ROS Formation in Mitochondria and Defensive Mechanism

Mitochondrial ROS are reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are produced by mitochondria. Generation of mitochondrial ROS mainly takes place at the electron transport chain located on the inner mitochondrial membrane during the process of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Leakage of electrons at complex I and complex III from electron transport chains leads to partial reduction of oxygen to form superoxide. Subsequently, superoxide is quickly dismutated to hydrogen peroxide by two dismutases including superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in mitochondrial matrix and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in mitochondrial intermembrane space. Collectively, both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generated in this process are considered as mitochondrial ROS.[3]
Once thought as merely the by-products of cellular metabolism, mitochondrial ROS are increasingly viewed as important signaling molecules, whose levels of generation at 11 currently-identified sites vary depending on cellular energy supply and demand.[5][6] At low levels, mitochondrial ROS are considered to be important for metabolic adaptation as seen in hypoxia. Mitochondrial ROS, stimulated by danger signals such as lysophosphatidylcholine and Toll-like receptor 4 and Toll-like receptor 2 bacterial ligands lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipopeptides, are involved in regulating inflammatory response

[@jaym9846]

Which mixture of carbs and fats minimizes ROS? Which mixture of carbs and fats maximizes ROS?

[@herauthon]

Why this video has not enough likes :D thank you very much..

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation ❤️

[@gilsai4990]

thank you! that's very helpful!

[@diepnguyen-xg7yn]

This was a really good explanation!!!

[@lilianacuevas7667]

super helpful thank you so much sir!

[@hussainbiology]

You are welcome!

[@kanikaadhikari7410]

Is this Oxidative stress in plants?

[@locutora9721]

Thanks

[@jeannasta6030]

Great stuff ! Thank you Hussain, keep it up

[@hussainbiology]

thanks Jean for appreciation.... Glad my stuff helps out there...

[@HienTran-mq8fs]

Can you tell me the function of Cys residue in the formation of Oxidative stress? Thank you

[@sanughosh6540]

Thank you

[@shinn-tyanwu4155]

Very good 😊

[@dr.muzafarhussain9821]

Awesome..... after a long time...

[@mrx6645]

Great Sir

[@sanjaisrao484]

Bruh, U have literately videos of any topic that I come across

[@hussainbiology]

thanks buddy.... Keep sharing

[@maxruphio5515]

Thank you so much for the video

[@ameliaandthespacerabbits3226]

Where is the transcript to this video?

[@loneusman6504]

Shabir sir...keep it up

[@muhammadsulaiman6023]

This is what MPTP model tells

[@shinn-tyanwu4155]

Where is melatonin?😊

[@kinzakhan9456]

k