Why do buildings fall in earthquakes? - Vicki V. May

[@ghassensmaoui6060]

0:54 That lollipop frequency model animation made everything clear ! hats off to those who made it

[@luqcrusher]

Ghassen Smaoui Totally agree. Much easier for me personally to visualize it rather than to have the theory explained in words.

[@mtark9988]

You can watch the video "Resonance: a perfect experiment" to see it in real life. Its on youtube.

[@ricardofrias4068]

The single degree of freedom model. It’s how engineers learn about it

[@miao3050]

"How to not animate faces?" *Cover them with umbrellas.*

[@Stinkybutt44]

nice

[@kyleawesome8731]

lol

[@laplantaquesetirounpeov8476]

lmao

[@cornflakeSmuggler]

Kinda looks like Edna Mode..... NO CAPES

[@victordwyer1018]

Lol

[@rohinisharma4974]

3:33 when my fav song comes on

[@Neyobe]

Lol

[@brainboxanky1729]

😂

[@EleanoraElectra]

As a person from a country which constantly shaking by big earthquakes and we had another one recently, i felt great anxiety when I watched the dancing building left and right.

[@kimberbauer1064]

I felt the same thing and I even had to fast forward and I’m from Turkiye too 😢

[@WaadeT_]

Only when there is a disaster, such issues become the agenda, and no one else thinks about it. The saddest part of our country is that after 1 month, the majority will forget and everyone will continue their normal life. There will only be a memorial service once a year and it will continue like this. Same things for years.

[@theexplorer_31]

I am from diyarbakir. Believe me, I experienced the shaking of our apartment which has 11 floors. I thought this is the end. Luckily, Our apartment didn't collapse

[@ssen594]

I was too horrified and curious after watching videos of yesterday's devastating earthquakes in Türkiye and Syria, especially watching buildings collapse and being brought down to debris. Now I know the science behind it, thanks a lot to your wonderful explanation...🙏 Respect from India.

[@salmatv6716]

من فضلك أخبرني عن السبب لأنني لم أفهم من الفيديو

[@TheCip93]

What's with the umbrella ?

[@jxffxry]

It's either a reference or a way to get around having to draw faces.

[@Dysputant]

***** Only Mohammed clones where in this animation.

[@Catalistic]

Because they live in a place where building collapsed everyday.

[@BonelessBen]

just in case in case it rained

[@612Tiberius]

They're really big fans of Wile E. Cyotoe.

[@armynso]

That explained why my sand castle collapsed.

[@leonardodalongisland]

+armynso Not really. Although I didn't see your sand castle as one who spent a few years doing it professionally I can say, "Compression" was the reason. Lack of significant compression is the demise of most every sand sculpture above 12-or so inches. see you at the beach!

[@joshuachhakchhuak1097]

+Leonardo Artist or a kick

[@leonardodalongisland]

Indeed, a kick, or two would also be the cuase

[@TheElvisnator]

it's even collapsing at 1-2.9 earthquake

[@ryansheffield364]

This Post deserves more likes

[@MalaysianTropikfusion]

It's official: This is by far the coolest lesson you guys have come up with.

[@pew36]

cheers man

[@siddikasultana7295]

Y'all alive?

[@iAndroidRICK]

They have umbrellas because buildings are falling down. It's a silly way to represent protection from a falling building.

[@silvermcgallon]

Actually, (I'm assuming they're Chinese from the writing on the billboards) they're holding umbrellas to protect them from the sun.

[@themaximusfactor7849]

Silver Mcgallon is it Chinese? Or is it Japanese? I know it's not Korean because I speak a little

[@silvermcgallon]

Oh yeah, that's Japanese, sorry. But the climate there is pretty similar, so I'd assume the same thing.

[@tofu6735]

I think it's because they had a hard time animating the faces so they used umbrellas.

[@tofu6735]

@@silvermcgallon but they were INSIDE

[@dhavalvasaiya2986]

This guys covered majority of "Earthquake engineering" subject in just 4:51 mins. Good job

[@LittleB2007]

I wonder why all the signs on those Japanese buildings say "図書," which means "Books." lol

[@patrickchoe425]

lol true. It would be more appropriate if they were 本屋 or something.

[@kylechristensen3326]

I don't know any Japanese

[@ayup3907]

Hm

[@JustSome1]

*B o o k s .*

[@NimbusMcbuttsecks]

There's a story about an architect who built a library but forgot to account for the weight of the books. The library would sink a few inches annually.

[@chanyy6838]

3:41 より安定した未来を構築する “Build a better future”

[@pojcharapoltosukowong]

I cannot stop laughing at Godzilla. XD

[@dancingecho3864]

I spotted him too.

[@Nico-ex4tn]

hes like i see u!

[@wallahhabibiiii]

pojcharapol tosukowong where is he

[@expbot1905]

Godzilla cannot stop laughing at you.

[@zazaeater43]

@@wallahhabibiiii 2:50

[@athrixxs]

3:25 well I can die in peace knowing that there IS a building made of jelly

[@a_randomperson3044]

Athrixx oh so u were the guy under the dancing building

[@TulilaSalome]

What I learned today: Size and stiffness matter. (check please!)

[@jsmithadil93]

TulilaSalome Mass and stiffness.

[@mrlordsaif5708]

I interpreted that the wrong way

[@haivuhong5221]

Mass and stiffness. Its relevant to natural frequency of building

[@mavila1368]

Did the animators not have the budget for faces or...?

[@pew36]

i can assure you the umbrellas were not quick

[@leerman22]

Maybe they wanted to protect themselves from debris :P

[@YoHoOMirster]

+leerman22 Idk what idiot would use a umbrella while taking a bath

[@leerman22]

мisteг Rㅇьloχiдп Loony Toons?

[@YoHoOMirster]

leerman22 there's that. but

[@kartikshinde7789]

The last line killed it!!! It was perfect.

[@vickmackey24]

Would a building shaped like a dome or pyramid/trapezoid be more resilient to these vibrations?

[@rojasbdm]

Well it essentially depends on the internal structure of such building. You may be thinking about designing buildings that are not so slender. Just consider the growth of cities and the increase in the cost of the terrain. If well designed, a slender building will always be the most economic solution.

[@omerodabasi]

This is yet again somewhat related to the natural frequency of the structure(pyramid type of structure) and the exciting(earthquake) frequency. An earhquake might posess any forcing frequency depending on the circumstances. Therefore, since a pyramid type of structure will lkely to have a relatively low natural period in both of its orthogonal directions due to its rigid nature, it will undergo serious shakes under influence of low period earthquakes whereas it will be less affected by those out of phase. This is the simplest answer I can provide as a msc. earhquake engineer. However it is nearly impossible to say whether some particular sections of the pyramid would collapse or not without knowing the actual structural system. This applies to every case. Hope it helped ^^

[@1starshot]

The city I live in they had to spend millions a few years ago on a structure called 'Gravelly Hill Interchange' (Spaghetti Junction to Brits) to replace the pads between the motorways (freeways if you're American) and the pillars holding them up because of (vehicle) vibration causing cracks. So I don't think any structure is immune, might be more resilient but not entirely immune. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravelly_Hill_Interchange

[@christiansukitch3592]

Lol Godzilla is just shaking the buildings hahaha

[@felixyes1911]

HAHHAHA so funny hahahahha

[@silkthyme]

why are there japanese subtitles???

[@baekyeol6455]

Most earthquakes happen in California, or Japan. Maybe because earthquakes in Japan are stronger, plus tsunamis.

[@Akryaaa]

+xLanzoMC ;3 The capital of earthquakes is Chile , is on the top 1 of the most sismic countries (Sorry for bad english)

[@yeiiful]

Maybe because Japan is really good at structural engineering

[@EarendilStar]

Japan has been dealing with AND recording earthquakes longer than just about any one civilization, thus they've also engineered around it well.

[@iseytheteethsnake6290]

@@EarendilStar ignore mesoamerica

[@pjmsparkle5104]

Never thought Ted-Ed would be helpful with school work [ I’m from Japan ] but here we are Also I see what you did with all the building signs 図書 means library which I guess would mean stories as in “how many stories tall”

[@devins7457]

I have the strangest phobia. At 3:30 when the building began the wobble It's made me tense up and become frightened. So much so I had to pause the video and skip it. Anyone know why I had this reaction?

[@nrous1717man]

Probably because the way the building is moving is strange and unusual, and something you would not see in in real life. However, since it's being compared to what could happen in real life, you are probably imagining a real life scenario of you in a city witnessing a building moving in a very strange and unusual way. This probably causes you to feel like you are losing sense of reality, and you feel as if you cannot differentiate between what is reality and what is fiction. This loss of control is probably causing a panic attack. Just my best guess

[@sWifteruniTe]

had the same feeling , somehow it is because of weird dreams where something becomes big and small and its sooo frightening i hope u get the answer (commenting hoping for a good answer from some1)

[@devins7457]

sWifteruniTe YES! that's exactly what I was trying to say! Happy someone else felt it as well.

[@Nekomajin]

i thought it was just me xD

[@oliwiereb]

Forms it wobbled so much it looked funny.

[@linysirenfirebuff4786]

Why are they wearing umbrellas?

[@leonardodalongisland]

+Lucas Wahnon My question also. Those asians are odd people.

[@jogabonito8989]

It's a reference to Hayao Miyazaki's "My Neighbour Totoro" I think

[@ashleynicolleteful]

+Leonardo Artist What Do You Mean Were Odd??

[@wyliehom8050]

they're not wearing them. They're holding them. And they might be holding them because it's hot outside

[@thepencilcunts]

Do you mean bright, Because putting soda under an umbrella will shade them, but it sure as fuck wont cool them.

[@mayrostyrannos9495]

you said that engineers design current structures in order to avoid resonance but the concept of resonance is rather obsolete because ground motion is not deterministic but probabilistic and irregular, we cannot predict it like we do in a typical sinusoidal motion (like machines). Every ground motion has different period and it is practically impossible for an engineer to select the correct eigenperiod for a structure to avoid resonance period. Nowdays engineers use response spectrum, a graph that shows the maximum accelaration response of a structure with respect to its eigenperiod, a probabilistic concept. So in the earthquake of Mexico, tall concrete buildings didn't collapse because engineers used large concrete vertical walls(>3m) in the perimeter of building in order to avoid large torsional vibration of storeys, placing the proper reinforcement for joints giving them high plasticity that had damped efficiently seismic energy even with large but acceptable cracks and damages without catastrophic shear failures. Also eigenperiod period is not constant during earthqauke since buildings generally do not respond elastically, as a result every damage or crack in a joint (beam-column connection) would make the structure less stiff increasing thus its eigenperiod, this is another reason why the concept of resonance fails.

[@derrickfoo8882]

Oh my god

[@tdi9326]

in another term... mechanical machine vibration is far more easier than... those ground vibrations when... earthquake comes

[@zoltankurti]

That's really smart and all, but nowhere near the biggest problem with the video. They got the relation between stifness, mass and frequency wrong. The period is proportional to the square root of the mass, same with frequancy and stifness..

[@lvseka]

Flexing

[@kayliee5908]

"It's not the sturdiest buildings that will remain standing it's the smartest ones" well that caught me off guard

Earthquakes are the most terrifying phenomenon I've ever experienced. I felt like I wasn't going to make it every time they happened.

[@gj20lkk8776big]

Why increasing stiffness will add up their vibrational frequency?

[@CryzVoid]

how long did it take for you to render those collapsing building.

[@jeffrey1714]

3:34 that is NOT how that works!

[@sarahcampbell9729]

I know but I looks funney

[@xxxXLopesXxxx]

Of course the amplitude of the movement is exaggerated in this animation to help people visualize better how tremors cause oscillatory motion.

[@mrmr3376]

EnderMCx then show us how does it work

[@davidbolygozus6949]

Pedro Lopes

[@jastordilloriwaycebu849]

Tell us the reason of earthquakes without the vid

[@hatimhatim2008]

low frequncy for taller building, high frequncy earthquake for smaller building which frequncy have most earthquake had the most? and you mention about soil type and other factor, what is that? is therr any referance i can read?

[@darkbf8493]

This is incredibly well explained. Nice job.

[@gilthenrill1024]

I love how pretty much everyone is holding an umbrella for absolutely no reason

[@jacquietimms3075]

This is why I take Physics in school. Underneath all the complex math stuff... there's more complex math stuff, BUT UNDER THAT, there's practical and cool knowledge like in this video.

[@yellowstarproductions6743]

Cool

[@angelaburton7741]

Made me learn more than school. Love you TED-Ed.

[@hyysonin]

they couldn't draw anime faces so they covered them with umbrellas genius.

[@ummruqayyah3104]

What's the significance of those umbrellas?

[@Ivan-yq4oq]

What was the whole umbrella thing about?

[@Mahawyonlinetv]

مين جاي بعد زلزال 2023 😢🤕🙏🏻💔

[@christiangab1227]

Thank you for sharing why do buildings fall in earthquakes you are truly awesome and wonderful ^^

[@20.moh.nizarnugrahaadi61]

Everybody gansta until the building start dancing

[@deikos3912]

also, what happened during 1985 cd mx's earthquake das wat scientists call "mexico city effect": mainly by the soils composition, which is like jelly, because it was originally a lagoon, making the sismic waves to be more destructive than what they would hace been supposed to.

[@adriandumitrascu4292]

in most cases buildings fall due too much corruption

[@tttyuhbbb9823]

...to...

[@dark_angel6226]

Yep.....im watching this after a 3 DAY aftershock here in philippines

[@m4ttii_]

same

[@wrongparadoxscience1485]

Who else came here after the earthquake of 6th February 2023 (day before yesterday)? I came here to learn about the facts how buildings collapse so easily in earthquake

[@jamayetuddinahmed3713]

Hey Pew36 what software you used for the animation. The animation you made is awesome. I love the umbrella man. :)

[@dornixrex2818]

4:21 so the longer one ipunder the floor makes a building move more or less?

[@njorok7368]

Amazing, short buildings we're collapsing leaving long ones standing in turkey

[@factidraw]

Best narrator on KZbin.

[@capasi5380]

Here after Turkey Syria earthquake 😞

[@ssen594]

same... i am horrified seeing the videos of buildings there collapse like house of cards😔

[@capasi5380]

@@ssen594 :(

[@thetravelengineer_]

Beautiful explanation

[@lupitarecendez3830]

What happens to suspension bridges in earthquake's

[@RO-rc8jl]

Great work and analysis on Mexico earthquake! it possible to make the same analysis on the last mass earthquake in Turkey? The shake was really heavy and also it was an earthquake that was 7km deep. What does that say?

[@jenkar5716]

KZbins algorithm is working fine.

[@caloyp4474]

very good presentation.

[@rifatahmmed6496]

Im here after my home collapsed in turkey 🇹🇷

[@scooploops]

8th Feb 2023 📍 turkey

[@handlewastaken]

Funny how i didn't notice the umbrellas on their faces until 3:57

[@Prygon]

Why does everyone have an umbrella.

[@moopymaster283]

what if u upside down during Earthquake does that give you Aids

[@ryu5141]

Would it be possible for us to create a nepali Voice-over version of this. No credits will be changed, only subtitled/voice overed in Nepali. We think it would be an amazing teaching tool given the recent earthquakes in Nepal. Thanks!

[@UtsavMaden]

what about the licencing aspect?

[@nhasalajoshi2973]

if ownership of voiced over video is given to TED, there won't be any problems.

[@lidulkadut]

No

[@chasemcdingleberg4164]

Just do IT dont ask, thats how you get chaught

[@aggieraz]

Who calls it a lollipop model ? It is a lumped-mass model. Additionally, stiffness is not largely a matter of height. The stiffness of the overall structure is driven by the stiffness supplied by the individual columns and the restraints that the beams provide, that make up the full structure (therefore, no one particular variable "largely" drives the design, but fine tuning the following determines the functional stiffness: end restraints, member length, sectional moment of inertia). Additionally, structural stiffness is just part of the equation for the overall response that we see; soil structural interaction drives the seismic response too. All of this becomes less important once you utilize tuned mass dampers, or base isolation systems. I would simply withdraw the emphasis on height on structural response, but everything else discussed in the video is acceptable.

[@dpi3353]

+reaz mohmed Actually think of the building as a cantilever beam (just like the lumped model) you will see how high is the influence of the building height to its stiffness.

[@prfm_setya95]

I love the reference SO MUCH

[@Sima.Chakrabarty]

What kind of building is that 3:33

[@derpythecookie2185]

This is amazing, umbrellas...

[@trthemaverick981]

That means stiffer building have high rates of collapse ??

[@vamsipericherla6106]

Is there a way to overcome natural frequency with respect to the earthquake frequency

[@Ral9284]

The safest buildings would be the ones that could control and adjust their resonance frequency to avoid the earthquake's resonance frequency. #Earthquake #Resonance #Frequency #SmartBuildings

[@ilghiz]

Umbrellas are a very bad metaphor for protection in this video. It took some effort to focus on the main points rather than on those silly umbrellas. You can't see what's falling on you and run away when an umbrella covers more than half of your view field, and covers the part where the falling objects come from. Please be more careful about choosing your metaphors.

[@TheMegaxPlus]

No, the animator just didn't wanted to do faces

[@nerdoxgaming2632]

I swear this channel makes me grow brain cells

[@qureshisiddig9274]

So informtive 🌹

[@MohammadBidari]

great video. learn more about earthquake effects on buildings than a 30 hour course in university.👍

[@NK-iy6if]

God bless you! This was very helpful and interesting.

[@jimespera9031]

best animation ever

[@triangulum8869]

So the *resonance* in those buildings in mexico city *cascaded* causing them to fall huh?

[@SussyBacca]

Can you do a video on why this animator hid the faces with fricking umbrellas? That was annoying.

[@f.bayquineliseob.2084]

Considering that, engineers could really design buildings that can withstand intensity 10 and beyond. But thats only the for substructure and superstructure. That's only half of the story. Another critical thing is the earth beneath a building's foundation which we only have limited engineering technology to make it resilient to quakes (piles and compaction). No matter how adoptive the building is against quakes, when the earth it is resting on is severly disturbed by quakes, damages occur.

[@Champitoinwonderland]

I love TED-Ed but I don't like how the subtitles in Japanese in the video are badly written just as if they had put the text into Google Translate...

[@akan626]

Why do people live in buildings and not houses?

[@mranderson9]

Tesla knew this wave principle very well , for fun one day he used a small weight and motor to generate a standing wave in a tall 20 or so story building, causing it to sway dangerously. The principle being that at the right frequency even the smallest forces can be amplified to a power of mass destruction Tesla earth quake machine.

[@zoltankurti]

That's a lie. In every natural structure there is a dampening effect which gives an upper bound to the amplitude of resonance, no matter what frequency Tesla used.

[@noradlark167]

@@zoltankurti Still, you may actually achieve with a strong enough machine.

[@zoltankurti]

@@noradlark167 irrelevant. My point is that "even the smallest forces can be amplified to mass destruction" is not true.

[@DoubleM55]

In 2020 we've had 2 major earthquakes near Zagreb, Croatia. First was practically directly under the city with magnitude 5.5 and 5.3 aftershock. Second was in December about 50 km away with magnitude 6.4. I was wondering why my 8-story building suffered almost no damage and my friend's 4-story building did in the first quake. But in the second quake my building suffered much more than my firend's shorter building. (Our buildings are very close to each other) I guess this explains it, it has to do with resonant frequency.

[@tmgprem]

Earthquake is coming to visit us regularly in Nepal. Well, the aftershocks they say. I dont know when its gonna end.

[@seebreannarowdscrosshere6312]

1. Fear the Lord. The One True Living God. Know His Son Jesus Christ. 2. Love the Lord with all of your heart, soul & mind. 3. Study His Word. Repent and sin *NOT.* 4. Believe 5. Pray often 6. Help others 7. Be not afraid!!!

[@Julian-of3qj]

3:05 ummm... nope, stiffness and natural frequency are NOT proportional to one another. The natural frequency is proportional to the square root of the stiffness.

[@theyeetking2175]

What’s with the umbrellas?

[@surajtiwari2614]

Went over my head! Can't you put it simpler!

[@AndieBlack13]

Why do buildings fail in Earthquakes? Seen the collapse of the second tower of 9/11 ? One floor of the building was compromised, the upper floors accelerated ONE floors worth & the structures couldn't support the rest of the building. Notice how demolition of buildings is typically done? They compromise one floors worth so that the whole of the upper structure moves to "replace" the missing bottom floor...Concrete is perhaps the worst material to use in construction...rebar is used to "reinforce" the utterly poor performance of bending forces...check the stress forces of concrete compared to virtually everything else...it is used because it is vastly cheaper to build than with anything else. Build your three-story home with 300mm stainless-steel tubing with Aluminum panels in & out, cross-braced inside...you would die of internal injuries before the building would fail.

[@thatisalll]

0:47 to 1:07 is very satisfying!

[@yoyo3130]

Make a video on shrila praphupad!!

[@MsSBVideos]

And don't forget, very tall buildings often have giant pendulums inside the building, not under it.

[@michaeljacobdelossantos]

Yes, like the pendulum Taipei 101 in Taiwan, which is located in the top part of the building.

[@zad904100]

Why are we forced to live in small apartments in poorly constructed buildings anyway? That's a real question. Why are we not able to build our own house?

[@jimsagubigula7337]

You are, if you have the money to do so.

[@BritskNguyen]

Anybody please explain to me why there are umbrellas and Japanese scripts in this video?

[@pew36]

stylistic choice, i am a fan of pachinko machines

[@dave5194]

Interesting, I knew that mimicking the natural resonance of a wine glass can cause it to shatter. I never knew similar things would cause buildings to collapse.

[@allwerasking]

Great! At 61 I realize just how much I do not know!

[@hersit1]

Great job

[@iameuropean5301]

3:15 I don't think that in Mexico city, buildings have japanese writings

[@IamKeshavKumar]

Nature is above all.

[@samer537]

This video ignores a very important factor: your chance of surviving in a 2 or single floor house is far greater even if in collapses. And your chance of getting rescued from under rebel of that building is also far greater. I mean, think what are your chances of surviving if you are in the first floor of six floor building that collapses over your head? And how much heavy concrete needs to be moved to pull you out!!!

[@thebookworm3930]

This saved my life for a science PPT I had to do.

[@paulsunday7688]

Would it be logical to use a tall, slender tree say a palm tree sahken by heavy winds to illustrate & better earthquakes?

[@bachtruongjdmdiecast6821]

Nice umbrella

[@ingridhay8932]

whats with the umbrellas?