Schubert: Symphony in C major 'The Great' | Marek Janowski & the Dresdner Philharmonie

[@thadhorner5129]

I was bored so I googled "Symphony" to see what popped up, and to my good fortune, the first thing was this lovely and amazing work, and now I know I like Schubert. Bravo.

[@DWClassicalMusic]

Glad you found your way here. Make sure to subscribe for the latest uploads.

[@madraven07]

Listening to Schubert’s piano music has really deepened my appreciation for what he’s all about in this symphony. It’s never repetitious; each return to a thematic element always has purpose and always moves the music forward. The Dresdener Philharmomie plays with such charm and strength. Such a pleasure to hear again. Vielen dank.

[@briannicholas2757]

Thank you for sharing this brilliant performance of such a masterful piece of music. I live in rural Maine in the USA, so getting the opportunity to hear and see such concerts is impossible. These DW presentations are my lifeline for classical music. Thank you again

[@DWClassicalMusic]

Dear Brian Nicholas, that is a great compliment and makes us very happy! 😊 Best from Berlin!

[@JaimeLachine]

DW is "The Great".

[@andreauribe6454]

Thankyou for this music Franz my best friend.

[@francoiscarry3307]

Magnfique enregistrement, quelle intelligence! Marek Janowski est un des rares chefs capable d'obtenir un tel équilibre de l'orchestre. Merci pour ce grand moment de Musique

[@DWClassicalMusic]

We're glad you enjoyed it! 🥰

[@stubloom4870]

Many many years ago I had an LP recording of this and listened to it again and again. I got rid of the turntable maybe 40 years ago and never replaced this piece. Listening to it for the first time in decades with fresh ears, and relearning what a marvelous piece it is. And a drop dead magnificent performance.

[@honda412000]

Strange...I had never heard of Marek Janowski before and I am nearly his age and enjoying music for 70 years or close. Perhaps he has been keeping a low profile. Hats off to his conducting and to the Dresden orchestra.Timing, clarity and precision are absolutely perfect.

[@bomcabedal]

I once attended a concert where he conducted Furtwängler's Piano Concerto. Forgot the soloist, but the way he got through that monolith was truly heroic. Of course everyone suffered from Stockholm Syndrome afterwards, but the riotous applause was genuinely deserved.

[@DWClassicalMusic]

Thanks for sharing this memory with us!

[@ViniciusLBueno]

This recording is such a wonderful archive we can watch here on KZbin anytime. People don't realize how much of this enriching material is avaliable here. Schubert was indeed the GOAT, such a stunningly beautiful mixture of orchestral instruments making a unique Schubert style, remarkable harmonies and incredible solos. Absolutely glorious 🙌🏻

[@yared8771]

Yes. The GOAT. I agree

[@unechaine1]

The recording and/or interpretation are not so good.

[@shupingwang3392]

Janowski is a great conductor who achieves clarity and strength. Thank you for this video.

[@constantquestioning4010]

Yes, clarity and rigour Entirely agree Paris

[@frankdsouza2425]

What an Extraordinary privilege to hear and watch this wonderful performance.

[@ryanmark2755]

Beautiful horn entrance at the beginning followed by an incredible performance with the orchestra! Bravo tutti!

[@leonardzane]

A letter from Anselm Huttenbrenner to Ferdinand Luib of February 21, 1858 stated: “Beethoven said of Schubert one day, ‘That man has the divine spark!' ” In another letter to Luib written two days later, Huttenbrenner wrote: “But this I know positively, that about eight days before Beethoven’s death Prof. Schindler, Schubert and I visited the sick man. Schindler announced us two and asked Beethoven whom he would see first. He said: ‘Let Schubert come first!' '” What was said in the private visit, where Beethoven spoke and Schubert wrote in a conversation book for the dying Master? Below is a speculative fragment. Young Franz Schubert, scarcely 5 feet tall, entered the bedroom. With misty eyes, he gave the great man a score of his own 9th Symphony. BEETHOVEN (scanning the score): You wrote the many works Schindler brought to me - and even this long symphony? SCHUBERT: Yes, Maestro. A heavy silence hung in the room as Ludwig van Beethoven feebly turned the pages of this Symphony Number 9. He then whispered. BEETHOVEN: Is there anything I can do for you? The younger man's eyes began dripping tears. He wrote with trembling hand in the conversation book, and then showed the Maestro. The book read: “There is only one thing. I have had a dream for so long that when I die, I would wish to be buried next to you.” The failing Master managed only a weak smile, but then gathered himself and spoke with great conviction. BEETHOVEN: It shall be done! And long shall your name and greatness be known and treasured, Franz Schubert. Young Franz was himself to die the following year, and his wish became fulfilled.

[@adityapurohit8232]

Mr. Zane, very touching reminiscences. Shows the respect of one great composer about another. Thanks for sharing.

[@leonardzane]

@@adityapurohit8232 Thank you, Mr. Purohit. Reference for the cited Huttenbrenner-Luib correspondence is: "The Life of Ludwig van Beethoven," by Alexander Wheelock Thayer. New York: The Beethoven Association, by Henry Edward Krehbie, 1921, pp. 1043-1044. These quotations also appear in a separate, series edition of the book as three Volumes in "Volume III."

[@ricardonascimento6020]

Que passagem maravilhosa! Obrigado por compartilhar.

[@leonardzane]

@@ricardonascimento6020Honorary Mainz Professor Karl Bohmer (per Hochschule für Musik Mainz) reports four meetings between Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert: (1) Ferdinand Schubert: "My brother often came along with Beethoven without you therefore, as often happened, should call him a pupil of Beethoven". (2) Kreissle: "Schubert regretted that this was so inaccessible and that he never talked to Beethoven.". (3) After Rochlitz the two composers are met but already in 1822 in Baden bei Wien, Schubert was certainly in Beethoven's great concert 1824th (4) The visit to the sickbed Beethoven is considered by the reports Schindler and Huttenbrenner assured.

[@erichallpaintings-great]

A most touching story. But Ludwig van Beethoven was, in fact, buried three times. His final resting place is in the musicians section of the great Vienna Central Cemetery. Was Franz Schubert moved with him?

[@mirakor1]

A wonderful concert indeed. And no coughing!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! What a relief!

[@dbyers3897]

No audience = no coughing

[@simontaylor2319]

Someone should compose a Sympnuony (or any other piece of music) which includes coughing (and other bodily noises) as part

[@GyörgyiSátori]

Ha nincs kozonseg nincs kohoges ​@@dbyers3897

[@GyörgyiSátori]

Mar irtam

[@mirakor1]

@@GyörgyiSátori I suppose it means you agree with me. I happen to speak 5 foreign languages but yours isn't among them. Unfortunately. Have a nice day!

[@adityapurohit8232]

An excellent, satisfactory conducting of Maestro Marek Janowski of this last great immortal symphony of Franz Peter Schubert. Very well performed by the musicians of the Dresden Philharmonic. Reminded me of equally fascinating conducting of Maestro Janowski of Brahms 4th symphony. Thank you for the upload.

[@DWClassicalMusic]

Our pleasure! We're glad you enjoyed it 😊

[@adityapurohit8232]

@@DWClassicalMusic Thank you team.

[@ursularissmann-telle4000]

Like Herbert Blomstedt Marek Janowski performed this wonderful music via TV and internet in a time when people were deprived of public life, public music and all kinds of comforting aspects of life. This music especially is so comforting. Tears are coming. Thank you, Mr Janowski, thank you Dresden Philharmonic!

[@aaronjorgefridman5662]

Un monumento musical digno de quien lo compuso. Schubert es por sí mismo un monumento a la música. Esta versión le hace digno honor

[@emmerentiagroenewald3694]

Thanks for the interesting description! Allways learning new things!!🎼🎵🎶🎵🎶❤🌹

[@DWClassicalMusic]

Our pleasure! We're glad you enjoyed it 😊

[@aliyaturetayevapiano]

Such a great conductor!!

[@senhueichen3062]

Great symphony, great conductor.

[@maxkluger4009]

epic performance! I loved every bit of it. Very energetic and powerful.

[@박형수-f6y]

Thanks! Beautiful sound

[@ricardonascimento6020]

37:28 agora sim! Que orquestra equilibrada! Consegue-se ouvir perfeitamente os solos das madeiras. Uma preciosidade! Ficou MARAVILHOSA! PARABÉNS MAESTRO! BRAVO!!! 👏👏👏👏👏

[@RichardStClair-bo4ns]

Maestro Janowski has given a remarkable, insightful, and luminous reading of this great symphony. He has given it a very special new life, all repeats observed, a tremendous spiritual and musical experience to listen and behold Schubert's profound metier. Hats off, gentlemen, a genius!

[@DWClassicalMusic]

We're glad you enjoyed it. Make sure to follow us for the latest uploads.

[@Sheffield_Steve]

Apologies, but I have only just discovered this performance today on my KZbin homepage, but so glad I did! A wonderful piece of Sunday morning escapism in such beautiful music! Fine performance from the Dresdner Philharmonic. Thank you.

[@nivdel]

Schubert, one of the greats.

[@miguelangellemosgodoy9245]

Una hermosa sinfonía de Schubert bellamente interpretada.

[@mariainesdeandradealcantar3263]

FRANZ PETER SCHUBERT, viveu tão pouco...mas é um dos MAIORES da história da 🎶 🎵 ❤❤❤🎵🎶🎶🎵🎶🇦🇹🇦🇹🇦🇹🇦🇹🇦🇹🇦🇹🇦🇹🇦🇹

[@davidcrossley7145]

Absolutely beautiful well worth a listen 👍

[@davidhewins]

Thanks for a great performance of a classic!

[@simontaylor2319]

Great looking Concert Hall

[@misterfunnybones]

Perfect. No coughing from the audience.

[@johannbrandstatter7419]

At last one of the few " blessings " to count with regards to Covid19....

[@simontaylor2319]

The words 'The'Great' is just what it is

[@fulgenjbatista4640]

❤Absolutely beautiful ❤

[@alvaromarquez-juannomada8752]

Un escenario vacío por Covid nos garantizó una alta sonoridad y deleite de esta magnífica sinfonía… gracias!! Felicitaciones al maestro extinto y al gran maestro conductor vivo!!

[@terenceseemungal2207]

I am not a Schubert fan but this is a superlative performance!!!

[@GeraldNorman-vq9je]

A great symphony A great orchestra. ❤

[@Artist_Aejoo]

Bravo ❤ Maestro 🎉🎉🎉

[@hansrichardnohrer2834]

Ein gutes konzert danke

[@billyvillyx748]

cuando sueñas, la magia es inspiracion, la inspiracion reclama grandeza, GRANDE SCHUBERT 🔱

[@mdrakic]

Going in to this video I was thinking "no, yet another empty hall covid video", and then I clicked play. Wow, was I in for a shocker. The overvall soundstage is among the best I've ever heard (you can hear it directly form the intro). The absence of the public makes the complete frequency spectrum available and throughout the concert I was hearing small ornaments I've never picked up before. Of course, the concert hall inevitable helped in spreading the sound. Anyhow, this is the best sounding 9th I've ever heard and more of such recordings is what we need. DW, many thanks for bringing this gem to us 🙌🏼

[@TheStockwell]

No offense intended, but the revised catalog of Schubert works lists eight symphonies by him. There is no Schubert Ninth, anymore. The Seventh was dropped because so little of it was actually orchestrated by him. Best wishes from Vermont ❄️

[@mdrakic]

@@TheStockwell well, wasn't aware. My Deutsche Grammofon collection has 9, but I see now. Thanks.

[@TheStockwell]

@@mdrakic The new numbering was announced decades ago but is taking a while to catch on - which is why some orchestras are playing it safe by avoiding the numbers and, instead, saying they are performing the "Unfinished" or the "Great C-major" symphony. Have a safe and interesting week! ❄️

[@DWClassicalMusic]

Thanks for pointing this out!

[@mayrafuenmayor3602]

So beautiful!💖

[@lourdeszarrabeitia-wo2ds]

❤Es fantastca

[@mka7741]

🇧🇬💐BRAWISSISSISSIMO MAESTRO, WONDERFUL CONCERT!!!🐘 🌹BRAWISSISSISSIMO MAESTRI!!!🍀🦄 🌸BRAWISSISSISSIMO!!!🐞🍀🦉💞🏡🌞🌈🎼🎶🎵

[@timmynaylor4963]

Hugely entertaining! Thankyou for posting

[@DWClassicalMusic]

We're glad you liked it! Make sure to follow us for the latest uploads.

[@Dylonely_9274]

Thank you for this performance.

[@DWClassicalMusic]

We're glad you enjoyed it 😊

[@tomfilipiak690]

Beautiful music and well performed. It's criminal that this excellent performance was only heard live by the director, musicians and card stock on auditorium chairs. And to "celebrate" a 150th anniversary without people present? Terrible. What a disservice was done to the citizens of this world when governments shutdown our lives.

[@noahbrown4388]

True that! Thankfully I think it has opened up more people’s eyes to what is really going on here.. apart from those who have passed prematurely from coinciditus :/

[@samstaaaaa]

recording engineering is fantastic!

[@styleexnietz1900]

Marvelous

[@drkt35]

What an apex! Thankyou for mixing me THIS.

[@ЕленаКрук-б5м]

👏👏👏спасибо ⚘

[@classicalconcerto6742]

My favorite three GREAT symphonies are all mighty Number 9: Beethoven's 9th, Schubert's 9th, Dvorak's 9th!!!

[@petercrosland5502]

Haydn 99!

[@TheStockwell]

Schubert's Ninth has been changed to Symphony No.8 due to one of his symphonies - No.7 - being dropped from the catalog of authentic Schubert works. The revised catalog accepts eight symphonies by him. Best wishes from Vermont ❄️

[@germanquintero10121946]

precioso concierto

[@krishnansrinivasan830]

Spectacular :)

[@guidepost42]

When speaking of the length of this symphony, Stravinsky remarked: "I wish to be so long in the paradise"

[@marcelacruz-morel5796]

ESENDE

[@daleodell8136]

​@@marcelacruz-morel5796c fcujjiîiîîii 3:01 3:01 o 3:02 3:04

[@Barbahmir]

Zba😮xb ssb

[@charlie_charldon]

Then came Mahler et al. Haha

[@robertomanfinfla6545]

​@@charlie_charldonwhat do you mean? I'm new to this

[@JJTownley_Classical-Composer]

This was the first cassette I ever bought for my newly-minted cassette player I had installed in my newly-minted newly-purchased stripped down 1977 Mustang 302 V-8 which drank gas like a drunken sailor (I could actually watch the needle on the gas gauge drop as I drove). I'd been mesmerized by this great symphony ever since a classical-music-hating neighbor gave it to me as a hand-down from someone who gave it to him. It was a rare recording by a conductor by the name of Ataúlfo Argenta who died tragically of self induced carbon monoxide poisoning in a garage. They don't call this symphony "Great" for nothing. Hard to believe it was ridiculed by the members of Mendelssohn's Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra during rehearsal. I read that at the beginning of the subordinate theme of the last movement the orchestral members burst into laughter. I recall muttering an expletive at the thought that such great music should be maligned in such a disrespectful manner, but times and tastes change I suppose.

[@DWClassicalMusic]

Thanks for sharing these memories with us and our community!

[@billszentagotay8819]

The Great is great....

[@albertsiltal2600]

Tiempo para alimentar el alma: 💜

[@notaire2]

Wunderschöne und großartige Aufführung dieser romantischen und perfekt komponierten Sinfonie mit seidigen Tönen aller Streicher, milden Tönen aller Holzbläser und vor allem brillanten Tönen aller Blechbläser. Der zweite Satz klingt besonders schön und echt melodisch. Im Kontrast klingt der dritte Satz echt lebhaft und auch rhythmisch. Endlich kommt der letzte Satz voller Bewegung und Begeisterung. Der intelligente und geniale Dirigent leitet das ausgezeichnete Orchester im relativ schnellen Tempo und mit effektiver Dynamik. Einfach wunderbar!

[@martincoronilla5346]

Excelsa!! --- Maestro --- Keeeee video!! xin gente se ve más maravilloso.... maldita humanidad!!

[@Joe1935429]

Beautiful music, beautifully played. IMHO it could use an editor.

[@sharoncalladine4046]

Brilliant!

[@jaimearanguren5211]

Magnífica música.

[@alasondrolinney5317]

Great performance and I can remember performing this and it is a arm killer.

[@abrotherinchrist]

So many 16th notes. This has got to be one of the most difficult pieces to perform in sync. The rhythms and changes are so complex and dynamic. This was a wonderful performance.

[@gleisonmartins]

Maravilhoso!! ❤

[@Discovery_and_Change]

0:21 begins | 17:21 2nd movement

[@Angel-sy4xc]

increible , estoy maravillado

[@emiliaenache9444]

Capodopera lui Schubert,lirica,meditativa,energica,solemna,optimist,solara,magnifica.Spirit genial!

[@ursularissmann-telle4000]

Und: unglaublich tröstend Plus: unbelievably comforting

[@jonnarttfigueiredo4105]

Muito linda essa música.

[@DRFelGood]

🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹❤️❤️❤️

[@joellazar1312]

The real thing!

[@Mirjana633]

❤

[@waraylitz1614]

That lead oboe…! I was out of body!

[@aaaaaa-bh2xs]

on the street!!

[@lmf5299]

Why is it that young composers still stick to composing in a 20th Century atonal musical language? In my opinion that language is as outmoded and old as it can be. And to be brutally honest, the music composed in that style has no beauty to it. And I think people are thirsty for great music composed in a 100% tonal and beautiful musical language. Imagine a new Italian Opera written in a style similar to Puccini's , not ,of course, identical to his style, but written nowadays by a young Italian composer. A completely tonal Opera with plenty of beautiful arias and duos, and exciting ensembles. It would be a world success, I am sure! Why, God, why nobody composes it?

[@leoweishaar1838]

😮😮⁰😮

[@markomark76]

❤❤Die Große Franz Schubert who used to write little pieces to get a meal whose woks now are considered grande as Beethoven's works

[@paga123]

This symphony is amazing, even it is a bit underknown by the large public; as a sucession of repetitions of sequences rhythmics and melodics in a large dream ! I think this work is very unique: completely different from Beethoven 9th and from the following german symphonies (Schuman, Brahms); perhaps the unique point of comparison or anticipation could be Brukner's performances ? Endly, it is a pity that Schubert died so young, interesting to imagine his following works .....

[@martinschwehla4704]

Schumann and Brahms are not in the tradition line of Beethoven, but of Schubert (and Mozart, I would also say).

[@paga123]

@@martinschwehla4704 Hi thank you ; I agree with you (Schubert ----> Brahms and Schuman) for the vocal pieces (lieder) and for chamber music (quatuor, octuor, quintet); but specifically for the Schubert 9th symphony, I continue to think it is more a link directly to Brukner !

[@martinschwehla4704]

@@paga123 Well, I could imagine you mean the mounting repetitions and increments, sometimes, paradoxically, pre-echoing Wagner and, otherwise, Bruckner, so to say, and it's Wagner to whom Bruckner was intending to directly link (just take the 1st symphony), thus I would say it's a parallel, not a direct relation to Schubert. Whereas Schumanns relation to Schubert seems obvious in the symphonies. And I think it's more Schuberts classical root that links to Brahms apart from an overall meldodical subtlety and romantic emotion that is not so easy to pinpoint.

[@Bogenvibrato]

It’s difficult for me to hear this if it’s not with Böhm or Wand - but this one is actually very good 👍 Maybe you should have reached a certain age as a conductor to do this Schubert in a such convincing way. Not to fast, a lot of transparency- again, astonishing good.

[@laputa6464]

One has to go back to Furtwangler...

[@DWClassicalMusic]

👍

[@ricardonascimento6020]

​​@@laputa6464 Foi exatamente essa a reminiscência que tive. Essa interpretação remete ao melhor de Furtwängler. Maravilhosa! Eletrizante! Como há muito tempo não se ouvia. Para fim foi uma descoberta incrível. Excelente! Que sonoridade!BRAVÍSSIMO!!

[@aldeflorio5500]

Please...not Furtwangler's distortions.

[@voraciousreader3341]

I think people who are so narrow in what they will accept-especially since they always seem to latch onto famous names they think is so revered that no one will be able to dispute their taste-show an astonishing propensity to absolutely refuse to expose their minds to so much incredible music simply to maintain their egos. There is absolutely _NO WAY_ they can be adequate musicians themselves, because I have never in my life met a classically trained musician who was determined to be so narrow minded, and I myself certainly could _NEVER_ be like that. One _always_ loves to hear and appreciate the vision and emotional scope of new interpretations, even though having favorites is natural. What I love about KZbin is finding conductors and musicians I’ve never heard of, so I can hear the music I love through their filters. _I feel very sorry for people who lack that joy-inducing capacity!_

[@fabiusgraco5296]

Para esta entre as cinco melhores orquestras da Alemanha. Executa Wagner com tamanha fibra que chega a emocionar, além, é claro de amplo repertório. Enfim, ela é excepcional.

[@DWClassicalMusic]

👍

[@franciscolima5793]

👏👏👏👏👏👏👏🇧🇷

[@elenajovanovska9953]

Moi aussi comme Stravinski, je voudrais rester "long time in the paradise".

[@unechaine1]

I'd like to hear that symphony played by orchestras from every european country. How the spanish would play it ?

[@awandrew11]

No audience!

[@peterszigeti7476]

It seems to me, this opus is a direct predecessor of the New World Symphony.

[@tonysaint6749]

I have the best seat in the house LoL and it's completely free on Utube. Praise Jesus. You are all in my thoughts and prayers daily 🙏🕊️🇦🇺🌹💗. Enjoy

[@EFAProfessorJomar]

Where was recorded? Where is that theater?

[@DWClassicalMusic]

Thanks for your comment! The concert took place in the Kulturpalast in Dresden, venue of the Dresden Symphony Orchestra. The Kulturpalast was built in 1969, during GDR times. In 2012, it was closed for extensive reconstruction and renovation work; the reopening took place in 2017. We hope you enjoyed the video 🙂 Best from Berlin

[@celalnecatiucyldz8202]

Dinlerken spor yaptım. J'ai fait du sport en écoutant.

[@bobcochran2890]

More than a few orchestral musicians would say the only thing “great” about this is its never-ending length. I do not disagree.

[@nealpeterson3113]

Please stop saying "the Great" when referring to the 9th symphony of Schubert. Schubert wrote two symphonies in C major. It is standard practice to identify any symphony as being in such-and-such a key. But musicologists wanted to avoid confusion here because Schubert wrote two symphonies in C major. Therefore, on is called the Little C Major and the other is called the Great C Major. THE GREAT has nothing to do with a value judgment on artistic quality. . . . We do not say "Beethoven's 9th Symphony "the Great". We could but we don't and you know why.

[@TheStockwell]

Schubert wrote eight symphonies. Eight. The last, in C Major, is No.8. What used to be the eighth, the "Unfinished," is now No.7. What used to be No.7 has been dropped from the catalog of recognised Schubert symphonies because so little of it was orchestrated by him. Less than ten percent of the orchestration is his work. Best wishes from Vermont 🍁

[@culturalivrebr]

Why?

[@berlinzerberus]

2:13 ff [There is another conductor in the orchestra Lol] 👎

[@heikkinylund8617]

I wondered why the Dresdners wouldn't play Mozart. Now I get it. I wouldn't, either.

[@disasterblaster3693]

Great music at the service of psyop propaganda.

[@abrotherinchrist]

Who and what is the psyop here?

[@disasterblaster3693]

@@abrotherinchrist The pan fraud demick. I have to disguise my reply.

[@abrotherinchrist]

@@disasterblaster3693 Then no one will understand what you are talking about.

[@TheStockwell]

🙄

[@culturalivrebr]

😂

[@Frank-nw4qk]

Excellent orchestra, but such an overrated conductor. He's always been a bloody time beater, same here. Schubert scores have their notational idiosyncrasies... When listening Harnoncourt's (and even Solti, interestingly too) diminuendo ending of the Great you don't wanna hear something else. And Harnoncourt is so convincing -- looking at the score and maybe thinking about Schubert's personality. Schubert was not the kind of man, finishing his Great in apotheosis style. Only egomaniac conductors disrespect Schubert's score and try to tell us that the score is wrong.

[@robinmcewan8473]

Surely you can hear the flexibility of tempo and sensitivity of phrasing in this performance. Can you not see and hear how much the players are committed to Maestro Janowski’s interpretation.

[@Origen17]

Videos like this will forever be marred by anti-science social distancing nonsense. It's absolutely laughable what people have fallen for.

[@robinmcewan8473]

You may not like it but it is definitely not anti science. My several good friends who lost family members are not laughing

[@AwakeningtheHeart-vg2bl]

wow that's boring...who called it "the great"? More correctly stated, "the mediocre".