2118 Permanent Magnets You Can Turn Off And On

[@mikelastname]

I came for the switchable magnet design and I left finally understanding reluctance. Robert, you are a treasure of the internet.

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

wow - cheers mate

[@Renew_You]

Thank you, Robert. You just made my day producing this video. This is a piece of a puzzle that we've been looking for since 2015. I'm excited that I can present this to the group I'm spending time with developing our MoGen Generation II. Simplicity at its finest. Sometimes we don't see the forest for the trees. You helped me see with this offering a part we've overlooked. Over the last month I'm recognizing you as a most valued contributor/producer/teacher. Brilliant! Thank you for sharing...

[@VeniceInventors]

Thank you for this very nice explanation of how switchable magnets works. The part about the field being rerouted makes it very clear.

[@edeaglehouse2221]

I can't wait to make my own magnetic pickup tool for the workshop! I was wondering how to easily disengage a magnet to release what it picks up. Now i know. Thank you! ❤️

[@orpheuscreativeco9236]

Wow! Very handy contraption 🧐👍 Thanks for this Rob! ✌️

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

cheers mate

[@ArcanusLibero]

Fantastic presentation. Thanks for sharing your understanding.

[@Motionmagnetics]

Amazing, Robert! That's the best version of a magnetic switch I've seen on KZbin!

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

oh wow - cheers mate - that is a nice thing to say and i appreciate it

[@peterfelecan3639]

Excellent explanation for an easy application. Thank you.

[@shauryasharma4579]

I caught up just in time. Your videos are just so relaxing yet not boring. So refreshing in today's age.

[@Ucceah]

his passion is so compelling! he knows his stuff, and shares it in a way, that feels like your favourite uncle sitting next to you, teaching you the secrets of the universe .. just because you want to know. not just relaxing and interesting, it feels almost personal. Robert, my namesake, you're SO doing it right!

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

thank you mate and thank you for taking the time to say that

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

oh wow - bless your heart mate and thank you for taking the time to say that

[@miken7629]

Saw a recent video where a guy made a magnetic motor using this principle, had 2 steel pistons on a common crankshaft where one piston would rise when magnetic flux was on while the other piston's flux was off and retreating. Almost looks like a perpetual motion machine.

[@Beats126]

Yeah send the link

[@colleenforrest7936]

Yeah, that sounds interesting!

[@AtlasReburdened]

​@@Beats126No one but the channel owner has been able to put a link in a comment for years.

[@HeywoodJabozoff]

the Flynn motor?

[@Th4thWiseman]

@miken7629, the system only performs momentarily mostly due to flux locking at every interval off and on of the magnetic array! A flywheel only sustains the (perpetual) motion to overcome the flux lock although it inevitable slows down in time and stops. What looks immediately to the eye as a gain is not actually a gain and employing this particular method fails when utilised as a solo source to operate from. Coupling multiple devices of several different atrophic ailments and syncing them in time where one picks up at peak performance as another wanes in series is key to perpetual motion, although many fail to do this due to time, money and foresight of capacity via use of coupling system to self sustain. There is a NO ONE STOP SHOP to perpetuity it's a conjoined collage of multiples to enhance each other contained in a loop cycle, whilst eliminating everything as much as possible that yields an entropy redundancy.

[@Red9GearHeads]

I sure do love magnets. Rob have you seen Motion magnets video on the magnet switching cylinder he’s made? A permanent magnet center with a rotating shield. Designed to shield the repulsive force then move allowing the pulling force to act. Pretty interesting.

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

I haven't mate - but have look at what wikipaedia says on magnetic switching - you will see a drawing of the essential elements there - or at least what i think are the essential elements from what you say

[@stuffoflardohfortheloveof]

Brill Rob.....best explanation I've seen on these and now I'll definitely be making/adapting these for my woodworking machines. Saw them years ago but selling at crazy high prices. Been doing a lot of 3d printing lately and so this will be another project 🙂Thanks a bundle! 👍

[@thesentientneuron6550]

Latching relays using this with magnetic amplifiers, low-loss mechanical DC step-up or step-down with magnetic core inductors, small angular or linear displacement high efficiency generators...I sooo want to try making these myself using the stuff you showed in this video Rob. Love it!

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

go for it mate

[@Speaking_on_mute]

Those are the thoughts that struck me here.

[@Johny40Se7en]

Damn that's cool 🙂 When you show a quick build and demonstration at the end, it reminds me of a video I saw about magnetic transmissions.

[@heindevries5646]

Robert you have an absolute brilliant mind.

[@maranmarantakeiteazie]

simple and beautiful - pure zen! thanks Rob!

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

cheers mate

[@zman28159]

You would make a good teacher. I enjoy listening to your simple descriptive explanations. Thank you for making your videos.

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

Wow, thank you!

[@valveman12]

Cool build Robert. I made two pernament magnet locks 4 years ago. A youtuber named Andrew Klein first made his out of wood, and then 3D printed his final version. The concept is the same, just a little different in design. If you have not seen his design, just search "3D Print a Magnetic Switch, and how it works". Great job Robert👍👍

[@silbo432]

What comes to mind immediately, is that permanent magnet motor problem when the forces counteract the flow; if one could use the principle shown here to overcome that point...... Great food for thought! Thanks for sharing!

[@woolymittens]

In my experience, a couple Gin and Tonics can greatly reduce "reluctance". 🤣

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

lol

[@trevorhaakenson8459]

I also love that you put challenge the argument not the person in the guidelines! I say that same thing a lot I say the issue instead of argument but same thing. If everyone did this the world would be a better place😊

[@michaelrussell2891]

they amazed me 50 odd years ago wheni first used a surface grinder never understood it the time thank you for explaning it

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

it is amazing mate - cheers

[@HansHartman]

You really give me great ideas, Robert. Thank you for sharing your passion.

[@cato6476]

And the next natural step, is something that we're all able to see 😉 there is a great potensial for different "highly efficient" arrangements here, and I hope soon to be even more enlightened by Mr Murray-Smith! 🧐🤞😌🙏⚡

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

cheers mate

[@Destr360]

Wow when I needed you most you were here

[@reeferbeleafer9912]

Uncanny ain't it ?

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

lol - cheers mate

[@littleworkshopofhorrors2395]

Magnetic chucks loosing power reminded me of a tale an old boss told of working in a machine shop during WW2, if the lights went out during an air raid you automatically ducked because you knew things would start flying from the surface grinders mag chucks.

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

lol - nice story mate lol

[@BrianMeeks]

I look forward to these videos every day. Brilliant!!!

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

wow - cheers mate

[@markpurcell8075]

This is used in magnetic door holders that hold doors open, basically two halves of a horseshoe shape with a cylinder shaped magnet with N on one side of the cylinder and S on the other (not N at one end and S on the other), placed in the middle. In one orientation the horseshoe halves become N and S and can hold a door open, but rotate the cylinder 90 degrees and they lose their magnetism and the door closes.

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

cheers mate

[@nigelbarrett2364]

Lifting 800lb's parts with a magnet today. Magnet has a top safe limit of 1 ton.

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

that is heavy!

[@tallisman57]

Research Ed Leedskalin the creator of Coral Gate later renamed Coral Castle he created a magnetic holder,. It's an electro magnet that continues holding after you remove power to it.

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

it's probably an electropermanent magnet mate

[@ryanjamesloyd6733]

Now, the permanent-electromagnetic chuck- This is a thing that's been kicking around in my head for a bit (good to know it actually works/exists... i guess that's how many electric door locks work, huh?) Depending upon how Strong your electromagnet needs to be to reroute the magnetic flux (which I have been unable to determine by searching and asking) it seems like you could make a motionless alternator to cause a coil to generate, by containing and reinforcing very strong permanent magnets on either side. So instead of having to pay the energetic cost of moving large magnets, you could perhaps, use a small amount of electricity to "wobble" the flux of the more powerful magnets back and forth across a large coil. It seems like a place where we may be able to hack physics to our advantage. So instead of building a large wind turbine, say, make a small manageable one, and apply That to wobbling the flux of big magnets around a big coil. I have yet to figure out quite how to create this to test it. But at least I know what the thing is called now so maybe I can find an answer and not reinvent the wheel, as it were.

[@ryanjamesloyd6733]

Seems like the concept could Also be used to drive a rotor- again, I don't know if the input on the electromagnet to contain the flux would have to be so high it makes the permanent magnets superfluous- but if your permanent magnet is doing the Work, and your electromagnets are just rerouting, or reinforcing the flux, it just seems like a place you might be able to get more bang for your energetic input buck, like in a heat-pump.

[@julianfelipe4943]

​@@ryanjamesloyd6733Yes, the Motionless Electric Generator by Tom Bearden uses this concept. He built working devices and obtained Patents for these devices.

[@arcomondoestablishito]

Look up Patent US6362718B1

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

it is how they work mate

[@rickdsanchez6452]

Sounds like a possible motor design that would have low input high output

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

it certainly is interesting - there are quite a few switched flux and reluctance designs out there

[@grendel1960a]

magnets have another property, in that if you heat them, the magnetism disappears at a certain temperature, I recently picked up a couple of professional soldering irons that use this principle, and the soldering tips contain magnets, when cold these magnets attract the connector inside the soldering iron, and this makes the circuit and heats the tip, when the tip reaches its operating temperature, the magnet gets demagnetised and the circuit breaks, of course the tip starts cooling, so the magnet becomes magnetic again and makes the connection to reheat, this ensures a steady temperature at the tip, controlled by the magnets, I would imagine different temperature tips are controlled by the material of the magnet and what temperature it demagnetises. its called the magnastat and uses the curie effect?

[@Andy-df5fj]

It must be a special magnetic material in the soldering iron because many magnet types, especially neodymium, will not recover their magnetism once they cool back down.

[@grendel1960a]

@@Andy-df5fj I am not sure if its a magnet or attracted to a magnet to be honest, look up the curie point magnetic heat engine for a demonstration using nickel.

[@grendel1960a]

i have researched this and now believe the magnet is in the soldering iron / switch end, and the material on the tip is ferromagnetic, and its that material that loses its magnetic ability to attract the magnet at a set temperature, so the magnet on the switch is moveable and is attracted to the metal on the tip, and when the tip loses its ability to be attracted to the magnet a small spring moves the contact / magnet away from the tip, breaking the circuit- but it is another type of magnetic switch.

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

aren't you talking about the Curie point mate? In which case I am surprised the magnetic effect returns

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

ah - lol - cheers mate

[@matthewlam9416]

By turning on and off wouldn't it be like cutting flux lines? If so, wouldn't it generates electricity? If so, then it would be like a motor.

[@julianfelipe4943]

Yes, exactly! See the Motionless Electric Generator. Use search terms *ais bearden*

[@SamHill-sl6ul]

Yes, this has been done and it works, and has been scientifically documented.

[@arcomondoestablishito]

Look up US6362718B1

[@elaisakasan6106]

@@SamHill-sl6ul Got Metglass?

[@matthewlam9416]

@@SamHill-sl6ul Can you provide the document?

[@Eluderatnight]

I can see this making a very nice lathe face plate with a few tweaks.

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

i think it would indeed mate - cheers

[@weekendstuff]

That's a really interesting little gadget. Thanks for sharing.

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

It really is!

[@skiptoacceptancemdarlin]

the hyphenated name throws people off. you're not an idiot at all!

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

well thank you mate - nice of you to say so

[@joshhoman]

Old iron, steel and alnico magnets needed keepers because they were unstable and demagnetized easily, but modern magnets do not need them as they are much more permanent. Those "keepers" may have been used on those rare earth magnets to keep them from sticking to everything else and wreaking havoc with the postal equipment while they were being mailed. They would not be needed to maintain flux as rare earth magnets are quite stable.

[@trevorhaakenson8459]

So cool I love all the different things you do. You have my dream job if I could also practice music too

[@tridsonline]

👍🏻 Fascinating - thank you! Just curious about what to do in order to preserve the strength of permanent magnets when not in use, and what to avoid?

[@steve_jabz]

One thing I've always wondered about this property is how it would work in a gear in terms of torque. I'd imagine it would be pretty great for static torque, but how would this translate in dynamic torque if it were always locking in place after it moves to the next "tooth"? I mean surely it would have to pull pretty well, right? Might need a clever mechanism to make sure it doesn't suddenly lose it between each transition to the next tooth, or maybe use something before the load to ensure it's smoothed out by synchronising with the stronger coupling. It's especially interesting when you think about applications that only really need the static torque, like say a new type of vehicle that uses a scissor lift on it's side that shoots several metres ahead with no friction and only needs to latch into the ground when it's extended as opposed to constantly applying friction to the ground, or drone that finds a nice windy place up in a tree or something to sit and become it's own generator by becoming a turbine, or a gripper that just needs to say latch on to a pan in the kitchen

[@tonyhardy-kp4os]

Since it takes less force to slide the magnets than to pull/push the magnets apart/together(depending if we have north north facing each other, or north south facing each other), than we figured out how to use the force of the push/pull direction of the magnet itself to slide the magnet switch into the opposite position and then back again, etc..., than could it be possible to get perpetual motion? You admitted it takes less force, and that means there is more force available. That is one of the problems of trying to invent a pure permanent magnet motor, permanent magnets don't shut off. So the motors we use today that actually work, are made with coils and use electricity to be able to in essence have a magnet that shuts off and back on again thru the cycle at the right time and position, creating constant motion.

[@noneofabove5586]

Thanks, best explanation I've heard.

[@rdcabal]

i saw this used as a clutch. the channel is "Gear down for what"

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

cheers mate

[@attic2349]

glorious magnetics

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

who doesn't love magnets mate lol

[@tymz-r-achangin]

The object on the counter that's behind you on the left side of the screen caught my attention. I was curious of what that object is and does

[@35meco]

Believe in me that Just this morning i was thinking of this tool and on-off magnetism system 😂😂

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

oh wow - awesome lol

[@colleenforrest7936]

Great visuals on explaining how that works! Hey, could you use this to create an induction heater? Just wondering if you linked this to a windmill if it could heat a sand battery better than friction. Seeing some advantages here... 🤔

[@kadmow]

- spin one disk really fast - it may heat a nanowire - it will definitely generate some current in an adjacent conductor (cutting the flux lines...)...

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

it's a bit over complicating it for that mate - all you really need for a magnetic based induction heater is a fast spinning magnet disk and a metallic plate like copper or ali

[@Moriandrizzt]

This is really really neat! Thanks for sharing this.

[@HWJJSCHUMACHER]

/// SO NOW YOU CAN BUILD AN MAGNETIG MOTOR !!! DO IT !!! //// THANK YOU !!!

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

don't shout - i don't respond well to it

[@HWJJSCHUMACHER]

oh sorry sir (it is an old habit) sorry sorry

[@trevorhaakenson8459]

Such a cool demonstration!

[@lucianovasco4654]

Gostei muito da sua aula. Adoraria se o Sr pudesse ensinar como é fabricado as mesas de irmãs permanentes usadas em retíficas planas. Muito obrigado.

[@HeywoodJabozoff]

NASA used Radus boots on early space missions. Polarity of magnets would switch with current and allow the boots to lift off. I think they forgot and left them on the moon.

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

i suppose we could always make a pair lol

[@Gomorragh]

ok weirdly i wonder if this sideways motion explains why gravity is so weak if its a spiral form of attraction, then up and down on the scale thanks to rotation would actually be sideways for its force the path of least reluctance is mostly inside the crust or even the magma layer

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

no idea mate - sorry

[@MichaelSkinner-e9j]

What do you think of using HUGE solar Stirling engines along the central spine of an O’Neill cylinder to generate Both Light and Power? You used graphene in one of your videos as a reflector. Could it also act as a solar panel, besides reflecting the light to a more central point to generate steam? There’s a solar concentrator power plant in California, but I was wondering if instead of just flat panels, could they have used Fresnel lenses and graphene mirrors/panels to more efficiently concentrate light along a longer heat collecting shaft? Does it make sense to cool those mirrors and preheat water? Besides warming an entire O’Neill cylinder (that’s a huge volume) would that also create weather in the cylinder and could you tweak it just using mirrors? Would it be better to use sodium as a medium to superheat water, like the concentrator plant in California- just have them completely line the central spine. - wouldn’t that pose problems for anyone trying to go through the Iris? I’ve seen other O’Neill cylinder designs that essentially would divide it into three island strips, with 3 equal windowed strips along the side. - I don’t know how you would get even graphene windows to hold up on that, even if you used a honey comb design. Especially if you wanted to have lakes, rivers, so on and so forth.

[@rdcabal]

i own a ripping hammer just like yours, less wear, lovely tool

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

yes it is!

[@qastielsolaris6322]

I just love magnetics...and your videos! =)

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

oh wow - cheers mate

[@kadmow]

- and as well as a switching magnet we have presented the basis of a "new class" of DIY magnetic rotors for axial flux generators / motors..

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

cheers mate

[@AnEngineers3DPrintVerse]

By the way, if you are newer to 3d printing, be careful hammering those nuts in - its very easy to crack it, so you need a good infill.

[@kadmow]

- yep, melting fittings into prints - using soldering iron or remotely "heated fitting" - is a secure method (magnets don't like heating) to get fittings into prints generally.

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

nice advice mate - cheers

[@BeAsYouAre108]

Are you familiar with polymagnets by Correlated Magnetics? Basically custom-designed or "programmable" magnets.

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

nice tip mate - thank you

[@lorenbush8876]

That's really cool. Thanks Robert

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

glad you liked it mate

[@paulbrouyere1735]

You really should be knighted, still have to wrap my head about this

[@patrickday4206]

Use a ups if you're doing a electromagnetic chuck with alarms or just do this 👍

[@100roberthenry]

Brilliant, would love to see this implemented using a large heavy wheel to turn the magnet on and off ...and to repel and turn keep pushing it....get me?.....just thinking aloud..,

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

i get it mate - cheers

[@George-zi9jz]

I've got a device that uses those principles., sliding to move the command shuttle, and pulling the magnets on the rocker to drive the heavy flywheel. My challenge was to make magnets switchable without using elec. I want to replace the chain and sprocket on a bicycle with this magnet manipulated transmission thingie

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

awesome mate

[@TamasMateffy]

We need to make permanent magnet motors using this effect.

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

we do indeed mate

[@noname-nd8ec]

Thank you, your best video ever!

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

Wow, thanks!

[@Speaking_on_mute]

If the force needed to throw the switch is less than the force generated by the magnets when “on”, that would seem to be creating new energy from nothing. Imagine a train of these switches, the output of each throws the switch of a larger, more powerful switch, down the line. It SEEMS like you could use that setup to lift a freight train engine with the flick of your pinky! That CAN’T be right.

[@lagunafishing]

Awesome! thanks for the demo Robert :)

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

my pleasure mate

[@billwoehl3051]

Robert, why can't this principle be used to prevent the magnetic lock up of a permanent magnetic motor, similar to what the parendev motor supposedly tried to achieve?

[@DavidWilliams-yh6pq]

Has anyone or anything forbade you from making any videos on how to generate electricity from a system containing/using ferofluid?

[@ThankYouESM]

I've been wondering about this since around the year 2000 if this can make for a magnetic-powered motor... the strong force being able to alternatively switch off/on the weak force so that there would be a continuous wheel rotation (no hindering gaps).

[@eugeneputin1858]

If I can recommend a wonderful website, khanacademy, first course first lesson in physics. cheers

[@RabbtVT]

where can i get a gentle persuader

[@garyl6031]

I have been meaning to ask, where do you buy your magnets? I can't seem to find a reliable/trustworthy seller. OH, awesome videos please please keep up the good work.

[@edeaglehouse2221]

In the US, I've purchased good NdFeB magnets at decent prices from K&J Magnetics, Apex Magnets, and Magnet4less (Applied Magnets). Amazon also is a good source. If you only need a few, Home Depot, Lowes, and Walmart have them, although at a higher price per piece.

[@_xBrokenxDreamsx_]

magnetism is electricity so all you're doing is making a circuit.

[@LTV_inc]

Yeah yeah let’s get to the moonshine video… 😊

[@toml.8210]

If this can be done incrementally, it would explain how computer software can control the resistance of the 'magnetic resistance unit' on my cycling excersizer. Cheers

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

chances are mate you ave a collection of magnets on a bar and the software moves them nearer or further away from the flywheel

[@silverpc4611]

Rotor using bolts. kind of looks like a Halbach Array PM

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

yeah i suppose so - maybe it is related?

[@scott32714keiser]

0:52 are you sure? is there anyway you can show proof? please and thank you.

[@cheetahkid]

Looking for something to work with robot and magnet. Like walking up the wall.

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

try diamatrically polarised magnets mate

[@tdtrecordsmusic]

I am Magneto. My local store ran out of Magnety Flakes. Can I borrow some of yours?

[@mikefiatx19]

Possible over unity device? Even though it's impossible 😉

[@marinadizon2720]

This is possible. This has been done. See the Motionless Electric Generator by Tom Bearden. He made working devices that were awarded US and International Patents. Search *ais Bearden*

[@arcomondoestablishito]

It is possible. It has been done and documented and it works. Look up Patent US6362718B1

[@reeferbeleafer9912]

He seems keen on getting out what he can to help us .. without being flagrant about it. This one's bonkers, honestly, what a brilliant simplification. Thanks Rob !

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

it does raise interesting questions and ideas for sure

[@reeferbeleafer9912]

@@ThinkingandTinkering My playlist is choc full of video ideas for you mate - have at it! Kind regards RB

[@guardianpresencerobotics7776]

i seeing a new type of magnetic lock

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

awesome mate - cool idea

[@Horsenb]

How much weight can one of those units hold when assembled?

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

depends on the magnet mate

[@Horsenb]

@@ThinkingandTinkering How much can the ones you made hold? Would it hold the weight of a work light on a lock line pipe on the side of a cabinet?

[@jameshughes3014]

I wonder if we could exploit this to build low power 'muscles' or actuators for robots. Does anyone know if that's been done?

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

i wouldn't be surprised but i don't know directly mate

[@dremaboy777]

Fun 👍🏽

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

cheers mate

[@Urban_Lab369]

Noted

[@ecsyntric]

wow

[@eugeneputin1858]

Rob, do you ever get exhausted reading through the comments? this is wild

[@kamiljj6809]

Wery cool. :)

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

cheers mate

[@AlbertoMartinez-rk2lf]

Subscribe!! Going to making it right now!

[@selfcorrected-Bobby]

could you please try and make tetrateanite at home according to that recipe? It would be highly entertaining. do the domains align automatically? How does tetrateanite obtain its magneic property? I still wish to have a floating levitating AC generator using magnes to keep the rotor afloat and spinning as I've mentioned. I find it very interesting how one would separate the fields stabilizing and keeping the rotor floating and spinning, and the field from the N/S N/S magnets arranged on this rotor (two separate fields with two separate roles in the same device) for generating AC in the coil? I was thinking of making a crude one with styrafoam but I just can't get my hands on magnets. I'm just SO curious about tetrateanite. Bizmuth is also so pretty.

[@selfcorrected-Bobby]

maybe there could be a flux swich layer on the magnetic spinning levitating rotor of my 'doddy drive' so that the field keeping the rotor spinning and levitating does nto interfere with the N/S N/S circular arrrangement of magnets that enerate AC in the coil? It's just something I can keep thinking about how to do. Is Julian Assange out of prison yet? I wonder.

[@ThinkingandTinkering]

i will have a think how to do it mate

[@selfcorrected-Bobby]

i just reliased that I guess the addition of phosphorus realigns the teanite's domains to make it tetrateaite. however what happens to the phosphorus? Where does it go? What does the iron and nickle do to the phosphorus? I'm no scientist but an aspiring painter at age 43 who after many years of just thinking about paint brush stroke appications will actually paint, after carefully mapping and planning the geometrically patterned landscapes with white pencil, then grey acrylics for light tones, and then watercolour for semi transparent colour addition and further patterns that aren't necessarily subject to the shade patterning of the actual lanscape itself, for an artistic vibrant, energetic effect that could also convey semiotic meaning... ~ @@ThinkingandTinkering