The Enigmatic Ancient Site of Tiahuanaco + Pumapunku | Ancient Architects

[@AncientArchitects]

In hindsight 'highly unlikely' for a much older age is a little unfair. But in my opinion it is 'unlikely' because of a lack of archaeological evidence to back it up. Furthermore, the giant sandstone slabs of Pumapunku are not weathered and eroded enough in my opinion. This sedimentary rock would be far more eroded if 10-17,000 years old as it's relatively soft compared to granite/andesite/basalt etc, especially with what we know of the climate of South America over the past 10,000 years.

[@shawmahawk5714]

All fair interpretations - I’d argue (pleasantly) that the lack of erosion is a function of the site being buried in mud until being discovered - that would prevent the significant erosion that should be present on older structures in the region. Further, the arid climate, and low wind exposure create a unique preservation zone, much like in Nazca, but with different meteorological features, No idea whether this is a potentially invalid theory, but form what I’ve read - it’s sound. Thanks for your videos bro - Love your work!

[@AncientArchitects]

Good counter. We’d need to study the effects of chemical weathering too. Groundwater etc. And if we can see to what extent the sandstone slabs were buried. Also could model the rate of sedimentation and the height of Lake Titicaca to get an idea of the age of the site. I’ll be looking into these.

[@greatskytrollantidrama4473]

I really like where you're going with this.

[@adamofgrayskull7735]

🤘😜🤘

[@danstewart3354]

Great videos - keep them up. I would love it if you could do a video on chemical weather of rock from being buried in mud!

[@WaywardSoulsandRowdyCrowds]

The dopamine rush one gets from consuming knowledge of this calibre is truly exhilarating. As someone grateful for independent scholars I thank you for your contributions to the expansion of human knowledge. Not to inflate your ego but I truly believe your work will aid academia in rewriting our history.

[@kenburns2639]

We spent two days there a few years back. Locals told us when the Incas arrived, they asked the locals who built this. No one knew. You've left out the altitude at this site. Apx 14,500'. Much reduced oxygen at this elevation, and very difficult for hard labor. No mention of the magnetic properties in some of the stones. Again I encourage you to actually go to these sites to enhance your credibility. Thank you for posting this important site.

[@StratosNikolaidis]

Also let's not forget that they didn't use the wheel. I really wonder how they managed to carry all these blocks. Floating on the air?

[@thomastmc]

@@StratosNikolaidis I would assume that they had wheels and we just haven't found evidence of them yet before I'd consider the rock had been levitated.

[@StratosNikolaidis]

@@thomastmc not exactly; it's already proven that they didn't use wheels. They were using them on toys but not as an actual tool.

[@thomastmc]

@@StratosNikolaidis What was it proven that they were using instead of wheels?

[@StratosNikolaidis]

@@thomastmc That they were using lamas for carrying stuff.

[@thebrhinocerous]

Super glad that you're jumping on the Americas now! Thanks for focusing on this side of the world for a bit.

[@remkoburger6595]

Enigmatic, fascinating and mesmerizing are just a few superlatives that begin to describe this ancient wonder.

[@piolox]

I spent a whole day in the ruins and the level of destruction that it has is impressive there is almost no stone on top of the other in sight only fragments scattered throughout the site except for what was rebuilt the level of destruction of the pyramid is very great I am sure that it was not time that did that not even the stone looters of the nearby town...

[@JeromeEtienne]

The destruction result seems close to the one you see on elephantine island in Egypt

[@rachelm1085]

@Real M I don't want to sound stupid, but if the destruction is like "the hand of God" and if it was another intelligent culture who built these ruins, do you think since no one can place who they were, do you think they were wiped out by the biblical flood in the story of Noah? This might account for the destruction caused in all the older sites? Just a thought.

[@Raven74947]

When I visited I got the impression the place was extremely old. Like, not only was everything fallen down, it was also mostly buried. But everything did seem to be damaged as well... Very mysterious place.

[@alanderson9711]

Beautiful presentation Matt. Especially enjoy the old photographs. Thanks for taking the time and effort. Stay Safe Everyone!

[@annmaria608]

I really enjoyed this video. You presented the research in a clear and understandable manner. Thank you.

[@tumppigo]

Here, as in many other ancient places, we need to understand that there are probably multiple cultures using the same area. And my guess is that the most complex work is the oldest, and that was what made the later people move there....

[@seige82]

Amazing job once again Matt! Can't wait to see your April 1st video, the one that mentions Aliens building Tiahuanaco, people using 3d Stone printers and laser canons, you know all the forgotten technology LoL On a more serious note, I can't wait to see more videos on the travelling Megalithic Culture from the Indus valley to Peru to Easter Island, that is wild! Keep up the spectacular work your doing! :)

[@AncientArchitects]

Don’t give me ideas 😂

[@Slavador2393]

I've been waiting for this episode, don't ask me how I knew, but I knew Matt! I'll be waiting for the follow up video to this informative work.

[@theprincipledtransformatio6152]

Regarding your melted stone hypothesis: I still say the inclusion of organic material in the rock is less likely to have been the result of making the stone molten or near molten. Dry granite melts at 2,219 to 2,300 degrees F. Sandstone has a melting point of 2,380 F. Wood and other organic materials form pyrophoric carbon at 450-500 degrees F and ignites at around 700 F. The organic material would have been carbonized in the process unless oxygen could have been prevented from entering the melting process. Even if possible to exclude oxygen, it is likely there would be some mix of carbonized and non-carbonized material at the interfaces where the stone was formed. Were the stones cast in place, there would have been air gaps between the stone charge and the "mold" before heating, and as temperatures rose past 700 F the organic material would have been carbonized. If oxygen could be excluded from the process, the organic material would have any water content driven from it an it would either loose its structural integrity and turn to powder at a touch, or condense into super hardened organic material. Another problem must be overcome as well related to oxygen, and that would be that of preventing slag and oxidation. Most materials heated to high temperatures form surface slag due to outgassing, and at least for metals, oxidation. Lighter materials float to the top as a liquid state is reached (called dross or slag). The introduction of flux might have been able to prevent oxygen in the process, but there are problems to overcome there as well. The stone which appears to be melted on-site in the bubbled, uneven forms are more consistent with lava flows, and more consistent with what we'd expect with stone melting. A third problem arises in achieving the high temperatures needed to melt the stone without melting what ever contained it. Modern fire brick can withstand the temperatures, but I am not sure what could have withstood such temperatures. Casting had to be done, because I can think of no way to manipulate and shape molten or near molten stone without metal tools and proper protective clothing if it can be done at all, save pouring melted material in a mold, or melting it in the mold. A fourth problem is the lack of evidence of a melting site. It would be difficult to say the least without gas or electrical heating to have reached the 2,219 to 2,300 degrees necessary to melt the stone, and even more so on the massive scale it would have taken to melt it. I would think there would be evidence of massive fires, which impacted the surrounding natural material somewhere in the vicinity of the construction site. At some point, one would think smaller scale tests would have been done before melting stone on site and we would see smaller projects. I have seen no evidence of smaller stone melting, and it seems unlikely the knowledge to perform such large scale projects developed abruptly. Fifth, if material were poured into place, which is the optimum way to get complete contact with the mold, it would require a massive ladle. The material would have had to have been somehow suspended over the pouring area, or sent down a chute. Further, the danger of cold lap would require one continuous pour to achieve the results seen. Cold lap occurs when a metal pour is interrupted for even a moment. The surface of what has already been poured cools just enough when a pour is interrupted to form a skin. When pour resumes an interface is created where the two materials don't mix. Cold lap forms like crack, but with really smooth rather than jagged lines. This means 10-tons of molten stone has to be poured in one continuous pour. The problems of melting in a mold have a host of problems all their own, such as charging a confined area with broken material and then heating said material to a molten state. Heat would have to be introduced from below the stone. How would that be done and if it were done it would leave an impact on the surrounding materials? At minimum the surround materials would have altered coloration due to the heat. Getting the material pushed into the tight 90 degree corners, undercuts in the surface, and such would be difficult at best. It would almost need to be compressed from above, and the mold would have to be properly vented to prevent air from being trapped in corners during the process, preventing areas in corners from properly being filled in with the desired materials. If the material were powdered first, it could be driven into corners, but there is still the problem of heating it. There is still also the potential of surface oxidation and outgassing to contend with as well, as powders do not necessarily exclude air. This is why I would think pouring the material would be the preferred method to manipulate molten rock. The question arises concerning the molds themselves. Are the ornate details included in the mold? If they are, how did they get there other than having been carved? So why would you carve something in material capable of withstanding the required temperatures, to avoid carving them in the material itself? And, why would someone go to that trouble for unique pieces? Was the molding material spent or require being broken away in the process, kind of like investment casting? That part might be doable with the right mix of clays for molds and having an investment piece pre-carved in a material which could be melted or washed away at lower temps. Wax is used in most known investment casting methods. Additional problems exist as well, such as how to make sure the top surface is as smooth as the other cast surfaces. If poured through a small hold in the top of the mold there are air venting issues, as well as dealing with the sprues that would form in any vents and pour holes. There are problems with cooling. Cool too quickly and cracks might form. There are questions then surrounding if the Mesoamericans were performing processes similar to those used to process metals how did they avoid discovering metals? Iron exists in most dirt. Efficiency dictates that early pours of castings might vary in volume, but at some point the engineers performing the casting would determine their maximum optimum volume to cast, and all successive casts would be at or near optimum volume. This would mean we would see some stones which are odd sizes and then massive numbers of stones of the same volume. I am not saying you're wrong here, but there is evidence to pursue if you're right. Operations on the scale we are talking about would leave behind some sort of industrial waste, and likely some sort of artifacts, such as portions of the giant ladles or pits where heating took place, or mass discoloration of surrounding stone and soil. Carbonized materials would be left behind, if not on the stone surface, but in the vicinity of where the material was heated. Maybe you or the viewers see something I've overlooked here, but the technical problems of casting molten stone in either a foundry like process or something more like forging rival that of just simply carving the sandstone, and involve increased risks to personal safety not experienced in the carving process. I would say there are a lot of unanswered questions that need to be answered and backed with evidence before the molten rock idea can be pursued. I would say you have some 'splaining to do. :)

[@raymondbrolly18499]

Loved your content for a long now. 😎 A lot of the rectangular structures are raised farm land. Raised to avoid the frost in the high Andes. This in itself shows how amazing these people were. Keep up the great work ✌️

[@mandyhp]

As always, an excellent presentation , thank you.

[@righteousred723]

Shoutouts to CF-apps, underrated channel

[@AncientArchitects]

Just past 100k subs - great channel - so much info on his channel.

[@righteousred723]

@@AncientArchitects I feel silly, I had no idea he had that many now

[@AncientArchitects]

He should still have way more than 100k with how much work he’s put in!

[@righteousred723]

@@AncientArchitects I concur! In that vein, Ombio Productions only has 25k and likewise deserves many more.

[@trader2137]

its another "ancient high tech" propaganda channel, alot of claiming, 0 evidence

[@janetd5317]

Thanks for this video, especially the old photographs...amazing...

[@baysideauto]

One of my favorite places along with puma punku. Thanks Matt

[@AncientArchitects]

Amazing site

[@jamp12008]

Can’t get enough of ancient Peru and Bolivia. Need more input 😂👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍🤣🤣🤣🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿

[@dionysuz1717]

I love the focus on South America! Lots of mystery due to lack of record keeping. Thank you! Archeologists are not very imaginative though. Everything which is shrouded in mystery is always a tomb or a holy place.

[@antonioperez2623]

Fanastic pictures. I wonder too, if past restorations may have been too aggressive.

[@bmhd6598]

Cool. I like the info. Please keep up the research. Thank you.

[@QuestionsStuff]

How did they haul and lift those cyclopean stone blocks .... ?

[@fredriksjolander2]

Looking forward to the next video!

[@stevefaure415]

Great video and some great old photos. A lot of the places in the drawings and even old photos seem to be of features that no longer exist. And check out this photo at 11:05. It's like nearly complete destruction. It's hard to think that just time has done this, unless a very, very long time indeed. Even in its destruction it looks impressive.

[@davidrabie]

Please check out adam's Calendar and the Ancient stone circles in South Africa. And the bell stones with sound technology... It's a mystery waiting to be unlocked.

[@Diogolindir]

The Megalithic culture haunts my days and nights

[@eglwysfawr4076]

Mine too.

[@felixr.6438]

Same here

[@shREDhead44]

💯

[@nancyM1313]

Hey Matt🙂 Have a nice day

[@AncientArchitects]

Thanks - you too!

[@nancyM1313]

I really enjoyed your reading of Pedro Delon letters with pictures. I am learning so much. Thanks.

[@kawasakikev8905]

so ,one travelling megalithic building people ,rather than a whole world wide culture , i suppose that makes more sense than individual cultures suddenly appearing with identicle building techniques , more research needed on that idea but i like that suggestion , something to consider when looking at some of these megalithic sites . great info thanks

[@youmich]

I visited this site in '98, on a family trip in my late teens. It was the combination of the in the nineties airing kids show 'Mysterious Cities of Gold' and visiting this site that started me on my journey discovering about ancient civilisations. A place worth visiting if you have the chance. Another video well done, looking forward to the follow up video where you will visit the topic of how they might have build this place.

[@AnarKhaos]

very interesting, it would be nice to know more about them

[@trezariusclyde4861]

Lol ikr

[@karenabrams8986]

That place and machu pichu are at the top of my travel wish list.

[@HelmetVanga]

at Macchu Picchu (which is modern) you can see two federations of people, The megalithic and neolithic people who were massive builders and stone specialists drilling holes and refining basalt stone. Then much later came the Incas and build Machu Picchu, the incas were brick layers, putting stone on top of stone, The incas did not have the knowledge or technique like the previous builders, also see the ruins at Sillustani and compare those stones to Machu Picchu and you will see the difference.

[@JMM33RanMA]

Thanks for another fascinating description of the marvelous and enigmatic stonework of the area currently known as Peru and Bolivia. I, too, regret the lack of written records, but for Spaniards, the people who destroyed the Mexican codices out of superstitious Christianity, to cry about it is hypocritical to say the least. Keep up the good work Matt.

[@JMM33RanMA]

@@Joe-nq6hy Absolutely agreed! I only criticized burning the books. I don't like slavery either, but other Europeans and even the native people were doing that. Suppressing human sacrifice and cannibalism are the only forms of religious imposition I approve of.

[@lynnmitzy1643]

Thank you, Matt♥️⛰♥️

[@AncientArchitects]

Thank you

[@XLA-zg1nn]

great work

[@thaleianienna8215]

The humanoid statue reminds me of Gobekli Tepe, it’s the position of the hands, which also reminds me of the Easter Island statues .. a lot of things that we don’t know about our history

[@AndyEmerald]

I see a video about Pumapunku, I hit like

[@ericmathena]

We are mesmerized by the stonework. Why nobody talks about what they could do with wood? I bet we could more easily understand how they worked stone if we could know how they manipulated wood. Japanese buildings are one tiny example. I would love to see a video addressing this subject.

[@merlim5494]

nice video, ty

[@craigmiller4528]

Tenon Heads. Not found very often. Here, Chavin de Huantar and Tenochtitlan. On this scale anyway. The Ancient Amazonian migration route ?

[@Northern5tar]

One of the commonalities of 'the lost megalithic culture' is they left no inscriptions and or decorations on the walls. Besides the 'knobs' that is. So the texts, petroglyphs, heads and other images disqualify it. Though it could have been added later. In fact the entire site could have been a rebuild effort. Using material from the original megalithic structure that looks like it was obliterated. The figure on the gate reminds me of gods and goddesses from the Mediterranean to Egypt, to Sumer. All holding two snakes or other animals and objects in this pose. The 'Minoan Snake Goddess', the Cippus of Horus, etc. When it are other animals it's usually the tail. Gilgamesh 'wrestling' with two lions. Holding them by they tails, creating the same motif.

[@felixr.6438]

What I want to know is how on earth did they create these smooth surfaces?

[@felixr.6438]

@@Joe-nq6hy Haha :D Well maybe I'm just being ignorant but don't you have to grind the surface to get it as smooth as it is on the lower half of the sungate for example? Or use something more than chisels?

[@HelmetVanga]

most do not want to believe in ancient machine technology. Another question for you, how did they drill those holes with such precision?

[@bardmadsen6956]

Seems the double snake extended down to Bolivia at 5:50. Wonder what is in its other hand?

[@shermanatorosborn9688]

What about the Stalactites data?

[@derekvaughn2038]

Matt what do you think the chances are that more, older artifacts lie deeper in the ground and archaeologists just haven’t dug them up yet? I believe it was Graham Handcock that talked about how the archaeologists refuse to dig any deeper because they’re certain there’s nothing else there. Hmm...

[@mikeheffernan]

I'd take anything Hancock says with a grain of salt. But I wonder if Lidar has been used yet?

[@Raven74947]

Most of the site isn't even excavated or developed in any way, the ground is covered with broken ruins. It's probably just a lack of funds and motivation.

[@L.P.1987]

Actually, they did dig deeper. That's why they found Tiahuanaco was originally an humble village.

[@dougalexander7204]

When something is called the ‘navel of the world’, it makes me think the navel is the site of the umbilical cord and being the connection of a newborn to its mother. I wonder who the mother was/is? Because of the detailed and precise stonework, repeated perfectly, this is an ancient site I feel might to have an another worldly connection. 🛸🗿

[@Ck-zk3we]

Huaca Del Toro is the earliest megalithic site in South America 1000bc. Huaca Prieta is 15000 years old. Peru’s culture is just as old as anywhere in the world

[@orzelmorze5586]

Have I said that Tiahuanaco's temple NW diagonal points to Ollyantantambo's shrine, in the same manner as Sigiriya diagonal points Labitynth behind Sphinx and Xi'an great pyramid's diagonal points to Torino castle/cityhall?

[@AncientArchitects]

Wow. Very cool. I’ll check this out.

[@orzelmorze5586]

@@AncientArchitects YT is deleting the link, and I failed to upload once, here is the last try: imgur[XXX]com/a/H7RbeCe Change [XXX] into "."

[@davideoba]

@@orzelmorze5586what would be the connection between an chinese pyramid and Turin? just asking!

[@jfb112697]

@@orzelmorze5586 in the future look up "zwnj" it's a character you can copy and paste into a link and it won't look like anything but the computer won't think it's a link

[@orzelmorze5586]

3100BC - 2300BC there was single material culture between those points, so called "Corded Ware" culture. Chinese legends say that their first emperors/gods came from behind western mountains. I call Torino - Xi'An line "the Dzeus/Seth/Thor/Tengri line" or "9th line" Sigirya - Sphinx - "the Hades/Osiris/Loki/Ravana line" or "10th line" Tiwanaku - Ollyantantambo - "the Poseidon/Geb/Odin/Viracocca line" or "11th line" There is also: - Tichuanaco - Hanoi and Tichuanaco - Bali line, - Bucharesti - Arkona, Bucharesti - Jamasukro line, - Jerusalem - Petra line (Petra lines also occur for masjids built before unification of the Koran).

[@brianvalley5223]

Incredible.

[@scumskimmer]

It's actually quite a bit away from lake Titicaca but was once a port on it - so when is it thought that the lake receded? That might be some clue to the city's date

[@HelmetVanga]

You are right. Tiwanaku was a port city, water almost surrounded this place because the volume of water was much more flowing from Lake Titikaka intto Lake Poopo via Desaguadero river. Near Poopo river the neolithic people lived The Chipaya, at the islands of Lake Poopo we had the Urus with its own language.

[@liamredmill9134]

Dowser/deviner at Cori cancha,and puma punku

[@robyngillon6113]

Morning from Australia 👍 thanks wow Just like at school up and rearing to go

[@scifigeezer5271]

I still love that intro music 👍🏻

[@statenhal]

Little late to the party but have you seen this video where it is pretty much scientifically proven puma punku was constructed with geopolymer techniques? I find it extremely fascinating kzbin.info/www/bejne/qJecon5vhrmfp5I

[@HelmetVanga]

Geopolymer. Not conclusive, Brian Foster shows one of the H blocks which all are finished inside and out, but ONE, he points out and shows the inside had round corner and it looks unfinished, meaning this people were carving and drilling with tools we have no knowledge of.. The quarry far from this site also dismantles the theory of geopolymer theory, if you see the quary, they carved chunks of stones to be transported later to be sculped.

[@statenhal]

@@HelmetVanga Do you have a link to that specific video? Flashed some from Brian but couldn't find it.

[@HelmetVanga]

Geopolymer not entirely. The quarry where they got the huge slabs conflicts with that theory. The H blocks are not the same size. They were not made in a mold either. If fact on H block inside the corners are round & unfinished. Near tiwanacu there is a raw slab left unpolished it is in the ground sticking out.

[@psylocibin9359]

Cheers!

[@AncientArchitects]

Cheers

[@Matamumi]

What can be interesting is the cause of damage. Because theese giant stones are broken and chaotically arranged. It must have been done by tidal wave from Lake Titicaca, I can't imagine other natural force not to mention human power. From the geology of Lake Titicaca maybe something could come out. But this had to happen when the lake was bigger, what suggests a greater antiquity.

[@abscess360]

At 13:11 to 13:14 the base row of carvings seem to represent from left to right lion lion elephant lion. Are the animals native to the regen or another regen?

[@chrissmith1521]

How do you know it was a Holy Shrine? 6:16

[@CivilShepherd]

Little Pedro couldn't even imagine the giants that made the megaliths

[@scumskimmer]

Some claim to see a stylised mastodon carved in the Gate Of the Sun; has that been convincingly explained or is it still mysterious?

[@HelmetVanga]

You need to ask a local or bolivian to clear that up. One researcher showed and he though he saw elephant nose and tasks, but if you look the same photo or part of the Sun gate, they are two Condors right up, that will help you to understand what they really are.

[@shREDhead44]

Interesting how western civilization simply “dismisses” the explanation of the natives, regarding their own history.

[@cerebralm]

it's changing man, minds are opening :) slowly but surely....

[@Einalem28]

These are all ancient Lemurian/Atlantian cultures. Those massive rocks were cut, shaped, and molded using SOUND and vibration, hence the no tool mark. Massive rocks were transported using the lay lines of the earth.

[@dinosauralan.9486]

From 5.43 - 5.45 why do I get the impression of the word "CAFE" within the stonework of the wall to the left??

[@zurdoremi]

depends on what you smoked before you watched the video.

[@dinosauralan.9486]

@@zurdoremi Thank you, I believe your comment was totally uncalled for I only made an observation.

[@zurdoremi]

@@dinosauralan.9486 you welcome. I do know that chocolate was invented in the Yucatan by the Mayas. They made a drink out of some beans called Choco Lata which Moctezuma served Cortez in 1520. So maybe they had coffee beans in Peru.

[@jasontroy3911]

It's hard to believe an ancient people could even move blocks of that size never mind precision cut and finish

[@bozo5632]

Ancient sites = ancient people. The techniques for moving and shaping such large stones have been demonstrated. There are a couple of examples of one person moving huge stones completely alone without modern equipment. Coral Castle is a famous one. (He used powered saws to cut the coral, but he moved the stones with simple tripods and the muscles of one human.) What's hard to imagine for me is the extraordinary organization, logistics and political power that would be necessary to mobilize so many people to do so much labor for so many years. (All to build something that seems so pointless and unnecessary in my modern sensibilities.)

[@cedricc4105]

@@bozo5632 Nothing has never been demonstrated concerning cutting and shaping of hard rocks especially granite, diorite, quartzite or basalt during ancient times. Moreover concerning moving of multi-tons blocks, only small scale tests have been made so far with blocks weighing up to 5 tons which in terms of megalithic construction is lightweight, think about 70 tons granite slabs in the King's chamber roof of the Great Pyramid it would have been impossible to manually move or elevate such blocks without heavy machinery, it has be never been demonstrated so far if we except digital simulations which prove nothing.

[@bozo5632]

@@cedricc4105 Russians moved the 1500 ton "Thunderstone" for miles and miles across land and sea in the 1700's with no modern tech. I don't know what it is with Russians, but... there's a Russian guy who drills either diorite or granite with sand and a copper tube. The results are ~indistinguishable from what's seen in Egypt. There's another guy in the US Midwest, Wally Wallington, who has erected a Stonehenge thingy alone with just his brains and muscles, and stood up a big obelisk, completely alone. A claim that something is impossible doesn't last very long after someone up and does it.

[@cedricc4105]

@@bozo5632 I won't believe you for a second if you don't share any video on this, moreover only modern way to cut granite is using tungsten or diamond powered saws not with sand or copper tubes please...

[@bozo5632]

@@cedricc4105 Alright, here's a little bit of Wally Wallington: kzbin.info/www/bejne/e2bTi2qrh5upbsU

[@JohnnyRebKy]

There are stones down there it appears someone practiced on. Scoops taken out of the rock like it was ice cream. It's like someone was practicing with a powerful cutting tool. No way copper bronze chisel did those. You should do a video on the practice stones. They really say a lot 👍.

[@Marc83Aus]

Many cultures left similar stones littered around the enviroment, the remains of natural stone tools for grinding grains.

[@JohnnyRebKy]

@@Marc83Aus I don't think you know what stones I'm talking about. They are really large stones with random cuts and scoop marks. They were clearly practising on them and it looks like they had some kind of powered tool. They seemed to cut and scoop out stone like it was butter

[@thejonathanrath]

Any thoughts regarding the constant ufo sightings into and out of Lake Titicaca? They've been seen for years...cheers everyone.

[@Jaymz001]

A couple of thoughts, how large was this tribe of travellers who could build such amazing things and still maintain enough of their original DNA after interacting with (4-7) other distinct groups of people over 2-5 millennia? Especially if they were constantly fleeing war... My mind wants to conjure up images of 100's of boats setting off over a couple of days with thousands of people. Also, Surely to achieve all this, there must be evidence of superior agriculture to feed this workforce. Even off site up to 2-5kms away, close enough to be carried in regularly. And obviously storage facilities. All so very interesting, I can definitely understand the fascination that compels your work. 👍 👍

[@dixonbeejay]

Im polynesian and i know my ancestry since the beginning of time

[@bloomberg6339]

Just look at these H-shaped blocks and ask yourself, what was their technical purpose and you will not be able to answer that question.

[@kenlieck7756]

They went with R-shaped blocks, and I can give you innumerable reasons why this must be so, as well as why you should hire H&R Block to do your tax returns! (sorry, that joke just keeps getting older, not better...)

[@AncientArchitects]

Well, yes, as stated they made sections of buildings and fitted them together, a little like a Lego. Experts have created scale models and have shown what Pumapunku would have looked like with the pieces all slotted together

[@orzelmorze5586]

In eg. brutalist and other modernist architecture decorative-details are made in this way, it is how in mechanized world you may obtain decoration-details.

[@bozo5632]

@Ooki Cooki I think that's probably right.

[@AllStyleNoSubstance1]

You should do a video on Caral next

[@HelmetVanga]

Caral seems or they say is much older. The difference is that Caral people were bricklayers, they put stone on top of stone any stone or rock they found, and their city looks like yards to corral sheep. Tiwanaku and Puma Punku are megalithic (massive stone) and neolithic (polished stone)

[@kostapapa1989]

And on Chavin

[@greatskytrollantidrama4473]

The megalithic builders were a Nomadic boat people

[@orzelmorze5586]

hahahahahhahahahahhahahahahhahahahahahhahahahahahhahahahhahahahahahahahahahhahahahha and so on :D

[@PaulthePhilosopher2]

Except for the hundreds of years long intervals when they weren't.

[@kateemma-]

How deep did those excavations go, if the level is now much higher in Tiahuanaco to the same height of the levels seen on Easter Island then unless they have dug down about 10 feet they may only be just essentially be scratching the surface. Finding organic matter and dating that does not mean that the site is not older than it gets dated to, stone, after all cannot be carbon dated and therefore we have absolutely NO idea how old the site really is unless, as I have just said, they dig down by at least 10feet or more.

[@miltonbates6425]

Who were these magnificent basterds?!?

[@mohurley651]

Ask Matt, he’ll probably tell you it was khufu who built it as apparently those super Egyptians wearing nothing but gold underpants and mascara can move stones that weigh more than 40 small family cars and lift them 300 meters. It must be the underpants if ya ask me 🙄

[@coryCuc]

@@mohurley651 Lol. So true.

[@jacksonestacado7409]

Funny how the blocks are so accurate and the standing human type (totems) figures are of a less accurate standard than the blocks.

[@TheAnanaki]

Had to check and yes "specialisms" is indeed an actual word across the pond 😉

[@dazuk1969]

You are missing the point Matt, andesite is 7 on the mohs scale. Bronze is 3-4...you can not cut and shape andesite in the way we see at Puma Punku with such tools. I will also mention the 12,000 ft elevation. You try and smelt/forge any metal at that elevation....i wish you luck, peace to ya.

[@gavsterlegrand6488]

Viracocha ! When the Incas first set eyes upon the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, they thought it was the return of Viracocha because they had beards. Viracocha was their creator god and stems back many millenia before the arrival of the Spanish. Viracocha was the bringer of civilisation in the form of husbandry , mathematics and industry.

[@hannibalbarca6308]

Its not PC to even talk about any of this anymore

[@johncurtis920]

This nomadic tribe/culture idea gets a certain credence when you look at the faces in the plaza walls at one of the sites. Faces that appear to reflect humans resident in other areas of the planet. I wonder if one could cross-reference those faces to the hypothesized path taken by the nomadic culture? Is the perimeter wall a sort of historical record for the people who built it? Maybe the central stone figure represents the nomadic tribe, or of certain leaders of it? The fact that they appear to have traveled some distance around the planet, over multiple generations of time, implies they were a cohesive group. Much like the Jews of our era. Which means they must have had established ways of maintaining themselves as they sojourned around from place to place. They may have died out as a culture after multiple millennia's of time, but theirs must have been a magnificent story don't'cha think? John~ American Net'Zen

[@kostapapa1989]

It reminds me of Minoan Knossos or Phaistos on Crete.

[@dustyl170]

Cool 😎

[@TheFirstBubbaBong]

Attention all youtubers making videos of ancient stuff we all enjoy watching and contributing in.... can y'all start getting together and working on a big collaboration project. Say something like an annual conference/gathering of like minded people for a weekend full of knowledge sharing and bringing together the community in one central location would be preferred. There are enough of you all to have a European contingent and an American contingent as well as an India contingent. Come on what do you say everyone? Love the shout out to Chuck... one of the most under sub'd guys in youtubeland.

[@andrethunestvedt6335]

The name Tiawanaku is of quechua origin. The language spoken by the Inca. The meaning is explained by Spanish chronicler Bernabe Cobo in his book "Historia del Nuevo Mundo" from 1653. Tia means sit and wanaku or huanaco means Guanako, a camelid native to South America. The Inca messenger runners was called wanakus because the Guanaku animal is a very swift animal. So in essence they called it Tiahuanaco because it was a resting place for the Inca runners. The quechua name Tiahuanacu is not related with the aymara name for this place which is Taipiqala. Taipi means center or midpoint. Qala means constructed of stone. The Spanish chronicler Bernabe Cobo wrote in his book "It appears that the town, before it came under Inca rule, was Taypicala, from Aymara, which is the native language of this region. The name of this town means "the stone in the middle" because the Indians of Collao were of of the opinion that this town was in the middle of the earth, and that the people who repopulated the world after the flood came out of this place."

[@HelmetVanga]

Tiwanaku is a megalithic and neolithic people. The inca appeared thousands of years much later. This site and its name was in the language either Pukina or Uru. I came accross the real meaning of this city, but my harddisk crashed and took part of my work. The Inca runners were actually called Chasquis. This place has been ransacked massively. For example, the Kuntur Monolith was remove from this site. I happen to have a photo of it that was posted in a local newspaper.

[@outcastoffoolgara]

Thank you Matt. Is there an inventory of human remains excavated from the site?

[@HelmetVanga]

You can see skulls at the museum in La Paz and other museums. There is one small museum in a village, near the lake what you see there will make you wonder more, the skulls are elongated, some skulls have holes because the Tiwanacota people practiced trepanation.

[@Dan-qu8qs]

The walls themselves look as though reused stone.

[@SimonEkendahl]

Yes, they are a modern addition, or ”restoration”...

[@vikingskuld]

You guys must not realize there are more places then Egypt and South America. All the other channels do the same 2 or 3 sites. You beat to death the same info over and over. You do a good job and I do like your videos. I'm just saying there are so many other places. Not Easter Island either ugh. Thanks

[@johnnorth9355]

Looks like completely different technology and design to me .

[@HelmetVanga]

I agree with you.

[@robertstimac2428]

An entire plateau full of scattered pieces of precisely made blocks with unreal carvings. The material that could cut granite and diarite is diamond. And the people of that time didn't even know how to write...

[@douglasfielder4621]

Maybe Pumapunku wasn't a special place but just where they made the bits to be assembled elsewhere. A bit like a stone mason's yard.

[@HelmetVanga]

It appears that these people got the massive slabs from the quarry into Puma Punku where they worked the stone to be used in the city of Tiwanaku and surroundeing areas, or wherever the need was, some of the massive slabs were left halfway from the quarry and this site.

[@dangkoen]

Wonder if there was any color at this site, most likely there was.

[@miggyfixx6418]

Bismuth forms similar structures as it cools and crystallizes, and is Diamagnetic

[@darshanheera3178]

If there was a megalithic culture moving through time, would they not at least have been mentioned in ancient Greek and Roman writings.

[@cedricc4105]

Probably not especially if this culture disappeared millenia before their times.

[@steviesummers380]

These ruins are at least 10,000 years old.. no way in hell they are 2,000 years old. Why would they build this and then leave? They were obviously wiped out by a cataclysm

[@felixr.6438]

Bearded men on the island of Titicaca? Interesting. Isn't that also the mythological birthplace of the Inca and didn't their royalty have red hair?

[@AnubisDark]

Mmm so people came from an island and where more advanced...

[@HelmetVanga]

The bearded men might have been the Sumerians because a large bowl was found near lake titikaka with sumerian writing, this bowl can be seen at the museum.

[@jaredthomaseuper]

Once we know who built the Easter Island heads and the Tula pyramid you will know ho built this. Because they were the same people.

[@thomastmc]

Even with "letters" we only have a hazy view of 2000 years ago, and much of what they wrote then about what came before we ascribe to "myth" or the author's fantasy. Not to mention all the "letters" that have been lost to the concerted efforts of religion and "academia".

[@bruciferburton5246]

There was no traveling group of people doing this.

[@lotwizzard1748]

the protruding heads strike me

[@totttrax]

K19 much???

[@franksinatra4982]

Puma Punku was the aliens comming to check on our civ progress. It says: HAHAHAHAhaHAHAHA

[@GrinninPig]

Huzzah!

[@AncientArchitects]

👍

[@DJ_Joe_DC]

All of that being said what’s the explanation for the Puma Punka stones that are buried deep in mud that was the once a sludge? Surely that’s at least enough evidence to at least acknowledge and speculate on the pre-deluvian existence? 👀