The Powder Keg: The Bohemian Revolt 1618-1620 | Thirty Years War 2

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Europe, 1618: The Bohemian Revolt ist just about to begin. Eventually it would hurl all central Europe into one of its worst tragedies, the Thirty Years War. The immediate cause for the war was the Defenestration of Prague 1618 but there were a plethora of reasons for the outbreak of the war. In this video we will look at the consequences of this event which entered history as The Bohemian Revolt 1618-1620. This is the commonly accepted start of the Thirty Years' War 1618-1648, a war that claimed eight million lives, devasted large stretches of Europe, especially Germany and drastically transformed the political and religious map of Europe.
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#history #germany #czech
Bibliography:
Guthrie, William, Battles of the Thirty Years War: From White Mountain to Nordlingen, 1618-1635, 2001.
Clifford, J. R., The military revolution debate. Readings on the military transformation of early modern Europe, 1995.
Clifford, J. R., Tactics and the Face of Battle, in: Tallet, F., (editor), European Warfare 1350-1750.
Frost, R., Northern Wars, State and Society in Northeastern Europe 1558-1721, 2000.
Höbelt, Lothar, Von Nördlingen bis Jankau. Kaiserliche Strategie und Kriegführung 1634-1645, 2016.
Münkler, Herfried, Der Dreißigjährige Krieg, Europäische Katastrophe, deutsches Trauma 1618 - 1648, 2019.
Parker, C., The Cambridge History of Warfare, 2005.
Roberts, M., Gustav Adolf and the Art of War (first printed 1955), in: Essays on Swedish History, 1967.
Rady, M., The Habsburgs, 2020.
Ribas, Alberto Raul Esteban, The Battle of Nördlingen 1634. The Bloody Fight Between Tercios and Brigades, 2021.
Spring, Laurence, The Battle of The White Mountain 1620 and the Bohemian Revolt 1618-1622, 2018.
Van Nimwegen, Olaf, The Dutch Army and the Military Revolutions, 1588-1688, 2010.
Von essen, M. F., The Lion from the North: Volume 1+2 The Swedish Army of Gustavus Adolphus, 2020.
Wilson, Peter, The Thirty Years War: Europe’s Tragedy, 2009.

[@SandRhomanHistory]

Thank you to Wondrium for sponsoring today's video! Signup for your FREE trial to Wondrium here: ow.ly/16lN50MESmL Let us know your thought on this series. It's more focused on the governance of the HRE, the Habsburgs and the reasons for the war. In other videos we covered the military side of things (videos on Nördlingen, Breitenfeld, Lützen). What do you prefer?

[@clintmoor422]

This. A more general or holistic approach is more interesting. Tactics and strategy is fine but it won't attract as many viewers and you desperately need more viewers. Your videos are good in terms of quality but considering the effort you put in, you make way to few clicks. other channels make much more with much less effort.

It would be great if in the future you do a series of the Italian Wars with a format similar to the one used here, since it was a conflict with many phases like the Thirty Years War, which makes it ideal; although for my part, I would prefer that you narrate the important battles as you did in this video with the Battle of White Mountain and that it is not only an account of the geopolitical sense of the conflict (that the tactical approach is not completely abandoned, while we talk about the political and strategic things).

[@eriktillman8114]

I prefer videos like this covering the political and strategic situation, especially since the politics of the time are so strange and complicated by modern standards.

[@brokenbridge6316]

Nice video SandRhoman History

[@roballister5269]

10/10 loved it! Could u do a video on El Cid?

[@Punaeased]

This is undoubtedly the greatest Early Modern history Channel on KZbin!

[@gabrielvanhauten4169]

yeah, but nobody watches early modern stuff right... kinda sad for these guys

[@RodolfoGaming]

@@gabrielvanhauten4169 I wouldn't say that a quarter of a million people is no one but yes it should be a lot higher. History in general is glossed over sadly but in particular this time period as well as the middle ages

[@williamtheconqueror7012]

@@RodolfoGaming Brother, you are completely right and I agree with you….just a quick thing though…25k is not a quarter of a million: 250k is.

[@conradhauser4814]

@@williamtheconqueror7012 yes and he has 250k subscribers and so can reasonably expect to get that many views

[@RodolfoGaming]

@@williamtheconqueror7012 I meant the subs and point still stands but yeah sure

[@kyleolson8977]

"That guy flying out the window? That's me being defenestrated. I suppose you're wondering how I got into this situation. I'm wondering that myself. I think it all started when Ferdinand became the King..."

[@raymondjelich185]

Was that you who just plummeted past my window? 😊

[@letosvet1]

Sunset Bollwerk

[@Thraim.]

Wow, if I had a nickel for every time Bohemians defenestrated someone, I'd have three nickels - which isn't a lot, but it's weird that it happened thrice.

[@mrsqu8688]

Were you not listening to the video? You’d have buckets full of Nickels 🤦‍♂️

[@clintmoor422]

there were later defenestrations as well, so you'd had even more

[@Swedishmafia101MemeCorporation]

There's a serial defenestrator on the loose!

[@panhradu]

I can not wait for fourt. Greetings from Bohemia.

[@richardaubrecht2822]

@@clintmoor422 Not in Prague. Unless you mean the death of Jan Masaryk, who died after falling from a window - presumably being pushed by an KGB agent.

[@13StJimmy]

I highly recommend people visit Prague for several reasons, but to go to the castle and see the window they were thrown out of is not only amazing because of its historical significance but you see why the Catholics started saying they were saved by angels… that fall is massive lmao

[@CsStoker]

I would kill for a Total War set in this time period with the last engine

[@k.l3062]

This is what I’ve been thinking for the longest time. Renaissance-thirty years war. Or just the 30 years war specifically. Gunpowder was being introduced but armies were still clashing with sword and pikes

[@XxLIVRAxX]

That's basically the later stages of a Medieval Total War 2 campaing.

[@zetorrec]

yep done in the style of napoleon tw not the modern wh "total war"

[@leojohn1615]

tbh i think it wont be great unless they make a new game engine this current one is defintly showing its age by now but still a pike and shot total war would be great

[@JCDenton3]

If TW got its mixed formations I'd be down, until then you couldn't represent pike and shot and tercios properly which would defeat the purpose. Here's hoping they make an engine to handle it!

[@smcasas9367]

"von Hohenfall" Thanks, I needed a good laugh.

[@arandomwalk]

I love that the channel is trying to diversify, never let it die!

[@Vitalis94]

Diversify? But it was focused on Early Modern History from the start? :P

[@arandomwalk]

@@Vitalis94 in the sense of going from sieges to beyond that. Love all of it

[@Vitalis94]

@@arandomwalk Oh, right. It’s still quite an underrated channel, at that.

[@AvenSC2]

Video is off to a good start "Baron von Hohenfall" made me audibly laugh.

[@markgarrett3647]

Yeah the Emperor clearly had a funny bone.😅

[@troo_6656]

Given how lurk warm the international response was and how many blunders bohemians did it is almost surprising how close it all got to crushing habsburg power in HRE. Amazing video, many things I was not aware of, thank you

[@johntheknight3062]

I am from Bohemia and I can say I really hate how incompetent and dumb these Bohemians were. They had all the opportunities to crush Habsburgs and they totally messed up.

[@something3395]

@@johntheknight3062 Same

[@jiritichy7967]

And it shows how the history is often decided by inefficient leadership.

[@pickeljarsforhillary102]

Moe Larry Curly

[@yograin3430]

Its been foreigners fighting foreigners at Prague White Mountain.

[@michaelmoorrees3585]

Note the city names of Pilsen & Budweis. Pilsen is were you get the name for pilsner beer, and Budweis for Budweiser. This was the real center for European beer ! And it goes all the way to the 1860s, when Maximilian, Archduke of Austria, became the emperor of Mexico. The Austrian Empire held Bohemia, and after the Mexican's overthrew the foreign army, the executed Maximilian, but spared his brew masters. That's why Cinco de Mayo (after a battle in the revolt that overthrew Maximilian) is celebrated with beer, and why Mexico is even a major beer maker (Modelo, Dos Equis, Corona, ...)

[@taka7369]

The guy, that invented Pilsen beer was Bavarian though; Joseph Groll. Stupid Nationalism points out differences. Fact is, central Europeans like the same drinks and food.

[@varelion]

@@taka7369 The beer in Pilsen was so bad that they hired a Bavarian brewmaster. And from then things went up. In Budweis it was the German tradition of beer brewing that was continued by the Chechs.

[@MrMajsterixx]

man thats fucking awesome, i am czech and i was in mexico like a year ago, and tried i think its name was something like "Inco" or something like that, wasnt bad at all , makes sense now.

[@clintmoor422]

beautiful, insightful, respectful and funny. you got it all. I for one would be happy to see this channel grow a lot!

[@SandRhomanHistory]

Wow, thank you!

[@TenOrbital]

Fantastic! In English we hear about the same battles over and over, Waterloo, Gettysburg, the Bulge, whatever. It’s so great to have a medium and channel that has another perspective.

[@usererrer7493]

It makes my heart sick to think of all the Pilseners and Budweisers that were lost during this conflict.

[@slin2903]

Yes so much beer lost....

[@sahhaf1234]

That map @6:40 melted me away.... Vey few military historians pay any attention to the topography and road network...

[@petrfedor1851]

Interesting things is these roads quite well corelate with way newer railway network.

[@sahhaf1234]

@@petrfedor1851I think this is because they are restricted by the mountain passes and river crossings.

[@lucasvanderhoeven3760]

Great that you guys are covering the 30 years war fully! Really looking forward to more episodes!

[@remilenoir1271]

It's worth noting that the dungpile explanation was a later invention by the protestants to counter catholic claims. There is no mention of it in any of the first-hand accounts, and the seemingly miraculous fall may rather be explained by the heavy fashion of the time, the slant of the wall bellow the window and the fact that they landed on relatively soft ground (as opposed to pavement). Still, for three men to successively survive the same 20 meter fall was a pretty rare event, and it quickly gained a mystical dimension that the protestant later worked to dispel as it is never good to let your ennemy think they might be on God's side. Especially in a religious war...

[@chrisbrown8640]

A case of 'my way or the highway'.....anyone else wanna drop out ?

[@54032Zepol]

I friggin love early modern history! From the fall of Rome all the way to the capitulation of Napoleon the Great!

[@VusCZ]

Great video! Even after all these centuries, Frederick V. is still somewhat mockingly called "Winter King" in Czech lands, because he only reigned for a year and was not very good.

[@bludfyre]

Thank you so much for giving his nickname! I first came across it in Eric Flint's 1632 series but my memory changed it to "Summer Prince" and became very confused when he was still in charge in the winter...

[@ash12181987]

Defenestration is one of my favorite words Because it's so much of a word, for 'throwing someone out a window'

[@all_time_Jelly_Fish]

Defenestration frustration, who hasn't been there, am I right?

[@davidwallace3871]

I think it’s so great that you are doing a comprehensive documentary on The 30 years war. Thank you so much

[@Zappygunshot]

I love this as a series, especially after the videos about the many sieges and battles that serve as highlights in this messy and complicated time period! It's one thing to learn the ins and outs of Medieval and Early Modern tactics and strategies, it's another still to learn the sequence of events that strung them all together into what is, today, history.

[@9and7]

Without question of the best channels on YT. Thank you for this SandRhoman History and all future videos.

[@FreeFallingAir]

Oh boy this is going to be a bloody trip through history. The Pike and Shot era always fascinated me. Well done sir!

[@thcdreams654]

Great content as always man. Thanks

[@xe2594]

was just perusing your videos to rewatch as ive seen them all and now a new one- sublime, thanks

[@SandRhomanHistory]

Glad you like them!

[@zetectic7968]

Thanks for an interesting & informative video

[@stevenmccart8502]

I can't get enough history. I'm glad I found this channel.

[@Dan_Gyros]

Its difficult to find history pieces on Bohemia, thanks for the vid!

[@andreoliveira685]

amongst the "military history with funny graphics and maps" style channels you are the greatest!

[@JimLaifstail]

Incredibly detailed and well made. I can’t wait for more videos from this epic series! Just a small correction on the map: Wroclaw was called Breslau in that time.

[@yarovitek]

Wroclaw still had Polish-speaking majority at the time. Large parts of the city were still Polish-speaking at the beginning of 19th century (the right-bank, or "Polish side").

[@alexdetrojan4534]

SandRhoman, this is a great video. I've always been interested in this period and you explained it so well. Also the art of this video is outstanding and makes one feel like you are living in those times! 👍

[@SandRhomanHistory]

Awesome, thank you! Glad you enjoyed it!

[@GeneralPuff]

You guys rule! I can't wait for the next part.

[@thehistorybard6333]

Man I am loving this series, yours is the perfect channel for this topic!

[@SandRhomanHistory]

Glad you enjoy it!

[@Bufoferrata]

Absolutely superb presentation. Clear, informative and engaging. The viewer could be well read on these events and STILL feel tension about the outcome. THAT'S the mark of a great documentary! BRAVO SIR! BRAVO!

[@SandRhomanHistory]

thanks!!

[@sonamschima]

I follow this channel since the "Siege of Mantua" video and it is absolutely great to see how it all comes together from a historic standpoint. The quality steadily keeps getting better and better, the research is superb and it covers a lot of neglected themes. And since you produce this stuff for 2 years now, you can even reference your own videos, which make it perfect to dive deeper into a topic (for instance, Battle of Khotyn). As an Austrian history buff, I have learned more about Habsburg related history here than in 12 years of Austrian middle school and university. Keep it up! p.s.: Where are you based? You really get the pronounciation of many languages quite right (German for example) so I really struggle to pinpoint your accent :D

[@SandRhomanHistory]

Hey, thanks! We’re from Switzerland!

[@shawnbeckett1370]

Awesome as always

[@esamunaeebsaad389]

As always, a top notch representation of human history, documentation at it’s finest.

[@terpentintrinker]

Didn't know you guys where from Bern as well until recently. Keep up the good work and making history students at UniBe looking good : >

[@metallyricsarchive9947]

Easily the best history channel on youtube!

[@leagueoflags]

That "defense" of Prague really was as pathetic as I remember it from school and other documentaries. As a Czech, I will probably never understand how you can a. Lose so quickly and badly while literally having the high ground. And b. How you can just give up, not even defending Prague itself. What a bunch of inept cowards around Frederick.

[@ingold1470]

They were merely fighting for rights they had 10 years earlier, they would surely have been labelled "controlled opposition" if modern political language existed back then. It is interesting that even people as timid and unambitious as them could start a conflict that was arguably deadlier than World War 2 proportional to population, perhaps it was because of this initial timidity that the conflict was so bloody and drawn-out?

[@solaufein1374]

Allways happy to see Holy Roman Empire topic.

[@sarahsidney1988]

So cool, love your videos lately

[@SandRhomanHistory]

Glad you like them!

[@arturobermudez6277]

Please a video of the battle of Lepanto, the sieges of castelnouvo and oran-mazalquivir

[@johnconnor8206]

Your one of the few people who cite sources and use quotes in their history videos

[@roballister5269]

lovely 10/10 could u do some more on medieval spain, specifically about El Cid?? thanks!

[@joshuaschoenenberger]

I'm kinda surprised that I only recently learned from a SRF article that you guys are also Swiss history students. I have been watching your videos for a while and have enjoyed your content. Danke vielmals für eure Videos.

[@gabrielvanhauten4169]

a what article? where can i read it?

[@joshuaschoenenberger]

@@gabrielvanhauten4169 SRF is the Swiss national news broadcaster. Their article on SandRhomanHistory should still be on their Website.

[@SandRhomanHistory]

Merci dir füre comment!

[@cbroz7492]

...seems to have been endemic in Bohemia/Czechoslovakia...Jan Masyrsk was defenestrated by the Communists in 1948...

[@gabrielnguyen5580]

The only pike and shot youtuber dude that sticks in my mind. The content is unparalleled in quality. Got me to think about collecting minis.

[@Leo-ud2iz]

More of that ! Excelente!

[@Jesse_Dawg]

Please I need more of these videos

[@kalixkatt]

The cover of the different colflicts leading up to the 30year war is an interesting and educational series.

[@clemi6739]

great video again! perhaps the siege(s) of przemysl during the first world war could also be interesting for a video

[@emilioglz.carrillodealborn9175]

YOU ARE THE BEST

[@davidwebber814]

We truely live in the golden age of Historiographical video entertainment.

[@bigsarge2085]

Excellent documentary! I learned something new.

[@SandRhomanHistory]

Awesome, thank you!

[@awiredape3999]

Amazing content very Intresting content

[@danielrogge3085]

Your Videos are always a Joy to watch! I know very little about Tilly prior to the 30 years' war. Would a video about him be interesting for you to make?

[@SandRhomanHistory]

maybe yeah. will add it to the endless list of possible topics.

[@danielrogge3085]

@@SandRhomanHistory Might be too obscure to be worthwhile your time, as you probably also want people to watch your Videos. 😅 He just strikes me as an interesting character. Thanks for your work in any case, few people manage to satisfy my inner history nerd as you do.

[@ibonarzua2811]

Imma say it again. Tercio is not a battle formation, but an administrative unit. Tercios fought in companies and were far more used to fighting asymetrical warfare and in companies and half companies formed adhoc, much like vexilationes, than huge massive and cumbersome pike blocks.

[@therac197]

It's both, just like brigades were for Sweden

[@Staremperor]

Greetings from Brno - Moravia. Thank you for great coverage of the topic. You're better at this than Czech school system. I'd just like to correct a few things about your pronounciation. "Čáslav" doesn't start with "K" sound (like in "key") but with "Cz" sound (like in "Czech" or "Child") White mountain is in Czech "Bílá hora". You made a mistake in the last sound of each word, where I heard "ɛ" but it's supposed to be "a" (like in "mama" or "Prada")

[@Octopusmaster]

Its on my bucket list to see the window where the 2nd Defenestration of Prague. Not sure why, but its on my list

[@cm275]

I’ve also thought Defenestration of Prague would be a cool band name.

[@tristanstorm5608]

amazing work

[@SandRhomanHistory]

Thank you! Cheers!

[@Zifferony]

Thank you for yet another very interesting and educational video. Were I to suggest a small improvement it would be to include the year you are currently talking about in one corner of the screen at all times. The video is jam-packed with meaty information and often referring to dates like 'person x arrived at location y on the 4th of August'. The title of the video is 1618-1620 and I keep wondering "are we talking about 4th of August 1618 or 1619, or are we already in 1620 now?". This would be especially helpful when you're showing the strategic army movements on the maps :) Keep up the good work.

[@Rusty_Justice]

6:35 that map is absolutely gorgeous

[@prosagon]

Thank you!

[@SandRhomanHistory]

You're welcome!

[@lerneanlion]

So the Ottoman Empire almost join the Thirty Years' War but ultimately decided not to because the circumstances isn't the right one at the moment. And when one of the Pashas seized one of the Hungarian cities, it was the last straw that broke the camel's back in the possibility of joining this war against the Habsburg in Germany and possibly, seize Vienna.

[@danrafael6890]

The bohemians noble were also negotiating with ottomans, hoping to get their support directly. One of the the nobles, who hosted the ottoman delegation in Prague, Vaclav Budovec of Budov wrote a book called Antiquran, in which he criticizes islam as a religion and urges all Christian nations to join a common fight against the Turks. Ottomans declined these attempts of course.

[@michalsalekcz]

Brilliant, although one minor mistake on the map: When you portraied the Bohemian crownlands, you included Kladsko (Glatz) in Silesia, but it was part of Bohemia proper until the end of the Seven Years War.

[@MrZombiekiller23]

I love that FINALLY the 30 years war is getting a proper youtuber animation!

[@evilways961]

Thanks for the video...

[@SandRhomanHistory]

My pleasure

[@catguy00]

You mentioned Peter Wilson. I am currently reading his book on the Thirty Years War.

[@socratrash]

Wow, what a fantastic video. Awesome to let all your informative videos come together in this one. Fantastic storytelling. Congrats.

[@SandRhomanHistory]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@TheGerogero]

I'm not really into history, but I can appreciate the quality of this presentation. I can't get over thinking of these kings and dukes as giant egotists squabbling for prestige, dragging others into terrible situations.

[@maxpower4436]

great video

[@danrafael6890]

Very interesting fact about the calvinists destroying the St. Vitus cathedral you are talking about 14:24. The main guys behind this werent actually the calvinist from palatinate, but some of the most important members of the bohemian nobility, trying to gain favor of their newly elected king. Also, Frederick V. was very unpopular even before is arival in Prague as many of the bohemian and (mostly) moravian nobles did not want him as a king. Another important fact not mentioned, Frederick knew even before accepting the bohemian crown that he would get very little international as a king of bohemia. The protestant union directly warned him off, telling him they wont support him if he does accept the crown. After accepting it, he was even removed from the league.

[@oguzkaganonder1331]

I would advice you to take a look at Siege of Nagykanizsa 1601, as it is probably the most succesfull and perfect siege defense in history, it would be a great content for your amazing channel

[@MrNiceGuyHistory]

Very Good!

[@fabio_andreatta]

SandRhoman uploads! I watch asap!

[@YD39222]

Look who's back, back again!

[@Noobfantasy]

Bro your videos are good

[@SandRhomanHistory]

Thank you! Appreciate it!

[@tangerinebeta7012]

amazing!

[@SandRhomanHistory]

Thanks!

[@danielkastenholz5649]

I'd always thought the war started with the Elector Palatine sailing up the Rhine with his young English wife. Thanks for putting into perspective how much had to happen, locally and internationally, before the Elector even got involved.

[@haynesdevon0]

Imagine you just chilling your superiors are negotiating. All of a sudden stuff get wild, your 2 superior are out the window. And now the bohemians are looking at you. Like, come on fellas don't be like that, I'll see myself out....nooooooooooo

[@Illfsgoonyndndn]

Never thought I’d actually see this vocabulary word used haha, thanks mr. O

[@brianoneil9662]

A 17m fall into manure would still be pretty rough. Either Mother Mary saved them, or the Devil knew what their survival would lead to and decided to keep them alive

[@mariushunger8755]

I heard the wall wasn‘t straight, so they probably did a bit of sliding

[@remilenoir1271]

That, and the fact that the dungpile was a later protestant invention to counter Catholic claims of divine intervention. There was no dungpile; however the heavy clothed fashion of the time and the slight slant of the wall under the window (which may have been covered in ivy, as it is nowadays), may explain in part the miraculous fall. Wether it was pure luck or divine intervention, the story is still a pretty good one.

[@coryfice1881]

@@remilenoir1271 Clearly it was because the children in their pants cushioned their fall.

[@remilenoir1271]

@@coryfice1881 Children in their pants ?

[@coryfice1881]

@@remilenoir1271 Have you seen how big early modern european pants were? Some of the funniest art I've seen is from Japanese depictions of Portuguese traders with their thigh wide pants like Squidward.

[@billmiller4972]

Marching fro, Budweis to Pilsen. I see what you did there!

[@stephanaugust1101]

White mountain is bílá hora in czech, na bílé hoře (don't even try to pronounce it) means on the white mountain

[@HejMeeeen]

yeah.... i live 3 km far from Bila hora :D

[@jbb4105]

I wish there were more videos on the history of the palatinate

[@RedScorpion92]

I only just learned yesterday how the queen of bohemia was Elizabeth Stuart the winter queen and daughter of Charles VI. The fact I'm only learning about this side of scottish history now is a shame. Its so such a interesting hidden part of scotlands history interacting with Europe.

[@notalecguinness3221]

Scotland had a significant impact on the war! Many Scotish regiments served in the Swedish army. The Scotish general Alexander Leslie decided the battle of Wittstock for Sweden. And there was another Leslie, named Walter, who was one of the men who assasinated Imperial generalissimo Wallenstein and later became a major military adviser to the Emperor.

[@RedScorpion92]

@@notalecguinness3221 Thats fascinating I really want to know more about this since my last essay was about Charles V and Luther. My next essay is going to be on scots mercenaries that fought for the Swedish army actually so I got a book called swords for hire all about it looking forward to researching it.

[@MrMajsterixx]

Yep Eliška Stuartovna in czech

[@tubalcain6874]

As a former Protestant (I’m now 65 and left late in life) none of this surprises me.

[@AlphaSections]

This conflict to so complex. I'm glad to so it being taken on by SandRhoman!

[@herrrabe7123]

I would love to see a well produced and historically accurate netflix series of the events of these years :D

[@TheTenthLeper]

Sir, thanks kindly for the free videos! You may benefit (I know we would) from bigger labels, for mobile viewing! :)

[@SandRhomanHistory]

in the video or on the thumbnail?

[@Deatheater4444]

I refuse to meet with any Czech in any room with any windows.

This conflict for me is an example of when it seems that something is wrong, it turns out to be worse in the end... For me it is the real First World War (although it is true that this title goes to the Seven Years War, because it is more global); although it must be admitted that in the case of the entire war, this battle was by far the most decisive, putting all the rebelled territories here under complete control of Austria for 300 years (added to the victory of the counter-reformation in Bohemia, promoted by victory), while the other battles of the conflict did not reach such long-term consequences. Meanwhile, the reinforcements sent by Philip III from his territories of Naples and the Spanish Netherlands (the majority being Walloons and Italians, with a few Germans and Spaniards), proved to be of great help to the imperial and Catholic League troops, showing his military veterany. Entering the video, there is an error that is related to the exaggerated perspective that the Protestant forces tended to have total supremacy in firepower compared to the Catholic ones (1:54), related to the subjective vision that historiography has by putting military innovations only on the side of armies like the Dutch and the Swedish; However, they forget that the first army that used muskets in large numbers was that of the Tercios of Flanders led by the Duke of Alba at the beginning of the 80 Years War and therefore, it was one of the first armies to increase its power of fire, to the detriment of the pikes, so for these times the squadrons of Tercios must have had fewer pikes than what is shown (although in this battle the use of that tactics by the Germans in the service of the emperor is seen, it should not be very different from those used by the Spanish, Italians and Wallons, who also participated in the battle with Bucquoy) therefore when you put the Tercios formation at the minute (29:51), rather than a large square, it should be a little more rectangular, also clarifying that In addition to the muskets in the corners (which would have to be slightly larger squares), there were sleeves of arquebusiers in front of the pikemen, on their sides and behind (the arquebus had a shorter firing distance and smaller caliber, but effective at close range), as it appears in the illustration of the Battle of White Mountain seen in Wikipedia of the "Theatrum Europaeum" and in the illustration of the Battle of Niewpoort (1600), something closer to what you put in the minute (33:23), so it had an acceptable firepower, by the standards of the time and not just a mass of pikes as is usually put (60% of the 2,500 or 1,500 men who made up a Flanders Tercio in the first two decades of the 16th century were musketeers and harquebusiers).

[@Neomalthusiano]

History is anti Catholic. And Spaniards in special, are treated as monsters with low intelligence thanks due the overrepresentation of English authors. It becomes even clears when studying the inquisition and the reaction of protestantism against unorthodoxy. We just need to live with that.

[@ingold1470]

It seems that great revolts often have trivial causes

[@tobias064]

I'm still watching the video

[@recylibs.a6522]

...doch recht guät ! Super gmacht ...

[@homemadehistorian2590]

30:45 How did the cavalry almost break the tercio? I thought it was nigh-impervious to cavalry attack. Were the Protestants using the caracole?