The risks and benefits of neutering dogs - Part 8 - Joint disease

[@VetLessons]

A University of Pennsylvania study showed that overfed Labradors had a 5-fold higher incidence of hip dysplasia, a significantly higher risk of osteoarthritis in multiple joints, and a significantly shorter lifespan - pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11110459/

[@VetLessons]

The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals - ofa.org/chic-programs/browse-by-breed/

[@VetLessons]

A University of California study assessed the relationship between neutering and joint disease, cancer and urinary incontinence in 35 pure breed dogs - pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32733924/