How the brain changes changes the strength of connections between neurones, to enable us to learn and remember.
Пікірлер: 142
@tman70227 жыл бұрын
videos good but just a tip your volume is in and out
@guitarfreak13338 жыл бұрын
Finally, an explanation on the biological process. Thanks for the upload! :-)
@kristianramserran4 жыл бұрын
Hello, just wanted to say i'm in a neuroscience course during Covid-19 and this was a great explanation. thank you so much
@bradsillasen19723 жыл бұрын
Finally found an explanation for what strengthening a synapse means.
@Alexy9148 жыл бұрын
Saves much time! Love it.
@antontrifanov35019 жыл бұрын
soooo good! 3 hours lecture in 7 min, and so clear !! Thanks a lot
@cpuzz82643 жыл бұрын
You explain neuroscience more clearly than anyone else I’ve heard
@AgentPanda93 жыл бұрын
Great video! I loved how you kept saying "and how does this happen?" and then you continued. It seems like in other educational videos, it's always cut prematurely for one reason or another.
@buckrogers53313 жыл бұрын
Man, I needed this video to understand the whole spiking phenom. Thanks so much!
@nicholasdoumtsis50159 жыл бұрын
best explanation for this concept I have found, keep up the good work buddy!
@monzurulalam42028 жыл бұрын
Excellent! The best video ever. Thanks!
@keirdee9 жыл бұрын
That was class, Thank you!
@yukinetakanashi37143 жыл бұрын
one of the best videos to have explained this so seamlessly. I can say that cuz I have almost watched 7 or so videos on the same topic by now and urs was by far the best.
@melissanyberg8893 Жыл бұрын
This must be one of the best videos I've seen! Thank you!
@user-pm8lo1dh4o7 жыл бұрын
VERY HELPFUL! THANKS!
@user-hp7dc4bv4j5 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much for the video! Really.
@megasam18819 жыл бұрын
Beautiful video! Please do post more. Thank you very much.
@VocaloidsWatcher6 жыл бұрын
This made it so much easier to understand ! Thanks
@katiebrown85455 жыл бұрын
Fantastic job explaining a very complex subject simply!!!
@arnonuhm78278 жыл бұрын
Thank you very much, you wrapped this topic up quite nicely!
@yomnaasar85492 жыл бұрын
This is fantastic! so clear !
@TheSocialSmilingMonkey Жыл бұрын
Great information 👍. If we think about physical properties and the physics of their potential a channel can be reinforced by continuing the flow of a molecule along the pathway. So the old saying ; "use it or loose it". Is very true to strengthening synapses and also on building pre-existing pathways within us.
@Angela-vn7sz5 жыл бұрын
Great vid and amazingly well expalined! Thanks a lot .
@omina90223 жыл бұрын
Hi, medstudent here and I gotta say this amazing!! Thank you so much!
@Maya-vg6md3 жыл бұрын
Brilliant explanation! Thank you so much for making this video :)
@meggietiffany91243 жыл бұрын
This helped me significantly on one of my neuroscience exams, thank you 👌👌
@nuharefaey66549 жыл бұрын
Thanks That was extremely helpful
@Nitinanand084 жыл бұрын
Beautifully explained!
@argal873 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much ! Quick and clear
@behayluyibe76524 жыл бұрын
This is the best neuroscience explanation
@banyannn4 жыл бұрын
Thanks for a great explanation!
@8881677 жыл бұрын
perfect video. Thank you
@sanjanalaksh6 жыл бұрын
Thank you ! That was a brilliant video 😀
@felixflux10 жыл бұрын
Please make some more videos, these are great!!!!
@EigenA3 жыл бұрын
Awesome, thank you!
@RocksTimmy9 жыл бұрын
Great video man, good tempo, great job!
@benjaminjordan23306 жыл бұрын
Thx for this in depth vid, I subbed.
@elitzaterzieva91372 жыл бұрын
Thank you! That was SUPER helpful
@joefalk64555 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much. This was very informative and gave me information I've been trying to learn. I took a lot of Methylphenidate growing up and had crazy amounts of glutamate in my brain, life has been so different lately now that I'm 19 and this really does answer a lot. Ps. Don't give kids Ritalin/concerta/methylphenidate or Focalin/dexmethylphenidate, shit is bad for the brain, and permanently causes permanent changes and permeanant symptoms of ADHD through gene regulation, excitotoxic brain damage, and developmental changes. Everyone who takes this under 16, even just briefly, has permanently down regulated GABA and it's still fuckin FDA approved. ADHD is practically made up by the pharmacuetical companies and pediatricians should not be the ones prescribing it, they don't know about psycology or brain chemistry.
@ericmink6 жыл бұрын
Thanks! Just commenting to say that I like your speed
@rainwang24585 жыл бұрын
This helped me so much, thank you :))))
@HarleyJanee8 жыл бұрын
Thanks for this, really helpful
@bulletkip9 жыл бұрын
awesome! you deserve more subscribers, keep it up!
@sergio63574 жыл бұрын
Very goooood. Thanks for your help
@sanhitasaxena15422 жыл бұрын
great explanation, thank you!
@ajavinducn19993 жыл бұрын
Best teacher ever
@evildoesnotsleep-x2b5 жыл бұрын
your videos are very helpful
@illck50859 жыл бұрын
Brilliant!
@patmcd78499 жыл бұрын
Great explanation.
@robinstridh36699 жыл бұрын
Thank you
@hazevel9 жыл бұрын
Perferct. thank you very much
@tranle9210 жыл бұрын
great explanation. thanks :)
@a.v.segesser35855 жыл бұрын
apart from the volume problems at the beginning best video for understanding synaptic plasticity I could wish for
@harishg94297 жыл бұрын
thanks, really useful
@LuvElaYay4 жыл бұрын
you are the best dude thank you
@treysmith215010 жыл бұрын
thank you
@quaidcarlobulloch93003 жыл бұрын
Great video!
@baburamprasad9263 жыл бұрын
Thanks a ton 😊
@viverbem98102 жыл бұрын
Amazing video! Thanks lots :)
@Medicoboi3 жыл бұрын
Superb! :)
@taskeenjanjua704910 жыл бұрын
Dude your videos are great!!! really helped me with my neuro paper this semester. Would love to see some anatomy videos too. Thank you for doing this. Much appreciated. :)
@nazeeraharmanza4 жыл бұрын
his is a good video! hi from neuroscience enthusiast here!
@mymusicsyc3 жыл бұрын
Thanks!
@Elpidio10002 ай бұрын
Muchas gracias.
@muhamadshameem40362 жыл бұрын
Thanks a lot
@severinmittermayer70922 жыл бұрын
Hey, thank you for sharing this knowledge. If you'd be so kind, i have a request; Do you know a paper approaching the topic of how exactly protein kinase is influncing the "recycling" of AMPA receptors? Thank you again, Severin Mittermayer
@vivivava18313 жыл бұрын
Wow. Now I understand the role of Ca2+ in LTP and LTD better
@user-ie1fg5ig5e4 жыл бұрын
Interesting..i took some notes mister👌
@myelinsheathxd4 жыл бұрын
THX!
@user-ox3iw9eb3j2 ай бұрын
Really cool! It was not only very informative but also a kind of entertaining and I truly enjoyed it. Thank you! ;)
@MyUnboxingsAndFun4 жыл бұрын
But how does this happen? Hehe. Loved it! :)
@screamingperson81886 жыл бұрын
Fucking GOLD right here mate, you're amazing!!
@Organisierer8 жыл бұрын
this is great
@sn222786 жыл бұрын
literally saved my lifeee
@Calas00075 жыл бұрын
Do you mind sharing your references you used for this video I'd really like to get into this topic by myself. I'm pretty new to this field and currently conducting research on this topic. Alternatively some key words (e.g Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity) besides neuronal plasticity would be very appreciated
@thineshpathmaraja66703 жыл бұрын
At 1:33, should it be metaBOtropic and ionoTROpic receptors, rather than metabolic and ionic? Are 'metabolic' receptors the same as 'metabotropic' receptors?
@ajaymodgil36626 жыл бұрын
beauty.
@ZzstivigizZ4 жыл бұрын
How does postsinaptic neuron despolirizes before the presinaptic does?
@jagratneet53982 жыл бұрын
BEST.
@ToriKo_6 жыл бұрын
Good video
@AmitIka8 жыл бұрын
What causes the process of the post-synaptic firing 20 ms before pre-synaptic and the process of post-synaptic firing 20 ms after the pre-synaptic? Like what is the mechanism for the dendrite to go either way?
@Organisierer8 жыл бұрын
+Amit Ika im not exactly sure, but i think its about coincidence of... lets say signals. i remember an experiment with snails, wherethey made them connect a slight touch with a later painful touch (leading to an action potential in associated neurons) to investigate LTP. i guess for complex bevhaviour, we could think of one signal activated by former experiences associations and one from outside, or something alike.
@Organisierer8 жыл бұрын
+Amit Ika i think this has to do with the neurons basically "wanting" to predict what happens next.
@j.dreessen85035 жыл бұрын
In a nutshell, there is no mechanism. Individual neurons may have up to 10,000 inputs (aka pre-synaptic connections) each. This video is discussing the relationship between only two neurons. The mechanisms of LTP and LTD are basically nature's gain filter; if a pre-synaptic connection is consistently "synced up" with post-synaptic action potentials (i.e. pre fires ~20msec before post), that pre-synaptic neuron can be described as constructively interfering with the activity of the post-synaptic neuron. Over time, the concerted activation of the two yields LTP. However, if the post-synaptic neuron is firing *before* that same pre-synaptic neuron, then the signal from the pre-synaptic neuron is in essence irrelevant to the activation of the post-synaptic neuron. In other words, it's an unimportant connection. Because of the delay, the normal downstream effects of the release of GLU are diminished - fewer AMPA receptors will be inserted into the lipid bilayer at that synaptic cleft, making it more difficult for that specific synapse to trigger an excitatory response in the future (LTD). TL;DR: it's not that the post-synaptic cell fires before the pre-synaptic cell because of any one specific mechanism; the post-synaptic cell was simply excited beyond threshold by a different connection before the AP / NT from the pre-synaptic cell reached it. #betterlatethannever
@giorgosgranitsiotis3 жыл бұрын
J. Dreessen thanks man...
@tomaszsikora67237 жыл бұрын
How does synaptic plasticity work for "inhibitory connections"? Is it the same as for excitatory?
@BrainsExplained7 жыл бұрын
That's a good question! The answer is its complicated...there are a number of different ways inhibitory synapses undergo plasticity. Some of these ways are similar to the hippocampal plasticity in the video. Calcium flowing through NMDA receptors activates calcium dependent kinases or phosphatases which cause the post synaptic cell to insert more GABA receptors or take in GABA receptors respectively. These secondary messengers can also phosphorylate GABA receptors making them more effective. But there are also other different ways; in some cases when an excitatory pre-synaptic neurone stimulates a post synaptic neurone, the post synaptic neurone will release messengers which diffuse back across the synaptic cleft and cause nearby inhibitory neurones to release more or less GABA in the future. Also neuronal activity has also been found to alter the number of chloride transporters in a neurone. Changes in the concentration of chloride within a neurone will change how quickly chloride ions flow into a cell when GABA channels are open, making the existing GABA channels more or less inhibitory. If you're interested in reading further, this is probably the best paper I've found! www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21334194
@tomaszsikora67237 жыл бұрын
Thank you for your response! I'll try to figure this out. Thanks.
@sabrango5 жыл бұрын
thanks bro
@adrianagNeuroFit Жыл бұрын
Great video. What would make the post synaptic receptor fire first?
@lancedeclemy41154 ай бұрын
I have this question too
@auradanielasolanogalarza45307 ай бұрын
Lo amo señor
@arielperez34344 жыл бұрын
How does inhibition work? Are some synapses inhibitory? Why are they so? Would they also go through LTP / LTD?
@scottweinblatt81786 жыл бұрын
But wouldn't Homeostatic plasticity cancel out the effects of Spike-timing-dependent plasticity?
@BrainsExplained6 жыл бұрын
Excellent question! You might think so but the answer is no, with Hebbian plasticity the information is thought to be stored in the pattern of the relative strengths of all the synapses. Homeostatic plasticity changes the global, overall excitability of the neurone through either: Changing the threshold voltage of the neurone, making it more or less likely to fire, but not changing the strengths of the synapses Or through "synaptic scaling", where the strengths of all of the synapses are changed BY THE SAME FACTOR, eg the strengths of all the synapses are doubled or the strengths are all halved. That means that the pattern of synaptic strengths, relative to each other stays the same, and the information is not lost. This paper explains it very nicely: Homeostatic plasticity in the developing nervous system Gina G. Turrigiano & Sacha B. Nelson Nature Reviews Neuroscience 5, 97-107 (February 2004)
@aaronhamilton89976 жыл бұрын
What about synesthesia and art? For example, when I attempt to memorize a concept or an experience, I make pun out of the it and put it into 'memory palace.' Does that mean that, let's say, a neuron responsible for a smell, like an aroma of coffee, will try to connect(via dendrite or axon terminal) to visual responsible neuron when they are 'fired' together, i.e. smelling and seeing the coffee at the same time? Sorry for my bad English
@j.dreessen85035 жыл бұрын
This is the idea behind the Pavlovian response! :)
@rohitnalmada76956 жыл бұрын
what determines which (pre/post synaptic neuron) fires first? And why do activities like studying cause the post synaptic neuron to fire within 20 milliseconds while some other activities don't?
@cyborgtemplar19896 жыл бұрын
I'd like to know the answer to this as well
@cyborgtemplar19896 жыл бұрын
the only thing that comes to mind is association or repetition. the more often something is done the more chances of an earlier action potential. since the cell has fired several times prior in that direction. and the more connections to a cell (association) the more action potentials reach a receptor along the axon, thus increasing the chances of an earlier pre-synaptic firing. . . this is just an assumption however.
@mahdiomidvar5643 жыл бұрын
thank youuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu
@purplecircle7413 Жыл бұрын
Love how I’m learning about synaptic plasticity but I’m not able to develop the plasticity to understand plasticity in time for my midterm 😂
@ralphups77828 жыл бұрын
sort the sound out.
@diogo8443 жыл бұрын
Hi, Could you mention some references for the content of the video?
@phidippusproject69804 жыл бұрын
Has anyone given much consideration to biological boundaries? That is to say, can learning to play ball with one’s dog, or interact with a spider, be creating such synaptic development in both species? As we learn each other’s behaviors, it must be acknowledged that mutual learning occurs. And perhaps consider the posdibility that we are not unique in our neuroplasticity.
@matthewsouter62354 жыл бұрын
Beauty
@hasangunes94642 жыл бұрын
wow nice
@Mrraz99603 жыл бұрын
Hey this really helped me understand HOW synaptic plasticity occurs but WHY does the fact that two neurons that fire together become more linked helps us learn? wouldn't it just make us repeat what we already do?
@anthonyproschka20478 жыл бұрын
Leftie :)
@brmsai40347 ай бұрын
but why would an independent depolarisation/repolarisation in the postsynaptic cell automatically mean a reduction in NMDA receptors? i get how lower ca2+ flow causes less NMDA receptors, but doesnt there need to be a starting point?
@zerotwo7319 Жыл бұрын
Today there are some new discoveries, "Brain Cells Born Together Wire & Fire Together for Life"