Flash GRAPHENE [2020]

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From Trash To Flash GRAPHENE [2020]
Finding cheaper ways to make high quality graphene in bulk, took the scientific world by storm and so far, there are at least 16 different methods of making it but few of them are capable of mass production at a low cost and high quality.
As of current times the price of graphene per kilogram stands in between $67 - $200 dollars per kilogram depending on the overall quality of the end product. It is only a few hundreds of dollars away from silver at $579/kg.
But to bring the price down one would have to miraculously solve many of the other methods problems such as; be able make graphene out of almost anything that is carbon rich, get rid of solvents or chemical additives, no special environments like vacuum or inert gas atmosphere, and lastly it has to yield large quantities of usable graphene.
Sources
spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/s...
newatlas.com/materials/high-v...
• Rice lab makes pristin...
silverprice.org/silver-price-...
www.theworldcounts.com/challe...
www.esbnyc.com/sites/default/...
ourworldindata.org/plastic-po...
www.grandviewresearch.com/ind...
NOTE: The animations in my videos take a substantial amount of time to make, so please be patient. I am trying to get a video per week, but some times it takes longer.

[@offbeatwithcookie]

Your hilarious dry text messages in corner or on places where you think youve just written an explanation are so underrated

[@Jay80501]

WTF is a dry text Message? Captain Insult

[@CleetusGlobin]

Jay80501, have you never heard of dry humor before? Presumably, because it’s text, it comes off as being dry (also known as deadpan), since you can’t portray emotion easily through text.

[@UnaRams]

@@CleetusGlobin the real gems here

[@spoonikle]

"make recycling financially profitable" As long as energy is cheap and abundant you can recycle anything profitably.

[@haworthluke]

Yes this is the way we need to look at most of our problems. hopefully, fusion can save us and do it in a timely fashion.

[@stefanb6539]

As long as pumping fresh oil is cheaper, plastic recycling is doomed. If the price of oil went up just a tiny touch, a lot of plastic recycling would be suddenly economically viable.

[@stefanb6539]

@@haworthluke Fusion, timely? Every new and improved version of fusion reactors takes decades to finance and build. IF everything goes perfectly well, there might be ONE energy positive fusion reactor prototype by 2050.

[@haworthluke]

​@@stefanb6539 "Timely" as in before we destroy ourselves, I'm fully aware these things take time. I would wager that you are about 20 years off though and we will have an energy positive reactor by 2030. I just hope something comes along because we are fucked if not

[@lucasatilano8008]

They could tax emissions to reflect the true cost

[@widget3672]

Man, I love these videos - so much depth and detail, beautiful illustrations and not too sensationalist when handling new-science subjects. I'm glad your channel exists.

[@colincampbell767]

"With none of the problems." Translation: 'A new set of problems that we cannot anticipate.' Technological progress is - all too frequently - creating something that will create a new set of problems in order to solve existing problems.

[@cherylm2C6671]

Reminds me of Ambrose Bierce, “Conservative, n. A statesman who is enamored of existing evils, as distinguished from the Liberal, who wishes to replace them with others.”

[@luciferlyset7543]

Something to keep in mind: Even if plastic is recycled it is not necessarily recycled a second time.

[@luciferlyset7543]

@james83925 I got the point, but graphene isn't here yet so for now it's something to keep in mind.

[@skilz8098]

@@luciferlyset7543 No, actually graphene is already here, but it's in its early or infant stages and it is starting to gain traction. They are already starting to use it in Battery Technology...

[@0neBadMonkey]

There's not enough love for the work you put into these videos Zero. Thank you.

[@JanneWolterbeek]

Just shared it on Twitter with following text (because you deserve it): "Subject Zero Science makes very, very, very good videos, with amazing scientific insight and good puns/humor and awe-inspiring production value. This is another such gem!"

[@imjody]

Thank you very, very much for your beautiful work as always, SZS. ❤

[@DrSanaullahkhan98]

What a great idea and a great demonstration, too the point practical approach ,which can bring initiative at the level to participate in graphene production, all the best and keep it up....

[@davidhuertas5089]

Still. can't believe how undersubscribed this insightful deep and elegant this channel is, truly a hidden gem.

[@jamesnolan6450]

KZbin doesn't prioritize quality content anymore

[@Edudg]

Amazing Video! Thank you, Subject Zero

[@MrRolnicek]

Graphene is the wonder material of the future that everyone wants to work with. That's true but apparently they all want to work with large sheets of it, ideally single grain (crystal) and not these microscopic particles created by this method.

[@635574]

For chips yeah hit many other uses dont require big sheets

[@witherock2886]

for instance the concrete strengthening can be done with small sheets, although I agree larger ones might yield better results, but still

[@martiddy]

The video mentioned that this method can be upscale to a bigger production of process.

[@MrRolnicek]

@@martiddy Upscaling means you can convert a larger bulk of material into a larger ammount of the same microscopic flakes of graphene.

[@Barskor1]

Look into microwave reformation of graphene you can turn the small flakes into usable sheets.

[@gonzalomorenoandonaegui2052]

Thank you for the good content and visuals

[@Muuip]

Great concise and purposeful animation/narration of humanity's goals and ideals. Much appreciated! 👍

[@idanceforpennies281]

The very simple economics for recyclability is if it's cheaper to manufacture the new product than to recycle old product, then it ain't ever going to be recycled. Boom. So expensive to produce, but very easy to recycle products like aluminium and steel are a no-brainer. Most plastics cost more to recycle than to make new. I don't know what the solution to this is, but those are the facts.

[@colincampbell767]

Heat it up till it melts and then inject it into depleted crude oil deposits? Basically - put it back where it came from.

[@steven21736]

@@colincampbell767 very high energy

[@skilz8098]

@@colincampbell767 How many times do various parents have to tell their children to put their toys away and to clean up their rooms? Yeah, putting things back isn't a natural human behavior, it's something that has to be taught, learned and reinforced through discipline... I don't see that happening anytime soon!

[@the_phoenix__08]

This technique can be used on NASA lunar base and Spacex martian base for recycling plastic they brought to produce graphene which will make them achieve 80% sufficiency and combined with 3D printing technology it can help them produce all types of tools and material they need there.

[@jaspercggroot]

i want to like this video more. It gives me hope for the future :)

[@camielkotte]

Maybe if we keep hitting like-dislike-like etc together we can mess up YT algorithm and have this vid spread like crazy??

[@vgames1543]

Interesting as always👍 Say, could you make videos on other Metamaterials like for example Aerogel as well?

[@dakrontu]

Q1. Graphene particles are extremely tough. As a surface coating, they can be used to kill bacteria and disrupt viruses. Are they then a bio-hazard, like asbestos particles? Q2. Can you recycle a product containing graphene (which may make it extremely tough, almost indestructible), without massive use of energy? Q3. What do we do if air, water, and soil, are strewn with trillions of graphene particles that can damage living cells? What if they get into the food chain? What biological processes IF ANY within a living creature would be able to capture and render harmless the near-indestructible graphene particles?

[@xXtHeUnDeAd1Xx]

For Q1 since this is the element Carbon we're talking about, even if graphene gives off airborne dust, the element is much heavier than asbestos thus can't travel as far and fall to the ground much faster. I believe it's not a cause for concern unless you're breathing in large amounts of whatever breaks off. Let's say worst case scenario you would get lung disease but that's from carbon black, which graphene has a different structure to so would potentially be much less harmful overall IMO.

[@michaelleue7594]

Graphene is biologically active. It can be toxic, but it isn't non-biodegradable, and the amounts being discussed in the article this is referencing are well below dangerous levels.

[@dekutree64]

1. What makes asbestos so nasty is that it fractures into thinner and thinner shards, which also means more numerous shards. Graphene on the other hand is super tough, so it won't fracture. But it may still function as a single atom thick blade, slicing up your DNA the same way asbestos does. So the danger probably depends on whether graphene flakes can be contained in nodules (like silica dust, leading to silicosis if you breathe enough of it, but not cancer), or if they slice their way back out and continue damaging other cells. 2. I'm curious about this as well. My guess is no. 3. Yep, that would be a disaster. Definitely need some animal testing to assess the danger.

[@mrspeigle1]

I don't think it'll be that much of a problem but it's definitely something that needs more research graphene-flagship.eu/graphene-oxide-biodegrades-with-help-of-human-enzymes

[@gameresearch9535]

@dakrontu Graphene is made of carbon atoms, we are made of a specific percent of carbon, and we eat the carbon in our food. A lot of food is usually thrown away every day by families, such as dinners, which has a lot of carbon in it. Carbon becomes Graphite, and Graphite (also in our Graphite pencils) becomes Graphene. If you google search, trying to eat too much Graphite would just make you maybe throw it back up. If you eat lead, it's poison, so there is a big difference. And the worst Graphite would do, which was also given in an example, would be if you were to put a pencil down your throat, you would choke, that's the worst situation, because it's basically pointing out that carbon is safe, because it's in all living things (that we know so far and on the Earth). If someone asks if Graphene is safe, point to your window "required that nothing is in the way", and point to the grass and trees outside, which have carbon atoms in them, because supposed all living things on (Earth) that we know so far, is all made of carbon, or rather.. "all organic life" on Earth. Also to point out, other planets have carbon on them. Could other life on other planets be made of something else? Possibly, we don't know. After all, the universe is strange, things run backwards, even clouds on other planets, there are pink and cotton candy planets, and so much more. Also Quantum Physics where Black Holes brake down the reality we know, into possibly other dimensions. Because as Physics is updated and going into Quantum Physics, so too does our reality change with it "given the level of advance that we go through around us", otherwise the reality we understand is only seen different by what we know, once it advances then it changes all around us and clearly with what you see. Though our Universe with Quantum Physics, is far different than the reality we know (so far).. on Earth, which too is updated and going into Quantum Physics, Graphene and Quantum Technologies. Our body also has energy much like the flow on Graphene, stop and think about that with Protons, Electrons and so on. Once you start to understand that, you will start to think about Photons (light) particles such as the rays of light coming through the window or other forms of it that are safer, which is where Photonics will replace electronics = electricity = Electrons. Now imagine Fusion Energy converted to the grid being Photonics instead of Electrons. Also to point out, if we do create our own Photons with Ion - Trapped Quantum Computers, is it possible they don't have an electric charge? If so, imagine Photonics running through your homes without being shocked or chance of the house burning down. Spintronics with Graphene and Photonics would be amazing. And Spintronics with Graphene is already a thing. Also I wanted to point out that at the melting point for Graphene, it doesn't melt into a liquid, it goes through a process called sublimation, where it turns into a gas state. And so it can form back into Graphene with specific methods that we use for taking the carbon pollution out of the air now and convert it into Graphene, some companies are doing this, I don't remember where which companies. This means that if we had a space ship that ever started to melt into a gas "if it ever was to get to that temperature, which would not happen when entering the atmosphere of the Earth using a Graphene space ship", by the time it melts into a gas, our emerging technology would be mature enough to instantly transform it back into Graphene, but that's a ways off. Again you would have to actually melt Graphene to get to that situation, and so if Graphene ever flakes, at some point.. we will have the technology to shape it again, I don't expect that kind of technology to instantly reshape it any time soon. If you are interested in learning about Graphene turning into a gas at extreme temperatures which could replace SpaceX's rockets / Starships heat shields with Graphene as space ships, check out my other channel's playlist called "Graphene with starships". Go to my channel, find Technology Research and go there, check for the playlist "Graphene with starships". And then go to my Graphene playlist after that, don't forget to check out all the other playlists and playlist descriptions on my other channel for also articles and other info, links to official websites and so on.

[@YouChube3]

Thank you, great video

[@wolfbear7]

Desalination using graphene alone will change the world.

[@alephkasai9384]

@Froggy Noddy Can't graphene help immensely with solar panel efficiency? Or was that CNT?

[@0cool966]

The problem is easy to solve. Ban selling most fresh food in plastic, ban selling soda in plastic, etc. When I was young all soda was in glass, food like meat was sold at butchers wrapped in paper. Also make companies pay for plastic recycling upfront. In fact all companies should have recycling plan for what they sell and if they don't have it, they should not be able to sell it.

[@ActiveDuke]

Very nice video !!!

[@WashingtonSanchez]

Basically Mr Fusion from Back to the Future, but for graphene (Mr Graphene)

[@asterlofts1565]

Back to the future reference?

[@SC-gh6gd]

Great Scott!

[@theDubleD]

Very excited for the energy movement that's happening. Making waste into graphene to make safer more durable products, and all of the talk about solid state batteries/million mile battery is so awesome!

[@jigglypuff4227]

Amazing video!

[@OmkarBhatkar]

I loved the "Results please..it never leaves the lab" caption in corner.. hahah.. Rice univ researchers just used the age old flash reduction with joule heating to get graphene.. although mass prod may be a long way yet with this method..

[@cylian8422]

I was waiting for this film for a looong time

[@dmac1465]

Well done sir

[@bklanyon176]

What a fantastic channel

[@faraizawaira]

This channel is awesome

[@ibrahimdemir3422]

It is very intelligent idea in theory. Providing materials that will work at those temperatures and pressures in the industrial scale is a big problem. I hope they are manufactured and available.

[@dogsbestfriends]

love this

[@guilldea]

God damn I wasnt ready for that start

[@AraAra-zc2eb]

I foresee a shock movie by Michael Moore denouncing graphene pollution in the near future.

[@Barskor1]

The funny thing is every Moore movie was done with the same BS levels.

[@feuerderveranderung6056]

To be honest, Graphen can probably act like coal dust or asbestos, if it enters the lung.

[@DJVARAO]

Great content and visuals! BTW is it made on Blender?

[@christopherconner6151]

Rice and beans are so good. Lol. Good job on your videos. I wish my wife and 3 year old granddaughter would actually listen with me.

[@TinyGiraffes]

0:26 wait wait wait. STOP I want to see you name every single item with plastic in it

[@apexshinbi638]

Cant render a multi-day video

[@SombreroLAW]

Petition to rename subject zero to just graphene things Sick content by the way keep going my guy

[@jmd1743]

Turns our dumps into gold mines.

[@legotechnicmastery]

Liking that old STARSHIP version 😀 Are you a graphene scientist ?

[@SubjectZeroScience]

Classic

[@kanvarlalk3960]

superb.

[@VictorSadkov]

Congratulations with the first sponsored video!!!

[@simonbreidert5683]

Thanks

[@MrUmbraya]

Could you have a liquid carbon source flow into the chamber for flash graphene? If so you could let multiplex the inlet with two solutions: carbon rich and chamber purge. The second fluid could wash the chamber after the reaction and push the graphene further down the process line. Right? Or is liquid carbon suspension a bad idea for some reason I can't think of?

[@rahulbindhu]

Maybe H2 generation from the liquid pose a threat

[@lamalien2276]

You should rename you channel "practical environmentalism", love it!

[@LooseGripHandle]

I produced this experiment once at home. I was young and messing around with high voltage. I had some wires to hookup to a little light bulb and thought that 9v battery just wasn't enough. So i plugged it straight into the mains of the house 240v. And Boom, a very white flash and tripped fuses... Little did i know i had basically created graphene within the light bulb. I was 9 Years old.

[@sjsn2002]

Same 😂

[@jogmas12]

Made money on my graphene stock this week. May be a speculative industry for some time though.

[@artemisbsyt105]

Graphene literally is the best,wonder material ever, it solves almost all problems. Graphene has infinite uses.

[@NikolaNevenov86]

what I'm missing in that video, is the visual explanation of what happens during the Flash process. How does the carbon waste becomes graphene and how it structures itself to be of good quality.

[@koningsbruggen]

Same

[@adarshsrivastav2925]

During flash all bond get broken and carbon rearrange itself in graphene and fill it's void by other elements present in plastic.

[@royk7712]

its a new tech, maybe its not fully tested under electron microscope yet

[@pobembe1958]

This process is so Fantastic, so Easy, so Cheap......So, How Come NOBODY is doing it already?

[@loungelizard836]

Incineration is better than recycling currently. It's clean and is used to generate electricity.

[@St0RM33]

6:58 Preassure lol

[@timothygooding9544]

I don't understand how disconnected graphine flakes help improve materials other than possible increase conductivity. I thought the strength from graphine was from being perfectly binded in a sheet. Any help?

[@frozen_byte]

- Introducing Flash - No, not the one from DC though - oh! You mean the one from AC?

[@Vivaswaan.]

A very comprehensive analysis. I learnt a lot, understood a lot. Felt like all the aspects of topic were covered. Where else could I find so many things consolidated in one video!! Thanks Subject Zero. Grateful.

[@ltsky311]

The Rice method uses a vacuum chamber, which you disqualified in your opening statement.

[@SD-tj5dh]

If we could put all our plastic into space and encouraged it all to gravitate together.. could we make a new moon? Maybe a satellite of waste plastic that can attract other space junk? Roll with me here. I think I'm onto something.

[@SubjectZeroScience]

i think you could call it the moon trashtlantis.

[@SD-tj5dh]

BINGO. Let's get it made.

[@cautiousoptimist]

Workin on it... ;-)

[@TheEpicRandomGuy]

At 7:19 when you said “in theory” it set off siri on my phone.

[@samuelatancha4591]

What if we use capacitors to get high volts and amps 🤔 ?

[@manavkukreja5023]

Can you also please make a video on PHA from food waste, industrial technology

[@justinw1765]

I'm wondering if one uses a 1250 watt microwave, combined with a super insulated microwave kiln, if you can get a similar effect--though it would take longer? Basically the trick here seems to be heating to a very high temp with a no or super low oxygen atmosphere (i.e. "inert"). The great thing about microwaves is that if you already have a carbon, the carbon itself directly heats up being a microwave susceptor. To get it very, very hot, you just need the most powerful microwave you can get, along with a very insulated microwave kiln. To create an inert atmosphere is pretty easy. You just put layers of paper (I also use at least one parchment paper layer), then covered with something like baking soda or some sacrificial carbon. The kiln itself will already be somewhat protected by outside, fresh air by being covered and the heating process expanding the air out.

[@tedbear631]

Amazing

[@michelbisson6645]

I do diesel and syngas with non recycled plastic now.hard to get through all the red tape, graphene is interesting but c60 very interesting to.a 6 millions$ plants when all regulation is filed plant cost 30 millions...very hard..

[@yudhobaskoro8033]

How can i get the beautiful soundtrack of this channel, like for real its soothing and futuristic at the same time

[@PutitinDaramen]

my love for beans is immense.

[@trishhart8766]

Nice. But please tell me those are used coffee grounds. We need to save the planet but not at the expense of coffee! lol

[@tissuepaper9962]

@Hubert Bonisseur de La Bath And?

[@pixelmaster98]

@Hubert Bonisseur de La Bath well, you can probably also make graphene from cocaine, but that's a little bit too expensive, I think.

[@PaulA-on2ct]

Hi, the coffee grounds were collected from the Rice coffee shop on our campus AFTER they had been used! Don’t worry, they were used to make delicious coffee before the staff gave them to us!

[@demoniack81]

@Hubert Bonisseur de La Bath lmaoing at your life.

[@RealPackCat]

Coffee - the new ethanol like corn. Coffee is already too expensive and so is corn.

[@Aermydach]

In the future, instead of billions of tonnes of plastic waste to deal with, we'll have billions of tonnes of dumped graphene.

[@jesusm1583]

Why would be required to be a quartz Cristal? Any other material able of withstand those temperature would work even we lose the transparency?

[@fatah496]

4 am in the morning, yeah one more video before sleep

[@novantha1]

3:48 Is that an increase in compressive strength or torsive strength...?

[@Dc_tech386]

What the voltage rate use to break the carbon down

[@botondklinger2152]

i watched like 3 flash graphene vids just today and he makes one too, yeeee boiii

[@witherock2886]

what are the waste products ? is there no pressure increase in the quartz tube ?

[@SubjectZeroScience]

Apparently, not enough to cause any damage to it and all waste products are just gases from other elements.

[@coraku0047]

So in what Form is the Graphene in? Are there Graphene flakes in the plastic that is used or how can you imagine the Graphene that is produced Sry for bad English grammar

[@michaelleue7594]

The idea is that at 2000 degrees all the bonds in the original material are broken. So there should be no plastic contaminant by the end of the process. They basically achieve that temperature by electrocuting small quantities at a time; the thing that's exciting is that it's fast and doesn't require chemical preparation, and the carbon in the material forms up naturally into small flakes of graphene. The company that holds the patent is selling the flakes suspended in bottles of water, I think.

[@abdelrahmanmohammed9405]

Time to mass produce graphene superconductors

[@nosegrindv4951]

The handiwork of Beloved James Tour and his collegues!

[@manavkukreja5023]

Very good explanation, no where else seen. Excellent work 🔥 🔥 But No vaccum? Are you sure?

[@n1mbusmusic606]

Can you make graphene aerogels with this process? Cause then we could make oneill cylinders

[@raymondsims537]

Do a vid on the other methods

[@NeoShameMan]

What is the material of the electrode though, we still need to resist temperature, can we replace the quartz by something else?

[@SuMiTKuMaR4113]

Perfeto

[@sdgreen4580]

Too good to be true. We'll end up trading plastic for graphene pollution that is 1000 times stronger.

[@mikloscsuvar6097]

The situation is not hopeless. Our victator Viktor Orban get Budapest's biggest football stadium rebuilt. The present 60% of the building's concrete mass is made of the old concrete. It just must be prescribed not to dump waste concrete.

[@gareth5000]

I thought of a good way to get rid of all rubbish, pour molten iron onto it to make steel and alloys!

[@SirChickon]

this reminds me of the time they wanted (and did) to add aspestos to everything

[@tissuepaper9962]

Asbestos really was an amazing material, we just didn't know enough to work with it safely back then.

[@frimodig]

Which companies using the flash graphene method?

[@ChristopherSchreib-yn1vu]

What if they retrofitted a very powerful electrical ‘grounding’ wired to the metal surfaces the Graphene deposits upon, by hot wiring it to a nearby electric power plant generator, while emitting electricity at the trash materials to be converted into Graphene via stepped-up microwave pulses, to ‘Brute Force’ the instantaneous Graphene layer formation?

[@LordAlacorn]

Basically "Electric Grill" for your waste, just pump those Ampers baby.

[@geoffreykail9129]

How do they separate the graphine from the rest of the waste?

[@noalear]

Probably burn it off and/or chemically dissolve everything else.

[@mikemcmullen5006]

Doesn't boron also form a similiar material? Borophene or something

[@shauljonah6955]

Even just using recycled plastic in concrete is better than none it makes it stronger as it is then a composite material. Which is stronger. That was shown in another video.

[@lemlem7442]

People in 2020: Wow, graphene is cool you know, I would love these super fast batteries... People in 2100: NoW yOU CaN UNlocK PhOne wiTH YOur BuTT :DDDDDDD

[@dr.zoidberg8666]

Bold of you to assume we'll still be using phones 80 years from now.

[@pifdemestre7066]

@@dr.zoidberg8666 I think we (human) will still use phone in 80 years, but it will be something completely unrelated to actual phones. Maybe a hat or something.

[@dr.zoidberg8666]

@@pifdemestre7066 Imho it's most likely that we're gonna move towards a BCI/AR interface -- something like Neuralink paired with AR contact lenses.

[@SickPrid3]

yeah, yeah. We know, the almighty graphene is* coming to commercial manufacturing *is never

[@Vit-Pokorny]

just like Geometry Dash 2.2 update

[@garyz777]

Can graphene be destroyed? What if there are destructive aspects to graphene that we don't know about? It seems to me that it would be easy for sheets of graphene to become loose in the environment. Since a sheet of graphene can be one atom thick, imagine the damage sheets of graphene floating around in our environment can do. Doesn't seem like a good idea to inhale graphene as it would be the sharpest blade in the world and could wreak havoc on our lungs. Or what's to stop an invisible large enough sheet of graphene from floating around cutting people in half or removing limbs, damaging eyes, etc? I think the number one safety issue with this new super material - that I'm extremely excited about - will be making sure it doesn't escape into the environment. Working out how we secure graphene should be solved and enforced before we start mass producing it, I think.

[@DJHLX3]

So if u get hit by lightning does some carbon in your body turn to graphene

[@michelbisson6645]

what type of graphene?

[@night_gryphon]

just add a bit more pressure and heat to your coffee machine and it will make a cup of coffee and graphene instead of coffee waste ;)

[@johnsavage8873]

Better battery? When you don't need but but one. The auto industry has refused to given people self charging for over a hundred years and still is doing it.

[@justinw1765]

Ah, sugar contains A LOT of carbon, as anyone who has done the sulfuric acid dehydration of sugar knows (the sulphuric acid super dehydrates the sugar--pulls out the water leaving behind almost pure carbon). Sugar is super cheap and easy to get.