The Oceans of Pluto

[@HansenLaMoose]

always a good day when John posts!

[@mr.fallen1486]

Honestly

[@youwillownnothingandbehapp2678]

The oceans on Pluto have now been demoted to lakes.

[@TreiPani]

Gem

[@pluto9000]

Dwarf Oceans

[@infinidominion]

Glacial Deposits

[@thelastroman7791]

This may seem random, but when I was in Boot Camp back in 2015, I mentioned this subject. I remember asking my DI if any photos of Pluto had been released from the New Horizons mission that was then passing Pluto. He was baffled by my request, but nevertheless showed me some the photos that had just come out on his phone (he was a good guy). My first ever look at the planet Pluto.

[@50PullUps]

DI?

[@tncorgi92]

@@50PullUps Drill Instructor

[@thelastroman7791]

@@50PullUps I should have said SDI because I remember asking my Senior Drill Instructor.

[@johannageisel5390]

If Pluto has microorganisms, it could have oil. So the US army might go bring some "democracy" to it soon and you can visit it.

[@paulmartin7332]

Wow that's awesome you are a good friend to me

[@jeffreystewart9809]

That moment when you realize that, to any life from Pluto, we are essentially lava monsters...

[@trevorrentfro1825]

But they would aslo be water based so not really

[@pluto9000]

He is referring to the temperature differences

[@SwrveYT]

These consistent uploads get me through the months. Thank you John!

[@deadseriousforsure6242]

Nothing better than waking up early in the morning and finding a fresh new JMG episode.

[@tayzonday]

Could a rover powered by a radioisotope thermoelectric generator survive on Pluto?

[@JohnMichaelGodier]

Should be able to Tay. Pluto is cold as hell, but RTG's were used for more distant probes like Voyager 2. So in principle, RTG's would work on Pluto and provide energy, but it's up to the engineers to figure out how and how long we'd have power.

[@NorCalGhost07]

This is a conversation that I feel I would have in my wildest dreams. Tay Zonday and JMG. KZbin is the final frontier for possibilities. I love both of you so much.

[@tayzonday]

@@JohnMichaelGodier I’m surprised we’re not sending RTG-powered orbiter-rover combos more places. It seems like fairly economical science at-scale (maybe $2 billion per mission) and it just makes sense to acquire more cold object data.

[@morganfreeman4961]

This man gets up before 5 am im amazed

[@Emdee5632]

The only problem might be how to prevent sinking away through the ice :-)

[@Deeveeaar]

My mind is blown over the second biogenesis scenario! What a incredible thing to think about, so are ice planets gull of fossils! 10/10 video!

[@ComradeArthur]

Red giants don't last a long time - the 2nd abiogenesis would have to be quick!

[@Rishi123456789]

The multiple biogenesis theory has been around for a long time. Personally, I believe Earth itself has experienced more than one biogenesis.

[@ceaser273]

If I had to bet all my money on which one was “THE GREAT FILTER” I would honestly go all in on this one. The great filter has to be the jump from single cell life to complex cell life. It just has to be!!!

[@dforrest3122]

Nick Lane would agree with you, so your in good company.

[@TheSaferHouse]

Loving how much you've been uploading lately! Keep up the great work John!

[@aemrt5745]

Fascinating insight into ice worlds. Had not thought of the potential ecosystems as being transient.

[@planetluzzo1971]

I sure wish we as a species could all work together and spend our efforts on exploring instead of fighting each other

[@rogerwilco1777]

..people moaned about james webb costing over 10billion (over 25yrs).. saying "that money would be better off spent down here".. not realizing that wouldn't even cover a month on the 'war on terror'.. We should be launching the 100th James Webb and spying on multiple alien worlds by now!.. who knows?, they might even have some 'space oil' that we need to 'liberate' them from??

[@rogerwilco1777]

..people moaned about james webb costing over 10billion (over 25yrs).. saying "that money would be better off spent down here".. not realizing that wouldn't even cover a month on the 'war on terror'.. We should be launching the 100th James Webb and spying on multiple alien worlds by now!

[@planetluzzo1971]

@@rogerwilco1777 couldn't agree more!!!

[@willbilly8738]

We will never work together and I’ll fight you on that 😆

[@stevensmith797]

maybe , but remember that fight spawns inovation and technology , the contest matters

[@Gravel1331]

Years and years ago, when I was a young boy (I'm 53 now) I read a sci-fi story (and sorry if I'm vague on details, it was a loooong time ago) about a boy that won some sort of science prize when he hypothesized that life on Pluto could be electrical in nature. As in the cellular organisms had basically evolved to be naturally super-conducting, and when one organism split into two a bit of that charge would go to the new organism to "jump start" it. It was a pretty good read for a 9-10 year old. (Edit: I don't think this was Larry Niven's short story, Wait It Out. However, I will try to read it and see.)

[@cigaweed88]

Keep us posted! 👍

[@blueredbrick]

I had a dream about ice and superconductivity; it formed the basis of a vast Finnish network of transport channels carrying pods for humana. One would sail in it but it felt like a bobsled.

[@Emdee5632]

Science fiction writer Stephen Baxter wrote several short stories about life in and on the planets and moons of our solar system. Even on Pluto. Life just finds a way, even if humans barely recognize it as life.

[@SboochieNoochies]

A second bio genesis?! Wow! What an amazing thing to consider. It really goes to show that there are probably tons of scenarios we just havent considered yet.

[@plozar]

or maybe not. We can't produce life in a lab from non-living chemicals, just some organic molecules that do not live

[@connorkillmice]

you’ve fallen into event horizon ;)

[@ytcensorhack1876]

U should read steve baxter's novel titan, he looks at this very scenario

[@lisbon1492]

In all seriousness, great video. It's very interesting to think about how and why intelligent life evolves in certain environments.

[@asdf123311]

Imagine an underwater civilisation that finally developed the technology to break through the cold sky of ice at the edge of their world. What a mind blower for them.

[@captainahab5522]

They would arrive on the surface which is cold and has no atmosphere If they had eyes they would see the universe for the very first time This reminds me of the thought experiment about the cave and people watching shadows on the wall

[@skyesworld6160]

The question always comes down to how important is fire for evolution of technology. Its a must till we find its not

[@martinm.1967]

Reminds me of the Xindi Aquatics in Enterprise. kzbin.info/www/bejne/nHXWgItjqceDf68 kzbin.info/www/bejne/oXazY4ypgMlpZ5Y

[@shanavalkyria3438]

Sadly they likely would actually see little of it i think as they would likely be blind or near blind. Being under that much ice light is likely rare. they might have other sences that could let them interpret it though. But yes their minds would be blown lol

[@bipolarminddroppings]

they would likely have some idea what to expect if they had the technology and science to do it in the first place but yeah what a revelation it would be.

[@DaystromDataConcepts]

To quote a famous Vulcan scientist: Fascinating.

[@roadkillanonymous4807]

The thought of a long dead world getting thawed out a billion years later by an expanding host star is tantalizing indeed. The thought of a perfectly preserved frozen dead ecosystem hurtling through the void forever intact and forever unobserved is kind of unnerving and existentially dreadful

[@al4nmcintyre]

Maybe some civilization will make it their mission to go around and rescue life in ice shell worlds before they freeze solid, or finding and resurrecting frozen ecosystems.

[@Laura-S196]

Very interesting! Thank you John.

[@DennisOnTheMoon]

Came here for information on Pluto and it's oceans, stayed for lesson in biologi. Keep up the good videos JMG

[@twentylush]

the timing is impreccable. this is exactly what i wanted to watch

[@carbsncaffeine9254]

It's such a treat when there's a new upload

[@nitromarc]

Thank you, John Love your content ✌

[@geemanbmw]

roll them out john we love your content and we love you!... and Anna!

[@baahcusegamer4530]

Need to sleep early. JMG is there for me! Thanks man. (And really, I plan to listen to this again the morning because it is my favorite planet after all)

[@alanheadrick7997]

You nailed this one. Hope they get JWST going so you have more material!!! Going to be some awesome stuff the next couple of years.

[@pluto9000]

Fast forward to 2024 and yes it was.

[@agator2660]

Never got tired of the Stellardrone background but your new music style is exceptionally relaxing.

[@greenbucky]

I cannot believe I’ve only just found your channel. I have not stopped watching. I really hope you continue making videos for as long as you can! Thank you.

[@lisbon1492]

13:32 I could see a scenario where a squid-like creature was preparing to move on land, but another squid-like creature shouted, "It's a trap."

[@777jakman]

Thank you I've watched everyone in your videos and I love every single one of them. Put the smile to my face

[@redterrorproductions1373]

I am happy that you upload more frequently.

[@kaos7181]

Extremely interesting Mr G... Keep up the good work sir! I love it

[@discodecepticon]

"...universe in which we liiiiiive" LOL I love your style man. Keep it up.

[@benmcreynolds8581]

I am so facinated with the complexity and diversity of Pluto's geology and signs of active geological activity. It's amazing. I'm essentially facinated with every location in our solar system (except for Mars- Mars is bland and boring and we should invest in science in other areas of the solar system but I guess a bunch of people like Mars, so to each their own.) I think we should make Refuelling stations on the moon, a new type of international space station on the moon. Where we can practice building things in space, mining things, refilling rockets so they can regain their propellant that they usually use up most of just escaping Earth's Gravity. So if we can land and refuel and launch off of a place with way less gravity and atmospheric resistance then space missions could greatly improve.

[@robertschlesinger1342]

Very interesting, informative and worthwhile video. Many thanks for the links to the paper.

[@morcheba2184]

The last 20 minutes of my 52nd BD and couldn't think of a better way to round out the day ...cheers

[@stricknine6130]

More JMG is always awesome! Thanks for the video, Jhon. :)

[@RllXeron]

As always, thank You John that You exist.

[@mr.fallen1486]

This helps me sleep, and it's pasted late night in my timezone too!

[@avonacolyte]

The dreamy hint of Stellardrone in the outro was mwah (chef's kiss), parfait. Fits the more relaxed vibe, the less grandiose presentation of this channel, vis-a-vis Event Horizon, while accentuating their essential similarity. 10/10

[@JohnMichaelGodier]

Thanks, you get it precisely :)

[@Bibrius]

Great episode as usual.

[@jonreiser2206]

More frequent posts from John means, for me, more opportunities to fall asleep listening to his voice. It works best with videos I first watched while awake which is normally the case because why wouldn’t you just always click on one of his videos at the first opportunity. I mean duh, right?

[@1024det]

I love Johns observations, and projections.

[@trentlastname7902]

What a great video. Very complex.

[@zoranocokoljic8927]

A nerd in me has to notice: all sciences that applied to Earth have Geo in their names - geology, geography etc - when applied to other planets have planet's name as a part of their names. Only thing is, instead of Latin names of the deities by which the planets are named their Greek counterpart is used. So on Pluto you don't have Geography and Geology, you have Hadography and Hadology. (Greek Hades = Latin Pluto). Also, the name of Pluto's moon is not Sharon, it's Haron (pron. Kharon) - the boatsman who took the souls of dead over river Styx into underworld.

[@Emdee5632]

The name of Pluto's main moon is written Charon. I guess it depends on your native language how you pronounce it. ''Sharon'' however is indeed wrong I think, in any language.

[@levelup1279]

This is epic

[@ucantSQ]

I love this. Aphrology, Hermagraphy, Areology, Zeusography... well, maybe not that last one. That gets complicated for moons and such, but it is apropos.

[@lsporter88]

Fascinating. Superb video.

[@dudeperson3]

I love the significant uptick in videos. I watch them all, no matter my interest in the topic.

[@andre23833]

I got about 3 minutes in and then I felt guilty that I wasn’t paying for your content. Honestly you could sell these videos to a streaming service as mini documentaries they are just amazing. Thanks so much for your channel and videos

[@maracachucho8701]

The thing that makes me wonder the most is how space travel is much, _much_ easier to pull off on dwarf planets like these than bigger ones like ours. You can literary jump off into an escape trajectory on the ones that are small enough, so there very well could be space faring civilizations out there that are much less technologically advanced than our own.

[@gavingreensmith1110]

The chances of complex life on smaller planets is miniscule due to the fact the planet would offer little to no protection from solar radiation and gamma rays

[@bipolarminddroppings]

it might be easy to get into orbit but thats not the difficult part of space travel anyway. they would still need all the other technology we do if they wanted to go anywhere other than orbiting their tiny little world...

[@2Infinit2]

Dude your videos are fucking awesome. You need to do some full length documentaries. Keep it up

[@Weisior]

This time just single "i" added to "liiiive" could make it the perfect one!

[@Weisior]

Damn it was so close!

[@thomasdavison7184]

I love this channel. Just found it and all I watch is content of this nature...

[@jardel_lucca]

Time to prepare to sleep. Love this 😊

[@elijahcastillo7679]

Perfect! Another JMG video to drift off to!

[@BiggaTigga]

I was in 4th grade when Voyager 2 reached Neptune, and the images captivated me as well.

[@paulwalsh2344]

Because I was absolutely enthralled by Carl Sagan's Cosmos, I was captivated by Uranus and Neptune's flyby's. I remember having the clipped out article from the newspaper of the Uranus flyby and reading newspaper and radio stories about Neptune's.

[@switzerlandful]

I remember hearing when Voyager 1 exited the known solar system & entered intersteller space (Aug25 2012). Kind of cool to know a manmade object is still out there and will someday be lost in the depths of space.

[@switzerlandful]

Voyager 2 exited in 2018.

[@Eos_Galvus]

Oooh! Now the "Land life is grounds for more intelligent life" theory is fascinating! Though this makes me wish we sent a rover to land on Pluto to take core samples and things. It's a nice thought, but.

[@urphakeandgey6308]

Do keep in mind that when they were planning the New Horizons mission, they were more or less expecting a boring mass of rock and ice neglected by the rest of the solar system.

[@jimnelson9949]

I've previously heard the distinction as perhaps being technological, not intelligent. Octopi can't make fire, and I have a really hard time imagining how an intelligent ice shell ocean species would explore beyond the ice. And again, how do you forge strong tooling or generate mechanical power without fire?

[@paulwalsh2344]

@@jimnelson9949 Holy F I was going to say the exact same thing... lol

[@nightfury6836]

Brilliant work as usual John ;-)

[@swettyspaghtti]

Love this channel :)

[@lnchgj]

When I was 14, we were just launching Gemini Spacecraft. I forget who said it, “you can have intelligent life, but you can’t have intelligent technological life without fire”. And simple fire at that. Now, this could mean burning oxygen In a fuel rich atmosphere, as opposed to our norm. But you have to be able to melt metal and you can't burn anything under water. Yes, Neolithic is technology, and intelligent. But you’re not building radios and spacecraft with that.

[@paulwalsh2344]

@ Gary Lynch I was going to say the exact same thing... lol

[@theraven6836]

I just can’t imagine how life develops technology without fire, something that presumably cannot be tamed under water.

[@reinatycoon3644]

This was an amazing video John! So thought provoking and fascinating.

[@OrgusDin]

Loving the high frequency uploads, more quantity, all of the JMG quality and thought provoking as always.

[@carlosnevarez4003]

I'm 36 and remember, as a kid in 3rd or 4th grade being gifted a book about our solar system. I've must have read that book, hundreds of times. Fast forward to 2 years ago and I was going through the attic at my mom's house and happen to stumble upon a box that had that very book in it. She saved it. I know that book pushed me to be the nerd I am today 🤣☠️😂 Also, Pluto was still a planet in that book!

[@LAMPROS311]

Pluto will always be a planet in the hearts of humans who were born during the last decades of the 20th century.

[@BlaineyM15]

Keep up the great work John !

[@16xthedetail76]

John Michael godier? More like John Michael GOD TIER! Nice bud.

[@MCsCreations]

Now imagine going to another stellar system and discovering a planet full of dinosaur-like life. That would be a sweet spot to study! 😃 Another fantastic video, JMG!!! Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊

[@HB-mn8lh]

Not just Pluto, the existence of microbial life is possible elsewhere in Solar system, as far as it can survive in such conditions.

[@tncorgi92]

The Andromeda Strain.

[@lieutenantartus]

stopping by to say thank you for the vids, #sleepgang !

[@sutrasofdelight]

Wow great job. Best one yet.

[@kenlee5509]

There are more airplanes in the ocean than there are submarines in the sky.

[@michaelbeholder]

One of my favorite videos in a long time. Thank you! So exciting! Let’s hope we can find life in other planets soon 🪐

[@j.wildoutdoors8483]

Thank you

[@FunnCubes]

3:23 - 3:44 lucky that I have 3d glasses lying around 🤣

[@kevynwolf]

The perfect thing to see when I get off work

[@robbabcock_]

A fascinating notion! ☄🌌🔭🛰🚀

[@russelllong9924]

truly enjoyed

[@Ember_Lumen5]

JMG is like gasoline. Without new videos being dropped to fill my tank, I can’t go anywhere in life.

[@Kevin-et5zs]

Thank you for mentioning Eris, my favorite planet! All Hail Discordia!

[@Username-wm9vu]

I can never skip the last part ”in which we liiiiive”

[@tardiscommand1812]

This channel never lets me sleep!😂

[@stevoplex]

Go Pluto! Stay strong! Ignore the planetary chauvinists and elitists. You do you! You're always a planet in my heart and also , King of the Kuiper Belt.

[@bradedwards3438]

So the Great Filter is "do you make it past microbial life before freezing to death.

[@Ember_Lumen5]

JMG does it again 💪🙌

[@switzerlandful]

QUESTION: How much dangerous radiation danger is there on or around the more distant planets like Neptune or Pluto? I know, Pluto got reclassified but I still think of it as a planet. I ask because of how some think that Mars makes a good candidate for a human base (and for life) since it's in the habitable zone, has an almost identical axial tilt and has close to same length of day. But I've heard that the trip there might give you very high chances of cancer and/or effects of Alzheimer's from the radiation dosage in space.

[@thetayz72]

I believe a lot of the radiation risk is from interstellar particles, not just from our Sun, so any place in space without a protective magnetic field (like Earth's) will be bombarded with radiation. This is a problem on the surface of Mars, too, because Mars' core has cooled / died, which results in Mars having no magnetic field to shield you from the particles, even on its surface.

[@al4nmcintyre]

The nice thing about an ice shell world is you could probably pretty easily find a spot to "dig" out a shelter by just applying heat to melt the ice and let it boil away. Water ice is a great radiation shield, so once you're a few meters down it doesn't matter what the external radiation levels are.

[@switzerlandful]

Even here on Earth, we have Coronal Mass Ejections to worry about. We were just in grand solar minimum but now the Sun's activity is starting to increase again (some 11 year cycle?). Some people might want to learn how to live off the land incase the entire electrical world is fried.

[@gavingreensmith1110]

Travelling there won't be a problem, astronauts are warned of any solar storms and have plenty of warning to get to the safe areas of the ship. These are protected by the water surrounding the capsule designated as the safe area, so its a small chance of cancer. Mars on the other hand has no protection. So unless new suits are made to nullify this then it's a big risk. Habitations will have to be underground until either we establish a magnetic field around Mars and manage to produce an atmosphere for protection or come up with others to combat solar radiation and gamma rays.

[@Emdee5632]

It depends on a large scale how active their star is. Or if they live or not live in a region with lots of other active stars, or close to neutron stars or (super) novae, etc. If their world (a planet, a dwarf planet or likely a moon around a (dwarf) planet) has no metallic rotating core, they have no protective magnetic field around it. Maybe they can share the field or the larger planet their world is orbiting.. However too close, and that planetary magnetic field might be dangerous to them. Of course if the ice shell is thick enough, then a magnetic field isn't necessary at all. Maybe the core of their little icy world isn't big enough to create a magnetic field, but the neighbourhood of the much bigger planet they orbit DOES help to shape a magnetic field anyhow. Another possiblity is that a salty water ocean creates a magnetic field together with the small core and the much larger planet, like for example Ganymede. I think the only real problem an emerging primitive civilization might face is what happens if they break through the ice shell. Even if their home world has an outside atmosphere, it must be completely alien and hostile to them. They cannot swim anymore. Outside maybe feels like a vacuum. And it probably lacks the protection against radiation thet did enjoy below the ice shell.... etc. etc.

[@ClaytonBigsby01]

New horizons showed us some pretty wild artificial looking geological shapes on Pluto if you haven’t seen them. You can zoom in on random spots all around Pluto and see triangles , squares , hexagons you name it. I forget the region with the greatest concentration of them. But there are so many right angles and such it truly looks artificial 🧐

[@ClaytonBigsby01]

Come to think of it it may have been one of the other moons or astroids Rison Scatchard and I’m thinking of

[@urphakeandgey6308]

There are many natural explanations that could work, we have naturally occurring hexagonal rock on Earth, but it's cool nonetheless. Pluto proved itself to be a hidden gem either way.

[@JaKingScomez]

How does those fairy tale scientist elitist explain that

[@AlmostEthical]

Sputnik Planum's shapes are apparently due to convection of heated nitrogen ice beneath the surface, but scientists are seeking more information before saying it's certain.

[@MrLogannator]

you've never seen basalt columns? plenty of right angles in nature

[@JohnPepp]

I'm still mad that they demoted Pluto.

[@bradt9704]

Literally was on the channel looking for something to fall asleep to. Thanks John!

[@theonlylolking]

What

[@drhilltube]

The day that I saw Plutos' character on the surface was the day that I started to believe that we've been had.

[@AlmostEthical]

Great presentation, John. It makes sense that Asgard Archaea and Alphaproteobacteria would come together, since each can live in ice and each species tends to have symbiotes. Also, it may be that this is not a great time for life in the universe, which is still very young, with star formation still happening (if slowed) and red dwarfs not yet settled down. It certainly seem that humans are one of the first technological species of our galaxy, and perhaps further on. If quieter conditions are gentler for life - and not much is worse for life than cosmic rays from supernovas - there may be an increase in complex life in billions' of years' time.

[@al4nmcintyre]

Wow I hadn't heard about Asgardarchaeota before, thanks for mentioning them!

[@EdwardAlcala]

The Legend himself

[@JohnMichaelGodier]

I've heard he's kinda blah in real life.

[@EdwardAlcala]

@@JohnMichaelGodier absolutely not

[@fluffyspunsugar]

I'm a fan of Pluto. Thank you.

[@thejabberwalker]

I remember the big picture books that were in my elementart school's library that came out soon after the Neptune flyby. Absolutely blew my mind.

[@hawaiisidecar]

Good video. Thanks.

[@drewbeans]

Just in time for sleep thanks, John

[@dannybrown5744]

I always like before I even watch John's posts because... well, I know I'm gonna appreciate. Your interests are similar I know I could read your books and savor the flavor. I just haven't done that yet.

[@Emdee5632]

0:22 Pluto did not get demoted, but reclassified. Ceres even got reclassified twice. First from planet to asteroid. Then, at the same time as Pluto, it got reclassified from asteroid to dwarf planet. Did you ever hear or read about people complaining about Ceres? Please keep producing these videos!

[@paulwalsh2344]

Fair point. but Pluto is special... It genuinely feels like a demotion. Maybe the people of the early 1800's were similarly offended ?...

[@fastquick4266]

JMG is the real MVP 🔥

[@CreamyBone]

I always wear a velvet smoking jacket and slippers when listening to each of these wonderful episodes

[@glynbrookes6456]

Thanks again John

[@sjTHEfirst]

I always thought Pluto’s moon was pronounced “Cha Ron” (like Chair Ron) and not Sharon.

[@melburnian]

Australian English is even more distinctive. Cha- ron.

[@sirpercarde709]

I thought it would be Ka Ron. Like Chiron (Kye Ron).

[@johannageisel5390]

@@sirpercarde709 Charon is in fact pronounced Tsharon, because it's named after a woman called Charlene, the wife of the discoverer. But the name is also supposed to allude to Χάρων, which would be pronounced more like Kharon (with an aspirated velar stop or voiceless palatal or velar fricative).