The History of Aleppo during the Bronze Age

In this program we'll take a look at some of the earliest recorded history of one of the world's longest continuously occupied cities - Aleppo (Halab). For much of the Bronze Age, Aleppo was the capital of the wealthy and powerful kingdom of Yamhad. Fending off attacks from Shamshi-Adad's Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia, it eventually succumbed to the might of the Hittite Empire, only to rise again centuries later. Along with Aleppo's most ancient history, we'll also take a look at artwork from the period.
Contents:
00:00 Intro
00:18 Early History
02:32 The Amorite Kingdom of Yamhad
12:04 Enter the Hittites
17:42 Thank You and Channel Patrons
Related Videos:
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The Complete History of the Hittites
• The Complete History o...
Who were the Sea Peoples?
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Sources and Suggested Reading ► bit.ly/3mYhjmD
Machinimas created using Total War: Rome 2 Age of Bronze mod
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#aleppo #ancienthistory #bronzeage

[@marilievanderwalt]

I visited Aleppo in December 2009. This was before the war. It was a beautiful, bustling city with friendly people, interesting spots like the Citadel and the Souk, and wonderful artifacts in its local museum. I just wish peace and prosperity for its people again.

[@HistorywithCy]

Me too. I have met some people here in the US whose families are originally from Aleppo and they're really friendly and great people... and very proud of their city and its heritage. Thanks for watching, I really appreciate it and Happy New Year!

[@bennymoreira1443]

It’s on my future travel list too.

[@Itsme-um3vj]

You were really lucky As a syrian, I had to leave the country since the war began when I was a kid I didn't really have the chance to know my country and culture better Thanks for the heartwarming words about Aleppo and happy New year 🎊🎆

[@bennymoreira1443]

@@Itsme-um3vj I’m so sorry that you’re not able to go there… I’m hoping that in our lifetime places like Afghanistan and Syria (alleppo) and Yemen and Palestine will become accessible for travel without the imminent danger. Happy New Year to you too xx

[@Itsme-um3vj]

@@bennymoreira1443 I hope so too 💗🌹 But the problem is that our region may be accessible for foreigner tourists but it will be a hell for its people who want to come back because of the regimes and extremist groups and the foreigner world powers that are controlling there I really wish that the region will finally come in peace and all of its people will be able to go back to it ☮️

[@Stoneworks]

Good content, I love these ancient chroniclings of powers I've never considered before!

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks, glad you enjoyed this! More of such cities on the way, stay tuned!

[@Citadel_local]

As an Aleppine myself I think it's very fascinating to know about our trading past, especially since the stereotype of the rich Aleppine still proliferates in Syria.

[@Artur_M.]

Fascinating video. It's crazy to think about a modern city with a history that makes Rome look like an upstart youngster. I didn't realize that Aleppo is less researched by the archeologists than the other important ancient sites in the region on account of being continuously inhabited. I guess that the recent tragic devastation of the Civil War doesn't help in that matter either. Maybe in time we will find ways to discover whatever is still hidden under the city?

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks! Yes, the current state of the city is sad. Interestingly, I think as they start rebuilding and digging to build new foundations for modern structures, they might stumble upon some interesting finds, though I don't know if they'll take time to really excavate anything. There are so many layers to that place that the really old stuff will probably continue to remain hidden. Thanks again for watching, another related one on the way, stay tuned!

[@joeshmoe8345]

حلب الجميل! فيديو ممتاز!

[@HistorywithCy]

!شُكْراً كْتير

[@BrandonStewartCS]

History with Cy is great. All my homies love History with Cy.

[@kckc4955]

I was watching your history of Hittites last night and you mentioned Aleppo. It caught my ear as I didn’t know the name was so old for the city and I wondered about the history of the city. Then I wake up to this, it’s weird Cy- thank you for another excellent video!

[@ashraftarabishi831]

No Bronze age kingdom city has survived until today like Aleppo did and yet it was key player in the middle ages to repel the crusaders and key player today to change the tide of history. You will see soon what i mean. What started in Aleppo 2016 will drastically change the world we are living in. Many thanks for your interest in my beloved city.

[@kckc4955]

@@ashraftarabishi831 much love to you and yours - I would love to visit your city and wish you all the very best. Keep safe💚

[@ashraftarabishi831]

@@kckc4955 many thanks my kind friend. I live in UK. You?

[@kckc4955]

@@ashraftarabishi831 in arizona US - wishing I were closer to historic sites. Someday I will travel 😊😊

[@Johannes...]

Aleppo is the italianized name of Halab.

[@dangale5750]

Thanks for the video. Aleppo (Yamhad) was one of those places in Mesopotamia that I didn’t know about. In some textbooks, it gets a brief mention or simply a reference on a few maps.

[@HistorywithCy]

My pleasure, glad you liked it! More on the way, stay tuned!

[@nimmira]

the statue of the musician in particular got my attention. Aleppo is known in modern times for its "musical heritage" and for producing fine music, and even probably being the source for the Andalusian Muwashshahs, via what is known as Qudood (or Qudood Halabiyya قدود حلبية); An art form that was revived by the Aleppoese tenor Sabah Fakhri صباح فخري who just passed away back in November this year. For the record as well, Sabah Fakhri has a world record for continuous singing recorded in Guinness Book of 1963 when, in Caracas, Venezuela, sang continuously for 10 hours (and some say 14). From what I gather about the culture of Aleppo and its musical heritage, it seems music in particular has a strong element in that place specifically. As if it is something not only for entertainment but a pillar of culture that if you take it out of Aleppo, Aleppo is no more.

[@HistorywithCy]

Oh very interesting, I didn't know this. It makes sense though as so many people and cultures have passed through the city over the ages that it would be a sponge for such musical influences, eventually making the local compositions unique. Thanks for sharing, really cool stuff!

[@nimmira]

@@HistorywithCy and thanks to you! Keep it coming!

[@Itsme-um3vj]

That's right Unfortunately Aleppo gets less highlights often and used to be underrated Love 💗

[@ncd3165]

Thank you! I enjoy your scholarship. These were the days...

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks, glad you enjoyed this! Lots more on the way, stay tuned and safe!

[@Mathotato]

You never disappoint! Every video you put out is so well researched and interesting. I especially love learning about these lesser known states lol

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks so much, glad you enjoyed this! More on the way, stay tuned!

[@Itsme-um3vj]

First of all thanks for your efforts in doing the video I'd like to tell you that Hadad temple which located in Aleppo castle has survived the war Amazing how Halab (Aleppo) was always known as trading centre Untill now aleppians are known in Syria mainland as reach people and to have economy control in the region I hope to see Aleppo rising again ❤️🌹 Merry Christmas and happy New year for all 💐🎄🎊🎆

[@roykay4709]

Always wonderful to hear of the (relatively) minor empires - and note the extensive treasures of texts from these lands.

[@allonzehe9135]

I love zooming in to the history of one city! Cyrene next?

[@HistorywithCy]

Cyrene would be a fun one to do. I had touched up on it a bit in the video on Greek colonies, but maybe one day I'll also do a separate episode on it. Thanks for watching, appreciate it!

[@QalOrt]

Oooh an unexpected Christmas gift from Cy!

[@talentless2048]

I really enjoyed this video of my city Aleppo 🇸🇾🇸🇾

[@HistorywithCy]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@mohammadhassan5461]

What do you mean occupied ​@@HistorywithCy

[@HistorywithCy]

@@mohammadhassan5461 Hi! In this case "occupied" means inhabited or living there "...world's most continuously occupied cities" means that people have been living there/inhabiting Aleppo for a long time. Hope this helps and any other questions please let me know!

[@mohammadhassan5461]

@@HistorywithCy oh thanks I thought you say syria occupied aleppo and it's not syrian

[@iadnaji8536]

I think the city of Palmyra would make a great video with very touching and Visual History with thousands of statues all over the world's museums also came to a tragic end thank you much for uploading that's great

[@abeschreier]

Was always curious about Yamhad, cool name and interesting location. Thanks Cy!

[@HistorywithCy]

My pleasure, thanks for watching, appreciate it!

[@Angayasse]

Nobody around me understand this but I get soooooo excited when Cy uploads a video! This is a true treat every single time. Thank you for the great evening again:)

[@volodymyrcuza9994]

Thanks a lot for the great video! I adore history of the "Fertile Crescent"!

[@HistorywithCy]

You're welcome and Happy New Year!

[@MarcusAgrippa390]

A sacrificial comment for the all powerful Algorithm in his ziggurat! May his blessings fall upon Cy and grant fortune and favor! And all that stuff...

[@BonesyTucson]

Thanks again for what I'm sure will be another excellent episode!

[@LuisAldamiz]

Great video, Cy, as usual but worth applauding anyhow. 👍

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks my friend, really happy that you continue to watch these, motivates me to put out more! Another related video coming out soon, stay tuned and safe!

[@aliceinaddiction]

Yarim-Lim- giving new (or old, as it were) meaning to the phrase "You The Man!".

[@sigmalife9625]

awesome.been keeping an eye for something educational ( rather spend time in chat,fb,etc.. 🙂) and inspirational to learn more about human history

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks my friend, glad you enjoyed this...Happy New Year!

[@ashraftarabishi831]

Cy, i can not say thank you enough for your amazing work on the history of my beloved city Aleppo.❤️🌷

[@APinchOfHistory]

Great job, Cy! As I also create videos, I know how much work has to go into research and making these videos.

[@HistorywithCy]

Thank you, I'll check them out!

[@hmsdemolition8588]

Hi Cy, again a good informative video , I thank you , for knowledge is power.

[@HistorywithCy]

My pleasure, glad you enjoyed this! More on the way in a couple of hours, stay tuned and safe!

[@robbabcock_]

Thanks for another great video, Cy!⚔💪👍

[@HistorywithCy]

My pleasure, thank you and Happy New Year!

[@ajithsidhu7183]

More bronze age please

[@HistorywithCy]

For sure, lots more in 2022!

[@pollos9238]

It’s great to wake up and know that whatever Cy makes, it’s gonna be great.

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks, glad you started the say with some history! More on the way, stay tuned and safe!

[@GLeibniz1716]

Excellent cy these cities played a major role in bronze age trade and culture; glad you're giving them their due- stay safe!

[@HistorywithCy]

My pleasure, have a few more I'm thinking about doing from the region - Qatna, Alalakh - maybe sometime in 2022. Thanks for watching, appreciate it!

[@PoliticalFuturism]

Awesome video Cy!

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks man, Happy New Year!

[@susanwashburn1702]

Excellent, thanks!!

[@anitapollard1627]

Yay!!! A new one from History with Cy!!

[@HistorywithCy]

Enjoy and Happy New Year!

[@AIRRAID2]

First time caller long time listener , Thanks Cy and to all a happy new year from southern Sweden .

[@WanaxTV]

Great video Cy, as always! Voted for Aleppo btw!

[@HistorywithCy]

Haha nice! Hope you voted for Kish (I'm pretty sure you voted for Thebes) since so far it looks like that'll be the next one. Thanks for watching buddy, appreciate it!

[@Bulgarian021]

A Cool one, yet again! Good job, Cy.

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks my friend and Happy New Year! Glad you enjoyed this! Looks like the next ancient city will be Kish as it's in the lead in the poll! Hope that your 2022 has started off well and speak soon!

[@shanecarubbi7864]

Wonderful video Cy! Thank you and happy New years!!! I hope for many blessings be upon you🙂 and I look forward to more of the great educational content you create! ✋ Thanks again.

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks, Happy New Year to you and yours as well! Thanks for all the support, appreciate it!

[@donnhall9800]

Nicely done.

[@HistorywithCy]

Thank you!

[@LuisAldamiz]

7:06 - I had to come back because that quote has been bugging me a lot since I learned it yesterday here. It's a fascinating ancient exposition of the power of alliance or political influence above whatever might each individual polity may have. It even applies to present day to some extent. Also in the Hittite invasion part I could not help but see Mursili as Erdogan invading Syria, although obviously Erdogan is much weaker, the parallel can't be denied.

[@henkstersmacro-world]

👍👍👍Happy New Year everyone!!

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks buddy, you too! All the best for 2022!

[@Danetto]

great more from that region pls

[@HistorywithCy]

For sure, thanks for watching, appreciate it!

[@raminsadeghi7358]

Excellent as usual. Can you do an episode on susa? Happy new year

[@HistorywithCy]

Would love to! This video was actually chosen by the patrons and I had listed Susa there as well, but it didn't win this time. But I definitely want to do more on Elam in 2022. Thanks for watching, appreciate it and Happy New Year!

[@nole8923]

It is interesting that these first cities like Aleppo sprung up so far away from the coast and any major river. You would figure the first cities would spring up from the coast or an important river.

[@drdeesnutts48]

I while back I was wondering what the oldest currently occupied cities that are still occupied and the best I could come up with was Aleppo but that depends on what you count as a city, depending on that criteria. It's mind boggling just how long this city has been around, it was already ancient by the founding of Rome.

[@50PullUps]

Could you cover the topic of the ancient Greek philosopher Bophides?

[@GandarDooM]

love your immersion and enthusiasm, keep up the good work is there a chance to address the topic: separation of the proto-Persian tradition of worshiping Ahuras, Mithra and King Jamshid from the proto-Vedic tradition of worshiping Devas and Mithra -Varuna (Dr Jason Jorjani and Dr M L Raja have several statements on this topic, but no one deals with it in more detail)

[@HistorywithCy]

Hi, thanks for watching, appreciate it! That's an interesting topic... I've studied some Avesta and read studies comparing the vocabulary and yashts to the Vedas (I don't know Sanskrit though) so maybe one day. It is an interesting topic, maybe one day I'll dive into it. Thanks for the suggestion!

[@vazak11]

Cool

[@medievalcombatmiami4341]

Love the channel, but youtube puts an AD in every 90 seconds when I use the app...but only 1 when I use the browser.

[@tawan20082008]

thanks! Hey Cy, the Persia exhibition at getty starts in just over 3 months. If you go, I might see you there!

[@HistorywithCy]

Yeah, in April, looking forward to it!

[@kaarlimakela3413]

Having a city in the middle of crucial trade routes, has to be both a blessing and a curse.

[@krushchilde]

Peace and solidarity to the people of Syria. Syrian Freedom Forever

[@carramrod95]

Cy, have you come across information on the place referred to as "Tartaria" during your studies?

[@Poetessa2]

Hi there, I was just doing some research on Aram, was that not considered Aleppo at one time in the past? Any information about Aram or the people, the Arameans (Sp?) would be greatly appreciated. I can't seem to find much. Thank you kindly my friend

[@aysseralwan]

The Hittie script looks very similar to draconic from The Elder Scrolls

[@yaruqadishi8326]

First and thank you for doing my people. Shalam Salamu Khadish.

[@HistorywithCy]

My pleasure, thanks for watching!

[@Wayfaringwolf]

Woohoo!

[@josephphoenix1376]

What?? No invasion by New Kingdoms Egypt? No news of Thutmose the 3rds intervention?🤔

[@user-bh8jy4sn2t]

Этот кувшин и его роспись один в один как на русском севере .Я такие видела ещё на Кипре .

[@canfratacsu8359]

Is there a more detailed video explaining the Alalakh kingdom?p

[@ThePoliticrat]

Cue Gary Johnson jokes

[@drusik]

Well, the city is barely inhabited now.. (Only since like 2 years ago did Russia and joint Russian-Turkish Humanitarian Corridors start bringing people back rather than out). I bet a KZbin channel of something along the lines of "Extreme archeology", being conducted with artillery strikes in the background, would gain quite the popularity.. All jokes aside though, great content as always, and as a person with passion for history, pains me to even think about what ancient artifacts may have been lost..

[@ancienthistorygaming]

Aleppo and Damascus is among the oldest still in use cities in the world.

[@HistorywithCy]

Yup, that they are... along with Jericho and Byblos. Of all of them, Byblos has the oldest coins, I think dating from Achaemenid times. Thanks for watching, researching for a vid on coins for later this year!

[@TheYoda23]

80 TH LIKE I LIKE :3

[@sarahrosen4985]

138 myself

[@HistorywithCy]

Thanks master Yoda, appreciate it!

[@amnoumn847]

It is the oldest according to unescow city in the world 12700 years bc Yamhad amorite civilization and king hadad

[@KaiSan3]

Just out of curiosity; is there any relation between the "(pi-)el" in those names to the name of the future canaanite god El? 🤔

[@ricardomobile8479]

Do one talking about Lisbon

[@yargundev9772]

The thing is, the Bronze age has never ended in Aleppo.

[@FutureBoyWonder]

Where do we get the information on the linguistics? Like how certain are e that we are pronouncing their names correctly? I get that nothing is perfect but are you confident when pronouncing names?

[@HistorywithCy]

That's a great question. Akkadian is in the same language family as Aramaic, Hebrew and Arabic (languages that are very well understood), and so it's relatively easy for linguists in the filed to reconstruct it, including the sounds. I'm not saying that my pronunciation is perfect, but linguistics themselves basically know what it would have sounded like. Thanks for watching, appreciate it!

[@FutureBoyWonder]

@@HistorywithCy cool stuff how these languages can hold onto tangible relationships for so long. Just amazing I enjoy your content it isn't inundated with unnecessary bells and whistles just straight facts

[@99999Seb99999]

Watching this video, I can’t help but think about the prevalence of thunder/lightning/weather gods in the indo-European, pagan world. I could induce that it originated with the Aryans in the Indus Valley and that the weather god was an obvious top dog as both agricultural and pastoral (particularly tengrism in the steppe) civilizations tended to rely heavily on the weather for their prosperity, especially when irrigation and water storage was not very advanced. I tried digging for specifics online but it seems like it’s a question that has not been asked much before. I was wondering, with your knowledge of ancient texts (despite tending to focus more on historical rather than theological aspects of really ancient societies), whether you may have a more refined understanding than my assumptive answers. P.S. only semi-decent answer I found was on quora and it pitted civilization, water, rain, and man against nature, fire, sun and beast against each other but that seems far too simplistic to me.

[@99999Seb99999]

Also, I love your content! I have been subscribed since you had

[@LuisAldamiz]

Hmmm. As far as I can tell wheather god is way too generic but in Indoeuropean mythology it usually refers to the god of thunder, typically the chief god (Zeus, Jupiter, Odin, Indra, etc., can't recall the Hittite name but it was also a thunder god). Sometimes there's an overlapping anyhow: Thor gets some thunder god role and Odin gets some less, in Celtic mythology Teutates is the thunder god and also secondary to the patriarch god of the cauldron (can't recall his name right now). In other religions it may be somewhat different anyhow.

[@alissa6]

Fun fact: Ebla is the first recorded empire.

[@willgriff]

I don't know if u r fulltime KZbin yet, but keep it up. Don't feel bad for clickbait titles as long as the info is as true as u keep it now, don't sacrifice truthful education for money, but never feel bad about anything & I mean anything to educate the masses. I know I can by nas would be my example, for good & bad. He took a melody familiar worldwide, fur Elise, then packed it w/ self empowerments rap, where he hurt those he claimed to be helping was passing along mythical downtrodden explanation. Knowledge is power, never a historical woe is me....... Just breathing is a gift, any one in media passing along thoughts& feelings different to that is lying. They teach individualism in our schools, jobs, american dream is built on idea that 1 can be born nothing in big picture but can die immortal, pictures next to greatness in history. His. Story. I said all that to say the pyramids weren't built w/ piss& vinegar.......meaning, it takes a team to move a stone, it takes coordination only maintained by hope of success, whatever the goal. Negative teammates lower the likelihood of success, u know, we all know that universal truth. See how clear it is when u back up & look?

[@ajithsidhu7183]

Sintasha culture please

[@HistorywithCy]

One day...

[@madderhat5852]

Some things never change. My thoughts to those suffering and hope all will be peaceful soon.

[@54032Zepol]

Next talk about beer and how important it was in ancient mesopotamia and the ages of antiquity

[@TheMelorino]

What's Aleppo?

[@sizanogreen9900]

9:18 guess he was punished then.

[@coreyleavell6921]

What's a leppo?

[@stevenv6463]

But what IS Aleppo?

[@4libruhty]

somewhere...a confused Gary Johnson is taking notes

[@thisguy5283]

Can the Louvre steal, I mean store a current peoples stuff? Obviously King Tut and and others clearly hid their stuff to ensure it would be stored and secured by a bunch of Malakas

[@johndurham6172]

It's disgusting how the west stood by and allowed this great city reduced to rubble by Russian jets.

[@mr.goldenglasses6839]

What is Aleppo

[@yaruqadishi8326]

Ebla in Syria Canaan or Levant.

[@theredbar-cross8515]

Hi Gary

[@gorelord88]

I knew in my heart this was somewhere in the comments

[@yaruqadishi8326]

@@gorelord88 It's Aleppo today but ebla back then.

[@Itsme-um3vj]

A city in Syria

[@westcarter3862]

..There also wasn't any Sure Vare Lack'.. By The Way'.. For There were many many many Yak Back in The Day' 👉🐂🐃🐂🐃🙀🐃🐂🐃🐂👈

[@TheLionFarm]

6:35 Ebla owned the Zagros mountains

[@ashraftarabishi831]

Elamites in today Iran not Ebla. Mari was on route from that area to Aleppo.

[@HistorywithCy]

Hi. Not sure what this is referring to, but in the video at that point it's clearly stated "In return, Zimri-Lim supplied Yamhad with much needed tin that was exported from the Zagros mountains, which in those days was controlled by the Elamites." Thanks!

[@Roust7]

Funny Halab historical name of the city Allepo. Halab means tin.

[@HistorywithCy]

That's interesting... it seems that tin as well as other products passed through the city on their way to other destinations. Thanks for watching, appreciate it, stay safe!

[@mver191]

Sin was Abraham's god.

[@alissa6]

Elah/Alah/ Ilah was(the pronounciations in ancient Levantine, Arabian and Mesopotamian). Hence why his son was named Isma-El and his grandson Isra-El. Also the names like Gabri-El, Mika-El, Rafa-El, Azra-El, Razi-El, Abda-El, Samu-El, Ezeki-El....

[@mver191]

@@alissa6 Yes that was Abrahams new god. But both Ur and Harran were Sin worship centers. It's actually very evident from the names in the family : "Kidner, Genesis, p. 111. Sarai (Sarah) is the equivalent of sarratu, "queen," an Akkadian translation of a Sumerian name for Ningal, the female partner of the moon-god Sin. Milcah is the same as the name of the goddess Malkatu, the daughter of Sin. Laban means "white," or "white one," a poetic name for the full moon. (Hamilton, Genesis 1:363.)" But also some titles given to him in Genesis : "During the period (c. 2600-2400 BC) that Ur exercised a large measure of supremacy over the Euphrates valley, Sin was naturally regarded as the head of the pantheon. It is to this period that we must trace such designations of Sin as "father of the gods, "chief of the gods", "creator of all things", and the like." And the places where Abraham went and lived : "The two chief seats of worship (of Sin) were Ur in the south of Mesopotamia and Harran in the north." It all seems to me that Abraham was very likely a Sin priest set out to start a Mesopotamian colony or temple in the Levant that converted to the Canaanite god El when there. And that is why he and his wife changed their names. He likely was converted by Melchizedek. Because how can there already be a priest of (Abraham's) God when he just arrived in Canaan? "And Melchizedek king of Salem brought out bread and wine: and he was [is] the priest of the most high God (El-Elyon). And he blessed him, and said, 'Blessed be Abram to the most high God, possessor of heaven and earth, And blessed be the most high God, which hath delivered thine enemies into thy hand'. And he gave him tithe from all. - Genesis 14:18-20" Why would Abraham be travelling with an army strong enough to defeat multiple armies? Where did he get the resources from? I think it was a planned expedition to extend Mesopotamian/Sin influence to the Levant so they controlled the whole of the fertile crescent. But it kinda failed because of the famine in the land so they had to travel further to Egypt where these initial plans were abandoned. And with the whole group converting to the Canaanite El, the link to the "motherland" was completely cut off.

[@darktyrannosaurus22]

So, was Yahweh originally a god of Edom? Is there a connection between Yahweh and the Egyptian moon god Yah?

[@alissa6]

@@mver191 You said Sin was Abraham's God, well as I obviously proved to you that's not the case. According to the Quran(a book that's never been altered, from God's mouth to your ear basically) it states that his people worshipped the sun(Utu/Shamash), moon(Nannar/Sin) and stars(Inanna/Ishtar), Prophet Abraham refused to worship the pagan deities of wood and rock idols of his father. So he always had a disbelief in them since he was a boy and he was rightfully guided.

[@mver191]

@@alissa6 The Quran has Been altered quite a few times. Even today Northern Africa has a slightly different Quran than the Middle East. As for the stories in the Quran, there are cases Muhammad got stories revealed that are invented by Christians and Jews. Like the story of Jesus and the clay birds (the youth gospel of Thomas, a childrens book), and Solomon's ring and flying carpet which were stories Jews would tell their children. And loads of other stories only found in the Talmud, but not the Torah. So the Quran has little legitimacy. But it has some interesting points.

[@alexhatfield4448]

"what is Aleppo" in ruins presidential campaign.

[@faithbishop1444]

What's up with defacing the nose and lips of statues?🤷🙄🙄

[@WoodsLesnik]

Stone corrodes over thousands of years it's a miracle a lot of piece still survive for so long

[@HarryTzianakisTheGodOfSpeed]

All history is Greek.

[@mohammadkhairalhusni8025]

Well the origin of Crete history is from Aleppo also the Olympics but then Aleppo itself was Greek named as Beroea.

[@mohammadkhairalhusni8025]

ya Greek history is very great

[@Deeplycloseted435]

Seems like a lot of jockeying for money and power. Basically the same shit as today.

[@russianbot8423]

So you are just gonna ignore Josephus when he recounted the conquest of King Saul against the Amorites?? I think I'll unsubscribe as you seem to have a bias against historical documents from only Jewish sources.

[@DarthMalaks_Missing_Lower_Jaw]

I’m sure you’ll be missed so much … you come off like a toddler throwing a temper tantrum. “Waaaaah! You’re not doing something the exact way I want! Waaaah!”

[@alissa6]

Because it's most likely false history. Like the Jewish claim Palestine was called Israil and not Palestine, yet there are no ancient references from other civilizations calling it Israil, but they all called it Palestine(Peleset in Egyptian, Philistin in Aramean, Palastu in Assyrian, Palaistin in Greek, Palaestina in Latin, Philastin in Arabian).

[@russianbot8423]

@@alissa6 You should do more research. Judea* is mentioned by name in several surrounding cultures documents including Egypt. You deniers are more biased than Jews ever were.

[@russianbot8423]

@@DarthMalaks_Missing_Lower_Jaw gfy

[@RoganGunn]

​@@alissa6 Israel was one of two Hebrew kingdoms in the Levant. One was Judah, in the south, with its capital at Jerusalem. The other was Israel, with its capital at Samaria, in the North. Israel was destroyed by the Neo-Assyrians in the 8th Century BC. It is well-attested in inscriptions from the time*, and even mentioned by the Egyptians in the Bronze age. It definitely did exist, but was a Kingdom with a beginning and end, and borders, and wasn't a term for the entirety of the region in the same way Palestine was, in say, the late 19th century.. Philistia was also a defined kingdom, West of Judah. that was contemporary to Israel and Judah (though Judah survived far longer than the Northern Kingdom of Israel) and I don't think it was a generic term for the region, though I have no evidence either way. If you have some I'd be glad to see it. 👍 As for Saul's conquest of the Amorites... didn't happen. The Bible mentions his conquest of the _Ammonites,_ from the Kingdom of Ammon. A King called Saul probably existed but the biblical account of his deeds cannot be attested to by archaeology, so I am sceptical as to the historicity of accounts of his life. *books.google.co.uk/books?id=xKf2CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA72&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false