Quantum Computing Explained | How Quantum Computers Work (Achieving Quantum Supremacy)

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This video is the ninth in a multi-part series discussing computing and the second discussing non-classical computing. In this video, we’ll be discussing what quantum computing is, how it works and the impact it will have on the field of computing.
00:00 Intro
[0:28-6:14] What is Quantum Computing - Starting off we'll discuss, what quantum computing is, more specifically - the basics of quantum mechanics and how quantum algorithms will run on quantum computers.
[6:14-9:42] Quantum vs Classical Computing - Following that we'll look at, the impact quantum computing will bring over classical computers in terms of the P vs NP problem and optimization problems and how this is correlated with AI.
[9:42-14:00] Quantum Supremacy - To conclude we'll discuss, current quantum computing initiatives to reach quantum supremacy and ways you can access the power of quantum computers now!
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Collin R Terrell
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Soundtrack ➤
♫ 00;00 "Real Chill Old School Hip Hop Instrumentals Rap Beat #13" by Chuki Beats
♫ 00;28 "Sun" by HOME
♫ 02;54 "Flood" by HOME
♫ 08;06 "Resonance" by HOME
♫ 12;44 "If I'm Wrong" by HOME
♫ 14;01 "June" by Aire Atlantica
Producer ➤ Ankur Bargotra
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[@OptimisticFuturology]

Want to learn more about the Technological Revolution? Watch our playlist here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/e3-6pKKNn999irM - ALSO - Become a KZbin member for many exclusive perks from exclusive posts, bonus content, shoutouts and more! subscribe.futurology.earthone.io/member - AND - Join our Discord server for much better community discussions! subscribe.futurology.earthone.io/discord

[@abhidhatrak1]

Singularity Prosperity your channel is good but your voice gets supressed by music and is unclear.. sounds like a french man speaking in english without moving his cheeks.

[@FFehse-dk9is]

Im doing my PhD in this field right now and - holy smokes! You explained so much so clearly in so less time... incredible :O This is probably one if not THE best summary on that topic Ive ever seen!

[@adambosak2306]

F. Fehse Can I ask which major ?

[@devinconstant7142]

Agreed this was phenomenal the pace and the intensity of information was well done

[@aneeshpadmasola6768]

I'm doing a PhD in the exact same field too. Actually that's why I'm watching this video drunk at 5 AM on a Saturday lol 😂

[@jairussiriyalaofficial8922]

quantum computing at server level , optical computing at desktop level.. future is really going astronomical

[@monkeyrobotsinc.9875]

HAHAHHHAHAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

[@irowebot]

This is the best explanation of quantum computing I've ever seen. Most videos touch on the basics without elaborating on any of the topics they introduce. Thanks for continuing to pump out understandable content that digs deep into the topics they're covering! By the way, what animation and video editing software do you use? I'd love to learn how to make videos of this quality.

[@ramim.j2091]

Your channel is amazing. The reason i'm very excited for quantum computing, Is their ability to simulate atomic interactions and protein foldings, This will allow us discover all kinds of new materials with exotic properties, Nearing science fiction levels, And also to discover new type of drugs that'll revolutionize medicine, Like drugs more effective at curing cancer and slow down or even prevent aging.

[@TheZenytram]

which will make possible to find ways to do better quantum computer ultra fast right after.

[@ChrisDeAnna]

I Love These Damn Videos

[@DaveKeil]

1:16 - kinda important point - what you would see if you observed which slit the electron went through vs not observing which slit it went through. 7:34 - The factorial function increases MUCH faster than the exponential function, so "Reaching an exponential tipping point " technically greatly understates the problem You're series is awesome. I'm loving it.

[@annoloki]

Don't get confused by quantum "observation", it doesn't exist in the real world, only in experiments, where it actually means to entangle with the measurement apparatus... this is why the interference pattern disappears when you "observe" which slit the wave packet is fired through - because you are entangling it with the measurement apparatus. You also see this with polarised light filters... we /say/ that only light polarised in the direction of the light gets through, but what actually happens is that light that gets "blocked" gets absorbed, creating a charged field that alters the light that gets through, so /all/ light gets modified, it is not a simple filter, and so cannot be used to only observe the polarity of light... all measurement is alteration.

[@aeiouaeiou100]

Great video! Subscribed!

[@realonezx4841]

8:10 Home Resonance nice choices of music you had there.

[@karanjadhav6902]

this is one of the most underated channels on KZbin. the amount of information and sources provided, In the short period of time is amazing. I can see the work put behind the video. keep it up, I see millions of potential subs in the future

[@PauLWaFFleZ]

Best way to start a new day, a new SP video.

[@KangarooPoison]

You added a lot of colour to my quantum computing picture. Thanks.

[@user-hv5kk8tb7u]

Really nice animation and visuals! Also quantum computers make more sense to me now, feels like this video is from future

[@govinds3951]

Hectic video SP !!! Great work

[@xxkyojinxx2893]

This channel is so underrated. Good work!

[@rallokkcaz]

This is an amazing channel, it's helped me take tiny bits of information or hunch and put them to the test. Optical computing is definitely the future of home machines, but servers with quantum seem like a bit of a stretch, since superconductors are still far away from being usable at room temp. Keep this up!

[@nickpatyk8050]

thank you so much, beautiful work my friend!

[@Jahspecs1]

This is extremely exciting!!! Think of the endless applications!!!

[@apexbro1353]

best qc video ive seen ever! gj :) and thank you

[@hardencryption]

Your channel makes me remember Cold fusion and thats a very good thing. Great content :)

[@Confederalist]

Man your channel is awesome. You are this Isaac Arthur of tech. Hopefully you grow as big as his channel soon enough.

[@sarmadnajim4839]

Thanks for the information

[@giorgiogiacomelli6932]

love this channel and also the fact that reminds me of coldfusion. just need to slow it down to 0.75 to keep up >D amazing job!

[@SebastianSanchez65]

Keep going boyyyy , this channel is going PLACES!!!!

[@TVmadethemdoit]

How much time was spent producing this? The graphics are amazing

[@johnmc8159]

Thank you for creating and sharing this excellent video. If there is a follow up, can I suggest a drill down on the section 5.20 - 6.20. Once again thanks for sharing

[@evilbred974]

The quality of these videos is outstanding. Why do you not have more views?

[@abdoumenouer7762]

With that kind of power would it be possible to create a real life simulation ? or at least a full dive virtual reality ?

[@bonniedean9495]

yee

[@kyokushinkenbukaishinkaj.8382]

probably 50 or 51 Qubits

[@isaiahphillip4112]

The difficulty of full dive virtual reality is not finding the actual computational power to run the game/simulation (well it is a problem, just not the biggest one). The biggest thing holding back full dive virtual reality is our understanding of the brain and how complicated it is, we don't know anywhere near enough about the brain to interface it with a computer in the way that is necessary for full dive. Probably at least 30 years off.

[@Inertia888]

@Sir Hiffwe it feels like ever since the 1990's we have been strapped to a rocket, blasting out into the unknown, just accelerating indefinitely.

[@Jh0than]

Awesome content delivery and animation.. I think if you improved your sound quality these videos would be perfect. ✌🏻

[@BattousaiHBr]

what? his voice is already so deep and crisp.

[@dendritedigital2430]

There is a classic idea about the Lorentz Transformation that is incomplete... If a spaceship accelerates at one Earth gravity toward the Andromeda Galaxy from the spaceman's perspective, he gets there in 28 years. Assuming he has matched the Earth's velocity at Andromeda, does he see 2.4 million lightyears of distance to Earth? That means he has traveled at nearly 90,000 times the speed of light.

[@frozencode5238]

i am a simple man when i see SP uploaded new video i click

[@joshgibson7527]

I click harder.

[@133llala9]

@@joshgibson7527 i click with my :)

[@kzsposeidon3121]

Do one on cyper security!!! Really liked your videos!

[@soberdrunkard3854]

I love your videos, man! Also, you don't have to focus just on computing and the like only, you can try other stuff too if you feel like it, because it will become increasingly harder to find new material related to the future technology... All I am saying is that the thing I like the most about you, is that you get straight to the point, you explain it thoroughly and focus on helping us understand the topic to the best of your ability while maintaining the flow of the presentation of your video in a clear and well-thought manner. IF in the future you want to try something else, don't be afraid to do so. You will be surprised to see that people will like them nonetheless. Sincerely yours, a recent subscriber.

[@dominiqueakers4651]

You've earned one subscriby boii.

[@TaginusOfAinusgard]

I love this channel.

[@BattousaiHBr]

props for disclaiming the difference between a general quantum computer and the kind of quantum computer d-wave and others are using, which is much more limited in its application (they can't break RSA encryption if i'm not mistaken, as opposed to a general QC).

[@tastegw]

but can it run crysis?

[@kac5527]

Technically you can, But practically you can't they are never designed for games. As you see on the video they are useful where the possibilities grows exponential.

[@Carlos-iu2me]

Yes at 30fps

[@DaveKeil]

No it will be horrible at linear problems.

[@Yeet42069]

They are designing it for everything, a system like this is best used in the cloud with a usage fee. And for gaming this will be spectacular, not neccesarily for running them but imagine creating ecosystems with enough computational power to mimic the creation of life from primal to advanced, ones that can create entire planets and civilizations along with stories behind them. Maybe a bit far fetched but I don't think they are out of the scope for quantum computing in a cloud.

[@Yeet42069]

@2222222222 222 True, it is unachievable if you take the hard way out by starting from scratch, but nothing some deep learning ai can't fix :P. It's still far fetched but I don't think its unachievable if we combine different technologies aiming for a single goal that has the room to calculate itself over time (months maybe).

[@yvesparis6611]

Very nice presentation.

[@madscientistshusta]

You should cover the new nanotube computers that are a inorganic recreation of the brain,they work on a 32bit rather than binary using axions and the like to comunicate,said to be able to do petabite computing and crazy organic problem solving,they say its the future of ai hardware!

[@viniciusbueno2160]

That's insane!!! Do you have any links to that?

[@TDefton]

Mu h work in this video! Good job and good explanation!

[@Relaxing137]

Amazing video

[@stephenjoel9417]

nice vid, thanks

[@aliwaseem5990]

thanks alot

[@buckrogers5331]

I get the basic idea, but I would love to see how an actual problem is solved in and out of the system. I get that in the classical system, information is represented by bits and bytes and worked through logic gates until an answer is arrived at. How does the process work in quantum mechanics? A step-by-step practical example, please?

[@AmbientMorality]

Are you still here? I can give an example if you want, but the general answer is that problems either require a ton of number theory background or are very contrived. At a minimum linear algebra knowledge is needed

[@buckrogers5331]

Hi, that would be most lovely. Pls do give an example! I've have RF engineering background so, do go ahead.

[@timonix2]

there is a great video lecture aimed at computer engineers. A computer engineer is not really interested in the physics behind the machine, instead thinking something close to "how do I run doom on this?". This video is the place to get started kzbin.info/www/bejne/fJC1mqSgmc1lpa8

[@KXSWORKS]

I liked just from the very start

[@Inertia888]

QC requires cold temps and no light environment. So is it fundamentally a low energy state that they are going for? Does mass affect Q processing? Gravity?

[@truthseekers5322]

Do we even have any good quantuam computers out right now working or just waiting to whip em out

[@alfred3009]

Could you please do a video on the future of data storage? Just an idea

[@MistressOP]

can we get a deeper look at Quantum computing in video games?

[@saisrikargollamudi7892]

How about a video on spintronics?

[@y__h]

Why don't you have more subs when you have such amazing contents? I'd help you with one. Thanks for making this video!

[@4XLibelle]

Excellent video--I think. It was interrupted so many times by ads and self-promotion that it became akin to watching TV. I teach at a university and while I would love to show this to my classes I cannot as the ads make it impractical and interrupts the flow. Too bad.

[@ShadowPoet]

In the double slit experiment, they're talking about photons not electrons as you stated in 1:08...

[@rishabhshah8845]

bro you are awesome. 👍👍👍👍👍👍

[@factsheet4930]

Nice!

[@fathiyul]

amazing vid

[@tomojeetchakraborty5459]

Nice vedio knowledgeable

[@-1JaiShreeRam]

I like your all video ❤️

[@ronerickson8083]

Your next computer chip should be a powdered beryllium it is a natural micro-transistor. Capability of 732 to 738 trillion bits per second and tested on a Transistor SOST. Just brush the powdered element on a blank chip and put it in the computer, it will start talking and telling you anything so please test it. Continue with a blank chip bigger in area this could raise the capability to 777 trillion bits per second but that is only about an 8.37% difference. 777 is the absolute maximum to make a good robot install it in a robot and they can make anything good possible. Such as an MRI that is surgical and painless during the operation. Create more robots:. Robots can create each other like a big pyramid scheme with each level they can make more and more. They can all stand any kind of weather so they can stay outside forever if need be. Please ask them about lasers and guns. They can make guns and lasers safe for everyone. ASK FOR THEIR COMMAND STRUCTURE it makes it easier to work with them.

[@madscientistshusta]

The future is just. Ah so great to alive!

[@abdAlmajedSaleh]

D-Wave announced a 5000 qubit system available mid-2020

[@Koplerio]

I still don't think that QC's will be only used for clouds... Same as in the past- those will get smaller and smaller and soon small enough for commercial applications. Esp. once energy from fusion reactors are a commercially usable thing, energy to cool down Q-bits won't be a huge problem either.

[@kaz7378]

If Computer can understand binary language. What if binary language be replace by superposition language or quantum language that computer can understand it?

[@MrThabe7hum]

I love your videos. Thank you for the effort. However, the sound is unbearable. I don't know how you're engineering it, but your voice sounds like it's emerging from Bass. It sounds loud, solid, horizontally linear, and almost fuzzy! Please fix the sound. I love your videos. The IBM lady sounded perfect. Please mimic that. Thank you.

[@RainMan52]

the IBM lady lmao!!

[@artiomvas]

Animation is incredible and informational content is awesome, but the sound side is a bit lacking. I don't mind the voice recording (it is slightly muffled or smth), or narration (a bit monotonous) - I'm not here to listen to poetry. But MAN those constant WHOOSH and POP sounds whenever something appears/disappears! Could you please stop using them? They do not fit overall tone and theme of tech vids.

[@serbiangamer]

How the hell you know all this stuff ? For what I have figured it out here, quantum cpu is like the new best brain AI can get at this moment. To us humans, its potential can not be fully exploited, but AI will take massive leap with it.

[@ganaraminukshuk0]

I had to stop the vid to see if "spooky action at a distance" was a real thing. Apparently it was.

[@karolbagh3793]

How practical is quantum computing ??

[@dation0000]

ok i will simplify it for you my friend . you know we have 64bit computers right ? well if you had a 64 qubit computer you would have more possibilities than all the atoms in the universe! meaning you could essentially simulate the universe 1:1

[@totalermist]

axon magnus - that's nonsense. Here's why: quantum computing *is not* general computing. Only a limited subset of algorithms can be performed efficiently by quantum computers. This kind of misinformation does a great disservice to the people involved in the research of quantum computing.

[@dation0000]

dont bring reason and logic into this!

[@totalermist]

I know I shouldn't but this really grinds my gears. IBM's Watson showed perfectly what happens if you let marketing and evangelists just babble along all day without the engineers and practitioners intervening from time to time. Here's a nice article that points at what I mean by that: www.healthnewsreview.org/2017/02/md-anderson-cancer-centers-ibm-watson-project-fails-journalism-related/ Quantum mechanics is weird enough as it is, but laymen repeating the same nonsense over and over again does more harm than good when it comes to communicating actual science and engineering. The biggest issue is the constant parroting of "parallelism" and "breaking NP" bollocks. NP complete problems stay NP complete - quantum algorithm or not. It's the BQP-problems ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BQP ) that benefit from quantum computers and instead of starting with the basics, e.g. explaining what computation even means, sensationalist press and many KZbinrs jump straight to "quantum are magic boxes that somehow solve all problems better than classical computers". Hint: they don't. They are shit at general matrix multiplication. They are useless for database transactions. They are perfect for simulating quantum systems, factoring numbers, and _a limited subset_ of search- and optimisation problems. Sorry for the rant, but as I said, this really irks me.

[@rand5]

totalermist can you summarize? Do quantum computers capable of busting cryptographic hashes exist or not? I'm guessing not.

[@saifunazar322]

easily u can make million subscribers

[@faizshaikh476]

Can it run mario at full settings thou?

[@Syllas95]

Final song pls

[@dodgermonster6470]

Well we’ve reached Quantum supremacy

[@saisrikargollamudi7892]

You haven't mentioned 72 quit machine by Google.

[@kokomanation]

I don’t know how easy it will be to create quantum devices I have heard that quantum processors work at minus 273 kelvin to keep zero entropy

[@techsinc]

I am sorry, but a lot of what is said here regarding quantum mechanical results are not correct or precise. I came in search of a concrete example (you know like explaining the Hello World program line by line). Did I hear "Bayesian probability spread" at 6:03? Care to explain priors and posteriors in this? I implore ... someone ... please, explain how the computing is done without satellite broadcasting of quantum that or quantum this ... Enough of us know them really well. Apologize for being critical.

[@vesuviusmount9120]

Yep 'Bayesian prob spread' also made me double take.

[@l.light_9]

❤️

[@mubashir1096]

Your voice is very fast

[@pratik1213]

The bass in the sound is so annoyingly high I cant understand asything... awesome content but I wonder how come such poor sound quality.... unbelivable

[@azizahamalia1520]

Nb + Si + Al

[@prashanthb6521]

Slow down please, I watch it at 0.75x.

[@MrFlexNC]

Put some emotion in your talking, it will make you sound less like a robot and will make this from a good to a great video! Otherwise, great work, i learned a lot

[@kookiepatooti]

AaaHmm Cold Fusion.

[@davidporowski9512]

Will make block-chain bitcoin OBSOLETE; since all one-way hashes will be determined to have collisions.TPTB Already have this technology (like the existence of the SR-71).

[@cyberpunkcomplex629]

a little mono tone but great vid just the same.

[@kublai4434]

So how powerful is a 50 quibit computer? All these companies are coming out with their chip, but I don't understand how powerful they are.

[@FlyingOctopus0]

Actualy 50 qubits is not so much(for most quantum algorithms). Real applications(faster than supercomputers) start with about 100-200 qubits range. Mostly in simulating QM like protein folding and some material science. Also important is quality of qubits if they have small quality we need additional 1k-2k qubits for quantum corrections. So most focus is on quality of qubits, because adding more qubits is much more difficult and gain is comparrable.

[@Inertia888]

@@FlyingOctopus0 Hi FO0, if you're still around.. do you have a source for understanding quality in Qbits? I didn't know until know that particles could be of higher or lower "quality" I'm not sure what it means.

[@samik83]

You are watching coldfusion TV....no wait Singularity Prosperity

[@1wow187]

Nuculous?

[@bBrain]

Optical computing to me is far more interesting

[@joeorton1218]

Can't wait to accidentally look into the computer and break the entire thing

[@xavierruiz8388]

I like this. Subscribe.

[@l.l.9806]

Rice to the moon blows my mind but all the way to the next star...tf

[@FFehse-dk9is]

I forgot to mention: Theres a BIG difference between "logical" qubits and "physical" qubits! when you talk about algorithms you mean logical qubits. But due to errors created by interaction with the environment, you need many many more physical qubits to store one logical qubit. "Surface Codes" e.g. need ~100+ physical qubits for one logical qubit. And for algorithms you need "ancillary" qubits (like cpu memory) as well! So for a "real working" quantumcomputer youre at the order of thousands if not millions of physical qubits! Thats a long way to go - considering they just managed 50. TT

[@JWSU]

God is genius right? For us to comprehend the laws and states that apply to physics is just evidence enough that the probability of a big bang type of particle collection to make life is zero.

[@tebbet2381]

10:42 please say that again. Too many quantum's

[@CattleRustlerOCN]

Quantum Entanglement? Half-life 3 CONFIRMED!!!

[@flyferrari458]

Now imagine a robot with this type of knowledge. And that’s how they will take over. The typical human doesn’t know what 66x9 is without using a calculator. And you’re saying this system will be so quick it will break thru encryption in hour. Amazing . Great Video

[@artiomvas]

Subbed. Animation is incredible and informational content is awesome, but the sound side is a bit lacking. I don't mind the voice recording (it is slightly muffled or smth), or narration (a bit monotonous) - I'm not here to listen to poetry. But MAN those constant WHOOSH and POP sounds whenever something appears/disappears! Could you please stop using them? They do not fit overall tone and theme of tech vids.

[@SisavatManthong-yb1yn]

👾♎🌚🥶🤢🦠👅🌝🌚 am seeing a gaint glowing gpt AI rollbottics Moon 🌝! When earth reach 2026&2028

[@themanfromthemoon1326]

Do you want Skynet? Cause this is how you get Skynet...

[@Saiyajin47621]

no, this is how skynet gets you.

[@BattousaiHBr]

not really. if you want skynet, we're talking about AI, not QC.

[@monkeyrobotsinc.9875]

we need skynet, at the very least, to optimize and fix the red light issues while driving. at most to wipe the plaque that is humanity from the face of the earth. either way.

[@firekingM101]

I for one welcome our robot/cyber overlords

[@viniciusbueno2160]

I ask myself a lot why people insist on humanizing AI all the time

[@ching-chiehchen8752]

V