The Active Volcano in Tonga; Tofua

[@GeologyHub]

I want to note that when the first (or second) caldera forming eruption began at Tofua, some of local Polynesians who lived on the island were able to escape. As a result, they developed a legend involving deities to explain why the eruption occurred. I would have normally posted the details in the end graphic of this video, but some of its details (despite it being a legend) are a bit NSFW. If you wish to see that legend, wikipedia has a brief description of it.

[@JosiahGould]

Well... I suppose that would be one way to stop a thief.

[@Patriot_Priapism]

@@JosiahGould what do you mean?

[@adriennefloreen]

@@Patriot_Priapism it means not safe/suitable for work it means it contains something that might not be acceptable to say on KZbin

[@adriennefloreen]

Lots of ancient myth stories, if properly translated, actually tell of real ancient geological or celestial events, case in point the Sumerian story of how the gods named after planets fought a war which explains the location of Saturn, Jupiter, the moon, and the asteroid belt, or the Australian Aboriginal myth about how a giant rock formation in the middle of the desert came to exist, or stories in the Hindu vedas of ancient wars fought by gods flying on birds (wrong translation) etc...

[@hgguest2675]

hi GeologyHub, what is NSFW?

[@amoose8439]

You always have the best graphics and images to explain these wonderful events... much appreciated!

[@aznate27]

I agree, I like that the graphics are simple and not overly complicated.

[@GeologyHub]

I’m glad that you enjoy my work!

[@stonew1927]

Perfect! I was just exploring Tonga on Google Earth this morning and happened to notice these two volcanos north of the one that recently erupted and was fascinated by their features and wondered when they last erupted. I also noticed the deep trench to the east along the ocean floor and figured that one plate was subducting under the other causing the volcanos to appear where they are. You affirmed my suspicions!

[@sachaput]

Greatly appreciate the amount of time and research you put into every video. I find them fascinating.

[@iancanuckistan2244]

I missed congratulating you on 100K subscribers. There was a huge jump for you when Hunga Tonga made its statement to the planet.

[@riciarites5065]

@CRAM MARC yup I found him Early Apr 2021 and tell other, pass him on and his families gem stone jewelry!

[@1.4142]

The documentary "300 Days alone" takes place here.

[@danieldeanharrison]

Damn rights, what a legend.

[@bidenadministrationischina5091]

No kidding? I saw that long time ago out of curiosity

[@GeologyHub]

Would recommend the documentary. Not a bad island to purposely cut yourself off from civilization for 10 months

[@danieldeanharrison]

@@GeologyHub I'd be down for that. As long as there's geological significances like precious metals or gem deposits around the island, I'd be golden.

[@LGWVOS]

@@GeologyHubactually yeah compared to like any other island I could find in Fiji, Samoa, Tong and French Polynesia it’s pretty good for that sort of thing

[@SJR_Media_Group]

Thank you so much for your very professional yet easy to understand Geology 101. I am a former Geology student and continue reading, watching, and researching Geology. Your insight and delivery style helps people to understand the processes involved.

[@RobinMarks1313]

Best volcano site on You Tube! GOOD JOB!

[@DestinationArt]

I love your videos. And I especially love hearing you say the name of this volcano!

[@magnumrepia537]

This is solid as! As well as informative coverage of the matter!! Well done..!! 💯 👏👏👏

[@juliocean1331]

Thank.You for the great video, graphics and commentary. Tofua is a beautiful volcanic island. 🌋💕

[@ptocknell]

I paused at 1:16 and stared at that chart for quite a bit. I would love to see more videos explaining plate tectonics for specific volcanoes and volcano regions. There is so much going on beneath the volcano that I find fascinating!!

[@GeologyHub]

I would love to explain more! In my next Tonga volcano video I will cover a different geologic setting called a back arc basin.

[@Ronin4614]

I love the “xxxonga” names they have there. Thank you for such crisp and fact based, non-hyped coverage. Take care, amigo.

[@lanceleavitt7472]

Came here to get information, and that's what I got. --- Thanks for the great upload. ---

[@Tricksandchaos]

I climbed inside this and swam in the lake in 2013 - epic trip!

[@jakeclarke8706]

So the water must not be toxic in the crater lake huh? Did you see any life in the lake above algae?

[@cornbread6182]

This channel is the best, only issue I have is when you show lists you flash them too fast, be nice if you gave little more time to read you're lists at end of videos, other than that, best channel, very informative

[@AmazingPhilippines1]

Thanks for bringing these videos to us.

[@victor440]

Besides being site of the documentary “300 days alone”, this island is also near the location where the mutiny on the HMS Bounty took place on April 28 1789.

[@riciarites5065]

Cool! Thx

[@fishingthelist4017]

Now we need a video about Pitcairn Island.

[@LossyLossnitzer]

I am glad you are talking about this as I was looking at this one on Google earth and looking at the trees around the volcanic lake , thinking when will this go off noting that there were a few earthquakes of ~ Mag 4.5 between Tofua and the last big eruptive volcano recently.

[@laurahorn2976]

I learned about the Deccan/Siberian Traps a while ago and I want to know more than just the basic definition. They seem fascinating and terrifying.

[@sabrinafelber]

Thanks so much. Very informative.

[@tomp_]

It is a really unknown volcano, but I love looking at it’s amazing structure

[@akfroggie2177]

Back in 1993 I was working on a project in Tonga and actually got to visit Tofu'a. Arrived by floatplane from Nei'afu, Vava'u and landed on the crater lake, then hiked up to the rim of the active crater. The gas coming out of it was so noxious that even the slightest whiff seized up your lungs and prevented breathing - Scary, and I've never experienced anything else like it. The whole crater, though, was a magical 'other-world', and it's worth noting that the Mutiny on the Bounty took place off the southwest coast of Tofu'a, with the crew coming ashore on the beach there, unaware of the freshwater lake in the crater. There's really no place to land a boat and when I was there, there weren't any permanent residents on the island - just a couple of garden plots on the northeast coast where people came over from Ha'apai to grow crops, but only on days that were calm enough to anchor and ferry themselves ashore by canoe. Really amazing place.

[@jakeclarke8706]

Fascinating, I was wondering what that gas would be like. Is the freshwater lake inside the crater tainted by the sulphur? Thanks for sharing the awesome experience!

[@akfroggie2177]

@@jakeclarke8706 There was a smell of sulfur everywhere, but the lake water was fresh and good to drink - with filtration, as it was a bit murky in places due to algae on the bottom.

[@DanishGSM]

Thanks so much for the video and info. I wish All a great Day 22.

[@CAT-ow8oh]

It looks like a nice place to do a hike

[@gaius_enceladus]

Great video! I had heard of Tofua but wasn't aware that it was erupting now!

[@_rakshas_]

Interesting i Remember once playing with Google earth around Tonga and i saw both Tofua and Kao and i think that the recent eruption could also trigger another big Eruption in both Tofua and Kao but its just A Matter of Time this is So Interesting, and congrats on 100k subscribers last time i visited this channel you only had 98k

[@catou060195]

That whole region going from NZ to Tonga is riddled with undersea volcanoes, not much of a stretch to think other eruptions will happen

[@francois9747]

Yup. Even in Auckland alone there is 50 volcanoes with our biggest one Rangitoto being dormant.

[@mrvwbug4423]

That volcanic basin in general is particularly violent. Taupo on the north island of NZ has produced some of the most violent eruptions of the last 60,000 years and the most recent VEI 8

[@chrisrifkin3670]

A huge chunk of VEI 6 plus eruptions from New Zealand up through Vanuatu..my bets are the 1808 mystery mega blast came from this ares

[@MiMayonGo]

Congrats brah. You got verified!

[@jamesschuh8568]

I was glued to this video clip for 4:14minutes 😂 very interesting 🤔😳🤔 information 👍🙂👍

[@oneshotme]

Enjoyed the video and I gave it a Thumbs Up

[@geographytimes1251]

"Hunga tunga" that's great, nice video, thanks geologyhub

[@danielmconnolly7]

Cowa Bunga Hunga Tunga dude.

[@geographytimes1251]

@@danielmconnolly7 yesss😅

[@UnknownGamer-qz4xc]

i know so damn well this will be taught in school when we are old.

[@TheSpaceEnthusiast-vl6wx]

Thanks!

[@JohnDoe-jq5wy]

WELL DONE PRESENTATION

[@المرتدالفخور]

Hello GeologyHub. Thanks for this most recent vid, hope you’re doing good. I have a request: can you please do a video on the Azas Plateau Volcanic Field in Siberia, Russia? From my research, there’s not much information out there about this volcanic complex. It’s located near Lake Baikal, and is due to the Baikal Rift.

[@dk3062]

I really enjoy your videos

[@poppiesbloom001]

Thanks for the straight forward content! I was hoping you could talk about Montreal’s Mount Royal. I understand it is some kind of intrusion of magma and would be interested to know more.

[@MelanieCravens]

I'd like to know more about Cheyenne Mountain, Pike's Peak, and Garden of the Gods in Colorado.

[@LEDewey_MD]

People are currently living on the island?!! Great video!Always fascinating and informative! ❤

[@WMPEXFBTLZYH]

Beautiful island i wanna go there someday ❤️

[@petermaree]

Hi. Are there any other underwater volcanos of interest in the tofu area. Are there diff types of magma compositions or are they all different?

[@erinmcdonald7781]

This will be a other one to watch, especially since it has the potential to erupt in such a variety of ways. 💚🌋🌏

[@michaelallport5816]

Good presentation.

[@michaelprowland]

Awesome video! I’ve been wanting to visit Tofua sincE discovering it on the early internet. So cool! I wonder if it’s safe to swim in or drink the lake water.

[@Lord_Magikarp]

Impressive how an Ocean-Ocean boundary gave rise to Dacite. Pretty cool

[@tomp_]

Why has the volcano not showed up in erupting volcano lists?

[@jaqenhghar2970]

what list are you looking at?

[@elgatogordo9523]

Glad the Castaway guy and the cameraman didn’t get stranded on this island 🏝

[@psalmerperena4120]

This volcano produced two VEI 6 eruptions that are only 70 years apart. Are there any volcanoes capable of doing major eruptions after such a short nap? Taal did a VEI 4 in the year 1749 then a VEI 5 in 1754. On a side note, can you do a video about the Gakkel Ridge caldera?

[@mrvwbug4423]

Taupo maybe? It has produced a large number of VEI 6 and 7 eruptions over the last 60,000 years (which is fairly recent from a geologic standpoint), it's in the same subduction zone as Tonga. Taupo also produced the most recent VEI 8 so is considered a supervolcano. It's been quiet-ish for the last 1800 years, but could of course resume activity (still a lot of geothermal activity in the area).

[@chrisrifkin3670]

Mt St Helen's I think had 2 VEI 5s 2 years apart

[@riciarites5065]

Thank you I appreciate the data

[@darranmohan5700]

This was well done

[@bananacat4945]

Could you do a video about the vulkan krenitsyna volcano in Russia? It’s such a beautiful volcano and I would like to know more about it

[@mytar35]

Have a great week

[@cmcer1995]

I did check wiki where it stated the caldera was formed by a major eruption around 1,000 years BP. What does "BP" mean? It seems like any of those volcanoes in the Tonga area are a potential for very explosive eruptions. It also mention the Mutiny on the Bounty taken place around there as well, and how Capt. Bligh went to Tofua first before trying to get back home. Interesting history. Thanks for the information on this one.

[@omegastar19]

BP stands for ‘Before Present’

[@noonatonga225]

Thank you for the briefing. This should keep people in Tonga on the alert.

[@jaqenhghar2970]

@Hilda Kimina shut up.

[@ironnorse]

The appeal is great for living on a tropical island with all the modern convinces. A house near the ocean, virtually no crime, the freedoms come with a tight-knit community of friends and neighbors.. But here, we see the dark side, the realistic potential of a volcano, a tsunami, or an ash cloud that kills everything for miles. Paradise destroyed in a moment, many lives changed forever, and the place they called home for generations is no more.

[@riciarites5065]

Thx, live for today.

[@hungatonga-hungahaapai6402]

That is why our Polynesian ancestors were always on the move. Being the intrepid explorers they were and still are to this day.

[@ironnorse]

@HUNGA TONGA-HUNGA HA'APAI HTH while I agree whole heartedly Polynesians were among the best of the very best seafarers. The idea that the young men still jump into their out- rigger canoes and hit the high seas for months to discover unknown islands is no more.

[@buzz1913]

Please cover Hibok Hibok Volcano in camiguin island the most deadliest volcano in the Philippines killing over 3000 in 1949-1951 eruption forcing half of island population to migrate

[@xxxx85]

I have a question! How come the caldera doesn't fill up with a crater lake? The caldera seems to form a rather uniform ring around the center lake with no visible outflow of water into the ocean so why doesn't rain water add up to create a lake until it reaches a point where water finds an outflow?

[@NeoRipshaft]

Hm I just thought of a question that I don't believe has been addressed yet; What sort of timespans are we looking at when it comes to the collapses that create calderas? Is the collapse generally a slow subsidance over time, does it fall catastrophically, does it coincide with the effusion of molten rock and gasses etc? Obviously no individual answer would suffice - I expect all of these to be true to some extent at least some of the time... but really curious what we know here.

[@stewartread4235]

Any chance you could explain the 6.2 earthquake on Cyprus, 03:08 local time 11 Jan 2021.

[@patriciaowens3479]

Wow...prayers for these people!!!

[@craigaxle1096]

Yes, I deed.

[@francois9747]

These people are heavy Mormons/christians so they'll appreciate the prayers 🙌😌

[@dawnpalmby5100]

Just thinking about some of the arrival stories from native tribes on the west coast of North America, they came to Turtle Island after escaping their island that fell into the ocean. After the explosion of Honga Tonga I can imagine now how that could've occured

[@rareduck8987]

This is the guy from Switzerland that survived 300 days

[@brettlejeune7009]

Do you have any information on the volcanic eruption in Costa Rica?

[@baystated]

New diagrams! Nice.

[@geoffgammenthaler242]

Very interesting!

[@pilotman012]

Forgive me if already asked. Is the in the water in caldera fresh or sea water?

[@williamedwards8183]

You get a thumbs up just because you can say it’s name. Without going into a coughing fit

[@ForrestMillerMusic]

So rad

[@TheSebbel19]

Hi, a viedeo about Haku-san in japan would be interessting. this vulcano had multiple times of seizmic aktivity under the mountan top, but nothing happend.

[@chuckhursch5374]

Still looking for a video on the Sutter Buttes north of Sacramento, CA. I don’t recall seeing a video on this, but it’s possible I’ve missed it or forgotten.

[@LadyAnuB]

He did do one on it: kzbin.info/www/bejne/iJ7JmmWAlrmbiac

[@1.4142]

I suggested this!

[@RANDOMNATION907]

Can you do a video on the Ulithi Atoll? At one time I had hoped to retire their someday. But that isn't likely to happen now.

[@JohnnyYTwestbrook]

Hey geologyhub it would make my day if you said hi in mi stream bud 😀 I want to talk to ya

[@GeologyHub]

Greetings. How are you today?

[@JohnnyYTwestbrook]

@@GeologyHub I’m doing just fine you are the best volcanologist on the internet and I appreciate what you do to save peoples lives my friend the weather hub recently visited mt Vesuvius he was inspired by you

[@whatthefunction9140]

Is that volcano lake full of fresh or salt water?

[@michaeldeierhoi4096]

It would be fresh water from rainfall. However it would likely be very toxic from the SO2 and other gases the volcanoes releases into it.

[@Astrofrank]

Shouldn't the right "backarc" on the subduction graph at 1:15 be a forearc?

[@peteT269]

The diagram is terribly in general

[@12theotherandrew]

What can you say about the Icelandic volcanoes?

[@michaeldeierhoi4096]

That would probably take several videos because there are so many there.

[@cavetroll666]

thats a cool looking island :)

[@usnretold1122]

What is "CE" How far in time is 1040CE?

[@craigaxle1096]

1040 Common Era

[@melrichardson7709]

@@craigaxle1096 Christian Era. 😊

[@TheDanEdwards]

​@@melrichardson7709 "Christian Era" - since the Gregorian calendar starts before Christianity, CE really just means Gregorian calendar, re-cast as "Common Era" by historians.

[@melrichardson7709]

@@TheDanEdwards your quite right 🤦. I'm so used to using BC and AD. I seem to have miss read a report. I believe the term is "my bad" 🤫

[@mrvwbug4423]

Given what we just saw, I wouldn't discount Tofua having a major eruption with little warning. Nobody was expecting Hunga Tonga to have a VEI 6ish (apparently the final rating hasn't been settled on yet) eruption with little warning, that subduction zone produced the most recent VEI 8 and several VEI 7s in the last 25,000 years so the area seems to be prone to huge eurptions.

[@eighty2snkrs]

is aquatic life present/possible in the center?

[@roberttiffany9208]

Are there any stones of any value being found yet?

[@WTH1812]

Other than geologic age what is the difference between the calderas of Tonga and the craters atop the seamounts stretching from Kauai thru Midway and on to the Kamchatka peninsula? What little investigation done on them has found lava reserves under the centuries/millennia of seafloor deposits.

[@theredrover3217]

Tonga is at (see 1:15) a tetonic plate subaduction zone - rift in the earth's crust - along the Ring of Fire. The Hawaiian islands up to the Emperor Seamounts originated over a stationary 'hot spot' ON the Pacfic Plate. You could say the volcanos are born at The Big Island 'spot' on the Pacific Plate and go to die up at the Aleutians in the subaduction zone at the Aleutian Trench. As volcanoes travel North with the plate, eventually losing thier magma supply - conduit to the 'hot spot' - they are starved (loss of building material), sink and erode to disappear - be submerged.

[@WTH1812]

@@theredrover3217 ... The question is, "What is the difference in the calderas themselves?" Specifically, were the caldera-like formations in the Emperor Seamounts evidence of explosive volcanic eruptions? If not, what caused them and when?

[@theredrover3217]

@@WTH1812 Unfortunately I don't remember discussions details about the submerged seamounts and very leery of winging it. 😜 As I recall the volcanoes become extinct as they travel North. Someone please correct me if I am wrong but 'explosive' events occur with magma and the seamounts have left magma supply behind. I hope someone else will pop in to explain that better.

[@anaschnider2791]

Blessings

[@60079regulatorylaw]

Absolutely brilliant commentary Mate Im learning so much about Tonga. I was swimmingcwoth @60 Tonne Cow birthing s & Tonne calf in Jungs in 1993. I have the carving by the Local Cheif WHO wouldcdive down and také the Jaw Bones og Southern Right Whales. Thanks you fór Sharing.

[@nomnommoon1001]

I dunno why but you saying hunga tonga makes me exhale more air

[@FredvonHayek]

I understand you can build a very affordable vacation home there.

[@MrRussell]

Why does freshly melted rock from a subducting plate go upwards? Wouldn't it still be cooler than the magma it entererd?

[@Dragrath1]

Yes it is indeed cooler the key point for why it goes upwards has to do with density and also much of the crustal melting being induced in the overlying plate. Much of arc magmatism is actually driven by water and other volatiles being forced out of the subducting plate and as these volatiles rise towards the surface they in turn causes the melting point of the rock to lower allowing the overlying crust to differentially melt and produce arc volcanism. There is another type of subduction related volcanism which is much rarer where the underlying plate gets directly melted but that requires much more heat to occur. In Either case the melt that goes upwards is differentially melted that means the material separates out by melting point and density selectively leading to lower density higher silica concentration magmas. Remember that fluids will in the absence of mixing self stratify by density in the presence of a gravitational field. The minerals in basalt are heavier than those andesite dacite or rhyolite respectively so the other types of magma are more buoyant as they have differing fractions of lighter elements/minerals. This is the same reason continents float above the underlying basaltic crust and mantle, effectively continents are basically silicate glacier like crust of lower density rock that floats on top of the denser basaltic rocks.

[@tallcedars2310]

Is this an active volcano with data collection technoogy on it?

[@carenthusiasm5845]

Great video as always...only thing to mention is that it is triggering to me if you stress every last word of all sentences the way u do it 😂🤯

[@scottbutler2761]

Does anyone know why the earth plates move

[@tboman4128]

Your answer is just a google search away.

[@melrichardson7709]

Make a mug of milky coffee and watch the skin that forms move on the hot liquid. Similar process. And before some comedian comments, no the Earth's plates do not float around on hot milk. 😊 Oh bugger! I've probably started a new conspiracy theory. 🤦😉

[@omegastar19]

@@melrichardson7709 The earth is made of chocolate. That is a true scientific fact unlike the CULT of evilution. Dark chocolate subducts under milk chocolate that is why yellowstone erupted, why Djokovich waa deported from Austalia and why I tripped over a rock today. All these things are related because I put them in a list together, which proves its all connected to the flat earth ice age solar minimum.

[@jebbohanan2626]

What is “1100 CE”?

[@myaimistrashgaming5175]

Do you think this eruption will cause global cooling? Like maybe by 1/2 or 1 degree?

[@michaeldeierhoi4096]

A few reports indicate that the Tonga eruption did not put out near enough SO2 to cause and significant cooling. The amount of cooling likely to occur was estimated at --0.011 °C.

[@myaimistrashgaming5175]

@@michaeldeierhoi4096 🤙🏼

[@pauljeffery7658]

Could you inform your loyal audience about Mnt. Hood . Tks Paul

[@2112deadsky]

6.9 72 km W of Pangai, Tonga 2024-08-25 16:29:08 (UTC-07:00) 106.7 km

[@Truthseeker371]

Are you saying non eruptive period rare and blessing? Tongan Islands and many Pacific Islands are volcanic, aren't they? The ancient Mediterranean Sea were highly volcanic, and transformed the land formation. So the life goes.

[@StickAndMove]

When’s Santorini gonna blow again? 🌋

[@Wongwanchungwongjumbo]

Philippines 🇵🇭 Highest Mountain, is also a Volcano 🌋, Mount Apo.

[@bar10dr]

I wonder if the crater lake is freshwater

[@Trixiednd5]

I love your accent 😂

[@OssamabinKenny]

Next I want to watch a video on Tonga Honga Shepanga volcano, and after that a video on Tonga Honga McHonda Panda volcano, and finally a video on Tonga Under Shawarma Anda Manga volcano. Take your time.

[@maturanaccessvlog4424]

Tofua looks like a shield volcano