There are videos with millions of views that give us zero information and bad video quality. This is the first ps4 controller disassembly guide, that is satisfying to watch! Thanks
@RestoreTechnique4 жыл бұрын
Yay! Thanks man :)
@2500lild3 жыл бұрын
Fax
@ralph13893 жыл бұрын
Fr thanks a lot tho
@InterdimensionalDudeMan3 жыл бұрын
Yeah i actually realized i am unqualified to do these repairs. The other videos gave me false confidence. Unfortunately PS4 remotes have become so hard to find I'm getting desperate. I may have to buy the soldering kit and get to work.
@wheezsr3 жыл бұрын
@@InterdimensionalDudeMan I'm in the same boat I have three controllers all with different issues. Now I have to take apart two of them to make one good one but always screw up those clip things and break them when I disassemble this stuff. Been watching bunch of videos if anybody has any more tips on what not to do would be greatly appreciated.
@yellowjacket36683 жыл бұрын
I'm the luckiest man in the world I pop open the controller without knowing about the ribbon cable and it unpluged itself perfectly
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
😄👍
@kevinbarnett20603 жыл бұрын
@@RestoreTechnique t
@cryptogods54283 жыл бұрын
After reading this literally the same thing happened to me.
@_kingclutchx_19173 жыл бұрын
It’s not fragile, I take apart my controller all the time, and did this a lot didnt break it once
@yellowjacket36683 жыл бұрын
@@_kingclutchx_1917 kinda because it a ribbon cable
@old_account46303 жыл бұрын
Finally a video which actually shows how to disassemble a DualShock 4 properly, I couldn't find a video which shows how to deal with the clips, some even skipped that process.
@austiny20283 жыл бұрын
I. Rome my controller 8 times still fixed it 😭
@austiny20283 жыл бұрын
Broke
@itsmesteve10813 жыл бұрын
Asmr ftw
@cynder49183 жыл бұрын
Anyone who doesn’t want to risk their anolag disc. Just try blowing into the sticks when you open them carefully and pull dog hairs out if you have any. Great video!
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
Cheers :)
@BuilderUnited3 жыл бұрын
Just like all the rest of the comments are saying, i will add and say that this is a superb quick tutorial! As simple as can be while not missing anything. Thanks. P.S. Scuf thumbsticks no matter the size and shape fit perfectly onto the stock ps4 modules.
@demonplayz40323 жыл бұрын
THANKS I'm 14 and you helped me fix it in 2 minuets your the best
@Sr_iRL3 жыл бұрын
I think the only tip left out here was to make sure you’re in a well ventilated room/area if you do decide to solder anything not just the controller. Other than that this is the best ps4 controller disassembly video I found. Cheers everyone and game on!
@wrathcamilo11 ай бұрын
Why?
@Sr_iRL11 ай бұрын
@@wrathcamilo breathing the smoke/fumes is bad, here is a small excerpt from a quick google search: Inhalation of dusts and fumes may cause irritation of the upper respiratory tract. Inhalation of freshly formed metal oxides may cause metal fume fever, a brief (24-48 H) flu-like illness. Inhalation of tin oxide may cause pneumonia.
@adamcolbertmusic5 ай бұрын
@@wrathcamilo soldering wire is often around 40% lead, so you don't want to breathe in the fumes
@calosa11274 жыл бұрын
"Cool people leave likes" Yup. It's tough being cool😎
@Desvaswarrior2 жыл бұрын
Have taken apart ps controllers and Xboxes in the past I never thought I'd have so much trouble with a controller and now my controller is fixed and it isn't sticking anymore thank u for making the video.
@mariosbross14 жыл бұрын
Thanks for this video i fixed my controller. I didn’t feel comfortable at first to solder on my controller but it all went good
@RestoreTechnique4 жыл бұрын
Awesome! Well done 😄
@mafiapig3493 жыл бұрын
Lmao my shit broke
@waveydaveygaming81073 жыл бұрын
@@mafiapig349 damn😭
@elijxhbtw62773 жыл бұрын
@@mafiapig349 😭😭😭
@kalingenin2 жыл бұрын
@@mafiapig349 same D:
@Brocknoth5 ай бұрын
I love DIY stuff like this. Been opening my electronics and cleaning/maintaining them for years. Thank you for your awesome step by step guide kind sir!
@colbywallace1113 жыл бұрын
Thanks 👍 just saved me 85$ Left thumb stick was not responding to up input. Pried contact open, gave it a nice cleaning, put it all back together and works perfectly again
@sasko1234567893 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much for making this vid. Super helpful and made the experience of taking apart the controller and cleaning it waaaay less scarier.
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
You're welcome 😊
@razyel933 жыл бұрын
This video takes in consideration some details that other videos don't. I've never done this in it actually worked. I am glad that I do not need do change the entire stick. Thank you so much man you are awesome ✌🏻
@EmperorsNewWardrobe2 ай бұрын
3:49 this is the detail I’ve been scrolling through tutorials for
@samuelnatal80143 жыл бұрын
Really like how you put the camera so we were able to see what you did. You get a thumbs up just for that.
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
Cheers :)
@Dokka-Bae3 жыл бұрын
Trying to open the controller was harder there are many scratches outside but its working like a charm thanks
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
Cool 👍
@kevinhomra48692 жыл бұрын
Dude thank you for this, my right joystick was starting to move steady to the left, and randomly twitch up. You saved my sanity ❤
@RestoreTechnique Жыл бұрын
Awesome, ur welcome
@RedwolfDogrocket2 жыл бұрын
*accidentally powers up ps4 putting back together* Analog no longer just going up.... It worked. It worked! IT WORKED!! Thank you so much!
@RestoreTechnique2 жыл бұрын
Awesome, well done. I often press the PS button accidentally when fixing controllers, and my housemate is downstairs watching TV and the PS comes on all of a sudden 😆
@marcquezwilliams553 жыл бұрын
You really just explaind how I can get a visual read before using it on the game thanks so much time cut in half
@jlucsol19473 жыл бұрын
This worked for my left analog stick- it was sticking *no pun intended* and your visuals helped me fix it thank you.
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
That's great 👍
@nicholaslynch76943 жыл бұрын
The timing on the like shake down earned my like
@daniel.4k1462 ай бұрын
I thought that my controller wouldn't work after I did this but to my surprise, it does works and without any drift! Thank you so much
@Rex211Bacon3 жыл бұрын
I just took apart my controller and did this. I didn’t think I’d be able to get it back together when I took it apart but I actually fixed my analog sticks and the buttons! Thank you!
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
That's great! 😀
@waddupbr0ski2 жыл бұрын
Thx for making this video, without this video I’d be lost
@RestoreTechnique2 жыл бұрын
No worries 👍
@antonitobendrito22433 жыл бұрын
Mate, you have no idea how helpful this was. My problem was left analog stick drifting up every few seconds, so I focused only on that and didn't do any extra stuff you did in this video. Also since I am fairly clever person, I changed sticks since original left stick was without gum etc. Now I am ready to get my 6 wins in fifa 21 weekend league. No more drifting!!! Thank you, good man.
@iamtrue._.91813 жыл бұрын
Thx
@perfectgame20102 жыл бұрын
To be honest I have no hope whacthing these tutorial to fix the drif problem.... But it works there was white resine and a black corrosion on the joystick i clean it with isopropyl alcohol and problem resolved thanks a lot for these video
@36marty3 жыл бұрын
Great video, I've got water in my controller and I'm more confident to open it now after watching your video. Thanks very much. Best one so far on KZbin 👍👍
@SirAnarkyEDM2 жыл бұрын
This with other controllers helped me fix the button I needed to fix without having to buy a new controller thanks!!!!!
@RestoreTechnique Жыл бұрын
No worries 👍
@perspectivemeditation76483 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much brother man! been skeptical to do this for months, but thankfully you showed me clearly and my joysticks are NORMAL again i thank you !
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
That's awesome, cheers :)
@sonnykim67553 жыл бұрын
Luckily i didnt have to solder anything because i dont have one but i cleaned up the analogs and recalibrated the controller. It works now.
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
Awesome 👍
@sonnykim67553 жыл бұрын
@@RestoreTechnique thank you for showing me man! Saved me $50
@BFG_10G2 жыл бұрын
Wonderful tutorial. I didn't do the soldering stuff. Felt a little too risky for me. But everything else worked.
@mnu11042 жыл бұрын
Word
@Matth3w-wilАй бұрын
Soldering isn’t bad, I took a class on it. The only thing is you do need to have a good kit and steady hands or else your solder will look like 💩
@BrahiemHylton6 ай бұрын
Well done, my controller was broken for months and now it's fixed.
@Oripave2 жыл бұрын
who else feels like an untrained surgeon while doing this lol
@mrboosh5063 ай бұрын
Today I am learnt
@thomascool13353 жыл бұрын
this man deserve heaven
@cherifmihoub9223 жыл бұрын
One of the best Soldering works i saw in YT.. Clean Job Bro.. Thank You.. And Good Luck ❤ Subscribed for sure.. Continue ✌
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
😃 Thanks!
@DeeBellwether2 жыл бұрын
thanks to this i was able to restore function to my controller. the tools cost me under 20 bucks, i saved at least 40.
@RestoreTechnique2 жыл бұрын
Sweet, nice work 👍
@TruMine903 жыл бұрын
My nemesis the ribbons. These things just don’t wanna go back in.
@Matth3w-wilАй бұрын
Yeah just the one ribbon that holds both sides together was a pretty big pain. One half would get in and the other would be out so I had to lock in and perfectly place it into the hole.
@Nebilis2 жыл бұрын
Thanks, i had a serious drift on both sticks and I only used this controller for like 100 to 120 hours (I don't play ps4 that much since I bought it). I have two controllers and one was very faulty, never had the motivation to return it to Sony. This video helped me open the beast and clean the sticks. Now it's as good as new (plugged in to my PC to see how the sticks were acting before and after cleaning them). Many thanks! It was simple!
@RestoreTechnique2 жыл бұрын
Sweet 👍
@leon-Furl0ng3 жыл бұрын
It was like asmr. I almost got slept.
@shaniecesmith43283 жыл бұрын
This video deserves more than a like
@Tompalino804 жыл бұрын
Great video and great job man! I had problem opening controler 😏 Thank you mate!
@APRP13 Жыл бұрын
I know I'm going to sound repetitive but man oh man you really did help me out so much and I'm thankful for you video and thank for the info to help others. Great Job! Thank you again!
@hyspecs79064 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the amazing content! So satisfying!
@lastprism04132 жыл бұрын
thank you for listing the specific type or model of equipment you used so I can go and buy or get it. 10/10
@RestoreTechnique2 жыл бұрын
🙂👌
@marcchavira10363 жыл бұрын
This has helped so much I've been having problems with the sway in one of my controllers and I had already cleaned the metal prongs and the pad that they lay on and nothing helped THANK YOU SO MUCH!!
@ShatteredReaper263 жыл бұрын
Whew You Saved My PS4 Gold Controller Analog Stick It Had Been Not Letting Me Sprint On a Majority Of My Games Especially Dying Light Thanks Alot Man ✌🏼😝
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
Excellent 👍
@Dexdlysinz3 жыл бұрын
If you ever get a pre owned controller at game stop, this is what you get. They get used controller that was broken or don’t function correctly, they repair it and clean it and give it back to game stop so people can buy it.
@absurdanemone1043 жыл бұрын
At first all of this seemed overwhelming but with a bit of patiance i could do it easily. Thank you for the video it saved my fifa weekend league!
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
😃👍
@SkyFly1023 жыл бұрын
Kimoi kimoi kimoi kimoi
@TheGoober21003 жыл бұрын
Thanks for showing the locations of the clasps no one else shows that
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
No problem! I've been frustrated with other videos in the past, so I made sure mine was clear 👍
@JL-cn1qi3 жыл бұрын
Finally a video that clearly shows where the clips are on the 2 shells .
@afraazkhan21353 жыл бұрын
Amazing video man!👍👍I was looking for this solution and hopefully you showed everything clearly. Please keep posting on other repairability of components like power supply, disc drive etc. It is of great help man!!
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
Cheers man 😃
@AngeliqueNade3 жыл бұрын
My controller is a different model, but taking it apart and replacing the parts were relatively similar. Thank you for sharing this video.
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
Cool, thanks 😄
@andreslanza33203 жыл бұрын
Thank you!!!! I bought a new controller a month ago and it started to stick drift yesterday (I like to play FPS so the run button always gets messed up) I did exactly what you did, cleaned it and put it back together and it’s not drifting anymore!!!! It was driving me insane. Thank you!!
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
That's awesome 👍
@NicksBricks3 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much! I had this controller sitting in a plastic bag useless for 3 months. Now I can finally use it again.
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
Sweet 👍
@entertainmentfan14633 жыл бұрын
What's amazing is that I came looking for this video exactly for this reason while playing Last of Us 1. It's a pretty hilarious coincidence.
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
Haha nice, tailor made for you 👌
@DeanPregler Жыл бұрын
Thank you. Had a drifting right controller and non working down D pad. I told my daughter I figured a 3% chance I fixed it. Works perfect now. I used electrical cleaner though.
@brunolemos15873 жыл бұрын
Amazing video! All the close ups, step by step guide and edition! Fantastic!
@hustlehard717510 ай бұрын
Thank you ..had a old ps4 joystick still almost brand new. Had bad drift i seen your vid and right arou d 4:25 i cleaned those components and waaaalaaaaa working perfect
@parvildrobu3 жыл бұрын
Had crazy vertical drift on right analog stick, I've fixed this by cleaning, using your video :) Thanks!
@PVEDAYZXB2 жыл бұрын
Sadly my left stick drift didn't get fixed from this teardown. I cleaned everything, still have issues probably a bent contact or something. New controller time u guess 😔
@jaeeski-4272 жыл бұрын
Yo bro this video was helpful as hell. It helped removed a little bit of the drift, but not all I appreciate ya
@RestoreTechnique2 жыл бұрын
😀👍
@MattSanipass-wq9ju3 жыл бұрын
Wish i watched this before opening mine
@ktb68653 жыл бұрын
This is so satisfying to watch, from start to finish
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
Cool 😀
@LM-uz4pr3 жыл бұрын
You saved my controller, I cleaned the contacts and good to go
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
Fantastic 😃
@petergut64453 жыл бұрын
Thank you man, my stuck went wonky during ghost recon and it just needed to be readjusted. Now it almost plays like its new, bless you.
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
That's great, you're welcome!
@RudysFundamental3 жыл бұрын
Great!! Almost watch every video and most of them are super satysfying!!! Man I love your channle!!
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
Cool, thanks Rudy! 😃
@younusahmady80673 жыл бұрын
Bro you need more recognition
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
Thankyou 🙂
@guitarsk8r114 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much! I had jittering in the vertical directions on the left stick, and wiping the contacts with isopropyl alcohol totally fixed it! Great quality video!
@jovencalicdan52643 жыл бұрын
Best guide ever! Fixed my DS4 quickly! Thanks for the guide.
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
Great, thanks! 😀
@ravideepsran76904 жыл бұрын
Great video dude ! 👍🏼
@MamaMo2-2 Жыл бұрын
I watched the whole video and kept thinking, man I hope my controller is just dirty. LOL I saved the video just in case. I have 5 controllers and only 1 works. I am tired of just buying new controllers. Worst case scenario I'll be paying 4 bucks each controller to repair. Thanks for the video.
@RestoreTechnique Жыл бұрын
No worries, good luck 👍
@iAmConfusion3 жыл бұрын
I subbed cause it was the last of us on screen lol
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
Probably my fav game 😄
@riccardopagliara11098 ай бұрын
really very clear, now I know how not to break the clips anymore. but I wanted to add that that white residue inside the potentiometer is a lubricant. that particular model of potentiometer purchased new and opened inside has white lubricant as standard. others however do not have it.
@arbidjafri96754 жыл бұрын
i Love your Work Bro 💪
@dagamerthorshorts10282 жыл бұрын
Best vid ever and it’s a life saver
@talalali83783 жыл бұрын
I couldn’t open it I just closed it back up while hoping to forget the scratches I caused!
@katdaddy4693 жыл бұрын
I pulled the screws out of mine. Accidently dropped it on the floor and Wala! It was open lol
@thekeeperoftwindragons59762 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much! My controller has been giving me issues so i watched this so I could take it apart to clean the sticks. It helped!
@RestoreTechnique2 жыл бұрын
Awesome 👍
@thekeeperoftwindragons59762 жыл бұрын
@@RestoreTechnique I'm just glad it works still
@Camromulus3 жыл бұрын
My controller has been having some serious drag, twitching and drift and I was thinking about cleaning it myself but after seeing this I'm gonna just buy a new controller. Lol.
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
😆 Fair enough
@The-gametime3 жыл бұрын
same, not for my hands :)
@trevorray57253 жыл бұрын
As I watch this Im cleaning my controller, pressing pause. Ive been at this for an hour and a half plus I ate some food and even got distracted so honestly I have at least 3.5 hours invested into my controller and this video and Im telling myself "lots of tedious care required for this specific procedure... I wish" Ive been cut off from my 🚂 of 💬 with a genius pick I will add "getting things done like i have a goal" type of music and my frustration is gone 😄 Thanks Dude! Great video overl all for texts instead of an audible narrative Editing on point with the timing. I would like to see more animations and sound effects. They're fun 😄
@alfonsoa91973 жыл бұрын
Great video ! No B.S... just the way it should be. **Spoiler alert** I particularly liked how your first remedy didn't fix the problem... leading into the final solution. SUB'D
@thegrandadmiral43802 жыл бұрын
I'm not even joking I have a red PS4 controller just like this one and while I was playing the Last of Us, my aim keep going to the right or Joel would start strafing. What are the odds! Thanks for the useful video tutorial!
@RestoreTechnique2 жыл бұрын
Haha, uncanny 😮
@tankgirl93243 жыл бұрын
This is a fantastic tutorial! Thank you for uploading and sharing your knowledge!
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
Cheers :)
@lildirty55811 ай бұрын
I just wanna say it’s clear how much time this takes the time spent is worth way more than just buying a new one
@MikeAnthony20073 жыл бұрын
You could have just replaced the sensors inside the potentiometers(the circular spring looking things you said not to bend) you can get. 10 pack on Amazon. Just take out the sensor springs from the ones you ordered and put them in yours. Those things are the cause of drift about 90% of the time. So it would save you the hassle of desoldering anything. The other 10% it’s the metallic connection inside the potentiometers that scrapes off from wear and the sensor spring doesn’t have a good connection. At that point you could just replace the whole potentiometer which you will have to desolder. All in all this controller could have been fixed by just replacing the sensor springs you took out.
@RestoreTechnique Жыл бұрын
The metal discs are called wipers, and they usually don't go "bad", as they're metal, and not heavily spring loaded. It's usually the other part, the carbon track which erodes after extended rubbing by the metal wiper. What makes you say that is the point of failure 90% of the time? I've never seen any videos of people bending back the prongs to restore them 🤔
@DaFullo Жыл бұрын
@@RestoreTechnique Agreed, the thing that wear more are the one that soldered to the board rather than the disc itself. But I think it's possible to just replace the potentiometers itself and save time more time by just desoldering the potentiometers. And another thing that I noticed is that the clip that connects the disc and the carbon track you had for the replacement there is different from the original, so I guess it's the lower quality or fake alps one.
@ivannz33703 жыл бұрын
Omg I can’t believe I took my hole controller apart everything and I fixed all my problems thx so much
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
Awesome 👌
@slickyricky63843 жыл бұрын
Wow...this is crazy... I would still buy another controller tho... I don’t trust myself enough to not mess it up lol
@Ghazi_Al_Tamimi3 жыл бұрын
Yeah me too
@austindraws48763 жыл бұрын
TBF if you’re buying another controller might as well practice so you stop having to buy new ones
@Avaricesenvy3 жыл бұрын
Bro you just saved me 40$ getting a new controller thanks
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
Awesome!
@NapoleonBorn2Party3 жыл бұрын
I have long thumb nails, and I use it as a prying tool. Works everytime
@clubardi3 жыл бұрын
All I did was search how to open a ps4 controller bc needed to know what size screwdriver I needed and funny enough this was the first video I got and by chance, it was the exact problem I've been having
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
Sweet
@greygamer62204 жыл бұрын
Good clean work!
@RegionalRadioShackManager3 жыл бұрын
Thanks the cleaning method worked flawlessly!
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
Sweet 😄
@nickstabz87553 жыл бұрын
The shell is so hard to remove
@matthewdegunst87883 жыл бұрын
Great video! The clips that hold the top and bottom together ended up snapping but that's what the 4 screws on the bottom are for 😂 imo theyre the least important part of the controller so I'm not too phased
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
Thanks! Yeah the clips just hold the controller together a little tighter at the seams, mainly aesthetic.
@rogerdn86653 жыл бұрын
One of the best disassembly videos of this control on all youtube! Great footage, great technique and use of the right tools! I became a fan of your channel! Congratulations!
@lelelel7199 Жыл бұрын
Great Video! I didn‘t expect it to work for me as i don‘t have any experience at all but somehow it did work.Thanks
@RestoreTechnique Жыл бұрын
Awesome 😀👍
@CocoSnicker123 жыл бұрын
Great guide. I'll definitely use this when I clean my DS4. Oh I just wanted to ask about your 5 year old controller with the original sticks, did you ever have any issues with that controller?
@mellodemooz-76043 жыл бұрын
I’ve had a controller prob since the same year ps4 came out and it’s pretty faulty like it won’t even move I only got joystick problems tho thankfully
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
I have never had any issues with it. I've since sold it to my cousin, i hope he hasn't had any issues.
@gregorysomers29862 жыл бұрын
Only video showing proper technique to release chassis. Thank you.
@kongmode3 жыл бұрын
Is this asmr or something , my ears tingling
@THEREALGATES3 жыл бұрын
Did u like it 😈
@immortalpkg89513 жыл бұрын
You saved my life because my controller also did that and my parents said this is the last controller for me thnx
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
Cool 👍
@nateiscool08573 жыл бұрын
I was the one who gave him that red dulshock controller
@RestoreTechnique3 жыл бұрын
I want a refund, it was broken
@nateiscool08573 жыл бұрын
@@RestoreTechnique jk😂
@ShockBot127 Жыл бұрын
Clearly you are very well experienced with all aspects of the modern game controller, though I would like to commend you for the care taken in disassembly. As this is the first time I've seen one taken apart without breaking at least one clip....including my own😂
@RestoreTechnique Жыл бұрын
Haha thanks. I have broken a clip before. They are stubborn bastards.
@ShockBot127 Жыл бұрын
@@RestoreTechnique they certainly can be.
@ShockBot127 Жыл бұрын
Hey. If you don't mind. Like to ask a Quick Question. I have an old controller I'm trying to get going, as my other one is taking nose dive. It sat for quite a while, when plugged back in I get the one second orange light of death. I disassembled found what appears to be speaker just laying on board it almost looked melted. Reassembled did PS/ share button combo had blue for probably 15 min. Was not near PS4 at that time so I hit reset to shut off, as PS button wouldn't shut control off. Now back to orange. PS and share buttons now inactive again. Any help in a cause would be greatly appreciated, as I'm sure you're aware these controllers can be a royal pain in the a**. Thanks in advance for any knowledge/assistance you might lend sir. Edit: Seems it connects when it feels like it after pressing PS buton repeatedly, though only joystick, and X seem to be responding when it feels like turning on...