The Rise of Antisemitism in the US after October 7 EDUCATIONAL CONTENT ONLY

[@majpalmer2158]

I taught a course on the US & the Middle East, 1783 to the present, from 2003 until in retired after 2020. I averaged 60 studnets per year. I saw this new, fifth version of Jew Hatred, which is what it is, develop. The first year I taught I encountered 1 obvious antisemite. By my last semester I was seeing 3-6. In my early days as an academic, when I encountered an antisemite and asked about where they had picked up their views, the answer was usually family or friends. A German student who grandfather fought in Russia during WWII. At the end, when I asked the answer was always "Professor X." I also noted that the most frequently cited source for their papers was The Nation! That was the clue! Several discussions led me to understand that these students were led to antisemitism through Intersectionality. Victim groups had to hang together, lest they hang separately. The entire system prevents these groups from succeeding. The system is capitalism, and it has to go. Plutocrats were the enemy, and they were often depicted artistically as Jews. Even Bin Laden in his final years had shifted from discussion of Jews to Plutocrats. Among the victim groups were, of course, Muslims. Ergo, all other groups must support Muslims. Muslims are anti-Israel, at best, and far too often Jew Haters. But the other groups must support them, lest Intersectional unity be lost. Ergo, you have Gay's for HAMAS! Years ago I concluded, and began warning, that "Antisemitism has become the cover charge for entry into le Club Progressive." And so it has. I witnessed it.

[@regularshiftrs3676]

Nice to read your comment. We are now aware of that. I was central left and now conservative. Historians conserve history. Lefties had made a "nice" clever coalition (forged alliance). My hope is that the peak is now and after it will be ridicularized. But we dont want to understimate more. Greetins from Portugal..My country have perhaps a majority of Israel supportees but in silence.

[@majpalmer2158]

@@regularshiftrs3676 Wife and I were in Portugal last Fall. Great country. Great people. Great time.

[@italianstallion389]

End the occupation and all of this ends. For 75 years this has been going on.

[@regularshiftrs3676]

@@italianstallion389 end the attacks and the all other things we all know..and all ends

[@regularshiftrs3676]

@@italianstallion389 did you saw or read what made the "okkupaxion" happen? Maybe this comment will be deleted. Im beeing canceled by yt wokeness. Just go read history

[@SaraLevins]

Thank you for your research! This should be shown in schools educating people about antisemitism.

[@thewkovacs316]

it wont change a single mind

[@Maryculligan]

My Jewish family was distanced from Judaism. We considered ourselves Reformed ( even attended Church) but we were less than that. In any case, we never turned against Israel. 🇮🇱 I will travel there soon- June. My children insisted El Al. Ironically , my son with little Jewish education, is married to the best daughter in law & she is Frum. Your channel is educational & calming , especially during these pogrom times.

[@RobespierreThePoof]

I must admit, I will never really understand why anyone would leave one religion only to join Christianity or Islam. The history of the Jewish people is a painful one, but the religion itself has a history with FAR fewer nasty blemishes that Christianity and Islam have. I just don't think I could ever join a faith that has, in its history, things like the Jewish getto, the inquisition, burning heretics at the stake, religious wars, countless spin-off cults, a child molestation epidemic, and so on ... Even the Calvinists, despite being described often as the "intellectual protestants" have an iconoclasm at the start of their history. But perhaps there is something I am missing.

[@justinludeman8424]

​@RobespierreThePoof I have read some of your comments. Your knowledge and moral clarity predicate a commendable outlook.

[@miltontc5433]

This is a very important lecture. Thank you, Dr. Abramson

[@bcfc18751]

Have been standing with Israel 🇮🇱 ever since 1982 when I worked on a Kibbutz 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿Proud Englishman who loves Israel ✡️🕎 Know the Truth!! ✝️🙏🏼😊

[@Benamon9]

❤❤❤❤❤❤❤from Israel 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿🦁

[@grahamfloyd3451]

I stand beside anyone who stands for truth. Here's a truth: the IDF has killed more than 7,800 children since October 7.

[@italianstallion389]

If you knew the truth you'd be calling them out.

[@User9681e]

Spread the truth and don't let UK get occupied by anti western ideologies like Islam

[@missc2742]

I've been critical of Israel ever since I saw how etheopians and arabs are treated in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. You should have visited the less "nice" neighbourhoods.

[@jerrybaird2059]

Outstanding discussion for which this (non-Jewish) listener is grateful.

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Thank you

[@m.a.p.g.]

The topic of the last few videos, however relevant and necessary, is very uncomfortable to watch. Humanity can be so dark, it’s emotionally overwhelming for me personally to witness what we’re becoming.

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Thank you for this thoughtful comment.

[@NetMensh]

The 7% increase in support for Hamas amongst 25-34 year olds is very worrying.

[@JonathanMoosey]

The support for Hamas in that age group is still in the minority but still worrying

[@Simon.the.Likeable]

They need to do their homework to see exactly who has benefited since Hamas has been there.

[@Mark-u5u6x]

Pro-Palistine (or pro-two-state solution)) is not the same as pro-Hamas. FOX does not consider there to be a difference.

[@JonathanMoosey]

@@Mark-u5u6x Palestinians are not interested in a two state solution. History has proven this. The Palestinians just want to wipe Israel and Jews from the face of the earth. The Israelis were the ones pushing for a two state solution with little progress. So enough of your gaslighting.

[@NetMensh]

⁠@@Mark-u5u6x​​⁠​​⁠The question asked in the Harvard Harris poll (not FOX) as shown in the video states; “In this conflict do you support more Israel or more Hamas?”. The question is asked twice. In the earlier poll support for Hamas amongst 25-34 year olds is 29%, in the later poll it rises by 7% to 36%. Therefore showing a 7% increase in support for Hamas. The question asked wasn’t “are you pro-Palestine?” Hope that helps.

[@RobespierreThePoof]

I didn't know that there was a historical difference between Anti-Semitismus and antisemitism, with the hyphen being something lost along the way. Personally, I prefer to use the term jew-hatred / Judemhaß. It robs Arab jew-haters of the opportunity to say "But we are semitic too!" which is nothing more than a distraction technique. I recommend everyone start making the shift back to *jew-haters" given that the primary locus of the problem now is in the Muslim world with the West being the secondary arena now.

[@Ricci.w]

Professor, thank you for your research and understanding of history. I am 1/2 Jew 1/2 German, but raised Christian. A walking contradiction. I am also a person of prayer and as such, I seek truth and balance in understanding and perspective. You always provide this with your lectures. I thank you. I will never truly understand the horrific unwarranted persecution of our (Jewish side speaking now) people. It breaks my heart. I do have a question, why do the Palestinian people tolerate hamas? Is it fear? Partnership with them? Thank you again for continuing to educate us. Psalms 122:6

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Thanks for the kind words. I'm trying to understand the reasons for the support as well, but I must note that it is not universal at all. Recent polls (hard to rely on them) indicate that support in Gaza is at about 37%, and there are many voices (mainly living safely in the west) who are openly critical.

[@italianstallion389]

Occupied people tend to flock behind extremists. Which is why isrealie funds hamas. This ends if either if Palestinians get their own country and the west bank settlers give that land back, or it becomes one country with equal rights for all.

[@RobespierreThePoof]

​That 37% figure, I believe, is from the same agency inside Palestine that also found around 80% support for the October 7 tactics. The contrast between the two speaks volumes. Hamas isn't that popular AS A GOVERNING party. But as a militant group that murders, r*pes and kidnaps J*ws? Apparently quite popular. This reminds me of an interview with a Gaza granny I saw once. She was asked why sweets were handed out to children after "martyr operations.". She saw absolutely nothing wrong with the practice. These are just a couple of the points of information which have entirely transformed my understanding of the conflict. I now feel foolish for not previously recognizing just how pernicious the political ideology at play in the Arab Levant really is. ​@@HenryAbramsonPhD

[@RobespierreThePoof]

​@@italianstallion389you really need to stop reading Iranian propaganda. Do you enjoy being manipulated?

[@michelles5439]

@@italianstallion389please don’t spread ignorance & foolishness. You’re only making the situation worse. Those territories are Arab occupied Israeli land. The fake Arab nationality of Palestinian was literally invented in 1964 by Arafat the first Palestinian, born in Cairo, Egypt.

[@N108funshow]

Shalom and be well

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

You too

[@willielee5253]

🇮🇱👑✨️Israel is for💙ever blessed✨️👑🇮🇱

[@kennbmondo]

Excellent presentation. Thank you.

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Glad it was helpful

[@beardeodorant7682]

Hi Dr. Abramson, I am a nineteen year old Jewish Zionist and I am proud of my heritage. Am Yisrael Chai!

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Am Yisrael Chai!

[@silkisnothere]

Just watched the lecture. Thank you for the videos, they have helped me learn a lot. Currently reading Benny Morris's "Righteous Victims" because of a recommendation from one of your other videos. Sending love from Istanbul.

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Thank you. I hope you find it useful!

[@--Skip--]

Thanks just doesn't cut it, Professor. I ❤ Israel, Israelis, the IDF, and all people of the BOOK. 🇮🇱🇺🇲🇮🇱🇺🇲🇮🇱🇺🇲🇮🇱🇺🇲🇮🇱🇺🇲🇮🇱🇺🇲🇮🇱🇺🇲

[@channahcastelobranco]

עם ישראל חי

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

אמן

[@ChristianPhilosemite]

God bless Israel. Never Again! Thank you for your enlightening videos, Mr. Abramson.

[@vicihuizinga8157]

Thank you once again- I learned a lot. You are an excellent teacher. Today raba:)

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Thank you

[@nancyfriedberg9516]

20 years of dawah in the us university system. What did anyone expect? Don’t look too closely at the Qatari money. Don’t look a gift horse in the mouth

[@RobespierreThePoof]

I love the fact that a pope resisted the blood libel slander. I never get a chance to recognize a historical pope actually doing something moral.

[@MitzvosGolem1]

the Pope Vatican recognized Palestine not Israel in 2015.

[@erdood3235]

@@MitzvosGolem1 why did you say that?

[@MitzvosGolem1]

@@erdood3235 Because evil church has also been against Israel since Salahadin Kurdish hero defeated Richard the lionheart christian crusader. He put us Jews back in Israel.

[@menaceofnorthmemphis]

​@@MitzvosGolem1the Pope kisses the feet of world leaders literally to look it up 😂

[@MitzvosGolem1]

@@menaceofnorthmemphis Child abuse rampant for centuries covered up by these people.

[@jasonrose6288]

You do important work at a critical moment.

[@jamestregler1584]

Thanks from old New Orleans !

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Thanks for listening

[@Mr.Patrick_Hung]

Respect from China, I stand with Israel

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Thank you!

[@ross3818]

Fairly, clearly, and well spoken.

[@itamarbendavid]

Shuhada is simply the plural of Shahid (martyr). Shahada is indeed one of the foundations of Islam, the testimony of faith. They named the square Shuhada.

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Thanks for the clarification

[@npgibson69]

"Martyr" is not really a great translation of Shahid. Like Hebrit, Arabic is based on triple consonant roots that can be modified into a noun, verb or adjective, etc. The root sh'h'd' means something like testimony. Thus the testimony that there is only one God. It can also be used for legal testimony, or documents like a diploma or certificate. There's probably not an exact English translation for Shahid, maybe "witness" would be a good interpretation. BTW, rasul doesn't mean prophet either, as it's usually translated. The word for that is nebi. Rasul means something more like messenger or apostle. This is a key distinction in Islam.

[@commenceun]

​@@npgibson69 because Rasul comes from the same word of message, literally. 👍

[@TR-if7yr]

At about 6 minutes you said Israel controlled all the borders of Gaza What about the Gaza Egyptian border? It appears that the Gaza Egyptian border has been The Most Important border in terms of the growth of Hamas as a ruling organization and military power. I don't know why you have left this aspect of the Gaza enterprise out of the discussion. It seems very relevant.

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

You are correct, Egypt controls the southern border.

[@WUB0105]

Hamas has tunnels going from Gaza into Egypt, so how much they control it is a sort of definitions question

[@RobespierreThePoof]

​@@WUB0105 Egypt's relations with Israel are very frequently misrepresented. This includes the way the tunnels into Gaza are discussed. In fact, Egypt has been quietly collaborating with Israel to contain Hamas and islamists within Gaza. It destroyed multiple cross-border tunnels. It dug a trench. Since October 7th, they have resisted opening the border or welcoming refugees. Egypt has had free-flowing diplomatic backchannels with Israel for decades - ever since Israel returned Sinai to Egypt. The Egyptians just aren't very loud about it because they do not want to rile any Islamists within Egypt. The government actively fears an Islamist coup in Cairo. So they quietly fight Hamas.

[@kukypul]

You’re brilliant, thank you 🇮🇱🧡🎗️

[@nancyapple7631]

Dr Abramson, it would be interesting to see any statistics on antisemitism from 67 and 73. I realize you may have been partially sheltered growing up in a small town up north, but I remember cemetery desecrations and threats of letter bombs in Southwestern Ontario. Iirc, that was back in the day when Jewish communities, including my hometown of London, still produced yearly blue books…just wondering if that heralded the end of the public directory of members of Jewish communities?

[@donna_sharon]

So glad I found your channel, a dispassionate view of history and what is going on right now. Many thanks!

[@tikipharm5957]

Who made real tunnels to move around? Hamas, not the Jewish people.

[@Maryculligan]

To the those who are concerned about civilian deaths: what about the Nigerian Christians, the Somali massacres, Sudan? CNN , BBC are unfair in their reporting. CBN - Christian broadcast network - gives reliable news.

[@Anna-dg9kp]

Thank you, professor. May your work help to alleviate the suffering of ignorance in this world.

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Amen!

[@Nancy-mi3xe]

Country 1948 Today Algeria 140,000 50 Morocco 265,000 2000 Tunisia 150,000 50 Yemen 55,000 50 Syria 40,000 0 Egypt 75,000 40 Libya 38,000 0 Iraq 150,000 7 Turkey 20,000 100 From Jewish Population in Arab Countries.

[@WUB0105]

think the numbers might be lower, actually

[@MrGrdnrmn]

Dr Abramson is an authority on the history Israel and has really helped shape my outlook since October 7.

[@karlschreiber9286]

Youth will change later their opion to learn the truth.

[@joanhuffman2166]

CRT pushes the idea that the dividing line between good and evil runs between groups. They push the idea that people are either oppressed or oppressors. This inevitably results in unjust judgments. The reality is that Dostoyevsky is right. The dividing line between good and evil goes right through the human heart.

[@terryfox9344]

Professor, thank you for this thoughtful and informative presentation. I think that in the short run, the term Jew hatred better describes the current situation than Wilhelm Marr's "antisemitism". As a simple son of Noah, I have never been able to understand the historically ever present Jewish "self-hatred". I am intrigued by your developing 5th version of Jew hatred that you label as "anti-Israelism". In your 4th version of Jew hatred, the Jew could not cease being a Jew by renouncing his religious Judaism, since it was a racial theory. So, will the Jew be able to "fit in", by becoming a "token Jew", and therefore, a "good" Jew, who hates all Jews who support Israel? Perhaps, this is yet to be determined, but if were Jewish, I would think this hope would be desperate. The track record of the Left's "useful idiots" does not give one hope for the future of such people.

[@MehWhatever99]

Thank you. Well put.

[@BernadottesGhost]

“They tried to kill us. We survived. Let’s eat.“ Doesn’t this keep happening? Is it destiny or something that education will change?

[@HeilIsrael]

It’s 1 billion Muslims playing on the sidelines.

[@BernadottesGhost]

@@HeilIsrael and before that Germans and Spanish and French and British and Russians and Egyptians and Babylonians…

[@mahirarubaiya3052]

it's maybe gods plan

[@MartinU4179]

Am loving your lectures. Just a small correction- maybe because it hadn't fully been established yet when you filmed this- You said for the Gaza blockade, Israel was controlling all of Gaza's borders - however Egypt was controlling its border with Gaza- and we now know- not very well to the extent all munitions came through tunnels from Egypt. Therefore it wasn't in reality much of a blockade although Israel endeavoured on its own sides. Palestinians still managed to complain about what the Israelis didn't allow through as if that was making a difference.after open trade Egyptian border.

[@glennstempler9527]

Table of the Jewish population in Muslim countries In 1948, there were between 758000 and 881000 Jews (see table below) living in communities throughout the Arab world. Today, there are fewer than 8,600. In some Arab states, such as Libya, which was about 3% Jewish, the Jewish community no longer exists; in other Arab countries, only a few dozen to a few hundred Jews remain.

[@marjanwitteveen1688]

I came to Israel in 1967 as a Dutch Non jewish Volunteer. The 6 day war came and i Decided Not to leave my kibbutz yakum near natanja. Because Most people went to the army. The State of Israel planted a tree for me . I stayed for 2 years.,and Not 3 Months as planner. Well alrhough old my Heart is beating for israel

[@glennstempler9527]

Jews of Arabia before Islam Main article: Jewish tribes of Arabia Jewish populations have existed in the Arabian Peninsula since before Islam; in the north where they were connected to the Jewish populations of the Levant and Iraq, in the Ihsaa' coastal plains, and in the south, i.e. in Yemen. There were three main Jewish tribes in Medina before the rise of Islam in Arabia: the Banu Nadir, the Banu Qainuqa, and the Banu Qurayza. Banu Nadir was hostile to Muhammad's new religion. Other Jewish tribes lived relatively peacefully under Muslim rule. Banu Nadir, the Banu Qainuqa, and the Banu Qurayza lived in northern Arabia, at the oasis of Yathribu until the 7th century, when the men were sentenced to death and women and children enslaved after betraying the pact made with the Muslims[34] following the Invasion of Banu Qurayza by Muslim forces under Muhammad.[35][36]

[@Shakyaman]

26:25 I can say with high confidence that Japan has no anti- S...they are basically anti-everyone, while at the same time ferociously hungry to know EVERYTHING about the West primarily, and then the rest of the world. The fact that that book was translated only reflects their general curiosity of the outside world... Japan is a very inwardly reflecting society, but things are pretty boring for them also ( i mean low diversity in thought/high knowledge of each other/a reflexive identity in nearly all ways). Funny thing is, a foreigner's status is low, to say the least, despite a high sense of respect and awe...my two bits

[@psjasker]

Decent people are watching and are appalled - I truely believe most Americans stand with the Jewish people!

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Polls suggest you are correct.

[@italianstallion389]

They don't stand with the idf though.

[@victorydaydeepstate]

You conflate Zionism with the Jewish faith. Illogical. Propaganda.

[@victorydaydeepstate]

​@HenryAbramsonPhD I support Israeli citizens, I'm against my tax money being spent on foreign wars. If you don't support Mossad tactics... you're Hitler. Wrong. I'm a non-hyphenated American who is sick of the Government's debasement of currency by printing Money out of thin air which pays for Israeli weapons with an inflation inflamed lower standard of living for non-hyphenated American citizens.

[@Laurence1260]

Very insightful and helpful. Thank you.

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Glad it was helpful

[@glennstempler9527]

At the time of the Muslim conquests of the 7th century, ancient Jewish communities had existed in many parts of the Middle East and North Africa since Antiquity. Jews under Islamic rule were given the status of dhimmi, along with certain other pre-Islamic religious groups.[21] As such, these groups were accorded certain rights as "People of the Book". During waves of persecution in Medieval Europe, many Jews found refuge in Muslim lands,[22] though in other times and places, Jews fled persecution in Muslim lands and found refuge in Christian lands.[23] Jews expelled from the Iberian Peninsula were invited to settle in various parts of the Ottoman Empire, where they would often form a prosperous model minority of merchants acting as intermediaries for their Muslim rulers.

[@yehuditchannen5447]

Fascinating. Thank you Dr. Abramson! We will survive and triumph!

[@colinstorzbach6105]

Regarding the hostages that are alive, my theory is that to understand what's happening with them, you should look into the Japanese occupation of Korea during World War 2 and what was happening to the women of that territory to know what Gazans are doing with their hostages.

[@mattd.3418]

I can't express just how incredible Jean-Paul Sartres book is. Thank you for recommending it in one of your previous videos. I picked up a copy shortly after.

[@Sad_Bumper_Sticker]

It is heartbreaking and disturbing were live in times (again) that you Professor have to create such educational explanations as opposed to creating content on heartening religious truths. The rise in the acceptance of Anti-Semitic 120+ year old tropes and warped conspiracy theories is immeasurably troubling.

[@Viewer163]

This wave of antisemetism isn't only USA😮

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Sad but true

[@Annagrefberg]

I’m of Jewish origin, I actually had to relocate in may due to antisemitism in the area that I lived in. It’s real , it happens and it’s awful. I thank you Henry for this informative and helpful in depth video.

[@tikipharm5957]

anti-Semitism is alive and well in MN in hiring practices for Sabbath observers. All under the guise of Minnesota nice.

[@1BestCookie]

Your conclutiom as an historian is so jewish it makes me smile. All we hear from politicians is how the enimy is at fault and we must fight against them, in jewish history whenever there was a problem we looked at ourselves and tried to see hoe we got ourselves into this bad situation and how we can get out of it.

[@mydogsbutler]

Speaking as a secular, consider the possibility that both Hamas AND Lukid are taking extreme river-to-the-sea positions

[@Simon.the.Likeable]

The reason why there will be no resolution and why the stronger side will win. Interesting, isn't it?

[@dogbert52]

"Both siding" .... ued probably apply it to ww2 and ghengis khan

[@erdood3235]

​@@dogbert52if the whites, west and USSR, really cared about the Jewish Holocaust survivors, than there wouldn't be a state of Israel

[@mydogsbutler]

@@Simon.the.Likeable There is no way for either side to win. Even if far right Netanyahu ethnic cleansed Palestinians from the region as he wants, Hamas sorts would just keep up terrorist attacks in other countries. And other countries hostile to Israel would help. There is a solution like exists with all other conflicts.. compromise. The problem is to compromise both Hamas and Likud need to be out of the picture.

[@mydogsbutler]

@@dogbert52 Hamas are nuts but Netanyahu isn't exactly stable either. He claims anti-war college kids are like Nazis. He accuses human rights groups, the UN, and much of the planet of being antisemetic. He has Kahanists as ministers. A Kahanist murdered Rabin for trying to make peace with Oslo. Netanyahu was pushing illegal settlements and peddling river-to-sea maps even before Oct7. He gives speaches referencing Amalek. He's unhinged. That you pretend not to notice says more about you than me.

[@PM-4564]

I'm a republican, and from the left I sometimes hear statements like, "MAGA is a racist slogan, because when was america ever great for black people? You want to bring back the good old days of jim crow". Now the left wants me to believe that "from the river to the sea" is complex and requires nuance to understand, and it's certainly not calling for genocide.

[@mahirarubaiya3052]

ok cool but still when was america great ?

[@RalphFink-x3r]

Perhaps too late to ask a question, but is there any work being done to formulate a governing body for the Palestinians void of Hamas and the PA, post the war in Gaza?

[@RobespierreThePoof]

I have not seen reports of this in the Israeli press. The problem is likely that the PLO in the West Bank is corrupt and fairly unpopular. It also released a horrifically jew-hating statement after October 7 which referenced the infamous Gharqad tree myth. (A Hadith that calls for the execution of Jews.) Israelis of all political parties can be found complaining that there is no party in Palestine for Israel to work with. That's a fairly intractable problem. I suspect the solution will come from outside Israel.

[@Tamar-sz8ox]

This has been “ eye opening “ Keep up the great courses Sir

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Glad to hear it

[@Dg78421]

Fantastic lecture

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Many thanks

[@steadmanuhlich6734]

Professor, this was a very good presentation and I am glad you showed the many illustrations and also included that last point about the young Jewish woman who was a token Jew for the ProPal and what you explained about the setting/group there.

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Thank you

[@lordofmelon]

This is nothing more than historical revisionist ramblings. You say its not an apartheid bc they are citizens of pa, but then you also say pa has minimal authority. You also failed to mention 60% of WB is area C, under israeli control. In apartheid Namibia they set up governments of bandustans aswell, but its clear you havnt studied apartheid. You also said gaza is sovereign, but then also it is blockaded. Which one is it? Sovereign means you exercise control which is impossible if you are blockaded on all sided. This is why every country including the USA conciders the WB and gaza occupied territories. You are an apologist for crimes against humanity and the free people of the world will not allow the state of israel to continue its exploitation of the Palestinians.

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

"apologist for crimes against humanity." Seriously?

[@thewkovacs316]

i think you should read the original plo charter the land they currently claim as theirs, they clearly state in that charter to never become part of the state of palestine

[@WUB0105]

he actually said "technically sovereign", which is true, as Israel left and left the Gazans in charge. For close to 20 years. Puerto Rico is not sovereign, either. A lot of peoples doesnt have a sovereign state. To have a sovereign state is not a human right. To occupy land is not illegal, either, when won in a defence war, the general view is that it is legitimate. Everyone in the area understand that there is no way to give Hamas and the PA (in WB) a state. It would not work for Israel, and it would also be a catastrophe for the palestinians living there. Not only is it wrong to reward them for oct 7th, but they have not even mastered the level of self-governing they got. In the case of Gaza, tehnically full sovereignty, for all practical purposes.

[@karlschreiber9286]

Stupidness is allways looking for someone innocent to destroy. Dont worry. Be strong and healthy.

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

You as well

[@karlschreiber9286]

Thanks for respondung Dr. Abramson. Good to hear you

[@andrewcriscione]

Gen z may moderate a little, but by the age of 24 your political beliefs are fairly solidified statistically. Israel needs to decouple from the US, an obvious statement that shouldn’t even have to be made, yet it must be made again and again and again.

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Troubling thought.

[@MarcosElMalo2]

Why does it need to and how would it accomplish such a decoupling.

[@RobespierreThePoof]

My experience is that people tend to mature politically between their 20s and 40s, developing more nuanced political views.

[@andrewcriscione]

@@MarcosElMalo2 So that Israeli security is not dependent upon United States Midwest electoral politics and how many Arabs there are in Michigan. If any country on earth can figure out how to make a bullet, it’s Israel. I’m sure you guys will figure it out. But you better start figuring it out now, before you don’t have a choice.

[@walterbenjamin1386]

I have to brace myself to learn this history. I trust your teaching implicitly, Dr. Abramson. But this is difficult to hear. At 73 I am for the first time facing this. Thank you so much for your measured and kind approach. Comforting and illuminating.

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Thank you for the kind words.

[@victorydaydeepstate]

The Academia needs to be defunded

[@RobespierreThePoof]

You're on a university historian's KZbin channel.

[@_JJ_8]

Colonial europeans israelis/settlers more likely than not won't agree that Palestinians get justice and Freedom. (You are one them) That Palestinians should not have rights or a state. You also don't support that Palestinians live with europeans israelis in one state, with rights for all. And 2 state solution. Why? Please if decided to reply, reply with clear reply, not b.s replies that you are so good at.

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Offensive, rude, and totally wrong.

[@_JJ_8]

​@@HenryAbramsonPhD Again not a clear reply. Do you support the 1 state solution with equal rights for all or the 2 state solution? You will never reply to further prove /proof/ evidence that your first reply: was just A POUR.... THAT you're still way so good at.

[@bb1111116]

​@@_JJ_8 ​wrote; *”Colonial europeans israelis/settlers more likely than not won't agree”* * The ethnic background of most Jews in Israel is not European but of Mizrahi Jews. By the end of 1951, Mizrahi Jews accounted for 56% of all Jewish immigrants to Israel. - Mizrahi Jews, are descendants of the Jews who lived in North Africa and the Middle East. ​ @_JJ_8 wrote; *”Do you support … the 2 state solution?”* * The serious two state solution peace negotiations ended in 2001. There could not be an agreement about the right of return and the underlying desire by Arafat for a one state solution. * Israel tried releasing territory to the Palestinians. Gaza was given autonomy by Israel (except for control of airspace and trade) in 2005 which required the uprooting of all Israeli settlements there. - The Palestinians of Gaza have been at war with Israel ever since. It would be expected that any Palestinian state would act like Gaza has towards Israel. ​ @_JJ_8 wrote; *”Do you support the 1 state solution with equal rights for all”* * It is difficult if not impossible to create a Palestinian nation which has equal rights for all when the common tradition in the area is to deny equal rights of citizens. - Syria; 13% of Syria is Shia Muslim mostly of Alawites who dominate all the top government positions. About 500,000 people have died in the Syrian Civil War including over 5,000 children. This war has been going on for over 10 years up to the present day. - Turkey and the Kurds; it has been said that the Kurds are one of the world's largest minority groups without a state. Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey do not support an independent Kurdish state. Kurds and Turkey have been fighting each other for decades which continues. - Armenia and Azerbaijan; fighting between those ethnic groups and later nations over the control of Nagorno-Karabakh began in the late 80s and has continued into 2023. Ethnic Armenians have recently evacuated Nagorno-Karabakh. - Yemen; there is an ongoing civil war in Yemen which began in 2014. Over 1,200 children have died in the conflict so far. That is where Israel and the Palestinian enclaves exist. In that area with that behavior. The citizens of the nation of Israel have a democracy. But adding a group who wants to expel all Jews from that nation does not result in equal rights for all. The crises in the Middle-east/Asia Minor are tragic. Reading about the horrors of the various current wars in the area is nightmarish. It is a terrible reality.

[@bb1111116]

@@_JJ_8 ​; * The ethnic background of most Jews in Israel is not European but of Mizrahi Jews. By the end of 1951, Mizrahi Jews accounted for 56% of all Jewish immigrants to Israel. - Mizrahi Jews, are descendants of the Jews who lived in North Africa and the Middle East. * The serious two state solution peace negotiations ended in 2001. There could not be an agreement about the right of return and the underlying desire by Arafat for a one state solution. * Israel tried releasing territory to the Palestinians. Gaza was given autonomy by Israel (except for control of airspace and trade) in 2005 which required the uprooting of all Israeli settlements there. - The Palestinians of Gaza have been at war with Israel ever since. It would be expected that any Palestinian state would act like Gaza has towards Israel. * It is difficult if not impossible to create a single state Palestinian nation (that absorbs all of Israel) which has equal rights for all when the common tradition in the area is to deny equal rights of citizens. - Syria; 13% of Syria is Shia Muslim mostly of Alawites who dominate all the top government positions. The Syrian Civil War which keeps that group in power continues to the present day. - Turkey and the Kurds; it has been said that the Kurds are one of the world's largest minority groups without a state. Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey do not support an independent Kurdish state. Kurds and Turkey have been fighting each other for decades which continues. - Armenia and Azerbaijan; fighting between those ethnic groups and later nations over the control of Nagorno-Karabakh began in the late 80s and has continued into 2023. Ethnic Armenians have recently evacuated Nagorno-Karabakh. - Yemen; there is an ongoing civil war in Yemen which began in 2014. * Hamas reflects that behavior. The citizens of the nation of Israel have a democracy. But adding a group who wants to expel all Jews from that nation does not result in equal rights for all.

[@MarcosElMalo2]

@@_JJ_8 Your comment demonstrates your lack of historical knowledge of the area, Borge the history of the last 200 years and the last 1000. The problem with your historical ignorance becomes compounded when you try to apply a non-applicable historical framework like settler-colonialism. You get things turned around and upside down. Maybe you think that Native Americans are settler colonists. Because that’s what you are saying about the people of Israel.

[@geoffreydonaldson2984]

It’s not hard to get the impression that antisemitism is the handiest kind of bigotry-perhaps excepting misogyny in the longest view. However, all things considered, generalized antisemitism sparked by the Israel-Gaza conflict seems like amateur scraping the bottom of the barrel. Can todays’ extremist, neo-right desperation really manifest in another organized programme of racial/religious hatred? Unlike the antisemitism of, say, the Nazi regime, the kind of antisemitic reaction to the conflict we see today is distinctively trite and hackneyed, not deeply cultivated in Christological mythology like in the emergent-modern Europe nine decades and more ago. Then again, maybe today’s hyperbole warns of historical repeat. After all, we’re all astounded by the current devolution of social intercourse in so many ways: how quickly narratives, even patently false ones, can be advertised and tacitly believed by countless millions almost immediately. We’ve never had this omniscient carousel of bigotry-targets before. I sometimes feel like antisemitism simply has seniority and, because of that, other abominations of humanity are sidelined, though more vicious in terms of length of conflict and number of casualties. It’s the irrationality, the crazy dissonance that creates the fear demagogues thrive on. My wife, who is Jewish, has been feeling somewhat differently. She feels- for the first time in her eight decades of life-real fear since the Gaza/Israel conflict began. At first I tried to calm her: this is Vancouver, sweetheart, there are always protests around here -right now university students are protesting the Gaza-Israel conflict, but it could just as easily be against fish-farms, against logging old-growth, against First-Past-the-post, against safe-injection sites for street-drug users, &c. It took months to cool her off, probably because I never saw her like this before-but I had to learn something, too, probably something I’m not so swift at. She was rightly alarmed to see 24/7 police presence around the two synagogues just a few blocks away. Her fear started to escalate; I really tried not to blow it off as unreasonable but, after all, she is third generation atheist, indeed, her parents were card-carrying Canadian communists, and her family had little to do with Judaism except for ‘cultural events’-usually with a trade union bent. And she certainly doesn’t appear Jewish in any discernible way. But of course our granddaughter enjoys the secular activities at the local Peretz centre. I soon realized that this was the nucleus of my wife’s fear of rising antisemitism, such as it is here in BC. Antisemitism is so old, the basic narrative so ingrained that there is no distinction between religious and secular Judaism. Still, for a while I thought my wife’s anxiety was too emotional, too irrational. I eventually came to feel differently. Man!-it took a while but, finally, an acquaintance posted a poem that really helped us turn the corner: to crudely paraphrase, when somebody demands you stake all to support either Hamas or Netanyahu, you simply side with peace. This really helped us a lot. Now we can disapprove of both the antisemitic provocateurs which plainly infiltrate what should be a peaceful protest FOR peace, AND at the same time decry unnecessary police brutality toward university students who, in our country, should have a right to protest peacefully. Now we feel les agents provocateurs -the ‘River to the Sea’ agitators we see at many university protest camps -are proving themselves less and less effective the louder they get. In spite of the deep and darkest of histories the bigots try to reinvigorate, their audience is prone to change the channel much more quickly than audiences have ever been before. The hate, as loud as it is, doesn’t seem to be as penetrating as it used to be. It has become apparent to my wife and me that certain elements are trying to pick a fight any way they can: it hardly matters who is opposed to whom. Now I understand my wife’s initial fear and she my initial scepticism: the kind of antisemitism we see lately is-at least for the present-hackneyed and ham-handed, and likely to be as inspiring as graffiti. It’s disrespectful to compare this with the Shoah and the antisemitism that plagued Europe for centuries. Even at their strongest, neo-Nazis and Hamas are proving to be weak. We should be concerned if they gain strength, but until then-if it ever happens they do-, we need to stay rational, work for peace and, especially, reconciliation. Now we better understand that hatred can explode in any direction, that certain elements are trying to reignite antisemitism as terrible as it was nine or ten centuries ago in a politically, historically, and ethnically troubled continent. Ulterior motivations are more evident now than ever. How do I know she and I have met in the middle? Both life-long New Democratic Party supporters (not without difficulty, at times), we recently agreed to pen a joint letter to the federal NDP leader, Jagmeet Singh, to ask him to reel in some of his caucus who wear keffiyeh and other Palestinian regalia into the House of Commons and propagate what we find unhelpful rhetoric. I never-not for the many decades I’ve lived with and loved this woman-would have expected we would do something like this-we used to be very independent! In this sense today’s antisemitism has really shocked us into taking an unexpected course. But it has also awoken a sense of objectivity with respect peace and love amongst all people. Finally we made it, though we ache every day to see the war continue. We just pray-in our way-that peace happens soon. We feel part of a majority which some consider too quiet, too noncommittal. Thank you so much for your level-headed analysis of history-such a terrible one. We all need what you offer. Bless you. All the best, GSD (&FR)

[@michelepascoe6068]

Very informative and interesting, thank you. May HaShem continue to rescue you all from those who rise up to destroy you. Standing with you, always.

[@marilynmorris3855]

Thanks!

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Thank you for supporting the research!

[@juliam248]

Professor, what is your opinion on the Marxist ideology roots of this new form of antisemitism? I think it neatly explains the growth of antisemitism within the younger population and on college campuses in particular.

[@ArchieCastle]

❤️🇮🇱❤️✡️❤️🕎

[@eyalstatia]

Shabbat Shalom! thank you Henry for this enriching presentation.

[@vsb101]

God help your people. I hope the truth will win.

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Amen

[@maru4361]

Thank you thank you thank you

[@davidsavage6324]

Yom San Remo Day/ San Remo Day April 25 (but 6 Iyar is Hebrew anniversary and coincided this year with Yom HaAtzamut pushed up one day for a Double Independence Day!) - I don't know why it isn't included with Israeli High Holy Days of Memorial, Independence, and Jerusalem Day (which is also Memorial for Beta Israel) because as I've gathered from that Bar Ilan professor on Jews for Judaism and Jonathan Pollack on Machom Shiloh the significance of San Remo is at least 3 key things: A) Ottoman Turks heard the argument of their Arab coreligionists and Am Yisrael and decided to transfer the title deed of sovereignty to Am Yisrael! B) League of Nations made Balfour int. Law! C) when U.N. formed they made all League of Nation laws U.N. law!

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Interesting

[@sergiomartoni6041]

Good morning. Thanks for sharing this lecture. I have a proposition and I would like to know your opinion. Maybe I am wrong but I guess Hagia Sofia was an Christian Byzantine Church and now it is a secular Museum. In my opinion, the same should have happened with the Al Aqsa in Jerusalen and become a secular Museum or at least an Ecumenical Church

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Don't really have an opinion on that, sorry.

[@levantinian]

I’ve removed my previous comment which was admittedly rude. My apologies. I will listen more before possibly commenting again.

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Ok

[@54032Zepol]

Its ironic the campus protest got more attention than the actual conflict, they got what they wanted after all, all the attention.

[@Simon.the.Likeable]

Yes, a distraction like the destruction of the Iranian Consulate in Syria and its aftermath. It is "Look, over there!," a re-direction of the world's attention.

[@Maritza102]

thank you

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

You're welcome

[@saschaschnee44]

The KZbinr China uncensored just suggested a big financial support for the Pro-Palestinian from China.

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

China presents an unique challenge in this context, I understand.

[@Mark-u5u6x]

It is possible to be pro-Palestine, pro-Israel, anti-Hamas, and anti-Israeli extremism all at the same time. It appears the vast majority of the world thinks the same.

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

You are correct.

[@ColtraneTaylor]

👍✌

[@thewkovacs316]

what is "israel extremism"?

[@Mark-u5u6x]

@@thewkovacs316 The ICC and the majority of the countries in the UN seem to know what it is.

[@WUB0105]

it is also possible to not understand the situation in Israel-West Bank-Gaza, and not understand what pro-palestine means. Even if you are anti-Hamas, what about Fatah/PLO/Islamic Jihad? The PA have not managed to rule the West Bank, and have proved themselves to be incapable. That is why they dont do elections, and if they did, Hamas would probably win it. Like thewkovacs commented, when you address anti-Israeli extremism , if you claim that " the vast majority of the world thinks the same", that will depend on what "anti-Israeli extremism" means to the world. In the context, I wonder if you really mean ceasefire, or what? Israel is united on the Gaza war. The need for the war, the goals for the world, unites Israelis. They make the sacrifices, sending their young soldiers to war, some of them not returning. Young 19 -20 -21 year old young men (and some women)

[@maxsonthonax1020]

What's the deal with antisemitism?

[@WUB0105]

Free Palestine=from the river to the sea. Hamas does not want a two-state solution.

[@RobespierreThePoof]

It's strange how obvious this is to those of us who have actually been paying attention

[@Earlscourt33]

Young people want to be part of a movement or are afraid to be outside of the collective. Islamists have invested greatly in the area. Islam and Hamas know they are have no solid ground for their claims and as so invest even more heavily on deceit.

[@YaakovEzraAmiChi]

52:46 so is it right to call her? No respect for such a token

[@AshKhazJew]

I'm half way through this video, and you seem to have missed out the elephant in the room in the historic Jew hatred, Rabbi- Islam!

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Not a Rabbi, just a regular guy.

[@AshKhazJew]

@@HenryAbramsonPhD oh sorry Henry, my apologies.

[@frankdonatelli343]

"Not TECHNICALLY an aparthied" c'mon man.

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Correct. Listen to the whole paragraph.

[@commenceun]

Compare this to apartheid in South Africa, early US etc.

[@beardeodorant7682]

What’s going on in the West Bank is sort of Apartheid, but it does not justify October 7th

[@davidsavage6324]

That's ironic? Strange? That we were compared to a vulture in Jew hatred "antiart"(?) considering I recently heard from R. Ephraim Palvanov that the nesher is not eagle but the great bird of Eretz Yisrael is the griffon vulture I think it was- maybe it's just a coincidence

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

I don’t quite get what you are saying

[@davidsavage6324]

@@HenryAbramsonPhD like maybe it was a jab at our "great eagle" of prophecy and Scripture was actually a scavenger

[@MarcosElMalo2]

@@davidsavage6324 That’s an argument you have to develop if you think it’s plausible. Show your evidence and the counter evidence that led you to your conclusion.

[@seamusbyrne7820]

A fine presentation overall, although the first 25-ish minutes were not really a discussion on antisemitism per se and might have been better in a separate video. I did find the survey questions potentially misleading, because the questions asked related specifically to Hamas and not to the Palestinians as a whole, so the wording appeared to have been crafted in order to obtain a specific outcome. There may also have been a slight slip of the tongue, where I think you mentioned a picture as depicting Jews, and not Romans, carrying off looted articles from the sack of the Temple, but I'd need to go back trough the presentation to check. Nevertheless, after our chats on previous content, I was encouraged to see your acknowledgement that the Jewish protestors against indiscriminate murder in Gaza are acting fully in accordance with their Jewish faith, specifically in obedience to God's commandment not to kill. As with the other religious people around the world, it is a Jew's first priority to obey the will of God, unless I am mistaken? Politics rarely seem to represent the wishes of the people nowadays, so I would tend to separate religion and politics on that basis.

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

No one should justify indiscriminate murder. I do not believe that is the case with the IDF attempts to get the hostages back and destroy Hamas.

[@seamusbyrne7820]

@@HenryAbramsonPhD I'm glad that you made that first statement. What do you base that latter belief on? And as an historian, if Germans in the 1930s/40s based their beliefs only on the heavily-propagandised Deutsche Wochenschau and similar media, was it plausible that an unimaginable evil could have been wrought by their government on an innocent people, in the name of the German people, with nothing done to stop it? Are there any lessons that historians should be teaching us such that such a thing could never happen again? With the hostages, not being military myself, I don't understand how flattening an area with bombs is expected to deliver living hostages from that area. What measures are being taken to ensure the safety of those hostages? Also, how are the Hamas members being distinguished from the innocent civilians? I'd have expected the IDF to have a strong moral obligation to provide clear information as to safeguards used to avoid the killing of non-combatants, if what they are doing has moral intentions which are consistent with God's commandment not to kill. Can you point me towards this information?

[@erdood3235]

Religion being separated from politics is a new phenomenon. Religious institutions, like the Russian Orthodox church and catholic church, have been organs of political domination. The roc was the one that ordered Jews to be expelled from Russia in the 14th century, and when Russia conquered eastern Europe, called for the Jews in the conquered territories to be expelled, but Catherine the great compromised to just limit us to the pale of settlement.

[@Noyb-c9g]

Anti Zionism isn’t anti semitism

[@bennettbullock9690]

"Shahaadah" means not martyr, but "martyrdom" or "bearing witness." So in Islamic prayer, you chant "ashhadu an laa ilaaha ilaa 'llah", "I testify that there is no God but God". "shahiid" is "martyr" and its plural is "shuhadaa'."

[@jacovawernett3077]

Martyrdom does not mean to bear witness. L'chaim. God is my Father and rabbi. He spoke fifty sentences to me from above to my ear. ( I was born March 11th in Bethlehem 61 years ago. I just look young) His first nine sentences were 8.4.2015 in the morning. 11.17.2015, Eve Beach, Waikiki early evening. I couldn't find a book reading so I sat under the stars alone. God asked me, What side of the blade are you on. I answered answered, the side of the righteous my words are my sword. He then showed me my ascension to Heaven. He said, Make Israel one. You are anchor. His last sentence to me was four years ago after many months. He said, You are Princess Messenger of God. In Aramaic, Amira Malaka Elah. Shukrun for bearing witness. God is kind. Can you interpret God's sentence, "Make Israel one." Blessings to you. L'chaim

[@bennettbullock9690]

@@jacovawernett3077 I may have not been clear. In the Arabic language, it has acquired these two meanings. It acquired them from Greek, where "martyr" originally meant a witness (Greek oratory frequently addresses the "martyres") and then with Christianity, it meant someone who died for the cause. Through Syriac, this was mapped to the Arabic root "sh-h-d", where it obtains its current meaning. Although Arabic has this originally Greek/Christian double entendre, Hebrew does not. The word for "witness" in Hebrew is "'ed", as in the Talmud's "'edim zomemim", and the word for "martyr" is some derivation of the word "qadosh", "holy", although it does not necessarily mean someone who dies for a religious cause.

[@jacovawernett3077]

@bennettbullock9690 Thank you for clearing that up. Language is so fascinating. It tells so much about history. One of my favorite things is pointing out how God works thru people. 11.11.2015, Honolulu, Nimitz Highway, 18th floor in the morning. God spoke one sentence to me from above after weeks. He said, "You are rain. I walked out to the balcony, stretched my arms to the sky, and said, "It's time for a rainbow. Immediately, a double rainbow appeared beside the building and reached out to the Pacific Ocean. A neighbor lady I didn't know asked me, "How did you do that. I laughed and said, "I am not a solo act. God is not a solo act. No one is a solo act. A month earlier, I sent an Israeli couple to fly over Keanu Reeves grandmother's house to see a rainbow. When they returned, they told me they saw a halo rainbow over her house. They asked me, How did you know. I told them by the grace of God I just knew. Here's a doozy. 12 hours before the Gaziatep Turkey earthquake I was watching a video on AL Jazeera youtube about the Palestinians. I wrote that God said, Make Israel one. ( it means to bring peace and reconciliation between Jew, Christian, Muslim, cousins by Abraham.) A muslim brother answered, Jews and Christians will be humiliated by God. I answered, No. We are all God's children. No one sticks a metaphorical rock in God's throat. The priphat Muhammad knew this. Sometimes it feels like 500,000 Gazans are holding the world hostage. The earth will quake. And it did quake. It killed about 40,000 people of the muslim religion.

[@jacovawernett3077]

@bennettbullock9690 by the way, when God said, "You are anchor. My birth last name appeared behind my eyes. A t spun around and made an anchor. I didn't know what it meant symbolically. No one I asked knew, so I researched. It's the symbol of Christianity before the crucifix. I didn't grow up under Wernett. I grew up under my stepfather's name. Families are always complicated. Take Abraham, for example. He brought Isaac to be sacrificed and jealousy exploded.

[@paulholland932]

Shalom and Likium

[@Jasn_Chvz]

Thank you professor.

[@thewkovacs316]

eisav soneh l'yaakov

[@fortunatomartino8549]

And the pity goes on and on But not for the 10's of thousands of Palestinian dead

[@TM-100]

*Really incorrect. But they need to find leaders who truly want their good.*

[@MarcosElMalo2]

@@TM-100 The victors here are the Iranians who directed Hamas to attack Israel on October 7th, and then withdraw to defensive positions among the Gazan civilian population. Iran is expending Palestinian lives like bullets against Israel, to make the world hate Israel.

[@maxsmart99]

💯

[@channahcastelobranco]

🇮🇱🇮🇱🇮🇱🇮🇱🇮🇱🇮🇱❤️🇮🇱

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Am Yisrael chai

[@clifb.3521]

i was hoping for a more thoughtful presentation 🌲 I hope peace returns to the region soon

[@TM-100]

What did you have in mind? Sounded thoughtful to me 🤷🏼‍♀️

[@TM-100]

All the slogans don't advance peace 🕊️

[@clifb.3521]

@@TM-100 i felt the information presented was one sided, & lacked conflicting information & was generally incomplete

[@clifb.3521]

@@TM-100 I dont know what your comment means

[@rickyholderadler6045]

Thank you as always. Brilliant. 😊

[@HenryAbramsonPhD]

Thank you. Difficult topic.