The Perplexing Prehistory of the Sahara

[@NORTH02]

What would you guys like to learn next?

[@Pouncer9000]

I'd like to learn more about horses drawn by chariots? (14:55):)

[@peyxander]

Renowned explorer's discoveries of ancient humans

[@rring44]

The beginnings of animal husbandry and maybe even how we domesticated various cereal grains.

[@Helmann9265]

1: south America prehistoric life in the amazonas 2: the The origins of humans in the Pacific Ocean. Polynesians, Polynesia. (Maori?) Do they originate from South America? or on the side of the Far East (from China) 🤔 3:" Ubeidiya site" in Jorden Valley makes me curious 🧐 (Cenozoic---> Pleistocene era)

[@hannahdixon8365]

id love to learn more about the travel of different species, esp overseas, and how they did it. it fascinates me how much work must have gone into it or how long it wouldve taken compared to today

[@dondidotchi]

I live in algeria and now I'm in a city called tindouf and its in the Sahara.. This region is not well studied

[@naponroy]

I've been over on the other side of the Mauritanian border. How is it in Tindouf? Is it safe for travel? Is French widely spoken?

[@dondidotchi]

Oui tu peux utiliser le français ici And about safety yeah it is safe even though its a sensitive place cause of the borders and all that sahraoui and Moroccan case You are welcome here the locals are very welcoming

[@csx3180]

​@@naponroyit's miserable, absolutely nothing to see, and you can't travel freely, since the area is given to the POLISARIO front by Algeria, it practically aims to be a mini (imaginary) temporary sahraoui state, it's being investigated for human rights violations such as torture and killing of countless voices that protest the state or caught trying to escape to the moroccan controlled Sahara, You can find info online about the topic, give it a try Sametime

[@naponroy]

@@dondidotchi Like I said, I have been on the Mauritanian side, and it was very friendly. The desert somehow has such a beautiful draw. Thanks for the welcome

[@naponroy]

@@csx3180 Where do you recomend I look online? Like I said before, the Mauritanian side was said to be dangerous but it was really ok. You really think it;d be dangerous to go there?

[@Glassgothgirl]

No worries about video output. You're investing in your academic development right now, and that in turn means enhanced content for us later! This is a fascinating video and I'm glad you brought up acceptance of **Natural** climate change at the end. The lessons we should be learning now is not to mess with the planet on such a level. Deserts are as important as lush forest in terms of diversity. Enjoy your time in Italy and happy studies!

[@scottconlon5124]

If we can destroy I assume we can create

[@eliteventurer62]

Extremely heart warming to see positive and encouraging comments.

[@xLILxWANGx]

Yes be told what to think not how! I mean learn!

[@ThursonJames]

“It wasn’t ‘natural’! The ancient Atlantans did it, even though they also didn’t exist!” Should’ve been all caps, but I couldn’t bring myself to do it…

[@renato7184]

​@@scottconlon5124 Destroy is a lot easyier than create

[@HistoryTime]

Loved this one. Nice work!

[@sharpiepenfinepoint]

Prehistoric art is probably my favorite thing, loved seeing so much of it!

[@harrietharlow9929]

My late godson was enthralled with prehistoric art, especially cave art. I am, too. I especiay ove te art of caves such as Lasceaux andAltimira. They had a wonderful sense of techinque and perspective was incredible. One interesting development is that Neanderthals not ony produced cave art, but they were probaby the first cave artists in Europe. Paintings were found in caves in Spain that have been dates to about 65,000 years. this says that the artistic impulse has been with us for a long, long time now.

[@iamb34]

This is not only beautiful but soothing, your videos are the best when you’re walking or in the bus or whenever, it’s basically a high quality audiobook Keep up North!

[@daylightbright7675]

I...well yes I suppose you would be "in" the bus. Jeez even though I'd always say you're "on" the bus, that really doesn't make a lot of sense when you actually think about it lmao

[@florentineeffect]

@@daylightbright7675typical Redditor 🤣

[@daylightbright7675]

@@florentineeffect I'm saying that it makes more sense to say it that way when you think about it? We say "in the car." Why tf do we say ON the bus? Are you riding on the bike rack or up on the roof? No, no you're not. English is weird

[@lastofmygeneration]

When people try to say Ancient Egyptian civilization seemed to spring from nowhere, I try to communicate to them this completely ignores what we know about prehistory. It makes perfect sense they would congregate along the Nile after the inland lakes dried up. There is no doubt they learned some amazing strategies for survival while the Sahara was turning to desert.

[@IsaacHarvison-mt5xt]

No Egyptian new who they were they knew who lived around them at the time they pottery depicting different tribes and them 😂😂 they weren't dark skinned Africans

[@lastofmygeneration]

@@IsaacHarvison-mt5xt what exactly are you scoffing at here?

[@romanpaladino]

@@IsaacHarvison-mt5xt You shouldn't be laughing when you can't even write a coherent post.

[@benjammin1212]

@@IsaacHarvison-mt5xt Err black pharaoh's ???

[@Ahmedpsykosgutt]

What? @@IsaacHarvison-mt5xt

[@owellafehr5191]

That rock art is amazing! I can't believe I've never seen pictures of any of it before. A lot of it is so stylistically unique from rock art in other parts of the world. I particularly love the giraffes at 10:01 and 10:05 and the crocodiles at 10:12.

[@hildahilpert5018]

My late father was in Africa during WW2.He spoke about the cave paintings in the Lybian Desert.He was a flight crew chief and airplane mechanic.He spoke about flying over that area during the war, and you could see what looked like the remains of villages or towns from the Air.Asked if any archeologists had done excavations there.He said not that he knew of ,because of the difficulty getting to these areas.

[@agent1821]

Mo

[@paulrward]

The Circular Tools you show at 8:39 are quite well known to North American Anthropologists and Archaeologists - they are Hide Scrapers, used to remove the flesh and fat from animal hides without damaging the hides, prior to tanning.

[@conniead5206]

The disks seem too round to be an effective or efficient hide scraping tool. Do not look like other stone tools used for that either.

[@atomic_bomba]

@@conniead5206Their rounded edges hide a very real sharpness. You can find examples of other circular hide-scrapers from prehistoric caves around Israel.

[@ElGreaseMan]

⁠​⁠@@atomic_bomba I think Connie means that there is no flat or blunted portion/segment that would go into the palm during the scraping, therefore, the tools are “too round” to be effective. Maybe?

[@atomic_bomba]

@@ElGreaseMan Not really. Appearances can be deceiving. Think of it like the lid of a can - round, but very sharp.

[@ElGreaseMan]

@@atomic_bomba Oh no, I'm fully aware of how sharp stones can be. Obsidian can be sharper than metal. What I'm saying is, imagine using the ild of a can as a cutting tool. All edges are razor sharp which leaves no edge to rest against the palm for more pressure. You'd have to use only the fingers to grip the tool.

[@Kadath_Gaming]

If you regreen the Sahara, you cut off the nitrate flow through the trade winds which precipitates out in the daily rainfall in the Amazon basin. So if you look back in time in the Amazon basin you find contemporary environmental retreat and civilisational spread at times when the Sahara is greener.

[@mrbaab5932]

Look at that latitude of the Sahara and the Amazon. The Sahara is up north and parallel with Florida, USA and Northern Mexico, while the Amazon is parallel to the Congo and Angola.

[@4d4fastwitch454]

@@mrbaab5932 hey stop making dumb comments on everybody’s posts, if you don’t know something go look it up before you speak because you are consistently wrong everytime you mind someone else’s business.

[@4d4fastwitch454]

@@mrbaab5932 what he said is true, the Amazon depends on dust from the Sahara.

[@C-Farsene_5]

@@4d4fastwitch454 the amazon would still exist thanks to the rich rivers that flow from the andes and the general moisture just not in the same scale or size

[@haotian9421]

If the Amazon needs dust blown across the Atlantic, how do the rainforests of Australasia and Africa thrive so well? There doesn’t seem to be another comparable dust source that might fertilise those rainforests, and it seems unlikely that the dust would get blown right around the world to the Congo without getting dispersed or rained down to the ground?

[@marjoriejohnston3038]

I love the ancient rock art that leaves us a flavour of the times.

[@oneshothunter9877]

I live in Greenland, and recently I've been carving both elephants and rhinos on cliff walls here, preferably near the inland ice. Wonder what people will think if my carvings are found some thousands of years from now. 😁

[@perceivedvelocity9914]

​@@oneshothunter9877 I wonder what future generations will think of modern monuments. For example Mount Rushmore in the US. Imagine coming across that if you didn't know why it was put there.

[@maxsmith8196]

@@perceivedvelocity9914 I feel like at this point we have left behind way too much in the archelogical record to surprise anyone with what they find…

[@samuraijackoff5354]

@maxsmith8196 If enough time past, a lot of the things we do will just disappear. The dinosaurs lived for thousands of years before us and we have only bones and some eggs. For us humans we only have recent things in the grand scheme of things, everything from before is hard to find.

[@ordinaryman2299]

imagine all the great wooden monuments we will never know about ???

[@NextToToddliness]

Always appreciate the time and quality you put into these videos!

[@oscarerikssonbrindbergs3572]

Greatings from Sweden. I'm currentlly writing an appointment on human evolution and your ancient human series has been a great help. Love your videos, keep doing you.

[@acaydia2982]

We didn’t really evolve as much as we interbred.

[@smacky101]

Thanks for still putting time into these videos. They are always welcome even if we have to wait :)

[@sabrinaleedance]

This makes so much sense that Egypt became the civilization it became, bc all of the people of the Sahara and their civilizations, culture, and technology mustve migrated to the Nile reigon when their homelands became uninhabitable

[@rudynathan8852]

Fun fact: the nile river was formed after the sahara dried up

[@AITrademarket]

Thank you for another great video! And don’t worry about the frequency of the output. We are grateful for whatever you can do and indeed provide us. And that your videos are a much watched event in our household whenever they are released. I sometimes have to pause the video and look up the scientific terms you use (I studied economics and so I’m almost illiterate by scientific jargon standards LOL), but thank you nonetheless. Compelling!

[@JJ-fe1mx]

Huge fan of your content. I’m genuinely appreciative you take the time and put in so much effort.

[@haiguizeify]

Hey man, I just wanna say your style is great. It's very listenable - I can follow along with what you're saying while you drive, and the soft-spoken, slow paced speech is very relaxing. Your new mic is great (compared to earlier videos) and I'd recommend you keep using it. Keep it up man, I'm excited to see more!

[@Peter-zv8cy]

The editing and the video quality is really good in this video. Great job!

[@brooklyna007]

Thank you so much for doing a video on the green Sahara. It is one of the portions of the Neolithic transition that is nearly completely lost to us. It is impossible to figure out where the Niger-Congo, Bantu, Guanches and Fulani civilizations trace back to without knowing what their interactions with the Saharan people were. I really hope we start getting clues like ancient DNA and archeological sites connected to cultures that still or exist or that we at least know more about.

[@TrueOxen]

They all likely trace back to the Garama, Mauri, and Meroe.

[@brooklyna007]

​@@TrueOxen Those are some of the people that are very likely to be related to ancient Saharan peoples. But note that the histories for those people all start at least 4,000 years after the Sahara mostly dried up. It continued drying afterwards but most of it was done by 4,000-3,000 BC. For the Garama and Meroe we don't even know their language.The Mauri can't be tied to much else other than "likely Berber". And we don't know how these can be related to the Fulani and other south Sahel groups. There is hard disconnect in classical archeology, archeogenetics and linguistics when looking to the north and south of the Sahel. There is a missing history in the middle.

[@4d4fastwitch454]

West African civilizations also have input from cultures in the area of shum laka in northwestern Cameroon who arrived around 30,000 bc. There were also cultures in those regions that could smelt iron as early as 2300 bc and is also a place of independently invented ceramic technology and engaged in transcontinental trade in domesticated crops as far back as the 10th and 6th millennia, respectively.

[@mrbaab5932]

​@@4d4fastwitch454There are only two examples of iron working dating back before 1000 BC with no examples of iron smelting sites or iron smithing sites. There are no examples of bronze smelting and working, which is easier than iron smelting. The two examples of iron knives are generally thought to have fallen into older depths of earth like creek beds. There needs to be more than two questionable examples to prove iron working. Maybe that will happen in the future.

[@4d4fastwitch454]

@@mrbaab5932 so what you mean to tell me is that you’ve been living under a rock?

[@meechneek]

Not only do I love it, as it contains of priceless knowledge. Your voice really calms me down, every time I watch new episode, I find it hugely relaxing, thank you! 👍👏👌

[@paul6925]

A good narrator really helps. I have to turn some videos off because the voice is so annoying. Even if the content is good

[@DakiniDream]

Agree, the voice is awesome, i'm so tired about people screaming at me. ;)

[@canchero724]

No loud bangs or sound effects too. It's such a blissful experience listening to these videos

[@cenedraleaheldra5275]

I just love your calm voice with it intoxicating knowledge. Your wise evoking wisps of taunting questions. Enjoy your time in Italy. Thanks

[@celestenova777]

Fascinating video with the history of the changing landscape over thousands of years. Makes me wonder of future people, animals, plants etc and how they will evolve.Thanks for your work.

[@cynthiashepherd7754]

Missed you. Great video. Some others I tried had great subjects but they spoke so fast I could not understand. Yours are perfect.

[@stigcc]

You can adjust the speed of the video. Some times I increase the speed and others I reduce it

[@grace7961]

This video is beautiful! Very relaxing to watch and informative!

[@jeh5176]

The Sahara has never been a barrier from Sub-Saharan Africa. Cave art shows that black people have always been in the Sahara.

[@SeanMichael-yt4ps]

Correct some are still there, but in smaller numbers for obvious reasons.

[@TheGhalimuzik]

The Aterians were what we would call "sub-Saharan" today

[@joalvarado8506]

Some of the darkest Africans are ethnic Saharans. Nilo-Saharan peoples in general are indigenous to the southeast portion of the Sahara and are the only humans who have lived in that region long enough to adapt to it. The African humid period also coincides with Afro-Asiatic migrations out of the area of Sudan into north and west Africa resulting in the Chadic and Amazigh branches. There’s even evidence of Eurasian back migrations which would explain the prevalence of Eurasian admixture among Amazigh and Chadic speakers. So much is hidden under the sand.

[@thomasschwarz1973]

Great perspective on climate. Thank you!

[@OriginalChicagoKrawZ]

Hey North02 . I've been a fan a your videos since I stumbled across them over a year ago and now I watch them as soon as I can when they are put on KZbin. I have recently learned a little bit about ancient Marsupials of Australia and New Zealand and think you would make an excellent video on them if you don't already have one in the works. That said Thank you so much for the wonderful informative videos you make for everyone to enjoy and learn from. I tell everyone I know about your channel when these topics come up and friends my age and older are blown away by your attention to detail and your drive to be thorough with all your information. Thank you so much and I can't wait to see and hear your take on ancient Australia and New Zealand. Arrivederci 🙋

[@draganjagodic4056]

Beautiful work as ever. Thank you so much.

[@marjorie6573]

You cantinue to amaze me with the depth of information provided in your videos. Simply fabulous!

[@paulajmchugh]

I get so excited when you have a new video! Keep up the amazing work!

[@PaoloZero]

It's always a pleasure to listen to you. Greetings from Sicilia

[@JustArtsCreations]

Such a top top quality video. Really well done!

[@lincolnyaco5626]

to be--as usual--entertaining AND edifying. My thanx. Yr efforts are appreciated. You are an articulate and informed individual!!! I hope you enjoy creating these as much as I enjoy viewing.

[@Andrea-rw9tf]

Hey study, we appreciate the info you share! You have an awesome channel and I’ll continue to watch!

[@nathanjohnson7624]

You are the best content creator on KZbin. I love you're videos. Thank you for making this available. You must put in so much work on these.

[@rorydonaldson2794]

What a fantastic subject matter for a video. I didn't expect to see a video on the Sahara, but boy am I siked.

[@NORTH02]

Kinda crazy, my last 3 videos have more or less been about Africa whereas I usually do not cover it

[@Helmann9265]

Indeed. Awesome one. P.s The Sahara sand crosses the Atlantic Ocean with wind and lands on the rainforest in Brazil and Amazonas area making fresh soil for the rain forest....

[@NORTH02]

@@Helmann9265 oooh a video on Brazil and South America is needed

[@hollymorris785]

Happy to see a new video from you, thanks!

[@Joyride37]

A green sahara and lower sea levels, wider coasts, the persia gulf being a river valley; how much more of our history is buried under sand and sea?

[@philosopherkink]

Dude, I love the vibe of your conent I put headphones on, watch the sun set, and literally trip substanceless.

[@JesseP.Watson]

That was a truly beautiful piece of work good fellow. As an artist myself I never cease to be amazed by the incredible accuracy of the ancient's depiction of the animals around them, it so clearly exhibits highly sophisticated aesthetic sensibilities... not only accurate, but truly beautiful - those are drawn by eyes with great appreciation of their subjects. I recently released a short film on my channel here created over several months travelling the ancient and wild places of the British Isles which touches upon that more grounded viewpoint regarding the ever-changing climate you point towards here, I believe you may enjoy it. Thank you for that, a deeply intriguing pocket of history there, it makes me want to go and wander the Sahara (which may not be all that great a plan, but all the same... such a mystical place. All the best to ye, subscribed.

[@winkiiiie]

Talk about over analyzing something.. "highly sophisticated aesthetic". Not really what you would call sophisticated...lol and no we wont watch your video stop commenting that in every thread

[@v_nix]

Thank you for another great video. I hope you'll enjoy your stay in Italy. Love from Belgium.

[@DakiniDream]

Nicely done video, beautiful pictures and overall views. Comments was also good. I'm still very grateful for less stressy video, and accurate content. These old stories around the aliens become realy tiresome over time, these people have no imagination with that. ;) Thankies !

[@chrisbflory]

Worth the wait. Can’t ever click fast enough. Thanks.

[@williamromine5715]

This is the first time I have heard someone bring up the question of humans trying change the climate to keep it as it as it has been recently. That is a question that should be discussed rationally. Thank you for bringing it up. I have only recently found your channel, and really like it.

[@swirvinbirds1971]

I don't know if I would say attempting to remove human made sources really qualifies as trying to keep it the same though.

[@owenhowever1958]

thank you for another amazing vid!!!!

[@someoneelse4492]

Excellent video North, thankyou.

[@aj.a1845]

Great video and informative as always. Your voice is so soothing and a pleasure to listen too.

[@420haxx]

I always appreciate a NORTH 02 video before bed, so chill yet fascinating. Enjoy yourself in Italy !

[@paul6925]

The art is quite beautiful and in a surprisingly naturalistic style. The flowing lines and overlapping legs are quite similar to early European art.

[@maxwellmain7809]

It is related. EEMH migrated into N. Africa about 30k ago, and- later- there was a migration from N. Africa into Spain and the UK. There are culturally similar finds and art in both regions, occuring at the same time, and even into today.

[@paul6925]

@@maxwellmain7809 source?

[@0rlanix]

@@paul6925 i think he's talking about the iberomaurisians, they're the ancestors of the berbers (natives of north africa), they existed across the Iberian peninsula and north africa.

[@paul6925]

@@0rlanix Could be. But 30k is around 10k early for Ibero-Maurusians. I don't think it's really settled yet where berbers came from

[@maxwellmain7809]

@@paul6925 I mean even OLDER than the Ibero-maurusians. The earliest of the EEMH to migrate into N. Africa were cold-adapted. Some mixed w/native N. African groups, while others did not. The desertification of N. Africa (which has actually happened a number of times over human history) caused a transitioning of EEMH phenotype characteristics, to those better adapted to handle a dry desert (longer, thinner faces/longer noses, etc. Traditionally, these had been labeled as Med phenotypes (that would have possibly evolved just before 25kya, ya, so YES, it's true that it would would take place during the mesolithic/Epipalepaleolithic era) although EEMH, native N. African phenotypes, transitions between EEMH AND MED phenotypes, as well as mixtures between these various phenotypes (including later Ibero-Maurusian ones, that someone else mentioned), could still be found on their own as well. Keep in mind, too, that that's focusing strictly on face/body structures, whereas lighter skin/eye/hair color (even in EEMH) may have appeared later in Europe, and therefore made it's way into N.Africa via later migrations. Also, Neanderthals had some influence on groups that ended up in N. Africa, just to further muddy the waters.......

[@kalrandom7387]

Always good to see a video of yours

[@charlesjmouse]

Thanks for another excellent video... I hadn't put together until now just how short the last Sahara humid period was.

[@4Beats4Me]

Wonderful artwork! They each read like an essay, Thank you!

[@ScottWorthington]

Outstanding as always.

[@john-ic5pz]

13:35 "... allowing individuals to become socially distinguished" Socially distinguished, What a phrase! 👍what an Excellent descriptor.

[@daniell1483]

I love your videos, North. What exactly is your area of study? You cover so much material, it is hard to pin down. Anthropology is my best guess, and if so, it honestly makes me consider studying the subject as well.

[@trrblv3]

He's made a q&a before he's like an IT major and this is just his hobby

[@daniell1483]

@@trrblv3 I think that makes the expertise all the more impressive, if accurate. Thanks for the info.

[@NORTH02]

Marketing major haha

[@10Greencubs]

@@NORTH02 Congrats man. This amount of knowledge you teach is a gift to society.

[@07438724]

@@NORTH02 I would have not bet that!

[@shablya]

Appreciate your work and fresh insight on this topic. I think a green Sahara could support a billion people if we still exist during the next humid period.

[@stigcc]

Sub Saharan Africa only supported 100 million people. Only after Europeans gave them their inventions (such as agriculture, animal domestication, modern medicine, steam engines, metallurgy etc) they could increase beyond that

[@stevensoto1710]

@@stigcc actually the population increased after the European countries gave them independence not inventions, also its more due to famine and a lower life expectancy which caused Africans to have more children to survive into adulthood. tho no one can argue that the Chinese helped the population grow faster within a shorter period of time due to the infrastructure and higher rate of living

[@maureenamadasun8779]

​@@stigccStop lying. Subsaharans Already had Kingdoms and Iron since 1000BCE,Farming and And all u mentioned. Racist

[@zynato2321]

not european invention @@stigcc

[@thiernosow11]

​@stigcc agriculture, metallurgy, medicine and animal domestication have been in west africa since 3000BC

[@one_field]

Great video, don't worry about producing fewer if they're of this quality. It's important work you're doing, translating scholarly info into bite-sized layman's lessons. Bravo!

[@eyemallears2647]

Great job dude!

[@algodoodoo8839]

14:56 The image of the chariot. Is there a date for this art? I assume this predates the building of the pyramids? The wheel shown in the picture has spokes. Making it a sophisticated design. This seems strange since it is said that the pyramids were built without the use of a wheel. The earliest wheels would have been much cruder. Made of solid wood. Would this art predate the Sumerian culture? I heard that the Sumerians had a wheel, but I don't know if they had a spoked wheel.

[@ChaouiNaïli]

Much more modern indeed

[@war.neverchanges]

This blew my mind

[@nilcarborundum7001]

Excellent video! Thank you so much.

[@cam-1760]

I love your videos! The idea that human caused climate change might be doing some good in all the bad it brings is really comforting. Thanks for making the videos they always make my day!

[@maxcasteel2141]

Fantastic video! Seeing chariots and wheels on cave art kinda blew my mind. Also really like the questions you brought up, I think about that kind of thing too, like how polar bears are currently evolving their behavior to survive and go further south. A must watch channel for debunking ancient civilization conspiracy theories is Miniminuteman, his current series talking about the netflix ancient apocalypse show is top notch

[@bigbillybadass]

Rock paintings not cave!

[@johnhorton4089]

Love learning about the Sahara

[@Hollylivengood]

I love the little questions you raise at the end.

[@kevting4512]

“Humans painted realistically” shown in the midst of a coitus. Ah I see our ancestors taste in cultured art still lives on.

[@mysurrealsynapse]

This is gorgeous! The narration ASMResque and the presentation better than Tv grade productiona

[@korey15]

Good video and research. You showed pictures of Napta Playa but I wish you would have gone more in-depth about its significance as one of the oldest astrological observatories in the world, also, The Tashiwnat Mummy is the oldest mummy to have been found in Africa, he comes from this same time period. These two finds have monumental implications for the origins of Nile Valley culture just like the stone burials you mentioned. Maybe for another video? Good luck with your studies.

[@yurigansmith]

Thanks for this video! Your channel is super interesting in general! Very good work!

[@JohnVance]

Absolutely love the style and tenor of your videos

[@alannohlgren]

Wow, North, it's surprising to learn that you're over here in Europe, next to me. I'm in France, but, like you, I'm still an American, at last. Good luck with your studies. I'm sure you'll do well. I've enjoyed your approach (anthropology, along with natural history, was always one of my favorite subjects during my university years), & look forward to more episodes of your fascinating & deeply thoughtful exploration of the rather large questions regarding our emergence from the long, dark , mysterious evolutions of our ancient histories, to our more recent pasts. In any case, North 02, you're my man, & I look forward to more of your deep dives, with your particular take & style. Merci!

[@NORTH02]

Grazie!

[@nive7299]

There it is again :). Really well done video. I haven't watched all your videos lately but the many cave paintings in this one were amazing to see 👍

[@ErikGsson]

I got so sad when it got privated when i were like in the middle of it LUL

[@daniellekennedy8118]

Thanks!

[@davewalter1216]

I liked the way you framed the discussion at the end. I always wonder if there really is some perfect climate that we should be conserving? The climate has changed constantly through this very long and highly variable Ice Age. People live in very different climatic zones today and always have, and probably most don't even understand that others experience different climate regimes from their own. How could one possibly balance all the different climatic needs of all the organisms living on Earth? Hubris - well known to the Greeks, but always ignored by those with a message.

[@jandrews6254]

Winters cold enough to get in some skiing but not too long, because shovelling snow sucks. Summers warm enough to enjoy the beach but not too hot, because burnie Anything outside those parameters is “Climate Armageddon “ doom and gloom.

[@something1600]

We should just let the climate do its thing and stop causing man made climate change.

[@MrBubbaSkeeter]

This is my new favorite channel

[@ignachioelsmith9053]

Quality over quantity is always welcome. Hope the studies are going. I wish you luck with everything. ☺

[@justme8837]

I don't mind waiting on videos, they are always worth the wait. Congratulations on studying in Italy, it must be amazing. Take care.

[@EJD339]

I always wondered what kind of amazing artifacts there are in the Sahara. I’m sure it’s extremely costly to go look for stuff there

[@Wildernessquestoutdoors]

Appreciate your videos!

[@colinleat8309]

Thanks so much for this! I've always wondered what the reasons are for the Sahara. I didn't realize it is an on going process over geological time. Fascinating. I felt I was reaching when I considered the tilt of the Earth Axis. That never made sense. Good luck with your studies, and get out when you can. VERY terrible the new government. Best regards 🤘😁🖖🇨🇦

[@spinlevien9078]

Love the stuff bro

[@desmass1]

rock art from 10,000 -20,000 yrs ago depicts North Saharan Africans not North Asiatics africans.... even our rock art depcits the real people of our land

[@DruNarayan]

What’s the difference? Is this like berbers vs bedouin?

[@joalvarado8506]

@@DruNarayanBerber are mixed with a substantial “sub-Saharan” (which is an unscientific term as Nilo-Saharan people have lived in the Sahara for thousands of years) component which they owe to their East African ancestors as corroborated by E-M35 and its many subclades as well as the Afro-Asiatic language family itself.

[@junestanich7888]

Thanks! Always enjoy your videos.

[@LilOleme_TV]

Love your videos!!! Keep it up!

[@TJSaw]

I wish I was a time traveller. I would’ve loved to have seen the progress of mankind over the millennia. Ancient history is so fascinating! Whole civilisations lost to time.

[@ottodasilva]

Love your content keep it up

[@cavecavecavecave5295]

Your videos are always quality. Thank you. 😊

[@cokemachine5510]

There was a creek in the 70s i built dams and fished as a kid . Old timers at the time said they remember when the creek was a river, and before that back when the Indians ruled the land, it was a quarter mile wide river and marsh for 100 miles. I brought my wife back to show her where i played, and the creek was 2 inches wide and bright yellow 😔. Ice age moisture is vanishing quickly. That was, well 70s till now! Im i that old?

[@rpbajb]

Me too. There have been many changes in Western Pennsylvania in my lifetime. There were feet of snow every winter that lasted for months when I was a kid in the 50's. The Ohio, Allegheny, and Monongehela rivers used to freeze over. People drove their cars out onto Lake Erie. Now we rarely get snow cover, even in the mountains.

[@mandynewey7215]

Good for you studying and in beautiful Italy! Love your videos, thanks.

[@frances9099]

Louder volume please!

[@Christian-wu3mp]

I legit could not understand him at all. I had to rewind multiple times and eventually gave up watching

[@swirvinbirds1971]

The rock art at 12:32 tells us some things just never change with us humans... 😂

[@Where_is_Waldo]

I appreciate the shout out to World Of Antiquity. I would like to add that Stefan Milo and Miniminuteman also go into the subject of debunking alternate history claims and Miniminutemen is currently producing a series of videos debunking graham hancock's recent series on netflix.

[@FreeManFreeThought]

History With Kayleigh as well. Remember when we all thought that they spread of the internet would spread info to kill these nutso ideas? How naïve we all were.

[@cynthiashepherd7754]

Love Stefan.

[@JamesSmith-wn6ws]

Always a treat keep it up. Butiful editing and soundtrack to go with a well presented interesting video.

[@nozrep]

12:50; it is also quite important to point out and distinguish between theorists who look at anomalies and ask questions about possibilities versus the pure pseudoscience clickbaiters who just don’t care. Examples like uncharted x, trying to actually consider how in the hell absolutely perfect drill holes with verified spiralling machine drill marks can even be present in ancient egyptian stuff against established narrative. Yes, it is equally important to point out the people who ask questions and theorize and do not make hard conclusions, versus the pseudo science clickbaiters who immediately claim it is “settled”.

[@wood4224]

Ben does a great job over at uncharted x, with excellent video quality. He asks valid questions. The stone vases are pretty compelling, and Egyptologist openly refer to them as pre-dynastic. Hope he can get more things scanned in the near future. You don’t arrive @ tolerances measured three decimal places to the right by accident.

[@outlaw4a]

Really like how you add sources.

[@Turdfergusen382]

Fascinating research my friend. Thanks for sharing

[@tpench0754]

Man i always look forward to your videos, great quality as always!

[@Zebred2001]

Even online I find it nearly impossible to find a good series of maps that reconstruct the ebb and flow of the Sahara's extent in prehistory. This is very frustrating as I have a keen interest in this subject.

[@truthseeker215]

Why ? I’m curious why do you have the interest ?

[@Zebred2001]

@@truthseeker215 Simply because of the deep human antiquity of the Sahara and the difficulty of excavation there. I believe there is much, much more to uncover.

[@truthseeker215]

@@Zebred2001 same I know. I read a paper about a year ago about how some dna extracted from some sites in the sahrah showed markers for african Americans like myself in America meaning that many many years ago I had ancestors that inhabited the areas and migrated in and out for many generations before going to west Africa.

[@ReekAhgod-hk3wu]

Thank you for all the information you give me . not just here. Everyday!