The Physics of Black hole | Why light cannot escape

[@41linestreet]

Excellent video. The whole script is just wonderful. Concepts are explained in simple yet precise terms. A true gem!

[@neverletthemusicstop]

Using escape velocity to explain why light can’t escape black holes blew my mind 🤯

[@wake6768]

It's completely wrong thou

[@DragonKastle]

@@wake6768it is 100 percent wrong. Common problem with many KZbin videos covering this.

[@CreativeButcher]

Im trying to figure out how gravity interacts with light as a wave.

[@mrsauce9307]

@@CreativeButcherbecause the space light traveling in itself is curved

[@Rbksmn]

It's all clear... but I have 2 questions 😃 1 - Earth's escape velocity is 11,2 km/s... but in reality, regardless of how fast you go, you just need a push greater than your weight and you'll go up. Big rockets lift off much slower than 11.2 km/s, but the engines keep pushing and eventually they escape Earth, also because gravity becomes weaker as distance increases. So I wonder: can't this principle be applied to the event horizon? How much do you "weight" at the EH, and is it really necessary to immediately reach the speed of light to move away? 2 - I fail to understand what "infinite density" means. You said that to turn the Sun into a black hole it would need to be 3 km across. That's a finite amount of mass in a finite amount of space: surely a very big number but not infinite. Once all the space between atomic particles is reduced to zero, can they be compressed further? Thank you

[@sanskardubey531]

From years I am trying to understand what black hole is by watching 100s of videos but today after watching your video I am finally able to understand what exactly is black hole is ... The way you tell in simple manner helps people like me who are from non science background but also intrested to know more about our universe ❤❤❤❤

[@Niro20025]

Agree with you❤

[@ravi_4705]

The kind of clarity u have while explaining is all what i need🫨

[@Ritikpanta]

Thats some quality video right there

[@thepixelatedpacman]

Amazing video. It gives a great understanding, and great idea of things. Done an amazing job putting it together, and using your data. Congrats, and thank you!

[@jaafarjuneidi9612]

That's What I call a good explanation! Well done!!

[@Ra-bi1vo]

When the Synthwave music kicks in and you continue your explanations 😎👌🏻

[@just_for_fun1]

Just superb . Recently I watched many videos about Black hole but this video is superb 💕

[@uddeze]

I enjoyed watching and learning from this educative video. Thank you.

[@shawns0762]

Most people don't know that Einstein said that singularities are not possible. In the 1939 journal "Annals of Mathematics" he wrote "The essential result of this investigation is a clear understanding as to why the Schwarzchild singularities (Schwarzchild was the first to raise the issue of General relativity predicting singularities) do not exist in physical reality. Although the theory given here treats only clusters whose particles move along circular paths it does seem to be subject to reasonable doubt that more general cases will have analogous results. The Schwarzchild singularities do not appear for the reason that matter cannot be concentrated arbitrarily. And this is due to the fact that otherwise the constituting particles would reach the velocity of light." He was referring to the phenomenon of dilation (sometimes called gamma or y) mass that is dilated is smeared through spacetime relative to an outside observer. This is illustrated in a common 2 axis dilation graph with velocity on the horizontal line and dilation on the vertical. This shows it's squared nature, dilation increases at an exponential rate the closer you get to the speed of light. General relativity does not predict singularities when you factor in dilation. Einstein is known to have repeatedly spoken about this. Nobody believed in black holes when he was alive for this reason. Wherever there is an astronomical quantity of mass, dilation will occur because high mass means high momentum. There is no place in the universe where mass is more concentrated than at the center of a galaxy. According to Einstein's math, the mass at the center of our own galaxy must be dilated. In other words that mass is all around us. This is the explanation for the abnormally high rotation rates of stars in spiral galaxies (the reason for the theory of dark matter), the missing mass is dilated mass. According to Einstein's math, there would be no dilation in galaxies with very, very low mass. To date, 5 very, very low mass galaxies have been confirmed to have normal star rotation rates, in other words they showed no signs of dark matter.

[@Mayavi95]

Your explanation is just amazing ✨

[@mrolox2]

Did not watch the video yet but I am sure I will enjoy it as much as the other ones.

[@zainriaz8698]

Excellent explanation. Really thanks for that video and keep it up,

[@neverletthemusicstop]

At 2:47 you say white dwarf but the video says “white drart” - is that a language that’s not English ?

[@SalmanAskry-vi4ej]

Interesting vedio👍

[@sohampinemath1086]

Brilliant video mate

[@golfandlife8902]

Excellent explanation salute to your understanding of the concepts

[@Nothingx303]

Very informative video ❤❤ the way you explain and your animations are fabulous

[@Alejo519]

Suscrito!. He visto varios videos explicando este tema y este video es extraordinario, desde el lenguaje, y las animaciones! Saludos desde Chile!

[@emcol09]

Wow, excellent my dear sir!!

[@SD_editz414]

I was learning the concept of escape velocity of gravitational chapter of class11 ...i found it interesting...nd that thing took me here.. thankyou for such amazing video❤

[@kotilingamsurna450]

Such a brilliant video 👏👏

[@gosnooky]

I must say the AI speech synthesis is fantastic - I only noticed a few hiccups (spear instead of sphere). I don't impugn people who use AI speech - now that we're at a point where it's almost indistinguishable from natural speech, I plan on using it for some programming videos I've always wanted to do but couldn't because of my serious speech impediment. I just need to be very careful with typos since a single typo can throw off the cadence.

[@MuhammadSaad-j9w]

Very beautiful and informative video

[@TheGenzceo]

Why this channel is so undiscovered

[@josegarza22]

Thank you for explaining a black hole

[@rockwithyou2006]

0:25 this video has way too many issues when it comes to talking about escape velocity. Escape velocity is the minimum initial velocity needed by an object with respect to a mass (like planet earth) without further acceleration for it to never come back to that mass (earth) again. which means if you shoot a cannon at 11.2 kms per sec from earth it will escape the earths gravity but it will ofcourse slow down as it goes up. The cannon ball is not going to travel at that speed constantly as it goes up, it will slow down as it moves up. A rocket (which is propelled by burning fuel) however, does not need to even achieve this speed. A rocket is capable of propelling itself and can theoretically even go at lets say 1 m/s in order to escape earths gravity, as long as it can get that propulsion for enough amount of time.

[@Fortnitegamer38-s6w]

I am 11 and you are making me so good at physics

[@farhadbari7084]

Simple and excellent ways of explaining...

[@karanveermangat1512]

great work..for all types of seekers

[@Holum2]

Quality content. I predict 1 million subscribers in a while

[@ExploreandDiscuss]

Good. Thanks!!

[@unevengaming3546]

This just makes me wonder. How massive the universe is. Just think about how far 1 light years is, let alone billion of light years. Looks like we and our galaxy is just a single sand in a desert. Every night i just look up the sky, when its clear and not covered by clouds to really understand what spacetime is and how spacetime affects the whole universe. The bending of space, fourth dimension. Anything is possible. Imagining the force Black hole has that even light cannot escape it. Amazing

[@chrisn5079]

If light can't escape a black hole, technically, a black hole is faster than the speed of light. Space is amazing

[@namgaywangchuknaw]

That's a wee belt taking place near the Sagittarius A. 😂😂😂

[@mikewheelan7395]

Excellent quality explainer. You got yourself a subscirber

[@randomstuff625]

This man cleared my hundred of questions

[@jonas10x]

Excellent video as always. Quick question what does your channel name mean?

[@SKELETON-m55]

elonmusk

[@AluminumOxide]

2:26 it’s Silicon, not silicone

[@mattc825]

It needs to “begin” traveling at that value.

[@rakheesuchak9360]

Animations are great!

[@shreekumark2063]

Superb explanation is

[@imyourfandayu]

It was amazing video

[@MyNattygains]

what music did you use please..

[@abhishekshah7204]

I am waiting for time dilation caused by gravity video, would you please tell when can we expect that?

[@TheSergiulake]

use me as a “thank you for your videos” button

[@IAmGonnaPutSomeDirtInYourEye1]

KZbin also has a thanks option. Hope you have contributed before stealing credits for someone's hardwork.

[@stultar]

use me as a "free likes" button

[@mohammadrafi895]

Good way of begging for likes! 😂

[@TruceGoeyOfficial]

If we are going around a blackhole and some theories suggest that its a gateway to another universe or portal and we wouldnt feel the effects while going into it what happens if we went through one with earth i dont know to much of this stuff can someone explain

[@CheshireChefeKilos]

Do the think quantum entanglement has anything to do with the amplitude of electro magnetic radiation

[@ranveer776]

Plz answer my question if sun suddenly disappear we will notice it after 8 min as light take 8 minutes to come and gravitational wave is equal to speed of light but if sun is not their than space fabric may suddenly change as their is no mass to curve so why earth gets affected after 8 min not just after

[@AMC2283]

if the sun magically disappeared, earth's momentum would keep it orbiting the spot for 8 more minutes before its inertia kept it moving forward

[@wisedylan]

So time would be a pure measure of mass?

[@arjunshetty8760]

What happens if we have 2 suns of equal mass in the opposite direction but equidistant from earth what type of curve will form Does it mean It won't get attracted and it won't revolve??

[@SohailKhan-bm7kt]

How energy is absorbed by space time ? (Red shift )

[@SohailKhan-bm7kt]

Anybody??😂

[@DavidGoldgruber]

Energy is not conserved in vanilla general relativity, in the most general case. (Only in asymptotically flat spacetimes, like Schwarzschild fx.) If the universe is an expanding one, like de Sitter, the redshifted photons energy is simply lost. (You can deduce this from Noether's theorem, too, bc. in this case the Lagrangian does not have time translational symmetry.) The stress-energy-momentum tensor field describes how the energy of matter fields (here I call the electromagnetic field a matter field, too,) is distributed in spacetime. However, it doesn't account for the energy stored in the 'gravitational field'/spacetime curveture. You can use the Landau-Lifschitz pseudotensor for that, but that thing is not covariant. (You can always transform it away locally, bc. of the strong equivalence principle must hold.) In more recent theories, like bimetric gravity, defining the energy density of the gravitational field is less problematic. I hope this answers your question.

[@SohailKhan-bm7kt]

Thanks bro

[@kylelochlann5053]

Energy isn't absorbed by spacetime. The redshift is from the receiver being in a different reference frame than the emitter.

[@bibekitani8401]

so what about hawking radiation? Since black hole emits hawking radiation, does that mean its speed is higher than that of light? How does hawking radiation gets to get out of the gravity of black hole?

[@princemakaveli7558]

Amazing

[@flyer3455]

I thought a certain force was required to exit, not velocity. I could exit Earth at 1 km/ h if I so desired. Could someone explain this?

[@dwaynelourd]

The light absorbed by the blackhole is not just light but it has solid matter that creates the light and the solid matter is absorbed by the blackhole not the light, because light cannot be absorb unless there is matter on it

[@justintodd5145]

So photons can get fairly close to black holes before being caught. Can neutrinos get even closer before being caught? What about tachyons? Even closer?

[@shauryarajput1631]

Wait.. so is it the fact that light doesnt have enough escape velocity to exit a black hole OR light bends in space time fabric so much that it just never comes out, the reason for black holes being black..??

[@mwaltrip]

Correct

[@proudindian762]

Hey, this is some awesome presentation. Waiting for your time dilation near black holes video.

[@jurebikic350]

You have a typo in the video; It is not "White drart" but "White dwarf"

[@doublebass1985]

doesn't it make sense that since blackholes make light to not escape that gravity can travel faster than light

[@ShadowPlasma832]

Make more videos, man!

[@Klonusk]

Sure 👍🤝

[@stewiesaidthat]

​@@Klonuskplease don't. You are not educated properly on real world physics. The laws of physics are equally applicable in all frames of reference. There is no gravitational pull. Only an acceleration force that comes from the Earth's rotation. As the radius increases, so does the acceleration factor. Since the Force remains constant, the mass value that can be accelerated decreases. Firing a cannonball strait up requires more acceleration force as the radius increases or a decrease in mass as with a rocketship burning off it's fuel load and jettisoning individual stages. Gravity is mean pushing you forward and nonething to do with my mass bs your mass but the amount of force I can exert on your mass. And where does force come from? Acceleration is where. Not mass. No matter how hard you try, mass cannot accelerate mass. Only acceleration(motion) can accelerated mass.

[@rotemcohenthedriver]

Can anyone please explain to me why they all keep using the word “escape” in regards to light? Why not just say light is absorbed into it or something like that? What am I missing?

[@kylelochlann5053]

Escape velocity does not apply to black holes. It is used by non-physicists (or by physicists who haven't studied gravitational physics, which is most of them).

[@25eyal17]

light is the measurement of speed in the universe nothing can move faster than light

[@edwardperez5638]

I don't understand why grade school taught us gravity from Newtons theories instead of Einstein

[@Jackie-wn5hx]

Newtonian gravity and Galilean relativity are prerequisite for Einsteinian relativity, electrodynamics, and quantum physics. You can't skip it. They teach classical physics within the limits that it remains highly accurate. Engineering, science, and planetary astronomy students only use Newtonian physics. General relativity, spacetime, and modern physics are for observations that Newtonian mechanics can't accurately describe; i.e., black holes, neutron stars, relative motion near light speed velocities, cosmological expansion, and subatomic interactions.

[@Vedansh2308]

Space time curvature is basically explaining gravity using.... gravity

[@henrybangs7544]

If the school system have this approach failures will be greatly reduced

[@clems6989]

How can the black hole emit energy if nothing escapes a black hole. We know that mass is energy, so mass is escaping the black hole...explain ?

[@Jackie-wn5hx]

No one claimed anything can escape a black hole. Are you talking about gravity, Hawking radiation, accretion disk, and relativistic jets?

[@praveenallu163]

Light has mass?

[@KrishnaKher25]

excellent vid ...but pls make a correction u said that light is massless but no its not

[@Ziroidex]

Photons are massless.

[@bienjifaylon7114]

There is no such thing as gravity. Then there goes the gravitational waves that is detectable What causes massive object to bend space time, the answer is we really don't know😅

[@Koda_36]

2:52 white drart

[@ThanikaSalamT-fy1ms]

In black hole light can not be escape --in this way, why light energized matter can not be visible without external light source ¿

[@justintodd5145]

So things fall faster than the speed of light past the event horizon?

[@spatrk6634]

no. speed never exceeds speed of light. its the curvature of space that is so extreme that all paths lead to singularity. once you pass event horizon, there is no path you could take to escape.

[@lookinrealcoopish9012]

So the universe is as big as the heaviest object?

[@simonzinc-trumpetharris852]

You forgot Cygnus X-1.

[@haneko6422]

So i posted this in seperate video, "Wait I dont know if this would be a new theory or not. But light speed is the speed limit of the universe right? So lets now say as an object accelerates and moves faster and faster and faster. The atoms that make up an object become slower and slower becuase they as they are approching the speed of light can no longer move as in doing so would exceed the speed limit. In essence moving faster would slow down time to the point at which moving at the speed of light time would stop. This would explain why a photon can travel infinitely and never age or vanish it is essentialy imortal until it impacts something." Lets take this and also apply it to a black hole. Lets say that there is a point at which matter is compressed down to its max and can be compressed no more. At this point is when a black hole is formed. Why? Becuase time stops the instant this happens. In essence time inside a black hole is stopped in the same way that time stops for a photon. Except for light time stops for the photon while the enviroment around it time continues. But inside a black hole time has stopped because all atoms and particles have stopped moving. When light enters a black hole it enters a space in which time itself has stopped which is why light can never escape. It is also why we can only perceive a black hole based on its effect it has on objects around it. How would any instrument percieve something where time has stopped. You could only ever perceive it as nothingness as nothing could ever escape it becuase everything that enters it is stuck in time indefinitely. If you were to say light cant escape a black hole because it couldnt escape due to not being able to reach escape velocity we would be saying light has mass but it does not. Light in my theory travels at a constant speed and its path can be bent by space time but since it has no mass escape velocities do not apply as gravity itself does not apply to it only the curves of space time effect its path. If we then apply that theory to a black hole then light eventualy regardless of how deep the gravitational well was, light would escape at some point. But if we apply the therory that time has stopped inside a black hole. Then light would never be able to escape as it would be unable to travel since speed is determined by distance and time if time is completly stopped nothing could move.

[@haneko6422]

I should clarify my theory on light and its interactoin with space time and gravity. Light itself is not affected by gravity instead gravity bends space time that light travels on. This is why you can see a star on the other side of the sun. Light's speed is completly uneffected by gravity, we only see the effect gravity has on space time when we observe light and how its effected by the bend in space time. If this is true than why cant light escape a black hole. This i explained earlier that time is stopped inside a black hole. So now lets explain a blackhole and its behavior. So when an object crosses the event horizon, the object has come into contact with the matter that makes up a blackhole that has been compressed to its maximum state. At maximum compression there is no movement and thus time is stopped. As a black hole consumes more matter it grows in size and its gravity increases. At some point after a blackhole has consumed enough matter its mass will exceed the limit of space time. I can only assume this limit is probably all matter that exsists in the universe. Once a black hole has reached this maximum mass it rips a hole in space time in the same way adding weight to a trampoline eventualy it will tear. Once space time is torn it bounce back to a flat plain and gravity imediatly ceases to exist. Once this occurs there is nothing holding all the energy and matter that has accumulated and it imediatly explodes in the most massive explosion possible a big bang.

[@haneko6422]

Hmm what if instead of tearing a hole in space time the mass pushes its way through space time like a ballpoint pen being pushed through a piece of fabric. As soon as the mass of the blackhole passes through to the other side it explodes (big bang) as there will be zero gravity. But then lets also oncisder the idea that not all matter in the univerese needs to be collected for this to happen. Maybe some matter is left behind on the other side of space time. Maybe this is where all the unaccounted mass is in the universe (dark matter). maybe it is simply matter that is on the other side or other plain of space time. Like if space time was a sheet of paper and we have matter on both sides. On one side we have our current universe and then on the flip side another universe most likely a much older one. Each time a black hole reaches its critical mass and passes through and detonates that side of the universe is created anew from a big bang. This intern would create an infinite loop of death and rebirth of the two universes.

[@dougwood8549]

I can't find an answer to this question. If light can't escape a black hole, how is it then that a quasar's light escapes?

[@AMC2283]

that's emitted by superheated gas orbiting above the horizon

[@dougwood8549]

@@AMC2283 oh. Thank you so much. No one could ever answer that one. You rule! :)

[@AMC2283]

@@dougwood8549 no problemo

[@stewiesaidthat]

It's not that light can't escape a black hole, it's that black holes don't have enough acceleration force to create electromagnetic waves in the visible light spectrum.

[@dougwood8549]

@@stewiesaidthat thank you. That makes sense.

[@jastrapper190]

So when a black hole loses so much mass (due to Hawking Radiation) that it’s no longer a “black hole” and light can once again escape… what then? Light can and will “escape”. Correct? Everything that got compacted in the object (which always had a discrete shape and size/geometry…. Just not a form of matter understood or explained by our current understanding of physics) will escape. It’s not a “one way” street…. At all. It just takes matter/information time to “get back out”. Isn’t this the current theory?

[@NoBody-qm3vy]

There is no light inside a black hole. Light has abandoned it. Imagine a magnetar with an angular momentum exceeding the speed of light. The spin or tumble or both. It has broken the law of light. Inside is total and absolute darknesss.

[@viveck1279]

Feel the time

[@samriddhachakraborty6989]

Who are you bro and how does your channel still have 30k subs and not 30M?

[@dufo4766]

Wonderful presentation but I wish scientists would give up on this infinite dense sinfularity nonsense. Nothing can be infinite. Black holes core mast have a finite density and size, however super dense...

[@aayush2808]

Escape velocity of Earth is 9.8m/s

[@Jackie-wn5hx]

The average value of *g* is 9.8m/s^2 at the surface of the earth. That's acceleration due to gravity. The escape velocity is the value referenced in the video.

[@theproboi1210]

ngl you sound like NileRed

[@blu_life]

U copied it from the channel Veritasium but ur animations are amazing

[@B1inded]

Just no

[@kylelochlann5053]

Everything in this video is wrong. It is a catastrophe. Escape velocity cannot be applied to black holes. Light escapes, like anything else can, from Mitchell's dim object. Black holes are vacuum spacetimes and there's nothing packed into a tiny volume. Einstein did not introduce the concept of spacetime, Minkowski did in 1911. Gravity does not match perfectly with Newtonian gravity. Light cannot escape from the horizon. Black holes do not have zero volume, a black hole is the set of all events hidden behind a horizon. (I simply cannot watch any more of this video).

[@Soberslap18]

Omgg😮😮

[@bromoboy]

it's a spiritual being, or possibly a gate of hell 😂😂😂😂😂

[@jnhrtmn]

All of this is absolutely fraught with assumptions relegated to fact over decades. It starts with the variables in gravity math are likely incidental, not causal. No one understands a mechanism of cause, they can merely describe what they see it do "accurately." A perfect analogy can be right and wrong. The mass of these bodies followed the idea that changes happen with the square of the radius, so that was assuming a theory, and then deriving the rest of your reality from it, and the math has a constant in it, which is just a fudge factor to make the whole math curve fit reality. It is a contrived mess if you really think about it, but it's better to just believe what you're told. Oh, don't go to General Relativity, because that is an even bigger math mess as well, inventing a variable time. Time is in your brain, or it's a math sequence counter. Math can be right and wrong, look at my gyro explanation.

[@mohalgshmi36]

إحنا أو أنتم نسير العراق

[@komolkovathana8568]

I'm against the Flat-earther.. also the BHs actually DO NOT exist, I'm against it. The B-Holer.. Holler..Holler..Holler.(singing)

[@tomredington3524]

1400 years ago, God spoke about black holes in the book of the Quran, and now NASA and scientists are looking with a telescope. Isn't the book of the Quran a miracle?!

[@pokeartimez6746]

are u ret@rted?

[@zhavlan1258]

Hello from Kazakhstan. The Dark Universe requires a lot of money from the budget: an experiment that sheds new light on the Universe will help save costs. We can create an educational and practical device and practically master Einstein’s theories of relativity or obtain, for example, new physics: Postulate 1. Light is an ordered vibration of gravitational quanta. Postulate 2. The gravitational field controls the frequency and speed of light in a vacuum. This is determined experimentally using a hybrid fiber optic gyroscope (based on Michelson's experiment 1881-2015). Using a hybrid fiber optic gyroscope, the straight-line speed of vehicles can be measured. There is a company in China that makes (fiber optic angular velocity meter) they will be able to create a hybrid device. Please, can you come to an agreement with them? I guarantee payment at cost on my part.

[@humanrightsadvocate]

black holes hove no density. Because they are not objects a black hole is an empty place in space

[@DragonKastle]

You are wrong, do your research