QuantumGrad. You are all welcomed to join us to learn about what tools and equipment we use to build real quantum devices in the field. Ignore the naysayers, let's keep building and learning from what we build. -Onri the Diné Quantum Engineer

[@ONRIPRESENCE]

The series will be livestreamed and uploaded here on KZbin to the QuantumGrad channel, which is run by the IBM Qiskit Advocates.

[@convolutionalnn2582]

Can you do research in Quantum computing if you done Bsc Computer Science where there is not physics? This may be stupid question, but i really wonder about it..

[@dreadfulbodyguard7288]

Can you spend more time on making these things instead of watching youtube? I've been waiting for quantum computers for very long but seems like you guys are playing youtube-youtube.

[@avint247]

That's some quantum level brag.

[@nerduser1000]

@@ONRIPRESENCE thank you! was about to ask this would love to watch it!

[@cantstopthebeat17]

Can’t believe I didn’t know about your channel until the MKBHD Waveform interview you did! Def subscribed and super excited to go through your videos 🤗

[@tomashrdina8991]

Really nice explanations ,it's a relief to se guys like you to try to wrap your heads around and help even more ordinary people to understand it...nice job...thanks ❤

[@fab-ian]

4 minutes in and I just wanted to congratulate the editor and digital artists on a legit incredible piece of art. Took what was an already fantastic episode and pushed it to the next level.

[@son8I7]

The editor is a beast, amazing.

[@Whatismusic123]

The video is completely awful. They just spent a lot of money, that's it.

[@qiskit]

Fantastic video! Cleo + MKBHD + Qiskit = the collab you didn’t know you needed! If anyone wants to use a Quantum Computer, we’re here to help.

[@gyanateetdutta]

Next we need to run hybrid diffusion models on qiskit ;)

[@techjunk8467]

Hello Qiskit, any new backends available for us to run simulations with?

[@qiskit]

@@techjunk8467 New backend coming soon!

[@rexolaires956]

this content is amazing. thank you so much for creating this so that we could better understand quantum computers. this would be a great series. hats off to Cleo and Marques and the team that produced this. simply amazing!

[@EG-wh4dt]

"If the physics says it is allowed, the engineers will find a way." love how this is basically what life is right now, if you are asked for something that doesn't "exist" we know if its possible to create

[@mdupuy]

Thank you for making this so accessible to a wide audience. When people ask what I studied to be a computer engineer they always assume I just write software and when I begin to explain the physics behind semiconductors; electron superposition, quantum mechanics and special relativity, their eyes just glaze over. Your analogy and explanation of practical applications is a much more reasonable path to build excitement around STEM education and quantum computers. It is so great to have you two collaborate, too. I love you both!

[@bokiNYC]

Agree 100% 👍

[@ChadElliott2012]

Came for MBKHD, stayed for the genuine love for tech. New sub! 🔔

[@gilleojax]

I came here from the Waveform podcast ... great content , very informative and very entertaining. You've got a new subscriber

[@amelkonjhodzic8892]

Your analogy actually gave me goosebumps...

[@MegaMathnerd]

Excellent video, Cleo! The math map/boat/submarine analogy captures how fundamentally different quantum computing is and will be. But for me, the real grab was the waves on the pond. If you imagine not just two but hundreds or thousands of pebbles tossed in all at once and the hundreds or thousands of resulting concentric-circle systems, each interfering with the others constructively and then destructively, you get a good start at imagining the chaotic complexity that's the real domain of quantum computers. Love, Dada.

[@evanray8413]

​@@Ashley_Schaeffer Lmao. You appear to be the only one.

[@pretentious_a_ness]

there is no chaos if you just count in the wave anology. the wave nature of atom is only half the part of what an actual atom does in quantum mechanics

[@Ashley_Schaeffer]

@@evanray8413 And a majority of the world has an IQ less than 110...

[@EminencePhront]

@@Ashley_Schaeffer r/iamverysmart

[@vigneshupadhyaya4712]

Really loved the video explaining about the quantum computer. Everyone was looking lovely and full of energy. Keep the good work up and keep sharing.

[@bruceschena4735]

I've been in engineering and tech for all of my adult life, and videos like this make me excited for our future, once again. I just realized that I had long forgotten what that felt like. I'm embarrassed to say I actually got emotional seeing that genuine, curious excitement on the faces of Cleo & Marques, and also the people being interviewed. I also LOVE how many technically brilliant women are showing up in Cleo's videos! Brava, Cleo! Cleo & Marques - what a YT dream team!

[@thatllwork_official]

Mind blown 🤯 this is a great starting point for understanding quantum computing

[@kevinshah2205]

check video of veritasium it is far better than this video.

[@markpoidvin5382]

I heard 8 minutes of pointless yammering, a bunch of vague examples and a few bad analogies. This video was awful

[@AchrafTahar]

This analogy from Cleo is amazing, and when Marques said, 'a flying car-boat,' he took this explanation to a whole new level.

[@user-kg1yv1hc8b]

First time in the history the thumbnails matches the content inside it.

[@caetherc]

I am so excited to see what breakthroughs these computers will contribute to

[@Camwise]

You two had great chemistry at a professional level. Really enjoyed getting to know you Cleo and I've subscribed.

[@user-tf1dk6dm8f]

wow, you subscribed. Big commitment huh

[@DamodeeShow]

​@@user-tf1dk6dm8f 😂😂😂

[@sachinz4199]

I think it's time for MKBHD to marry Cleo and get into quantum mechanics and astrophysics.

[@PSBrathwaite]

On a professional level? nah they should bang for sure

[@karimzahid5878]

The technical details for the content has zero homework done.

[@abdul2009]

Okay, so my understanding so far is as follows. Classical computers use transistors; which are basically chunks of stuff which electricity/electromagnetic energy passes through, and such that, the consistency of the flow of the energy at the start is different than at the end; which is the same as saying that transistors cause energy flow differences, or that they cause voltage. They can be made to vary the amounts too. And they can be made to vary the amounts depending on the consistency of energy flowing in at the start. Next. The various arrangements of these transistors. Different ones, in combination, make it so that depending on the energy flow (or i guess you could say, energy flow rate) at the start of the whole combination (or, of the whole operation/process), you'll get a predetermined energy flow at the end; and that energy flow can go to others circuitry/transistor(s), leading to another change in the energy flow of another transistor, which is connected to a display which only lights up pixels so as to display a number "1" if of certain energy flow. Thus when user swipes accordingly, leading to machinery/display only allowing certain consistency of energy flow into start of procedure, the result is a "1" displayed on the screen. More or less anyway. What about all the maths operations? They dont matter much; they never have. We've only really cared about them being done properly AND the device showing us the result/answer of the operation, if we need it to; otherwise, the result of another operation, involving math, happening. The transistors may recieve energy with a consistency of flow too low for them to alter what happens to the flow rate. In which case the energy just flows through, with no change in consistency of flow. That fact/possibility, of transistors to not work when without a certain predetermined required consistency of energy flow, allows for an expanded range of operations that can be done. As sets of transistors will only "activate" - & change the consistency of electromagnetic energy flowing through them -, if electromagnetic energy of a pre-decided consistency flows through. How do we communicate about these operations more effectively? Instead of saying a transistor - or whole operation as it can apply to them too due to the set up of transistors -, activated or inactive, we can say they have either state "1" (for active) or state "0" (for inactive). Instead of saying transistors, we'll say "bits". One chunk/stream of electromagnetic energy of a certain consistency, due to a button press by user, goes to the first transistor, or bit, in an operation, which activates it; or we could say, the first bit has state 1. Depending on the operation, we may get state 1 or state 0 at/from transistor at end of operation. Leading to a particular task done by other electromagnetic machinery; or going to another operation. Only now imagine this with several possible bits at a time - even from single user button press -, as well as varying amounts out at the end; and thus several tasks done afterwards, which we'd like to be done together. Even if afterwards we only see a single result, because of yet other tasks that take place after other operations which the prior tasks are connected to. Right, so now quantum computers. Well, we often now what we want to put into the operation. And we have some idea as to the result. But we dont know the process. We know we want to press a button, and send several bits (with their states) to the operation. We know we want the operation to lead to several bits having their states, which then ultimately leads to the screen showing - as an example - the fastest route to a destination. BUT! We have never gone there before. The computer has a map yes, and information about the terrain and our vehicle for traversal. But before we could make an operation which would take in the available information, and do what we know to do with it, to determine the fastest route. But what if we dont know what to do with the available information? Well then we have no certainty about the validity of any result our designed operation will bring. For example, we make it say "this" is the fastest route, because it is the most flat surface; but we could be wrong. How would we like to solve the challenge in reality, with all the time in the world? Drive there. Over and over again. Changing speed. Changing courses. Changing this and that and so on. Eventually, we'll discover the fastest way. But if we want to shorten the time? Well, we could see if speed effects it a lot, as well as this direction here and that direction there; until we arrive at a set of proposed means by which we can make the fastest journey; which we apply and then aŕrive at the route with the highest probability of being the fastest. So. We design an operation, which somehow, tests all those different changes. Like playing it out in your mind over and over again. Then the final result will be the route with the highest probability of being the fastest. EXCEPT. Well, that'd take forever with a classical computer - at least for the bigger challenges. But, it would appear, quantum computers could do very fast. How they do so, also explains what quantum computer actually are too. The operation isnt a set of transistors, which, when taking in a predetermined consistency of electromagnetic energy, alter the consistency a certain amount for its exit, or do not alter it if not that predetermined consistency. Instead, due to the materials used and blah blah blah - i have no idea -, these quantum-transistors take in a predetermined consistency of electromagnetic energy. But do not always alter the consistency. So sometimes there is an altered consistency of energy flow upon exit, and sometimes there isnt - even when recieving the predetermined amount and so still active! Its not the same as state 0. It is state 1, but possibly altering it, as usual, and so remaining state 1; but possibly not altering it, and so - well, either half state 0 now, or state 1 into state 0. Furthermore, the state 0 can become state 1 too. Sometimes, when not recieving the predetermined amount - so state 0 -, it'll alter the consistency, and thus become state 1. Giving each transistor, and thus many operations, a dual state. And, until we see the end result/transistor; we dont know the state; so, for our purposes, it is simultaneously state 1 and state 0; furthermore, it does have a probability of actually altering the energy flow rate or not, and thus a probability as to whèther or not it will lead to a state 1 or state 0; a probability which depends upon the previous quantum/not transistors the electromagnetic energy flowed through. Back to the routes. If we know how much higher speeds increase the fastness of the route, and same for other variables like terrain & whatnot; then we can use operations which will lead to the same results. As in, "speed 5" increases fastness by "9", but only 23% of the time (so 23% probability it will make it faster); so we use an operation, which has shown to have a 23% probability, of producing state 1 from state 1. So when user presses/inputs "speed 5", the appropriate starting quantum-transistor(s) are at state 1; and, the end state will be state 1, which ultimately leads to display showing a route of speed 5. But, taken in with other variables & operations; then it will only show the route with speed 5 if it is not just faster than other routes, but the fastest; it may make it 23% faster, but there could be other options. And we no longer need to know what they all are. We only need the probabilities from our experiments and theories. The quantum computer will determine the route with the highest probability of being the fastest. Revealing perhaps the essence of quantum computing. The involving of the situation in our prudence and forethought.

[@abdul2009]

Different susbtances have different conductiveness. I think its because of their molecular structure. Thus, a wonderful idea is to attempt to discover the correct molecular structures which have a variable conductivity at room temperature; they'll conduct less/more effectively at different times - or, with different probabilities. And better conductiveness is basically less altering of the consistency of energy flow - i think. And thus, room temperature quantum computers. You're welcome 😉😊

[@Patoxpanda]

You and MKBHD should make more of these videos and move it to a digital learning platform. So jealous of kids now a days who can learn things in this manner and not just though boring books or bored teachers teaching them things.

[@abdul-azeezabu3644]

We all get bored eventually lol. But good to know we can always improve

[@shorerocks]

Agree. Though books are not necessarily boring. I mean, there are enough boring vids out there. Cheers!

[@nocturnalsingularity3138]

I LOVE books, lol. I like to be someplace else, whether it's in a good movie, show, or book. The only difference (for me) is that a book will completely envelope Mt mind where I still have my peripherals while watching something or listening to someone. But I do also love how my children can just pick up a device search out a question and get the answer instantly. It does kind of suck though, that I find myself quite regularly disputing the answers they are receiving lol like how my son for a while believe that boys can get pregnant because Google told him they could, without ever really explaining anything

[@BearbearbearbearbearbearRarrrr]

Geniuses are blossoming thanks to this kinda thing.

[@samuelwaller4924]

I never thought about it but it makes sense that things in outer space can't really be that cold...it's nuts to be able to say "this is the coldest thing in the universe"

[@paulgiesbrecht955]

Seeing as how we don't even know what the runner up for second is 🤣🤣

[@samuelwaller4924]

@@paulgiesbrecht955 probably some random part of space

[@_dz]

The only objection is that it is actually not the coldest thing in the universe. 15 mK are routinely obtained in labs for more than 50 years. We can reach microkelvin, even lower.

[@mrbaab5932]

​@@_dz Thanks for pointing that out.

[@dark12ain]

So I'm suppose to believe this thing gets colder than Neptune Uranus and Pluto?

[@swaterian]

I have been watching your videos and shorts for quite some time by now. But I must say that I am so glad to have been a part of this journey (including the one in the analogy). The submarine analogy was really accurate. But at least we'll be able to predict what happens at a quantum level and the waves can explore the kind of calculations that binary can't even fathom. I'd really like more of your stuff. Much appreciated for your effort to take us along on this little adventure of yours.

[@sachinbehera522]

As an engineer. Its so facinating and interesting to watch such videos. Please keep making more such videos on tech and their real life implementations. Great content.

[@jared8164]

It is truly a travesty that Cleo only has 400K subscribers, her content is so insanely well produced that this NEEDS to get in front of more eyes. Keep it coming Cleo!

[@StrengthScholar0]

What do you mean? she's only been working on this channel for a year and she already has 400,000 subscribers. That is an insane rate of growth.

[@jared8164]

@@StrengthScholar0 you're not wrong! She should be very happy with how the channel is growing. I'm just saying it deserves that level of growth and then some

[@jj4791]

I just found this channel a few months ago and it was 130k subs. She already has...People. This channel is going places.

[@drewlehman2456]

I just found this channel now when this video was recommended to me (I am subscribed to MKBHD), I had not herd of or seen any of her videos before this but she has a new subscriber now. Very good high quality educational content.

[@Freakazoid12345]

She worked for Vox, which pushed racism and propaganda and now she's making clickbait videos that prey on people's ignorance of science and a child's lack of real world experience for views.

[@erickmurray3226]

I have loved Marques for a long time but this is my first experience with your channel. I LOVE channels focused on learning about and understanding the world around us. Learning is fun, and I don't think I stopped smiling all episode. Subscribed and looking forward to your next adventure! Great work!!

[@jedDiamond]

I met you at the RO gathering of advisors in 2019. I just talked to Doc who told me about your new endeavor. Just watched this one and really enjoyed a look into our collective future

[@xxitz_pr0gxx631]

I just watched your video about the Hadron Collider, and this was the first recommended video after watching that one. I am so glad that I subbed to your channel!

[@josealberto8764]

AMAZING content Cleo. The production level and clarity are getting better with every new video. Congrats!

[@kolbecorreia6988]

This felt like I was going on a field trip with you guys, amazing

[@user-xx4gm6zv6v]

at 8:48 Marques was in Awe and I liked it the most about the video.

[@SulaimanChoudhury]

This was great, I’ve just started to learn about Quantum Computing at work and was eager to see the physical hardware, thanks.

[@paritosh-sharma-storyman]

Extremeley meaningful collaboration. Insane animation. Your narration is spot on Cleo!

[@Freakazoid12345]

How was this, "meaningful" ?

[@weedyrocks]

I subscribed!! I love this series so much, you’ve sort of inspired me to maybe go into science, so thank you

[@azzedinekof4482]

So far is the best quantum computer experience I’ve seen. Thanks

[@BitProducts]

So glad this video is blowing up. You guys got great chemistry and it added so much to the video. This is the type of videos that inspire us to get smarter and create more stuff

[@saimanish1371]

The storytelling and pacing of this video is so good!!😄

[@-TheMaskedMan-]

Ok fine!! I’ll watch it 🤦‍♂️

[@mithun.parambath8185]

Attended a quantum computing conference today - felt like I accidentally stepped into a black hole of confusion. Miraculously, your video managed to rescue me from the event horizon of perplexity.

[@ldungey6972]

The collab we didn't know we needed but am glad we received!

[@StevenHearndon]

Just subscribed. I watch MKBHD a lot, so I'm guessing that's why the KZbin algorithm brought you to me, and I'm glad it did. I'm a software engineer, so the subject of quantum computers is particularly interesting to me. I like the approach you're taking on your channel. Technology is not scary. It's scary what some people can and will do with technology, so there's reason for concern. But there are also plenty of reasons to celebrate these advances and what they could mean from a positive perspective.

[@GardenGuy1943]

I subscribed because Cleo is hot

[@samo6083]

Exactly, if medicine can be made I'm pretty sure viruses thst target specific populations can be made too🤯

[@LeviStum]

Came for MKBHD, stayed for the awesome graphics, analogies, and editing.

[@abdul2009]

I'll share my computing approach eventually. I think its just my focus is resting, building energy reserves, and some high priority tasks i neeed to do. Even later, i can see, how I'll use it too; probably for my arm piece, filmmaking, & game. But it seems like a lot of modules no? That's whT concerns me. But no matter - we'll find solutions. 😊

[@seanhibbitt3735]

This is the best explanation of quantum computers in a science outreach context so far! The pond analogy was nice, they still do calculate everything however. The qubits are in every possible state, think Schroedinger's cat. It's just that you can only get result at the end, so the algorithms work by making that result more likely to be right. In terms of visualisation, I recommend reading Grover's paper on his search algorithm. He has a nice figure where it shows the probability of getting the correct answer ends up higher than the incorrect answers :)

[@Kranberry777]

Olivia was impressively good at making that somewhat understandable! Never felt like I had even the slightest grasp on quantum computation

[@offmertz]

Huge shoutout to Marques for introducing me (millions more) to you Cleo. Instant subscribe from me. You explain things in a similar style to MKBHD that I can respect. Don't know how to describe it other than you make me feel like I'm on your level cause you're not explaining it like I should have known that already. Very comfortable learning experience. Mad respect to Marques (long time subscriber) for sharing the love with a newer channel with a smaller audience. Excited to see more videos!

[@jedimindfrak82]

Hey, the KZbin algorithm worked for once! I used to love your work on Vox but then I stopped seeing you there. I had no clue you started your own channel, and I'm glad to subscribe! Excellent work!

[@peterwittwer8530]

I just found your channel, you have some amazing access to really cool stuff. Keep investigating to fill our enquiring minds. Seasons greetings from Australia.

[@Mik3J]

I just always appreciate how you show everyone as a person, and it feels real and honest and person and you show interest in the people along your search for answers.

[@Freakazoid12345]

"...feels real and honest..." lol, which is why they couldn't give examples of what the computer could actually do?

[@AsianFoodNerd]

⭐Cleo and MKBHD are professors I wished I had ⭐

[@K-Fed]

You wish they were your professors because they entertained a lot and taught very little. Vertitasium, who has his teaching license and is an educator would bw 1000x better for the role.

[@MrBsehratmaannking]

@@K-Fed they only really glazed the surface of the topic, and probably don't know much more themselves to teach you further. But if someone with deep knowledge and understanding could teach in an entertaining way, that would be nice yeah

[@bencampbell1675]

​@@K-Fed Derek's videos will always be incredible in the way he can explain complex topics but Cleo is fantastic at making a broader easily digestible video for everyone. Both are my fav!

[@punknfunk]

@@K-Fed it's like Vogue or In Style doing a video on "Quantum Computing"... Didn't realize who Cleo was but her video was recommended for some reason. She has quite a few science topic videos on her channel but I doubt I would watch any of it having seen this video. Obviously the video is "professional" quality yet the content is very shallow and vapid. There's nothing really to watch, except she seems to be "well-connected" and brings in high profile YT guests to boost her viewings. I have nothing against people who don't have STEM backgrounds making science videos but I think to make good content videos, she at least needs to have some understanding and has at least tried to thoroughly research the topic to be able to regurgitate a more consumable understanding of these abstract science concepts... I couldn't finish the video, it was very cringe for me to watch this. You can't compare Veritasium with this channel LOL. He has a physics and education background (in addition to film making) and makes very well researched videos on difficult STEM topics. I like MKBHD, he knows tech very well but I almost thought the two were dating or something for him to do a favour and feature in a video with her. I think she over-embellished her CV/bio and markets herself too well for her own good. She needs to find her own niche and do videos that focus on her passion.

[@rodrigojds]

lets not exaggerate shall we?

[@AndrewRH]

I am probably the 94th person to ask that people wear their seatbelts properly, and not how it was done at the start of this video. Now, with that off my chest, I will unpause -- on with the video! Update: fantastic analogy which opens up the thinking when learning more about this area of computing. Thank you for such a great episode.

[@JohnPlamondon]

Fantastic video and great job reporting on a really complex topic and making it accessible.

[@OrdinarilyBob]

Hello Cleo, I assembled my first PC clone in the mid-80s as a teenager, and have been working in IT professionally for thirty years, so I fully understand "classical computing", but I haven't been able to wrap my head around quantum computing until your analogy. Thanks for that and for sharing your tour of IBM's facility. I've been subscribed to your channel for a few months now, and I quite enjoy your content. Keep up the great work!

[@dotdot..]

"Fully understand" That's a flex..

[@HelloWorld-xc4xd]

So a Color book gives more clarity on what a quantum computer is?

[@4evrPrime]

Computing is a broad field that encompasses many different areas, including computer architecture, operating systems, algorithms and data structures, programming languages, and software engineering, among others. Each of these areas has its own rich history, concepts, and techniques, and developing a comprehensive understanding of all of them would require a significant amount of study and experience. Not to mention that each of these fields is constantly growing and evolving as well. So, no... you don't "fully understand" classical computing.

[@bigjus3751]

@@4evrPrime come on dude no need to be mean, it's obvious he meant fully understands how classical computers work(hardware computing complete binary based software) and what 'type' of applications they are suited to. All the uses you mentioned application wise is computed in exactly the same way by classical computer hardware.

[@4evrPrime]

Really? Cuz I could go further and discuss why anyone who "fully understands" classical computing shouldn't have any trouble understanding the high-level concept behind Quantum computing. It's a step, not a leap. And if he truly understood classical computing in the modern era, this would be a natural step.

[@RadekDubisz]

I stumbled upon this video thanks to the all knowing YT algorithm and apart from the narrative and subject matter themselves (which are fascinating), as an editor myself, I absolutely love the editing. Great flow, tasteful effects, informative visuals. Great job, whoever is responsible!

[@LePlayer_official]

One of the best explanations out there, yet I am not able to understand how Quantum Computers work 😓

[@emilieg.2546]

Thanks to you for this video!❤ I, myself tryed to understand quantum computers but couldn't wrap my head around it

[@gavidhariwal6307]

This was so nice! Cleo should do more of such interdisciplinary collabs/excursions...with Veritasium, Physics Girl, 3b1b, dr. Mike, Lex Fridman, CGP Grey...ah! amazing things ahead for Cleo 🎉

[@antonhelsgaun]

Physics girl 🥲

[@gavidhariwal6307]

@@antonhelsgaun I know 😢 gws Diana 😭

[@snuffeldjuret]

I thought dr Mike was the dick guy from survivor :P

[@engineeingnerd]

Only few are intelligent other are trolls including this two noobs

[@matthewprather7386]

And Sabine Hossenfelder?? Folks should watch her video on quantum computers… 🙂

[@patriarocha1254]

I was blown away on how you guys could bring light to Topology concepts keeping it simple. It is so inspiring the way you approach to science.

[@aniruddhomitra2824]

One of the most informative and interesting videos on KZbin! Great work Cleo and MKBHD!

[@allent4627]

I went from not having much clarity on the topic to having a decent amount of understanding abt quantum computers. the analogy was quite helpful too. thank u cleo, marques & the entire team.

[@SpaniardDH]

Subscribed!! Cannot wait to see more adventures of you and Marques!! Thanks for making such an obscure knowledge so fun and understandable!!

[@dallinmilby8021]

I doubt your channel is still small enough that you can get through all of your comments, but Hi Cleo, I'd love to meet you too! I'm subscribed now. Yes please, to another collaboration with Marques. And yes please to Huge, If True. I love it. Your videos helped me get out of bed this morning and be excited about my day. Please keep it up! -Dallin

[@WBTuckLive]

Really loved the editing. Whoever did post production is amazing. As well with everyone who went in to making this video 🤙🏻

[@j-marbeats]

14:38 “but we haven’t done that yet” Yeah we totally believe you. 😏

[@saiganeshmenon2946]

Hi Cleo! - thank you for putting this video. Summarising the Video - to scope out what I liked/disliked Exploring the hype behind Quantum computers or more like wtf is a quantum Computer. Loved the analogy of quantum computers being a boat to the ocean/water body (symbolising a unique type of complexity) let's call this water body a zone where quantum level explorations i.e molecular/atomic level physics consistency can be obtained - current set of computers not being able to understand this realm because of not being able to play around with the idea of uncertainty gives rise to this new attempt at computing called computing - where a bit -0,1 can be both 0 and 1 at the same time giving rise to range of computations which wasn't possible in classical computers. What I loved: 1. The animation video about the analogy of exploring a terrain via computation, lovely! - would be nice to know what tool has been used. 2. General Pacing of the video makes it intelligible - kudos again. What could be done better: Exploration of history of quantum computing - would have made a solid use case for the initial need of quantum computing and then journeying towards the current state.

[@tmpsg]

Reminded me of the old vacuum tube TV and Radio technologies, and it looked Steampunkesque. In a sense you were looking at old stuff now because they will find ways to miniaturize it the same way TVs are now flat and computers are not all as big as lab rooms any more. What a weird mix of past and future at the same time. Fitting that quantum computing would be 'quantum' in both function and form.

[@Jorrich]

Cleo's way of breaking down complex information is amazing

[@nishankkose]

This is the type of content that I enjoy the most, I love the way you get so passionate about these topics that are going to change us forever, Love your videos Cleo

[@michaellobodzinski5811]

The moment "submarine" entered the conversation, I was all in!!! New subscriber here. Well done.

[@7thsight032]

I love your "fire". I LOVE people who love what they do! Already a @mkbhd fan. This duo is AWESOME!!! Y'all keep up da good work 👍👍👍

[@caseymclaughlin1435]

How this channel has only 400k subs is beyond me - only a matter of time before it’s much much higher 🚀

[@johnwisdomtv]

maybe calling it "Huge if true*" would've been better?