Carnitine Shuttle and Fatty Acid Transport Into Mitochondria

[@miss_medico91]

Now this was the quality content,what to say and much in such a beautiful manner. Thank you!💞

[@1ruoz1]

This list is so underrated. I'll make sure to share it as much as I can

[@wondersofchemistry]

Thank you!

[@faithful...reminders]

Beautifully explained ❤

[@fbguy1990]

Thank you. It's a pleasure to listen to your explanations.

[@Lilyrhythm]

Does it count as belly fat?

[@minnafinland1660]

Thank you for your wonderfully clear and beautiful presentations!

[@wondersofchemistry]

Thanks Minna! That was very kind of you to leave your comments of appreciation. Regards, Wonders of Chemistry :-)

[@LugandaLearner]

Wonderful presentation✓

[@MrAnthonyxyz]

Is it 7.3 KCal or 7.3 KCal/mol of ATP?

[@beelzebub1924]

This was so easy to understand. Thank you so much . 🥺❤

[@theclassroomdoc]

Fantastic video. Thank you so much!

[@TheRealSultana]

This video is awesome so far. I'm not even in school anymore - just really curious to learn more about this topic. I have a question though - what is the difference between Acyl Carnitine and Acetyl L-Carnitine (which I actually take as a dietary supplement)?

[@wondersofchemistry]

Let us begin with Acyl Carnitine. “Acyl” refers to the “long chain fatty acid” that is attached to carnitine. This long chain fatty acid acts as a passenger that is shuttled across the inner mitochondrial membrane (attached to carnitine) and into the matrix of mitochondria in preparation for fat burning (beta oxidation). Carnitine acts like a taxi service in this process. Recall how the long chain fatty acid (aka acyl group) originated from the breakdown of body fat located within adipose tissue mentioned earlier in the video. Ok... let us now shift our attention to the supplement Acetyl L-Carnitine. The acetyl group is simply a 2-carbon molecule attached to L-Carnitine. This 2-carbon unit can be cleaved by enzymes within body cells to give L- carnitine. So, I guess the next question is why take Acetyl L-Carnitine in preference to L-Carnitine? Well simply put its more easily absorbed across the gut lining than L-Carnitine. Finally, you might be wondering what the L-stands for? It is Latin for the word “laevorotatory” which means left turning. This refers to its property of rotating the plane of a polarised light rays to the left. What is fascinating is that there also exists a D version of the molecule i.e., D-Carnitine with the D referring to the Latin for “dextrorotatory” or right turning. Both molecules are in fact “mirror images" of each other, but possess very different roles. While the L version facilitates the transport of long chain fatty acids from the cytosol and into the mitochondria matrix, the D version directly inhibits this process. Here is a link that you might also find useful www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/acetylcarnitine Hope this helps :-)

[@tricky778]

@@wondersofchemistry you are amazing

[@draceliarose]

Bless you! I've been struggling with this for days.

[@wondersofchemistry]

No worries. i am glad you found this useful :-)

[@bribas6324]

Hey what will happen if those long chain fatty acid cant be oxidize because it wont enter the mitochondria, because of having a carnitine deficiencies?

[@tricky778]

This is amazingly good. The first time I found anyone explain that the ATP balance isn't actually an ATP balance at all. A few questions: 1. Is there an alternative standard biochemical energy balance notation that is actually accurate? eg PPB (phosphate-phosphate bonds) 2. What is the threshold for fatty-acid length to be transported at all and what is the threshold for fatty-acid length to never be transported, similarly for diffusion and other means of crossing into the matrix and being CoA'd - is it just a partitioning of the space of fatty-acids by length between transport and diffusion. Is there a good set of distributions describing the rates for the various lengths and how the membrane composition varies by historical fatty-acid exposure due to a different acid appearing in the space that the membrane is around than the one that was in the space outside the membrane? 3. What changes in the chemical and energy balance of this process as the distribution of fatty acids is varied?

[@tricky778]

ATP carries a lot of energy, can we generate excess and piss it out? I need to lose weight but I'm afraid of the hyperthermia and possible explosion that might result by other means. Maybe I can crystalise the ATP out afterwards and reduce my household heating bills.

[@Discovery_and_Change]

What happens to the fatty acids if you don't have enough l carnitine to shuttle them? Will the fatty acids remain as fat and prevent you from losing fat?

[@Discovery_and_Change]

Are kcalories the same as regular calories? Or is one kcalorie worth a certain amount of calories?

[@rdstudy1024]

Basically yes they are the same, when it comes to talking consumer products - but scientifically speaking 1 Kcal is equal to 1000 calories as you might have guessed. So when you are reading a food label, you are actually looking at Kcals, not simple calories. A calorie is a unit of measurement where the energy produced by burning 1 calorie can increase the temperature of 1 mL of water 1 degree Celsius (in a lab). Since our bodies require large volumes of calories, Kcals are used and the words became interchangeable to make it easier to discuss, when it comes to general conversation.

[@JL-nb1yc]

I'm thinking of taking carnitine for fat burning.

[@머머리-s8t]

Thanks