Why Time "Stops" in a Black Hole

Blackholes are a breakdown in the equations of spacetime. This means both space and time no longer behave the way we would expect of them.
Today we explore the breakdown in time around blackholes and what it means to interact with the event horizon, or the place where time appears to stand still.
Further Reading/Consumption:
Black Holes & Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy - Kip Thorne
Your Daily Equation #31: BLACK HOLES: And Why Time Slows Down When You Are Near One - • Your Daily Equation #3...
What happens to you if you fall into a black hole? - math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physic...
Physics Beyond the Event Horizon - knotphysics.net/black-holes

[@ButWhySci]

A lot of people are asking what the opening shot is supposed to be. Yea... it was my attempt to show that someone cannot occupy the same space as someone else but they both see the clock move the same way because their spacetime is essentially the same. I dunno... I needed some animation to go there while I talked lol.

[@naturemc2]

I really understand that blackhole is an astronomical object. But, the way we describe it by detail using fancy mathematics equation is all interpretations. Please don't think we know for sure what's there. We have only one way approach to analyze when it comes to universe. Light. That's all we can think of. Heavy objects do bend the light due to space curvature. That's 💯 Einstein proof!

[@ButWhySci]

@@naturemc2 The Mathematical proofs of black holes are derived specifically from Einstein's field equations. Thus we are quite confident it is correct. However, it's uncertain what happens to the particles themselves in such an extreme scenario at the creation of a blackhole. This will be discussed in my last video in this series.

[@naturemc2]

@@ButWhySci Which requires to explain in Quantum story. Whereas, Einstein field theory is not a quantum theory. As well, gravity have nothing to do when we talk about particle levels detail. Gravity and quantum object don't talk to each other. As you said, it is mathematical derived from Einstein field theory. I follow up with your research work.

[@chimkinNuggz]

Oh okay because i thought it was 2 people about to get it on

[@zillibran]

so is this supposed to mean that time is somehow proportional to gravity? at the molecular level when u look into compressed hot matter it is also interacting, only the space is smaller, it is not static. there seems to be some unexplained contradictions.

[@terrancecollins2696]

The model used to demonstrate the “slowing” of light was like a revelation to me lmao

[@charlottekatakuri9014]

me too

[@PedanticNo1]

Seriously. As that part of the video played, it was like that mind-blown GIF for me. What a brilliant, intuitive demonstration! I understood the fact of the matter beforehand, but that demo made it a tangible idea in my mind, not just a concept that I knew was true but didn't understand why/how.

[@mechastudio2590]

Same

[@PoochieCollins]

Agreed, very tangible way to illustrate a bizarre fact of physics.

[@shadoukingu3730]

Same, my thought of time dimension was too human. That model made the idea of the time dimension click for me finally rather than the passage of seconds on a clock being all I could think of.

[@HorseNuggets]

After many explanations about the "slowing down" of time near objects with gravity, this video finally did it in an extremely elegant way that truly made me understand. This is a masterpiece

[@CahyaAziz]

so you are learning about black hole while coding a block game?

[@beaudanner]

What the horsey said ⬆️

[@IhateAlot718]

its still non sense lol. they are just making things up , non of this has been observed.

[@richardmiller3839]

You make no sense mate!

[@richardmiller3839]

Are you on drugs?

[@1CJMac1]

You're the first to actually answer my, "What about an impossibly long rod?" question that stumped my lecturer when I asked about it. And you went into great detail, thanks!

[@vice.nor.virtue]

What if instead of a rod you used an incredibly long human? As you extended it downward you would watch this person age and turn into a skeleton at their head end, meanwhile you're still holding on to their baby feed. I guess somewhere around the middle they're probably in their thirties or forties.

[@mudgie0205]

@@vice.nor.virtueeh time is a constant. Sure the ‘speed’ can vary but aging occurs at the exact same rate

[@Daniel_Delayne]

Incredibly Long Human would make a pretty good name for a band 🤔😄

[@GenUrobutcher]

But I still don't think that answers the entire question. The rod will break, but what about a theoretically very strong rod is "dipped" into the event horizon and pulled back up with great force? Will the dipped part just vanish?

[@ctvxl]

@@GenUrobutcher No one knows the true answer to this question. It is a fascinating thought experiment, but sadly not one we are ever likely to solve. My conjecture is that if you had a "magically" indestructible rod that was VERY long, and you are at one end and "dipped" the other end past the event horizon, I suspect that from your frame of reference, time would basically stop for the end of the rod inside the horizon, and therefore, the rod would become "stuck". You would not be able to push it in further nor pull it out regardless of how much force you applied to it. Of course, this is all academic, since there is no such thing as an indestructible rod.

[@WINuFAIL]

Using the higher vs lower dimensional view of the Universe and how in one the photon appears to stop moving is one of the most brilliant visual representations of this I've ever seen.

[@wgpoprock]

Storage company ad after this video: “Are you having any issues with space?” Me: “You have no idea.”

[@enjerth78]

Maintain 6ft distance please. It's just for 2 weeks.

[@chaotickreg7024]

@@enjerth78 It could have been two weeks if we had done it 🙄

[@enjerth78]

@@chaotickreg7024 Based on what? Hope?

[@openyourwebcamshowyourface8520]

This comment is golden. Thank you

[@lunaticbz3594]

@@chaotickreg7024 It could've been two weeks if we did a quarantine backed by martial law. This would prevent spread of the disease from anyone infected to anyone who wasn't infected until the point of it being non transmissible. However the political ramifications of that... well yeah you can see why only certain countries used that approach and most did not. Lockdowns, social distancing only slowed transmissions down. Having infected and non infected still working, shopping, and going all to the same places at the same time, while being crowded into one entrance for compliance reasons.. was never going to stop the spread of an infectious disease.

[@adrianjones8073]

The side-by-side demonstrations of what is happening in 2D vs 3D is by far the best way I have ever seen this concept explained. Thank you so much for the amazing visuals!

[@Ryan_McKenna]

PONS??!??!?!

[@jennyanydots2389]

My head hair stopped growning but my pubic hair around my scrotum, penis, and bee whole continues to grow and talk and smell awful all the time.

[@namaloompakistani1768]

what i understand is. he is comparing time with distance. he is treating time like a distance. at 3:30 if radio wave speed is equal to 10x speed of light. the whole thing will change. time remains the same everywhere. for everyone

[@SpittinSquirell]

I've been fascinated with black holes since I was a child. And I've heard that inside a black hole time becomes space and space becomes time. I've never really understood that until this video. Your diagram showing that space become bent so much that it moves at the speed of light (the line going straight down on the 2d diagram) really showed me that it cannot move anywhere else but straight down and so that's why they get reversed.

[@Ridethebomb777]

In theory. Ever been inside one ?

[@aaronsingh2369]

​@@Ridethebomb777well if through a theory you can make an accurate looking blackhole, before being discovered in 2019 then the theory about it may also come true

[@DirtyBobBojangles]

You still don't understand.

[@roboticunclephil]

@@Ridethebomb777 i have

[@Jeff-66]

Yes, I heard Brian Cox say this. That if you fall into a black hole (and somehow stay intact), that you will not fall through space, you begin to fall through time - and you are basically moving towards the end of time. Endlessly fascinating objects.

[@doctord98]

that opening made me a man of culture

[@LundinSebastian]

"A black Hole is not a pleasant scenario" Underrated quote.

[@Gmodplayz]

understated as well

[@tres-2b299]

It took me a good 4 seconds to understand

[@TheSCPStudio]

Using the term ‘underrated’ is overrated.

[@Sir_Isaac_Newton_]

@@TheSCPStudio overused if you will

[@xoiyoub]

I don't get it

[@vivalibertasergovivitelibe4111]

Very well explained. I also particularly like that you always emphasized the observer. As a kid I used to be really interested but absolutely confused with this stuff but you managed to explain it well without needing to use proper time ir the schwarzschild metric. Respect!

[@VargoProductions]

Dude, this is easily the best demonstration of time dilation that I've ever seen. I have never understood how this would be possible, but I (at the very least) have somewhat of a grasp now. Thanks, man.

[@JaySteetsArt]

"Extremely Crazy-long Rod" was my nickname in high school. Subbed.

[@moonooze6171]

Well done sir. You earned my like.

[@voiceofreasonandfacts8623]

And then you woke up

[@aaronseet2738]

You cheated in pole vaulting?

[@Cummster]

Y’all really playing Opposite Day in high school?

[@haribabu-hi6gm]

But Why

[@feynstein1004]

5:25 There is a reason, actually. People make this mistake because they associate the speed of light with.................well, light. When in fact it's the speed of causality. The value of this speed is arbitrary, but it must be finite. If it were infinite, all of the interactions in the universe would happen simultaneously, and time wouldn't exist. Think of the entire history of the universe until its end like a movie. The length of this movie is determined by how fast you play it. This is analogous to the speed of causality. The faster the speed, the shorter the movie. If the speed were infinite, it would no longer be a movie. It'd just be a photo. Time exists because there is a delay between something happening here and its effect being felt in another part of the universe i.e. effects cannot propagate instantaneously. This inability is what is manifested as the speed limit of causality. Light just happens to be one of the things that can travel at this speed. This is actually the essence of special relativity. I find it kind of sad that most people either don't understand this, or instead focus only on the math, without thinking about its implications, or origins.

[@farrela3620]

After reading this, I still don't understand but at least i know why speed of light isn't speed of light

[@WhiterunGuard11998]

So the speed of light is defined by the speed of causality which is determined by how fast the processor simulating our universe is running. Got it.

[@feynstein1004]

@@farrela3620 Hmm perhaps another example will help. Let's say we create a micro-universe where only three things happen: 1) something explodes 2) you hear the explosion 3) you cover your ears. After the third event, the universe reaches its end. And let's say all of this takes 3 seconds: 1 second for the explosion to occur, 1 second for you to hear it and another for you to cover your ears. Notice here how things don't happen instantaneously. You don't hear the explosion exactly when it happens. It takes some time for its effect to reach you. And after hearing the explosion, you don't instantly cover your ears. It takes some time for you to process and react to it. Because of this delay, this universe lasts 3 seconds. Now let's say there were no delay. What would happen? The explosion would occur, you'd hear it instantly and cover your ear instantly as well. All 3 things happen at the same instant and your universe would last 0 seconds i.e. time wouldn't exist in this universe. Compare this to our universe. There aren't just 3 things happening but well, too many to count. And so our universe lasts trillions of years. But if there were no delay/gap between the events, all of the uncountable things would happen at the same time and the universe would last 0 seconds. Geometrically, this is like the difference between a point and a line. Everything happening at the same instant is like everything happening at the same point in space. But as long as you have some gap between the events, the gaps add up and give us a length instead of a point. I hope this helps but let me know if it doesn't. I'll try to think of a better example 😅

[@feynstein1004]

@@WhiterunGuard11998 Eh.....kind of 😂

[@farrela3620]

well I kinda understand, sort off.. so, I kinda don't understand the difference between real 'time' with the speed of casualty. From what I just read, you described what time is? (mind you, i don't have a background in physics)

[@JACCO20082012]

One thing to remember as well, is that in theoretical example of floating above the event horizon, the distances between atoms would stretched to maintain their positions within the fabric of spacetime (which is why the rod seems to be longer and longer from your perspective). So as a conscious being, the electrical impulses that make up our thought processes are actually traveling much greater distances and it takes longer for them to move between neurons. So as far as you are concerned time is moving normally be side you can only perceive time as fast as your neurons can transmit signals. In theory you could watch the entire history of the universe pass outside the black hole in a couple of minutes if spacetime is warped enough (and you didn't get Thanos'd by the warp ripping your atoms apart) because it takes the electricity THAT LONG to traverse the distances between your neurons.

[@quehagoconmividasos]

I've seen a lot of videos about black holes, I just clicked on yours because your username "but why" caught my attention. Im glad. You really gave me a new, different perspective on an explanation I've heard a lot of times before but never fully understood

[@mattmurphy1065]

I’m very confused by the first video of a person stepping into another persons chair. I’m subbed. Edit: I was unaware of the step sibling trope comments this would spawn...

[@hindugoat2302]

you never seen 2 kids fighting over a chair before?

[@herban_jungle]

“Fighting”

[@solapowsj25]

Reincarnation of Fauci.

[@112cla50]

@@herban_jungle yeah looked like seducing your coworker lol

[@KaiserMattTygore927]

@@112cla50 so... This is that "Sex 2" that people keep talking about.

[@artisanrox]

The illustration contrasting the 3D and 2D views of falling in the black hole, and comparing it to 4D/3D understanding of black hole physics made time dilation clear for the first time I've been interested in this subject. Fantastic.

[@HammadKhan-tl6bb]

Bro why is no one talking about the start of the video where the girl was trynne press her private balls on the guy sitting on the computer.

[@jayall00]

This was one of the best explanations by far that I've seen. Bravo

[@Wunba]

Thank you for finally explaining this in an understandable way! I’ll probably be back here again in 6 months when I need to understand this concept again. 😂

[@customgaming6185]

Same bruh

[@Milesco]

Do you mean six months according to _your_ calendar or according to _mine?_ 😉 😄 🕓

[@scorpiod5088]

Literally me with anything.. have to watch it twice to really understand it 😅

[@qweqqweq2090]

you don't understand it because it's all made up nonsense.

[@SCP-bx2ke]

why

[@idkjustleavemebeplease]

That opening animation was perhaps the most perplexing thing about this, as the rest was explained very well and in great detail. Also, if space time can expand at the speed of light, is there a point where it might expand past the speed of light.

[@mikeschager3267]

Space did expand faster than the speed of light.

[@dariuszspiewak5624]

At far distances from any point, the space expands faster than light and the faster it expands the further you are. So, yes, space itself can expand (and in fact does it) much faster than light.

[@idkjustleavemebeplease]

@@dariuszspiewak5624 but with that logic, darkness would technically be faster than light.

[@dariuszspiewak5624]

@@idkjustleavemebeplease If you call space "darkness," then yes, you are absolutely right.

[@Joker_Zz]

@@idkjustleavemebeplease darkness does't really have a speed, it's just the lack of light. It's relative to the quantity of light, not the speed of it.

[@GUFFmaster97]

The sentence "Black holes warp space time" by itself is mind boggling

[@thewebheadgt]

This is the best explanation of Black Holes I've ever seen.

[@sorlag110]

The space bending effect is really interesting. From the outside, black holes look like spheres, at least we think. But when you enter and the darkness wraps around, and you see the universe as a window above, it's almost as if you've entered an actual hole or hellish well of some kind. It's like a hole you can enter from every angle. It only just hit me how hole-like black holes actually are... Well... At least until you actually enter them. *EDIT:* Turns out it isn't like in But Why's video. Watch ScienceClic's video "What would we see if we fell into a Black Hole?"

[@Smithy250]

I suppose the fact that light cannot escape adds to that 'hole' effect

[@joemoore9991]

You been in one?

[@sorlag110]

@@joemoore9991 Yes

[@chrisballesteros6181]

They're shaped like donuts light years in length

[@skamte]

it’s like a 4 dimensional hole in space

[@OhMyRoystone]

I just checked your channel and saw how few views you get lately. So I just wanted to say that you are one of the best scientific channel on this platform and I greatly appreciate and admire your attention to details and usage of 3d animations to explain hard physics/biology/science problems. You always cover those topics with an academical background and present them from different, constructive perspectives. This is truly an important mission and gives me hope for KZbin as a platform and as a social/technological phenomenon. Thank you and keep doing what you're doing, someday it will surely pay off. Maybe consider a Patreon?

[@JP-yn4jn]

I agree! Phenomenal channel with clear narration and visuals. Love it!

[@ButWhySci]

That means a lot and thank you for taking the time to write that out. I don't want to monetize my channel in the foreseeable future because: A) It won't have any impact on the quality or release schedule of my content B) This is a passion project and I don't want to feel obligated to create videos because I am receiving money C) I want my primary focus to be on my real world research (What I'm paid for) and would like to finish those projects before seriously considering videos as a source of income But I do have plans to expand and incorporate the community in video creation if that day ever comes.

[@OhMyRoystone]

@@ButWhySci Ok, sounds logical and I respect that even more. Real-world research should come first! Then I'm looking forward for your expansion, good luck with everything.

[@parrogakaparadise9477]

Superb comment.

[@OhMyRoystone]

@@ButWhySci And what's your real-world research, if you don't mind sharing? I'm interested because your knowledge about details in physics, chemistry and even biology seems so vast and ubiquitous, that it's hard for me to locate your field.

[@MeMesofSavagery]

you explain stuff so much better than and other channel I `ve seen. You have earned my sub

[@diagonal978]

this video helped me a lot to understand time. I needed this in my research on black holes and got every answer to my questions.

[@davidmurphy563]

1:00 _"This is not a pleasant scenario"_ That, my friend, may be one of the greatest understatements in history.

[@theoryianabsolute8777]

Yes, why is that! Could you say something more why you think that, I am very curious!

[@davidmurphy563]

​@@theoryianabsolute8777 Tidal forcing, the same effect that raises the tides twice a day. Gravitational attraction is a function of distance known as the _inverse square law._ Suffice to say, it gets stronger the closer you are to the mass. Near a blackhole this is so extreme that as you approach you will noticeably feel that your feet are being tugged more than your head, giving you a stretching sensation like being on a rack. This sensation will grow until the sinews of your body are literally ripped apart. Then the effect will be so great that the bonds connecting your molecules will break until you are arranged into long strings falling into the black hole in a process called _spaghettification._ I do not imagine this would be an altogether pleasant experience. :) Nb: This is a simplified explanation. 1) Tides on Earth are more complex than that. 2) Strictly speaking gravity isn't a force and your atoms which are ripping apart are technically at rest because of physics way too complicated for a comments section.

[@yourlocalcinnasnail3065]

How do you do that font is it like /this?/ >this?> `maybe this?`

[@artdonovandesign]

What a great video- start to finish ( and I thought the characters were terrific). The info, script, narration and graphics were TOTALLY UNIQUE and top notch! (No one really tries the theoretical tests that you did here). We all know how difficult it is to cover a well-worn, KZbin science subject like this and you did it really cool. I'm going to have to watch this many times! Thank you! 😀

[@jayzui_9564]

Perfectly said. His KZbin will blow soon

[@outsideconfidence12]

This is probably the most intriguing thing about the quantum and physics world, things like how and why particles and basic forms of our world like time behave. I honestly am fascinated by things like black holes, they are so mysterious and the fact that we might never truly know what happens when you reach the event horizon is just such a scary yet beautiful feeling.

[@spacelem]

I love how terrifyingly dark and huge you made the black hole look!

[@joeyschalip3854]

I think if you were able to go into a black hole and theoretically come back out, there wouldn’t be anything to come back to anyway. Time would be moving so insanely fast outside the black hole relative to you that in a matter of seconds, the universe would experience the big freeze, crunch, rip or decay (theories for how the universe will eventually end). I’m pretty dumb so I have no idea if that would be true or not but it’s a cool/terrifying thing to think about.

[@nemex490]

It actually have sense

[@samuelquinutolo1306]

This is true to an extent however the time dialation of being in the black hole wouldn’t be crazy enough to go that fast from the outside viewers perspective i would say depending on the intensity of the black hole it could be a difference of years I’m not 100 percent in that one but you are obviously not dumb for even being able to conceptualize that most people can’t imagine that

[@Alekaline]

​@@samuelquinutolo1306 To reach 10x speed of the rest of a resting mass, you need to go at 0.995c. Going 100x is about 0.996c. 1000x is about 0.9997c. As you can see, the closer you go to the speed of light the faster the universe goes per time unit you experience. Assuming you somehow go into a black hole and come out (faster than light), you reached the speed of light at some point, meaning the time the rest of the universe experienced is undefined. Either way, you couldn't have reached the speed of light because that takes infinite energy. You can't add a caveat on the "intensity" of black hole, since it's an impossible thing to speculate. If somehow we did manage to make it out of the black hole, time's already played out, since any "time" you spent in there was at the speed of light, and as the velocity of something approaches the speed of light, the time the universe experiences approaches infinity.

[@joeyschalip3854]

@@Alekaline explained that much better than I ever could

[@jenningscunningham642]

Time dilation has been debunked

[@scottylew802]

This is like Vsauce, Veritasium, Minutephysics, & Numberphile all combined. Well done Lad.

[@ArchangelExile]

He should throw in some Sciencephile the AI in the too. :p

[@marsiabelle8500]

For that thumbnail alone I gave you a like before the video started… this is my type of content. Keep up the good work!!

[@3nthamornin]

fantastic video. this is the first time ive fully grasped time dilation. thank you!

[@MrNismopro]

0:05 my wife crawls up on my office chair like that sometimes.

[@shihab__001]

Lmao

[@hollow_ego]

When you said "anti-gravity device", it occurred to me what the implication of such a device might be. If we think of gravity as a thing caused by the warping of spacetime, then an anti-gravity device would have to reverse this. This device in turn would also influence how time flows.

[@m19petersen]

Gravity = time

[@martinruddell2682]

The only anti-gravity device is velocity

[@TheMajorpickle01]

doesn't have to really. Sure, in the neutral bubble yes. But for the purpose of measuring time dilation as shown you'd just need a hypothetical antigrav device to only unwarp spacetime in a sphere around the crew

[@TheMajorpickle01]

@chuckstable165 It's incorrect to think of the negative energy density of the casimir effect as being truly negative energy, rather it's showing you that it's negative relative to the space around it, which is because even seemingly flat empty space has positive energy. There is no "negative work" that could be extracted from it. Otherwise you are right, you do require exotic negative energy matter to do a lot of time travelling shenanigans

[@no-zn7yy]

I rather think gravity is simply a force which at a certain rate applies movement/acceleration force to things like quantums. Magnets do the exact same thing and I'm pretty sure they don't warp spacetime.

[@katiekawaii]

4:35 I have been actively interested in this stuff my entire life, and this demonstration was still revelatory for me. I can't believe I've never seen that explained that way. It's brilliant.

[@shaeVettori]

It's brilliant how you can explain complex things in really simple terms 👏. We need more teachers like you.

[@harryevans2042]

I've been watching videos about science for about two years and your videos explain things so clearly, concisely and entertainingly that I've learnt new things about the topics you covered that I couldn't get from most other videos. Thank you!

[@Nierez]

Brilliantly put! that parallel 2d and 3d representation of space it's awesome!

[@edog6324]

Dude this was amazing. You should make more stuff like this. Good work!!!

[@USAbLaSt]

That top-down 2D representation of the photon slowing down is the best visual example I've ever seen to explain why time slows down. I've seen the "dimpled sheet" a million tines with regards to gravity, but the top-down 2D visual was... well, stellar!

[@randomidiotontheinternet2772]

I just discovered your channel through watching your video on relativity, and I LOVE your videos. Your explanations are very clear and very easy to understand, while simultaneously being entertaining. Keep it up :D

[@heret1c385]

Your animations really help to grasp those very abstract concepts. Thanks for making these videos!

[@stewpitedu7541]

Finally, a video that doesn’t go too fast and explains the concept with visuals. I can briefly summarize the reason

[@danieldevito6380]

I imagine crossing an event horizon like peering into the darkest black in the universe, then suddenly and instantly getting blinded and cooked by the brightest, most brilliant light imaginable.

[@leonardosilvarangel1944]

Every video I watch from this channel feels so much easier to understand, not because it doesn't really depends on mathematical equations and hard to understand concepts but because the way it's explained feels like my own brain telling me in a way I can understand in my feeble mind

[@jwilliams703]

From what I understand is that a singularity turns space into time and time into space. Since space its self does not move once it becomes time, time stops. One of the most profound descriptions of a singularity I've heard is that its not a point in space, it's an event in the future. Take a look at a Penrose diagram and let it blow your mind. I love extreme physics, thanks for the thought experiment.

[@Runeite51]

I dont remember the first time I heard that, it might have been a pbs spacetime video, but it's what I think about every time I see black holes. It was like what you would see if u could see in a black hole and it was something along: as you fall in, you go into the past, and everything above you is the future. You are traversing time by and only by moving through space, and so you are traversing time through the space axis.

[@jwilliams703]

@@Runeite51 Yeah I think it was pbs space time where I heard it as well. They describe things in such a great way

[@praveenawesome2182]

Hm

[@edsnotgod]

@chuckstable165 there's always talk about the event horizon etc that noone can ever pass etc but black holes don't last forever either it's said

[@paulmichaelfreedman8334]

That event in the future is the moment the last quantum of information has left it. Singularities are 4-dimensional objects with apparently, 0 size and extreme gravity but not infinite.

[@FIashOOT]

I never saw something so well explained

[@kmktruthserum9328]

I'm fairly certain, however I've never been near a black hole before, but that Rod example gave me a thought when you dropped it all together. I think that the rod acts more like a slinky than it does an actual ride the closer you get to the black hole. So if you had dropped it the top of the rod and the whole rest of the ride would collapse down into an infinite point. Just like if you dropped the slinky from high up the top collapses right down into the bottom part in the bottom part doesn't even move

[@WesODonnellX]

This is the best conceptual visualization I’ve seen at why time slows down close to the event horizon. I had difficulty intellectualizing it until I saw your 2D grid animation. Thanks for that.

[@alecisla]

This was extremely interesting and easy to understand! I love learning about black holes and this video definitely added something to my knowledge/perception of what they are and how they work! Thank you for making this video!!! :)

[@thierrymartin8378]

But this only because Hilbert error. The second aspect this is due to Espace Time Minkowski limit . But if we use Hermtian space time we never get the singularity. Why because Minkowski space stops a the Event horizon. When pressure is Reaching infinite. It happens before the Event horizon just for the sake Hilbert has never considered the existence of heavy small star like neutron star. This was not the case for Schwarzschild the man who was the first to determine the Event horizon. In February 1916 he calculated from the new publication of the Einstein equation for particules with mass. Eventually his paper demonstrated a particular very close to the event Horizon, the pressure has already reach infinite pressure. This is exactly the limit of the Minkowski space time. To talk what is it next needs to change space time model. One way to do it isti use Hermtian space time model . Eventually time become négative , ...and the mass becomes négative too. This is not antimatter. This is dark matter ....

[@alecisla]

@@thierrymartin8378 Ok :)

[@rahulsakharkar4927]

This was one of the best explanations I've come across, loved it

[@Djt4848]

With regards to the two options with the rope, I think that what happens is the molecules become increasingly randomized until they are no longer predictable from the original path. You are applying a force to the rope, which adds mass and energy to the black hole causing it to expand. If you had an endless amount of material, you would see the black hole increase until it would eventually encapsulate yourself.

[@RizalRamadhan_]

😅😅😅

[@Shoarma2]

It's closer to being pulled into the 4th dimension and us not being able to pull it back. A third option is thus that to our experience, it's utterly demolished, while in reality, the gravitational pull is so strong that it tilts the rope into the 4th dimension. As for the force added to the rope, nah, the rope itself would have 1 million times more impact on the size of the black hole than the force you would be applying to it. There is quite a decent case to be made that any higher dimension would be percieved as time. If you were to take a picture of every single moment that happens on a 2d world, and stack them together, you would have a 3 dimensional stack of images containing the full timeline of the 2d world. So to us, it would just be 3 spacial dimensions, while to the 2d creatures on the 2d world, they have 2 spacial dimensions and 1 temporal dimension. Both time and space are relative, and are calculated as one and the same: Spacetime. Where our math often seems to break in consistency, is when space turns into time, or time turns into space. While quite possibly, we've just been ignoring the possibility that they are one and the same

[@Djt4848]

@@Shoarma2 I don’t believe in a higher dimension. And I suppose from that point, I don’t have any idea what you mean. Nor do I honestly want to debate. 😊

[@Shoarma2]

@@Djt4848 I think a big misunderstanding with more dimensions is that its not neccesarily a higher dimension. Just a dimension with more angles. As for 4 dimensions, well, we dont need to believe in it, we already have 3 definitely spacial and 1 definitely temporal dimension. The question depends on how relative spacetime is, is there a definite line where time and space can be seperated, or can space shift into time just like matter and energy are 2 very different things, but still the same. You dont need to debate it, I just wanted to reply.

[@AppNasty]

Never seen anyone explain black holes with such detail. Sub earned.

[@quandtkyle]

Amazing. I love your videos. Please never stop making these, I learn so much every time!

[@vossti]

Ever since i developed interest in astrophysics the blackhole has always been presented to me purely from a gravitational perspective with really no math involved... This video and the previous one you referenced have really helped me get a whole new perspective! 👍👍👍

[@cappuchino_creations]

Omg I never quite understood the downpull-model up until now. Thank you! Now it makes sense!

[@arxalier2956]

I wish your channel so much success. I find your channel to genuinely be fascinating to watch, and with a great quality as well. You deserve way more attention, and this video's popularity is giving me hope :D

[@andrewpotapenkoff7723]

This channel will go bigger for sure. Good content and some new ways to explain, i like it.

[@EdKolis]

There was an episode of Doctor Who where a huge ship was orbiting a black hole. The gravity differential was so great that the Doctor left his companion on the lower decks to go to the upper decks, and even though he was only gone for a few minutes, the companion waited for months until she was captured by the Cybermen!

[@christophernieto4648]

Best video on the subject thank you so much. Ive been searching for years watched several videos and this one explained best for me. Thank you

[@WalidFeghali]

7:48 Should be speed of sound*, not light. *Specific speed of sound through whichever material the rod is made of.

[@dcfromthev]

Fantastic work! I've been studying the physics of light awhile and this video was refreshing, great explanation and animations. Perfect!

[@KASeltzer]

These were AMAZING explanations...

[@SanoManjiro305]

This explanation blew my mind!

[@WanderTheNomad]

4:47 I love this visualization here.

[@parrogakaparadise9477]

It’s genius isn’t it

[@FlatEarthKiller]

Its a bad visualization. Uses gravity to demonstrate gravity. Spacetime contracts into black holes, as demonstrated in ScienceClic’s videos

[@netaverse7694]

@@FlatEarthKillerwhich one. Title?

[@FlatEarthKiller]

@@netaverse7694 “A new way to visualize General Relativity” by ScienceClic

[@FlatEarthKiller]

@@netaverse7694 “A new way to visualize General Relativity” by ScienceClic

[@HoleeCarolee]

this guy explains science WAY better than any professor can, amazing video!

[@RyanSellers0522]

I’m not even a smart kid school wise and I find this so interesting. I always watch these type of videos

[@JustGromski]

You know, ive seen so many black hole videos and they all seem the same to me but I like watching them anyways. And when I saw the thumbnail I was like “I already know but il watch anyways” yet this video describes it better than I even processed it.

[@TheDanubeDepleter]

As many others have stated, this is, without question, the most intuitive display of the otherwise solely intelectual and repetitively instilled understanding of a blackhole and the curvature, along with the resulting dilation and contraction, of course, of space and time that I've ever seen. You align the scientifically stated with the more intuitively understood by virtue of the accompanying graphics with miraculous efficiency and astoundingly simplistic beauty all across the entirety of your channel, thank you, truly, I'm definitely a subsciber now.

[@decomposedcorpse5186]

When you have to reach the word requirement for an essay:

[@sea_triscuit7980]

​@@decomposedcorpse5186 I know it seems so forced

[@enri7524]

i've been searching for that 'why' as in "why does time slow down near a black hole" for a very long time. my mind can finally rest after watching the explanation in this video !

[@crateer]

Time doesnt actually slow down though. It just SEEMS like it does from the point of view of another observer

[@SpicyCook]

Amazing video, perfect visual explanation 10/10

[@andriinazarov5218]

This is both mesmerizing and terrifying at the same time.

[@Clayf701]

You are the first person to create a diagram that made me finally understand space time. It seems you have a talent at explaining complex concepts in understandable ways. Keep it up!

[@CommissionerP]

Deserves way more views mate, well done!

[@notjustadev]

Dude answered an unanswered question, i've been thinking about since 2012. This gave me a new perspective about time dilation and how black holes could affect space and time.

[@kristyandesouza5980]

This is a great explanation, but just one question: isn't the speed of motion/acceleration you touched on at 7:45 actually the speed of sound? The speed an object regularly interacts with parts of itself? I remerber watching another physics video somewhere that said so.

[@HarryAshtonCoaching]

I feel like I’ve arrived at the early days of a new VSauce-esque channel 👌

[@swettyspaghtti]

F&^% Vsacuce

[@isaimtz-cmcho688]

@@swettyspaghtti any reason why?

[@peterwong246]

haha!!! YES and we are!! Hope this channel owner can keep going and make more videos in the future!!🤓

[@blazingtrs6348]

@@swettyspaghtti why?

[@iareolmedo7838]

@@swettyspaghtti bro if youre gonna troll atleast try a little. Instead of making vsauce fans mad you just got them confused lol

[@skulldaddy]

One of the best visual representations of light passing the even horizon I have ever seen. Well don!!

[@MeinCouch123]

That 2d plane explaination of time dilation was one of the greatest models of I've ever seen

[@markmunford5942]

Best representation of black holes I think I’ve ever seen sums up a very confusing situation for people who don’t understand how these kind of thinks work. Well done much respect 🙏💪💪💪

[@Leppalimes]

For me to understand the extreme gravity of the black hole was visualizing it a little different than normal. Think of gravity not as lines in spacetime that curve downward, but of spacetime itself getting pulled into the massive object faster and faster the closer it gets - like a spillway on a dam. That's why light is slower near the black hole moving outward; it's not the light being pulled in, it's the spacetime that the light is moving through being pulled. So the light is moving at light speed through it's spacetime relative to it, but from our perspective it looks like it's moving slow because we are measuring based on our local spacetime, not from the light's spacetime reference. The event horizon is just when the speed that spacetime is being pulled at is faster than the speed of light, and that's why it seems like an empty pit from our perspective but from the perspective of someone going into the horizon they may not even notice. They are still moving at a constant or zero velocity through their own relative spacetime. Edit: Objects like the sun and the Earth without event horizons still pull spacetime inward toward themselves - you can ride along with this movement when you jump and feel as though you're being pulled back down to earth - as soon as you are in free fall (which is technically as soon as your feet leave the ground) the acceleration you feel is just the spacetime around you being pulled toward the Earth. Gravity doesn't only bend spacetime, it actually pulls it in toward itself. To where? I don't know. But objects like the Earth and Sun still pull it in, they just aren't massive enough to speed up the spacetime to faster than light speed which is why they don't have event horizons.

[@storytimewithunclekumaran5004]

speed up the spacetime to faster than light speed

[@Rastasandrainbows]

You're comparing apples to oranges. Its a nice thought but its logic is flawed in the same way that pailey's watchmaker argument is flawed; you're trying to compare two systems where one is actually embedded in the other. Black holes are higher dimensional "objects" that do not follow the same rules as space-time in stable regions while water going down a spillway is part of those stable region. Higher dimensional analogies will need to be made in order for people to convey and understand the nature of these peculiar regions of our universe.

[@KaiserMattTygore927]

"To where?" *_Me_*

[@Leppalimes]

@@Rastasandrainbows Black holes are bound to the same four dimensions that spillways are bound to.

[@shaun-joshuabenbow4467]

Wow this was explained in a way that is really Intuitive and was like a light bulb moment for me, well done this is the best explanation I have ever encountered...so good! Keep at it, I’d love to learn your interpretation of many more physical principles, keep it coming 👏

[@diuliasilva7584]

i didn't comprehend a word you said, but i watched the whole vídeo cause It was fascinating.

[@WhatThisVideo-WTv]

I'm always so amazed that we humans found out these things without even stepping out from our solar system itself. I wouldn't be surprised if all of these theories are correctly verified when we are able to travel to blackholes. Humans truly have greater capabilities.

[@chidi8449]

Math truly is the language of the universe.

[@yboy898]

​@@chidi8449crazy how those ancient guys found it but I'm struggling to learn it even now.

[@floof6896]

​@@yboy898i dont think less than a thousand years is ancient

[@RiddleTime]

You've got some pretty cool and good content! Very interesting and entertaining!

[@Dark61]

5:37 I like how you can see the light also on the opposite side because it gets bend so much

[@saturnslastring]

I was always under the impression that when you push a rod, the pressure wave moves at the speed of sound through that material, not almost the speed of light.

[@SkopLP]

Thank you very much for this excellent explanation! This had me wonder: What happens if you move an object towards an area where time runs slower (that is not a black hole) or faster (that is not a white hole), but still maintain control of the end that is still in your own timeframe? And what if that object happened to be your hand?

[@cretroviorrex4646]

Awesome visuals... Awesome explaination... Awesome everything!!!

[@steeldragonjovi]

For several years, I’ve tried to find a simple explanation of the complex phenomena of time dilation. Finally, I found it! Thank you!!

[@everythingisalllies2141]

Its complex because its all nonsense. Haven't you figured that out yet? Time doesn't change because someone moved fast, while someone else watched them.. that's irrational garbage.

[@NKY5223]

@@everythingisalllies2141 yeah it's counterintuitive, but not garbage

[@everythingisalllies2141]

@@NKY5223 "counterintuitive" is just another way of saying that its irrational. And its certainly garbage, and easy to show why its garbage, but you are not interested in finding out, because you have already invested your beliefs in the official story.

[@NKY5223]

@@everythingisalllies2141 can you show why or point to a source that says gr is garbage? im interested

[@everythingisalllies2141]

@@NKY5223 well, I've studies SR more than GR, but both theories amount to science fraud. Many have figured out that in Science as well as in other aspect of life, we are constantly lied to, for various reasons. But that not what we are discussing here. I can explain exactly why SR is nonsense, and why it fools even intelligent people. But about GR, well you only need to take off your "Einstein is a genius" rose coloured glasses for a minute and wake up to a few of home truths, to see why GR is also a crock of shite. It goes like this: Space is just regions between objects where there are no other objects. It's that simple. And Time is just a concept that man uses to compare rates of change between those objects. So the claim that Time is a "dimension" in any way similar to actual distances, is silly at best, and a deceptive claim by tricksters at worst. We don't "travel through Time", because Time is just the motions of all objects in the universe, so it's not a destination, or a location, it's just really NOW, and a remembering of what was happening before NOW, and an expectation of what might happen a bit later than NOW. This is pretty basic and I should need to be explaining it, because its really self evident unless you already have a confused mind about the subject. So there is no such animal as "Spacetime", and it sure as hell could not get "curved" by non Euclidean Mathematics. When was the last time you managed to bend something by applying an equation to it? "Spacetime" is an abstract math only imaginary construct, and its "curvature" is only because they chose a non Euclidean coordinate system instead of the equally applicable Euclidean coordinate system. Both are able to locate any position in the universe, spherical coordinates are not superior or more "correct" than Euclidean coordinates. So, some math equations and an imaginary grid of points labelled "Spacetime" is never going to be the CAUSE of anything in Physics. Its not going to make you fall to the earth for example, because its all IMAGINARY and only "exists" on a Mathematicians blackboard. Meanwhile it's a real FORCE called Gravity that makes you fall. And what Minkowski does to a normal Graph and a standard rational PLOT of Time over Distance, is so very stupid that I laugh out loud, if it were not for the fact that Teachers actually seriously present it as if it were rational, while keeping a straight face. So if you are open minded, we can discuss the nonsense of SR. But I'm picking that your first instinct is to try to find why I'm wrong, rather than try to see if Einstein is wrong. He was no genius, nor am I, and you don't need to be to figure this stuff out. It's not rocket science. Just a series of very basic simple claims strung end to end. And half of the claims are incorrect assumptions, leading to the inevitable incorrect conclusions.

[@surrealism8843]

This is an exceptionally well made video.

[@lizaadeishvili8275]

Thanks for the video!

[@BennettBeach]

Holy crap, finally an explanation of why you would see the perpetual "ghost" of someone/something that crossed into the event horizon. This has perplexed me for years.

[@danielvandusen5724]

I always wondered what would happen if you lowered a camera with other sensors slowly passed the event horizon via a rope or wire from a stationary ship right above it. Out of the hundreds of videos i've watched on this kind of stuff, no one has ever addressed it until this one which kind of did. So thanks for that.

[@ryandeen999]

This is amazingly done and explained. You blew my god damn mind bro

[@OtherL]

I've never been so terrified and horribly excited at the same time. Thanks to the visuals

[@risingmermo]

This whole video was incredible.