What Happened To The Hunter-Gatherers of Southeast Europe? Stone Age Europe Documentary

What happened to the hunter gatherers after the arrival of Anatolian farming communities?
Sources:
1 - Perlès, Catherine. (2003). The Mesolithic at Franchthi: an overview of the data and problems.
2 - Shennan, Stephen. The First Farmers of Europe an Evolutionary Perspective. Cambridge University Press, 2018.
3 - Perlès, C., Quiles, A., & Valladas, H. (2013). Early seventh-millennium AMS dates from domestic seeds in the initial neolithic at franchthi cave (argolid, greece). Antiquity, 87(338), 1001-1015. Retrieved from search.proques...
4 - The Gonomic History of Southeastern Europe - www.nature.com...
5 - Lightfoot, E., et al. “Exploring the Mesolithic and Neolithic Transition in Croatia through Isotopic Investigations.” Antiquity, vol. 85, no. 327, 2011, pp. 73-86., doi:10.1017/s0003598x00067442.
6 - Scarre, Christopher. The Human Past: World Prehistory and the Development of Human Societies.
7 - Borić, Dušan, and T. Douglas Price. “Strontium Isotopes Document Greater Human Mobility at the Start of the Balkan Neolithic.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 110, no. 9, 2013, pp. 3298-3303., doi:10.1073/pnas.1211474110.
8 - Borić, Dušan, et al. “High-Resolution AMS Dating of Architecture, Boulder Artworks and the Transition to Farming at Lepenski Vir.” Scientific Reports, vol. 8, no. 1, 2018, doi:10.1038/s41598-018-31884-7.
9 - Chapman, John. “The Balkan Neolithic and Chalcolithic.” The Oxford Handbook of Neolithic Europe, by Chris Fowler et al., Oxford University Press., 2019, pp. 157-174.
10 - Perlès Catherine, and Gerard Monthel. The Early Neolithic in Greece: the First Farming Communities in Europe. Cambridge University Press, 2001.
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www.stefanmilo.com
Historysmilo
historysmilo

[@StefanMilo]

2 videos this month! What was life like for these first farming communities of Europe? kzbin.info/www/bejne/bIHRp2agmtF0hZY

[@_robustus_]

I read that early in domestication, the domesticated animals are considered special and slaughtered for special occasions and wild game are the bulk of the meat in the diet. Later this shifts as the domesticated numbers increase as game becomes more scarce. Maybe at the sites you looked at those folks were in the latter phase?

[@FrontierLegacy]

Hey, Stefon. Could you do a video on the Solutrean culture by itself. Not being a professional academic, I do not have the resources to sift out the stupid Solutrean Hypothesis.

[@rha6840]

@@_robustus_ Makes sense. I was thinking that it could be they hunted even when they didn't depend on it for survival any more. Like members of a modern family or friends will spend a week fishing and hunting on land that has been in the family for generations. Or a guy planning a weekend hunt all year. Groups could have also simply chosen not to stop living the way they did and continue with the hunter gatherer life style. Also the possibility of failing as farmers or being forced out by larger farming groups. Anyway, just my thoughts on it.

[@louiechidwick6034]

@Obiwank Keb34 Mostly they would have come to Europe for better grazing pasture and fertile soil for their crops. They would have continued Northwards pushing the hunter gatherers further and further North . The Inuit people of the Arctic are the last representatives of our hunter gatherer past and even some of these herd Reindeer, so are also farmers of sorts.

[@louiechidwick6034]

@Obiwank Keb34 Hi, Your valid points highlight the fact that there are more questions than answers, and the answers to why the early farmers expanded in the directions they did have been lost in the mists of time. The farmers would not have had it easy though, because lets not forget that this was the time that Doggerland was disappearing under the North sea and thousands of hunter gatherers were moving South into Europe, eventually becoming farmers themselves.

[@danielbeaney4407]

This makes me wonder if in these palaces there where grumpy hunter/ garther grandparents who said stuff like. "Your generation are so lazy!" "Oh fish god grandads off again" "Look at that goat. It walks right up to you." "In my day you'd have had to kill it out right or it would run for hours!" "We know grandad we know!" "Then you'd have to carry it back to the cave. Fighting of wolves... have you ever fought a pack of wolves carrying a fully grown deer on your back?" "No..." "Exactly lazy!" *Rolls eyes*

[@StefanMilo]

Lol I hope this is exactly what happened! Grandad and his bloody fish gods

[@ernststravoblofeld]

Every generation throughout history, thinks the next generation is getting too soft. And they have all been correct.

[@painterken2542]

Look at this younger generation walking around with rocks in your hand..walking up right..living in caves..back in my day we stayed in the tree where we belong..

[@draxthewarlocktitan5217]

Ok boomer

[@dantearias2182]

Hunter gatherers probably didn't have grandparents, since the old couldn't hunt no more, it was rare to live that long back in that time

[@sirfishslayer5100]

100% NOT boring narration! You show excellent picures, have great backgrounds for your discussions, give thoughtful insight, have great music in the background, etc....don't ever discount what you do. For those (yes we may be nerds) who find our past fascinating, but don't have some "...ologist" in our job titles, you do a great service with your info. I did not have to spend a month researching, I have a full time job. But I get to put your vids on while I work and still learn. Thank you for what you do! Listening to your vids in 2021!

[@samykah]

Thank you Stefan for this useful video! Also thank you for promoting Lepenski Vir and Serbia in a good way. I was there 4 times and every time it is becoming more "tourist friendly", so tourists can get the bigger picture how people used to live then. Also, there is a short movie tourists can watch right there on site how it was actually discovered accidentaly by our famous archeologist - Dragoslav Srejovic. So, interesting site to visit for everyone who wants to visit Serbia. Greetings from Belgrade, Serbia.

[@AvadGroup]

Thanks!

[@edward657]

Wow just discovered your channel, this is exactly what the internet was made for. God bless you my friend!

[@christophercripps7639]

We mustn't dismiss hunter-gatherers as "stupid & primative." While they would have no clue how to use a cell phone, they could survive in the wild without any metal tools. So I am not surprised a 100% HG could be found buried with Neolithic Aggies. Such a person adapted & brought useful skills & knowledge to the Aggies.

[@nicksalvatore5717]

They'd learn how to use a cell phone pretty damn fast I believe

[@bezahltersystemtroll5055]

cell phones were built out of wood back then, thats why they didn't survive 😎

[@Stockbrot_]

They were as smart as we are. They just grew up differently. But as you said they were able to survive in the wild with ease. People nowadays probably wouldn't last very long in the wild. HGs were also much healthier because they ate healthily, didn't sit 8+ hours a day, had no artificial light that messes up your circadian rhythm, no radiation etc..

[@stephanieyee9784]

There is no way HGs were stupid. They had survived Thousands of years through all sorts of climate changes, animals, other HG groups, learning to adapt to all types of conditions. And they Survived. Perhaps like the Neanderthal they were absorbed into the Anatolian farming communities and over just a handful of generations they were virtually extinct. I suppose that settles the Turkish/Greek argument.

[@forestdweller5581]

Simple fact is: Hunter-gatherers have been successful and sustainable for 5 million years or more. Agrarian society only 12 thousand and has big problems. Industrial society with a mere 250 years...hasn't even begun fully and is already an impossible destructive nightmare...that would be us by the way.

[@AnastasiaPlantlegs]

I desperately wanted this video to be longer, so engaging and I just ADORE prehistoric art. Time to bingewatch prehistoric art video essays

[@MisterXdotcom]

I'm Serbian and we visited the site as part of the school trip. We have so much historical sites all around the country from different epochs. As history and archaeological loving person I really enjoy living in such beautiful country. The only sad thing is that other countries archeology have better marketing. Vinča and Starčevo cultures are very interesting as well.

[@LuxisAlukard]

I agree, sites like these are very interesting and not well known. Ali samo zamisli količinu đubreta koju bi ljudi bacali okolo da su takva mesta posećenija

[@MisterXdotcom]

@@LuxisAlukard pa verovatno bi se izvukao ogroman profit od dolazaka turista a samim tim ni čišćenje ne bi bio problem 😉

[@LuxisAlukard]

@@MisterXdotcom Ali to je uvek problem - ako ne ekonomski, onda ekološki, što je još gore. Uostalom, bolje je što više profita odvojiti za uređenje nalazišta i dodatna istraživanja, a ne za čišćenje.

[@NikeBG]

Well, since Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria and Greece (aka the Craiova Group or C4) are bidding to jointly host a Euro or world cup, maybe another common project could be the popularization of the Old Europe cultures of the Balkans. Maybe even organize prehistoric tours covering notable sites in those countries.

[@justxpenguin12345]

I myself like archeological sites a bit

[@MyMomSaysImKeen]

Very pleased to see Lepenski Vir getting attention. Similar era I think 5000bc was Varna!Vinca in the Balkans. Fascinating cultural art

[@StefanMilo]

Yeah I was really tempted to talk about the Vinca culture but I thought I would make some separate videos on the end of the Neolithic. Thanks!

[@meroqero1476]

We found R1ba1 in Lepenski Vir.

[@anjajohansen4607]

Stefan, you should not worry about "being boring". You have a large and faithful community of nerds, who love your presentations and interviews. Just keep on!

[@WaaDoku]

Really appreciate the amount of time you invested in thorough research on this topic. I wish much more popular "science" channels like Rare Earth spent that much effort on research and citing sources. Or rather that your channel was more popular than Rare Earth.

[@507EZEQUIEL]

Thank you / gracias/ por your passion of sharing this interesante and intriguing knowledge, hugs from 🇵🇦 mi amigo!

[@christiangeiselmann]

I visited the place (Lepenski vir) in 1989 when canoeing down the Danube from Vienna to the Black Sea. Amazing place. Gorgeous fish gods!

[@TheTrakker]

I must say, I found nothing boring about this. Thank you.

[@morbe5276]

One day, young anthropologists and archaeologists will be binge watching these amazing videos, thank you stefan.

[@MrAdryan1603]

Well, I guess this is my Saturday night now hahah.. and I'm not disappointed. Subscribed

[@jomolololo4398]

A very overlooked part of the history of mankind , im curious to see a time line of prehistory in different regions , europe , china , india , america ; what was going on in these places as well

[@StefanMilo]

That's a good idea

[@Lyle-xc9pg]

No thank you

[@phaedrussmith1949]

Oral histories are harder to recall and are all but lost from the record. Typically the stories of the people you reference are told by the archeologists and anthropologists who take whatever scant information they can find and stuff it into the conventional narrative. How close that might be to the truth is anyone’s guess.

[@auntijen3781]

@@StefanMilo Agreed, great idea- However, as well as highlighting specific timelines regionally it always is frustrating that migrations are even hypothesised about without any consideration of an areas post younger dryas SEA LEVEL/ COAST LINE. If @ 9,000 bc the UK is connected to France- & Doggerland is there, above water- so obv there is inherent influence on society, civilization, migrations etc.. thx

[@peterk.9571]

The Americas (North America in particular) is very overlooked in terms of prehistory. Contrary to popular belief that natives stayed in the same place for tens of thousands of years, plenty of migrations happened in prehistory. For example, the Powhatan and Wampanoag, both Algonquian peoples present on the Atlantic coast, migrated into Eastern North America from the Pacific Northwest (in the form of the Western Idaho Archaic Burial Complex in the West the Glacial Kame/Red Ocher Complex in the East) over 4,000 years ago, their ancestors entering the region in the first Millenium BC. This is just one example of a rich prehistory little people know about. This is in part due to the little amount of resources on the topic available to the public.

[@jacksonfl]

Fascinating. Nice job, as always.

[@nikolamilinovic1230]

Great video! Greetings from Serbia. The biggest problem with prehistoric and roman excavation locations is that government has no money to finance big scale projects😭. Who knows what could we find out if we could unearth it😱

[@blackpearl6972]

That's not the reason, they already know, so theres no need to finance any of that, A private individual, with money, well keeps them out of the circle, aye.

[@nikolamilinovic1230]

@@blackpearl6972 Thing is that kind of person would like to keep most findings for him/herself .

[@kris.tina3-m7p]

The transition from HG to agriculture is also my favorite time in our human history! Any more videos on this topic would be excitedly received!!

[@TheCaptaininsaino]

This was so interesting! I hope you do more vids about this time in European history. It's incredible how much info can be gleaned from dna evidence. I feel like we're just scratching the surface.

[@marydonohoe8200]

Stefan, you are hilarious as well as deeply informative! It’s a pleasure to watch your videos and listen to your (not boring) narrative!

[@hellboy7424]

"100% good boy" 😄👍

[@JAllenKaiser]

☝️ this. 100%

[@stephaniegonzalez3881]

Far from boring my friend. I spend hours watching your content. Thanks for doing the research

[@wudzah]

We are still here! Greeting from Serbia!

[@hajlinger]

Interesting...in the village where I live in Northwestern Hungary some mesolitic tools were found and also a neolitic village. These artifects are mainly ín the collection of my neighbour's sister. On the shore of the river Danube a longhouse was also dug out. And of course graves... a lot of them. I dont wonder why mesolitic and neolitic people choosen this place. Danube and swamps around with great amount of fish, froges, snakes..., woods where they could hunt and gather. The hill around is out of limestone ( romans mined here later), furthermore our village is very proud of our warmwater springs which are also mineral water. The village called Dunaalmás which means "Applegarden by the Danube" so they maybe cultivated apple or other fruits as well. I am discovering the history of our village and I also love watching this chanel so its a good resource for my "study". Before I didn't really know that our land has such a wonderdul prehistory. Thank you Stefan.

[@yanjulio]

This is a topic I've always been fascinated by! I love this channel bc th narration is so understandable for us who are interested but are not into the field!

[@blaisepotvien2785]

This channel is great. Just found it and this information feeds my need for more history. ❤️❤️❤️❤️

[@daniellacasse6442]

Hi. A great presentation Stefan. So I just subscribed and expect I will be watching many of your videos. Thank you

[@torbjornlekberg7756]

Very, very interesting. I realy like that you focus on areas, times and cultures less spoken of. Please keep up the good work.

[@TheGeohart]

you should have been a lecturer, your sense of humor is dry like a great wine, please continue to generate such wonderful content!

[@HistoryTime]

Absolutely captivating video. Also links in really nicely to my next one! (*Cough* Jericho *Cough*)

[@StefanMilo]

Thanks man, I do love me some Neolithic transition. Can't wait for that vid, bet you've got some quality first hand footage.

[@alexruddies1718]

I can't wait! That city's age fascinates me. Well, at least when it was first inhabited. And Stefan...I love me some pottery...

[@Ratchet4647]

Louie chidwick I thought Gobekli Tepe was thought to be the oldest continuous settlement that had been found and that it's still producing wonders in terms of prehistory, providing some of the only known examples of IE Anatolian Languages.

[@calinradu1378]

Great video and good sense of humour Stefan!

[@acanpc333]

That was Super interesting! Thank you. I agree, the transition from hunter gatherers to farmers is pretty neat, and exploring the varying degrees Of population displacement and replacement versus assimilation and cultural shift is interesting to consider! I would love to see another video on this topic if you were so inclined, focussed on the Iberian Peninsula of Spain and Portugal, or other parts of western Europe like the British Isles, France or Italy, or even in North Africa would be really cool! It’s also interesting to consider the genetic information that archeologists find! When you talk about Anatolian versus hunter gatherer DNA, is that autosomal DNA or maternal/paternal Haplogroups?

[@adamwagner7277]

Your videos are just fascinating and I totally agree, thinking about the transition and trading habits of early farming groups is fascinating.

[@regular-joe]

Love your videos, content AND delivery.

[@StefanMilo]

Thanks!

[@altair458]

You have a great channel, we subscribe. Please keep up the great work. 👍👍👍👍👍👌

[@matttucker3]

Oh holy shit dude... amazing video!!! Instant sub I love the transition period between hunter gatherers and the agricultural revolution this made my day thank you 😁👍🏻keep up the fantastic work!!!

[@philiphawker1597]

Another wonderful video. Thanks, Stefan.

[@Atroposian]

The phrase "cross-cultural afternoon delight" has been added to my arsenal. Thank you.

[@kyoshikozan1712]

Nothing boring in here mate, your videos are always awesome!!

[@alhesiad]

Lovely. You could make a video on the Kurgan vs. Anatolian hypothesis, since looks related to these ones.

[@StefanMilo]

Yeah I do plan on making that video eventually.

[@jl9211]

The Anatolian hypothesis is basically using the instances of IE languages in Anatolia the case to claim an Anatolian origin for the yamnaya. The Kurgan hypothesis is correct on the yamnaya homeland, but the event scenario given by gimbutas has little evidence and is frankly a mix of projections and political revisionism.

[@kyler364]

I love the way you present your content and the video is very well put together.

[@MasterDeanarius]

Such a great a channel! Keep up the good Work!

[@englishiguana4304]

This was absolutely not “narrated boringly” as you said…Great video!

[@meembo7330]

Great Stefan. Seam so easy when you explain and also so important and exencial to understand our self nature. People like you give me the motivation to walk and hike thousands of km each year in West Balkan North adriatic area (Istria,Velebit, islands, Slovenia, gorski kotar, lika ,Alps,...) just to reed and understand the orografy hydrology in relation with antropology. My moto: Gdje put vodi? Odgovor je u pitanju...uvijek prema vodi.

[@hgodfrey]

Thanks

[@libertas5552]

The Croats living in the Dinaric Alps as a group are the tallest people in Europe. Some believe they are descended from the Paleolithic Gravettian culture. Men average 6'2"

[@dukeon]

Do they have enormous members?

[@PatrickSmeaton]

I really appreciate how you state unknowns as just that. So often, others will make great leaps of certainty or if thin air.

[@mixererunio1757]

Half human half fish? Lovecraft was right! Chtulhu fhtagn!

[@dtg610420]

My thoughts exactly

[@smartestmoronx19]

Dagon, no less!

[@spicyspecial333]

Merman! It's Mer-MAN, Dad! *coughs*

[@RingxWorld]

@@smartestmoronx19 they have the Innsmouth look

[@WaaDoku]

More like Chthulhu franchthi!

[@РАшенСлавянов]

Мое сердце - Европа , её древние народы, её трагическая и славная великая история ...❤😍

[@misseli1]

8:02 100% Good Boy

[@alistairlawrie6831]

Stef, as always great video!

[@Survivethejive]

Wow really interesting about those fish man sculptures. Lovecraft would have a fit

[@Ratchet4647]

Survive the Jive hehehe. You'd right man. So cool to see you in the comments, I just found this amazing channel and here you are too! It's amazing to learn about our ancient history.

[@henrirousseau9541]

I had to flee the hotel as they were beating on my door.

[@dukeon]

Early Dagons

[@jimcurtis569]

Nice work. Interesting. You have a good voice for narration and a wry sense of humor. Keep up the good work.

[@LuxisAlukard]

Great video! You just got yourself a new subscriber =D P.S. I saw those fish-like figures in Lepenski Vir on a school trip - they look amazing!

[@Richkandoo]

Thank you for including the stone effigy pics. Throughly enjoyed this one especially since i have never seen this set of figures. So interesting to see how they chose to represent them.

[@gustavopraes1121]

Very and very interesting and good job. Congrats from Brazil.

[@sagitta.ra19h26m]

I too spend my day's pondering about how we evolved as a people. So fascinating...

[@marygebbie6611]

Me, grading papers in the office, looking like I'm watching something totally educational in the background, "PREHISTORIC SHAGGING" pops up on the screen in giant letters: thank goodness my co-workers' English vocabulary is not so good.

[@mu99ins]

That may not be of the right spirit. Maybe more pre-historical naughtiness is the better way to build and maintain the tax base, as compared to modern day population replacement.

[@OscarEqualsLove]

Hi Stefan, I love your videos and your style of intellectual yet casual delivery of knowledge and facts (and puns or one liners). Keep it up and I’m confident your viewer-base will grow and you’ll receive the acclaim you deserve. 👍

[@charlotteblanchard]

Fascinating! Great video.

[@StefanMilo]

Thank you!

[@randyrosson7621]

thank you for an historic view into this amazing time of history.

[@Souljahna]

I just love those fish sculptures. Think I'll make one for myself! (maybe just clay though.....)

[@aaronmarks9366]

Excellent video - as a professional linguist, this really piqued my interest. Subscribed ;)

[@cscott9361]

Great video , I love your scientific terminology " Prehistoric Shagging " ,,, brilliant :) Thank you .

[@mdstanton1813]

Damn you're good Milo. Great topics, well articulated vidros and good flow. 2 thumbs and 1 big toe up

[@Ratchet4647]

Hi, just found your channel, this is actually my first video of yours and I love it! You just got yourself a new subscriber! You kind of remind me of Invicta but earlier in history. I don't know if you have but could you discuss Iberia in one of your videos, I've seen so many videos on Greece Carthage and Rome but what Iberia was like before their arrival and as they expanded into the Peninsula is rarely discussed, you'd think the western mediterranean would have many interesting cultures and people to discuss like the central and eastern end but it's a bit of a void in terms of content, sorry if my petition is a bit too recent history for your channel I'm unfamiliar with how late in history you like to cover. P.S.- looking at your channel page I see that I saw the thumbnail of your paranthropus video recently but neglected to watch it. Didn't get around to it. P.P.S.- I just saw you were part of operation Odyssey, so guess I've been close to watching a video of yours for months now and it finally happened. I hadn't gotten around to seeing that playlist either.

[@tamaramarkovic1092]

"Cross cultural afternoon delight" :D Entertaining and informative, thank you! Yes, I am happy and content with my new knowledge.

[@paul6925]

Great video. I literally burst out laughing at the fish god sculptures. 5:49 It reminded me of trying to draw Sponge Bob fish people with my nephew.

[@ecaillette]

KZbin!!! How come I watch paleo and archeology channels all the time, and you show me this awesome channel now for the first time?! Now if you excuse me, I have some binge watching to do.

[@stekiboy]

Liked and subed! Respect from Serbia, there is so much more about Lepenski Vir tho. Thank you man!

[@carolnorton2551]

As always, Thank you for posting ! (not to mention all the research!)

[@buzz-es]

Your work is evolving.

[@MC-ii3qk]

Loved getting a moment to reflect on the fish God stones. Amazing video. Thank you so much.

[@Kampfwageneer]

The fish people... with that innsmouth look

[@jackslepowron5905]

Reminds me of Celtic mythology

[@BestKCL]

Is this some British joke?

[@bradleyrwerner]

@@BestKCL Lovecraft allusion

[@branominal]

I understand that reference

[@Nico18_]

😂😂😂 I just Love-craft!!!

[@swagmundfreud666]

I've always wanted to play a video game that has an accurate portrayal of the life of Hunter gatherers' lives from this time

[@Sniper___]

Me as Serbian too somthing like for example a Zelda ocarina of time rom hack with the lepenski vir neolithic style would be nice I think

[@iainhansen1047]

Obviously Zeus slept with somebody and ruined everything

[@skipinkoreaable]

Haha. Awesome comment.

[@Abominatrix650]

That's his life story

[@DavidAndersen84]

Damn that Zeus. Forever abducting women and all!

[@johndowe7003]

prolly a neanderthal

[@AyubuKK]

Iain Hansen 😂

[@yudhistiraamartha2135]

I've been binge watching your videos for the last 2 weeks. Thanks to your videos, i can cope with the darkest times of my life. And thanks to your video too I rekindle my old passion in history. I sincerely thank you from the bottom of my heart, thank you Stefan.

[@LVSJT]

Great and very interesting video. Thank you for making this. If I was a hunter gathering type of guy in the Balkans during this period, I suspect I'd most value these wacky new farmer people for their wonderful beer, wine and similar fun drinks. In fact, as my ancestors hadn't evolved much resistance to alcoholism, I might very well start giving them whatever I had - pelts, wild meat and the like - for more. After giving them all of my stuff in exchange for this nectar of the gods, maybe I'd even go to war for them for a sizeable jug. There'd be a few of my kind hollering about how we're giving them everything that allows us to live and thrive in exchange for poison, but pffft. They're just party poopers.

[@kimsikoryak3830]

Lovely and informative as always. Great stuff.

[@Monedgar123]

This stuff is awesome! Thanks for sharing your knowledge. I am a musician/music teacher and I'm wondering if there is any evidence in these communities of music making? Clearly sculpture is apart of life at this time, and perhaps other visual arts that leave no archeological trace?? Would you or have you made (or know of) any videos discussing music at this time? I would love to share with my students. Thanks for braving that river for us! :)

[@StefanMilo]

There is yeah. I'm actually planning big project on music in prehistory for next year.

[@ajmiller7317]

I really enjoyed this, it inspires me to daydream about what interactions took place among the two peoples. Might a good scene for a historical fiction novel including some "prehistoric shagging."

[@myklm8456]

This video was nicely done! Thanx, Stefan.

[@StefanMilo]

Thanks!

[@davidec.4021]

I was def as happy as that fish-man idol. Thank you for another great video, clear, fascinating and funny exposition as always. Thank you man

[@TheDeadlyDan]

You can track the neolithic farmers through time by way of stone biface hand axes ceremoniously buried near the intended colonization sites. Find and date that cache, and you've established when they moved into the area. If you take Maori mythology as history, they tell you those farmers colonized and conquered the Mediterranean Basin, then north through Europe, across Iceland and Greenland, to North then South America, and across the Pacific via Easter Island to New Zealand. Tall red haired light skinned, whereas all the hunter gatherer groups had been dark skinned and blue eyed. In almost all cases they simply integrated with the locals. If they couldn't heavily integrate, they simply conquered. CARTA has done some fantastic genetic studies concerning the movement of these various groups, giving an excellent confirmation to the archeology you mention in this video. The genetics show an almost complete replacement of the mesolithic populations with a very few pockets like the Basque or the Sardinians as remnant groups. Every time I hear of one of the hand axe caches being found, my interest is piqued and I have to see if it aligns with a "sudden" movement into a farming and villiage culture.

[@FinolaMulholland]

Love the notes on the illustration at 8.03 !

[@oslonorway547]

Okay, KZbin only gave notification for the previous video, so I would have missed this one if you'd not put both in a playlist so that the auto play simply continued into this second video. Thanks. BTW, seeing that you've started growing your hair, I think if you let it grow a little bit long and wrapped it, you could easily be mistaken for an ancient Japanese samurai (that'll be so cool) 😁

[@StefanMilo]

Nah I need to shave it off, I have an ever expanding bald spot.

[@oslonorway547]

@@StefanMilo That's the beauty of it. If you grow it longer, then you get to pack it up in a samurai bun. Check photos of samurai hairstyles online, they all look like they've got a receding hairline, because always pulling the hair backwards into a bun. .... I'm telling you, it'll look good on you. If you don't believe me, use a photo app to simulate it and ask your lady if you look like a sensei or not. Trust me, she'll immediately bow before you. 😁

[@GhaziRostom]

wow every time you make it possible to us to travel in time thank you

[@calebchristensen900]

Yeah ya know about the first deities, Mother Earth, and Dagon.

[@willflourish]

I just discovered your channel. One of my ew favorites now. Looking forward to bing watching while I work out.

[@paolocalvaruso182]

Could you do a video on those early agriculturalists? Their origins, their spreading, etc.

[@jaspermolenaar1218]

Lots of interesting information hunted and gathered in this video!

[@tristanbaravraham6349]

Makes me yearn for the days when the History Channel showed history. “I can’t understand why ratings are in the toilet. I got it!!!! Ice fucking Road Truckers and .... wait for it .... Ancient Aliens!!” I wonder how that went. Where was I? Oh, yeah. Great work! You spoil me.

[@johnmachuga8811]

True...Hist Chann seems to not be living up to their name

[@henrirousseau9541]

History channel is to real history as Fox TV is to real news --- i.e. low i.q. fantasy because their viewers can't tell the difference.

[@satsingh888]

k

[@MrDelfosrivera]

Not boring at all, thank you for sharing

[@jacquesfrancois4275]

Southeast European farmers -exists- PIE nomadic invaders - "I'm about to end this man's whole career"

[@Jacob-yg7lz]

This is so sad can we revive the earth mother cult 😭😭😭😭😭

[@mikeblair2594]

It's already been done.

[@differous01]

The J2 Haplogroup, originating in Anatolia, built up in South-West Mesopotamia and spread East & North among the PIE population, but its greatest density was in the Levant, among the Natufian ancestors of the Canaanites /Phoenicians. South-East Europe's settlers were probably Semitic.

[@jl9211]

@@differous01 it originates among Caucasus hunter gatherers and was carried by the Anatolian hunter gatherers when they split off from the CHG and mixed with the natufians, hence why Yamnaya also had it. Neolithic Europeans(closest to Sardinians) and Yamnaya(closest to Northern Europeans) were not semites

[@differous01]

"...Hattians, the Hurrians, the Etruscans, the Minoans, the Greeks, the Phoenicians (and their Carthaginian offshoot), the Israelites, and to a lower extent also the Romans, the Assyrians and the Persians. All the great seafaring civilisations from the middle Bronze Age to the Iron Age were dominated by J2 men." www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_J2_Y-DNA.shtml

[@al_wombat]

Very nteresting and well narrated!

[@georgehenry7887]

Very interesting videos, also your one on Paranthropus. Do you make a distinction between hunter gatherers and nomads, nomads being more advanced as they controlled their animals whereas hunter gatherers followed herds across the plains. Did nomads develop from hunter gatherers or were they people who started out as sedentary farmers but then decided to lead a nomadic lifestyle. Related to this question when is there evidence of slavery and to what extent was slavery a result of interaction between the conflicting interests of nomads and farmers?

[@maggiem.5904]

I saw a documentary about Siberia, which showed that there were both nomadic reindeer herders, and hunter-gatherers who followed wild reindeer herds, coexisting in modern times. However, most have moved into miserable towns since soviet times.

[@dAvrilthebear]

Fascinating! Thank you!