10 Misconceptions Debunked!

Inspired by CGP Grey's Misconception Debunking: • Top 10 Misconceptions
In which John debunks various misconceptions involving martyrdom, presidents, near-presidents, keeping track of your age, flightless birds, math, physicists, and the universe.
No Edge: • The Edge of the Universe
Check out Crash Course! / crashcourse
HERE ARE A LOT OF LINKS TO NERDFIGHTASTIC THINGS:
Shirts and Stuff: dftba.com/artis...
Hank's Music: dftba.com/artis...
John's Books: amzn.to/j3LYqo
======================
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Hank's Facebook: / hankimon
Hank's tumblr: / edwardspoonhands
John's Twitter: / realjohngreen
John's Facebook: / johngreenfans
John's tumblr: / fishingboatproceeds
======================
Other Channels
Crash Course: / crashcourse
SciShow: / scishow
Gaming: / hankgames
VidCon: / vidcon
Hank's Channel: / hankschannel
Truth or Fail: / truthorfail
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Nerdfighteria
effyeahnerdfigh...
effyeahnerdfigh...
/ nerdfighters
nerdfighteria.i...
A Bunny
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[@MrLeviathan34]

I still get chills every time I hear that Crash Course intro

[@andrewxc1335]

Brilliant. Of course, I'm a teacher, so I love that.

[@mck0612]

A few weeks ago, my teacher played a Crash Course video; it was the first time I had seen one, and I just about lost my mind in the back of the classroom because I saw John Green )and I didn't even know he made this stuff). XD

[@jonathang0ld]

GUYS I DID IT, WHEN JOHN SAYS "EDGE" THE MUSICIAN POPS ON THE SCREEN!!!!!!!

[@megamax888]

I believe that this video is the best Vlogbrothers video ever. The ending and trailer for crash course was amazing and ever so intriguing. And now that we are into the second year of Crash course, ever so worth it.

[@ryanmasad977]

I think I'm going to go watch the entire crash course of world history all over again...

[@brookeworley5140]

Ryan Masad Same here! XD

[@jennmarie4969]

That would have been great for AP exam :)

[@NeroVuk]

Man Crash Course is just amazing

[@aekaydubs]

Hi, I’m from the year 2022, and I’m pleased to report that your “new show” Crash Course has gone well. Like, really well.

[@jangwoo24]

Anyone else spent forever trying to pause at 1:16 to see the image?

[@paulkreymborg3319]

I did it

[@shiningarmor2838]

It is "The Edge"

[@vikop4]

I also did it and its a picture of a man. An artist i imagine. Who he is beats me tho.

[@ldlukefire]

Victoria Morales He is "Edge" of the band U2

[@bobbob191]

I think it's of Bono

[@juliafreeman940]

"You can also sense the need to go deeper which is called inception...." "Sorry. I apologize, I apologize to my whole family for that." THAT MADE MY DAY!

[@sillygoosetaur]

how are you doing now julia

[@TheTomTomsMusic]

Why do I want to listen to U2 all of a sudden?

[@Kris-lu1rs]

Maybe because it's the BEST BAND EVER

[@ryancooper4475]

Don't apologize for the inception joke it was hilarious!!!

[@HeadCannon19]

When he first said "the need to go deeper" I was thinking of…something else…

[@coreystarbird4757]

Mr. Green, you're my new favorite person on the Interwebs. Congratulations and thank you.

[@JessicaPerryLouise]

Yes!

[@lilmisconduct]

nerdfighterrrrr! DFTBA, my friend. DFTBA.

[@_the_]

Is he still your favourite person on the Interwebs?

[@SilverFeet]

I know this is an old video but I have to correct something. Some of the people teeth in Washington's dentures did not come from dead people, they came from living slaves.

[@haltopen12]

thats gotta be a weird conversation "hey I think you're from a less evolved race then I am but I'm gonna take a few of your teeth to put in my mouth"

[@commentsandlikes9509]

source?

[@lonestarr1490]

I bet those slaves are dead by now, thus those a teeth of dead people.

[@davidvandrunen3516]

Man, I really need to listen to U2 now...

[@T1J]

when i first saw this I was like, why the hell does he hold up his book in this. now i get it

[@liamhanson9538]

LOL edge from U2 in one frame at 1:17

[@guppy8073]

Liam Hanson I thought my phone was glitching our lmao

[@TheSpecialJ11]

0.999... is super tricky. Another piece of evidence for it is 4/9 is 0.4444, 7/9 is 0.77777, yet 9/9 is 1. That's how it works. Weird right? Not so weird if you think of it in terms of number systems. 9 is the last digit of base 10, so it causes what you're expressing to repeat, as it is always shy of that whole place value of 10. You know, long division, where if you can't divide it at least one time, you go to the next place value. This just repeats infinitely with n/9. In octal, 7 is the last digit. So 4/7 is 0.444... Makes you wonder if there's another way of expressing numbers that's better. First it was tally marks, then advanced tally marks (aka Babylonian numerals) then Roman numerals, and now Arabic numerals in decimal because of our ten fingers.

[@kyuremblaster1514]

My... Head... Can't... Think...

[@feru1071]

Lets just use infinity factorial

[@FallonAnuk]

How did anyone ever decided that wood was more interesting than gold, lead, hippopotamus ivory, dead people teeth and donkey teeth?

[@TurtleKnite]

I really want that Crash Course preview to be a standalone. The Test speech is really REALLY good, and having it with the music and the various selected shots from episodes makes a fantastic trailer.

[@naynay-fi7iv]

Kind cool watching John being so hyped and energetic before 2016 happened.

[@ebtihal1617]

What about 2016?

[@JatPhenshllem]

@@ebtihal1617 Yeah. I want to know too

[@ViceHoncho]

yepp he was definitely flashing subliminal pictures of The Edge from U2 every time he said "no edge" hahaha

[@mkemia814]

3:12 to 3:45 needs to be made into an inspirational speech.

[@Cyclonus5]

I recently finished watching all of crash course and I find it amazing that the series really just came out last year, and it kinda blows my mind that when this came out it was a new thing. What an amazing journey. I wonder if at that moment in time he could have realized how much he would yell "STAN!"

[@BananaIsSmiles]

I WAS DRIVING IN THE CAR WITH MY BROTHER ONE DAY AND I WAS LIKE "DUDE, NO EDGE" YES

[@andreykozlov5348]

People guess what? NO EDGE.

[@ProducerTree]

Aristotle once said that things come to earth because they wanted to come home, and that's why they sped up. XD

[@polk-e-dot8177]

he also said that things slowed down because they got tired.

[@ProducerTree]

Wait. Really?

[@Efflorescentey]

Me: I’ll watch one video before bed, vlogbrothers is a nice short one. Me an hour later, staring into the void: nO eDgE 😨

[@Hoshimaru57]

Quit shooting your subliminal messages into my head! And what IS that image I keep seeing flash on the screen so fast that anyone with a brain running at an average human speed probably can't see it?

[@Hoshimaru57]

Okay, why?

[@rinrat6754]

It was whenever he said 'the edge'.

[@jmwild1]

Hoshimaru57 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Edge

[@Numbcore888]

Its a picture of The Edge from U2.

[@contrasbeatshop]

just put your speed at .25

[@EllaIngram]

What was that really quickly flashing picture between 1:16-1:17?

[@JoelCarli]

The Edge, the guitarist from U2.

[@theeNappy]

0.999...

[@MuffinsAPlenty]

Why do you say 0.999... < 1? What reasons do you have to believe that statement?

[@theeNappy]

Basic math. Although the difference between these sums is miniscule, 1-0.999...=/=0.

[@MuffinsAPlenty]

Mike D Generally, when this question comes up, people are asking about it in the real number system. In the real number system, there are no infinitesimals. This means that if the difference between two real numbers is smaller than any positive real number, then it is actually 0. This is a strange truth for many people, but it is actually the truth of the real number system.

[@theeNappy]

Yea, but because 0.999... repeats ad infinitum, isn't it an irrational number?

[@MuffinsAPlenty]

Mike D No, repeating decimals are always rational numbers. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeating_decimal

[@RedKornah]

"And here's a little rule of thumb, Aristotle, while he is very famous and everything, he almost always wrong" My favourite quote.

[@neildeutschmann7194]

Wow, so Karl Pilkington was right about there being more than five senses.

[@thewalrusx]

Einstein was horrible at finding work, after failing to get a fellowship with pretty much every physics professor in germany he basically gave up looking for work and only got the patent job through a friend. His father thought he was an utter disgrace for not making something of himself. He would still be unknown even after writing his special theory of relativity if a famous scientist (I can't remember who at the moment) read his work by mere luck and proclaimed to the scientific community how smart Einstein was. So remember, don't be mean to people who are out of work or working a sucky job, they could be the next einstein.

[@HistoryNerd808]

I think it was Max Planck, the founder of quantum physics

[@thewalrusx]

that sounds right

[@jabtrack123]

caught the picture of the guy in the beenie. Fuck yeh....idk what to do with my life now.

[@ebtihal1617]

The way he described poorly sourced hadeiths is interestingly accurate

[@thomas1055213]

1:17 wtf who the hell is that guy any why is he included in the video please explain!

[@mattburkey8393]

That was The Edge, the guitarist of the band U2.

[@thomas1055213]

ok? XD

[@Efflorescentey]

Wait, was that the guitarist’s nickname?

[@MatthewJBRO]

Somehow I want to listen to the band U2

[@averagejklm220]

The universe expands faster than light, so even if you could reach the edge you never would. Wrap your head around that.

[@ono446]

What if I could hypothetically move faster than light?

[@fabske_1234]

Benjamin Tuesday Then you'll break physics when you reach the end. We don't have a clue what could be there, it is taken as impossible to, as inhabitants of this universe, determine what lies beyond it, and even if, it is doubtful we would be able to understand it.

[@TheFlipFlopFatality]

I love the picture of the edge when you say edge! Subtle!

[@Tanvigs]

YAY CRASH COURSE I LOVE CRASH COURSE!

[@sprognosisj8924]

Yeah, Crash Course is awesome!

[@olivierbufole1291]

Anyone what was the picture that flashed.

[@florascent9ts]

Your question got me interested, so I paused the video right before one of the flashes, and went frame by frame with the arrow keys and took a screenshot. It turns out that it's The Edge from U2. Here's the link to the screenshot I uploaded if you want to see it: postimg.org/image/8m9cdonk5/

[@olivierbufole1291]

Ausencio Flores Thank you for taking the time to do that really appreciate that.

[@beanie420grl]

Ausencio Flores hahhaha I had to do that too (because who wants to just submit to subliminal messaging) but I had no clue who that was, so now I get the joke. Thanks :)

[@FaceFudge11]

I am 17 in the late winter of my 17th year, because my birthday is in late winter.

[@kyliecloud1]

No you were just turning 16. The late winter of your 1st year you were just born. So the late winter of your second year you were barely 1, and so on and so forth

[@MisterAppleEsq]

Late winter isn't literal.

[@NomadTL]

Gah! The answer to the question "is this going to be on the test?" still gives me goosebumps. Well said, good sir. Well said.

[@XPimKossibleX]

The .999 repeating is still being debated by mathematicians. Some say that .333 repeating is infinitesimally smaller than 1/3. I agree and say .999 repeating is infinitesimally smaller than one

[@MuffinsAPlenty]

What mathematicians say that .333... is infinitesimally smaller than 1/3? 0.333... is exactly equal to 1/3 in the real number system. That is an indisputable fact. It has been proven. It is true. Done. If you want to go to another number system where repeating decimals are defined differently than they are in the real number system, then you could get a situation in which 0.333... is less than 1/3. But generally, that's not what we're referring to.

[@XPimKossibleX]

MuffinsAPlenty actually .3333 is just what we use to say 1/3. In reality it is infinitesimally smaller. Look up vi hart's video about .999 repeating (the sosond one) \

[@MuffinsAPlenty]

michael benzur Vi Hart's second video is an April Fool's joke. Listen to the last 5 seconds. Moreover, her second video is intentionally riddled with mathematical errors. Despite seeing proof, a lot of people refuse to believe that 0.999... = 1. Many of them even come up with "reasons" why the proofs don't work. Of course, the reasons are incorrect since the proofs _do_ work. Basically, Vi Hart's second video is pretty much poking fun of the arguments that people come up with to say that 0.999... isn't 1 by showcasing them in that video. Listen to the tone of her voice. You can tell that she is completely baffled by the "logic" in what she's saying.

[@XPimKossibleX]

MuffinsAPlenty lol how late was it when i watched that one

[@XPimKossibleX]

MuffinsAPlenty ok u win. i didt even notice it was called why egery proof is wrong

[@lydiaw5832]

I disagree with .999... = 1. when you do .333... + .333... + .333..., you get .999.... but when you subtract .999... from 1, you get a .000...1 difference the original calculation of .333... + .333... + .333... is missing that extra .000...1 (vi hart made a video on this that explains it better than I can because I wasn't trained in math or anything so)

[@hector-m-carrillo]

.000...1 is an invalid concept, because that implies infinity has an end let's do this in base 12 1/3=.4 base 10 1/3=.333... base 12 3*1/3=3*.4=1 base 10 3*1/3=3*.33333=1

[@MuffinsAPlenty]

"(vi hart made a video on this that explains it better than I can because I wasn't trained in math or anything so)" The video you are referring to is an April Fool's joke video. Notice the date it was uploaded and how she basically says "April Fools" at the end.

[@lydiaw5832]

it's interesting; I actually did notice the "april fools" at the end but I guess I interpreted it as "I'm saying april fools so other mathematicians don't kill me" anyway thank you for pointing that out to me

[@MuffinsAPlenty]

Lydia W I know a few people who have had that interpretation of the ending of the video. However, there were several videos she put out after that one (mainly her videos on infinities), where she brings up 0.999... = 1 again, even though it's only tangentially related. Also, the arguments in her 0.999... not equal to 1 video are all flawed (for example when she says you need to put a "2" on both sides). If you pay attention to her tone, you can probably pick up that she thinks most of the things she's saying in the April Fool's video are ridiculous.

[@lydiaw5832]

MuffinsAPlenty oh okay

[@SimonS44]

Does anyone who reads this comment know how to pronounce Albert Einstein's name right? I think the most of you will not, because the right pronounciation is 'Albert Einshtein'. Why? Because he is German and when in the German language the 's' and the 't' are combined, the 's' is not pronounced like 's', but like 'sh'. Jeder Deutsche der das liest, kann sich ja mal in den Kommentaren melden. Funny fact: The name Einstein literally means in German 'Onestone'

[@cyanmanta]

That's not a mispronunciation so much as it is a quirk of the English language, not unlike how, when confronted with a word beginning with an S followed by another consonant, Spanish-speakers involuntarily attach a short E sound to the beginning of the word. Or like how a Japanese person will involuntarily add the sound of U to the end of an English word that ends with the sound of a K. Because that sound is not present in the speaker's native tongue, it needs to be approximated.

[@pifci]

cyanmanta I always thought that "sh" *is* present in English.

[@citenx]

Totally LOLing at the single-frame The Edge interjections. Nice U2 reference!

[@Ultrox007]

Actually 0.9999999999999999 is "smaller" than 1 The problem is the decimal system is flawed for showing fractions so we have no accurate way to write it. And the difference between the numbers is too small to bother with, the point of the matter is, mathmatically it's smaller, but the real misconception is with how people do math. I personally just cut the middle-man and round. so 2/3 or .6666666666 to me is just 0.667 Yay weird american mathmatics..? I'm not trying to be rude with this by the way, I just want to point out the misconception is with the students misunderstanding how fraction to decimal conversion works, *not* that the misconception is with peoples ability to read a decimal vs a whole number.

[@Sarastro404]

0.9.. is 1. There is no number between them. It is common knowledge among mathematicians.

[@HMPerson2]

0.9999999999999999 is less than 1 (note the lack of ellipses) 0.9999999999999999... (with ellipses) is equal to 1

[@MegaSnake1000]

Don't all countries do mathmatics this way? Not just Americans...

[@HMPerson2]

***** There was no bar above the number in the original comment.

[@aleksej996]

TrueWOPR you are right about that is is smaller than 1 ...when you do little more advanced math you see the reason clearer..there is something called the limit of a function..that is (simplified) what function is limited by or simply leaning to.. lim(0.999999...) with n number of 9 when n is leaning to infinity is 1..but 0.9999... is not 1..math is strict..you can not write same number using the same base (10 for decimal..2 for binary) in two different ways (even if you put ... as symbol for infinity of 9-s).. 0.9999... is infinitly smaller than 1 ..but not 1...as there is no number infinity, but there is representation of a number leaning towards it..and "limited by it"..this is not as simple as it looks, math is not a proximation without specifically (limit) saying so...give math more credit then that ;) respect it for what it is.. PS: Fancy93pants same thing applies..you can not make that calculation without specifying that it is a limit..( I learned that same trick in school when I was young, but it is not really right way to do it..I remember having it as a question when I was younger on my city's math competition, with some other questions like proving 1+2+3...+n=n*(n+1)/2 , where correct proof needed is not what they where asking, it really is proven with mathematical induction which I learned later in life..)..so they might teach you in school "incorrect" math proofs as they do with many other classes..but for simplfication purposes only ofc..

[@S0vereignX]

never really thought about the senses like that before, thx John. and by the way, the crashcourse series was awesome

[@KillaPantherX4]

That Inception joke earned you a sub. I'm dying over here.

[@noodle089]

You need to be a teacher too. If I had you as a professor or even an adjunct, my life would be made. I'd move out to Indiana for one semester just to sign up for your class, haha. Even if you never became a famous author I'd still want to take a class that you were teaching. It'd probably be one of the most interesting classes ever.

[@logannewman4532]

The Crash Course preview at the end gave me goosebumps.

[@elenanichol7895]

Guys I love that commercial for crash course- everything will be on that test- please post a clip of that to share with people who need to see crash course

[@QuatFax]

The CrashCourse trailer is the awesomest thing ever!

[@fotopoulosalex6792]

A little over a year ago I stumbled upon the CGPGrey video (Link in the dooblydoo). This video was one of it's related videos, and I watched it. On that day, I became a Nerdfighter.

[@VannaNar]

I'm glad he clarified the "late winter of my seventeenth year" because I got pretty confused while reading that!

[@DanielLCarrier]

No explanations as to the "no edge" thing made it to the front page, so I'll try my hand at it. It's generally accepted by physicists that everywhere in the universe looks pretty much the same. It all has matter in it. You can't just go beyond the matter. It also doesn't get to a point where space itself ends, because that would just be weird. There are a few reasons why this could be the case: First, the obvious one: the universe just goes on forever. You can go in a straight line in any direction and you'll just keep finding new universe. The universe could have zero average curvature in which case parallel lines work how they should, at least as long as they don't get too close to a black hole or something, or it could have negative average curvature in which case everything spreads out as you travel and it all looks like an Escher drawing. Specifically, this one: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_Limit_III Second, the universe may have positive curvature. It all curves into itself like the surface of the Earth, except that instead of being a surface embedded in a higher-dimensional geometry, it's just like that. Third, the universe loops around like a game of asteroids. If you keep going in one direction, you'll loop around and come back.

[@shaunaisaJellyBean]

i love the way you pop of a pic of the edge from u2 now and then

[@destint421]

actualy the same image at 1:17 occurred about 5+ other times in the video!! Drove me nuts.

[@BadtimeBard]

i needed you to make that joke. it wouldn't have been the same for me to say it myself sat here alone in my room.

[@ТомасАндерсон-в1е]

Well, technically, there is an edge to an observable universe, but it;s something not to be mistaken for the whole universe or the Universe (which is not to be misteken for EG.Universe)

[@mooky01]

It‘s amazing how all these comments actually are from 8 years back.

[@bamboozi]

I love how all the comments are just debating that one misconception about math. (Well, most of them. But I want to sound dramatic.)

[@georgeking9247]

i read the book "A short history of nearly everything" that explained that there was a ever expanding boundary to the universe, just no edge. I was confused at first, but apparently the universe curves, so if you tried to go to the mythical edge you would just end up in some random place

[@MuffinsAPlenty]

Yes, the proof he used does tend to make people question the decimal representation of 1/3. I don't know that I would consider it "flawed," but I definitely understand your contention with it.

[@sheltjk]

"Have you seen our new show, Crash Course?" :D

[@KishoreShenoy1994]

I love the inception joke and John's apology

[@Scott-J]

Man, Crash Course World History was so good. I can't believe that was five years ago.

[@NerdsBehavingBadly]

Wow I just noticed the flashing pictures of the Edge.

[@WhatzitT00ya]

1:16 a picture of The Edge from U2

[@VoidHalo]

That thing about the ostriches is weird. I just remembered hearing about it as a kid a couple of days ago, so I went researching the subject. I had no idea that John covered it in this video. Woulda saved me a lot of time.

[@AlabastaJones18]

The fact that you kept showing the picture of U2 guitarist, the Edge, when talking about the "Edge" of the universe makes me want to have your babies

[@RnBramwell]

I think I get the distinction better, thanks to your reply's wording. The common meaning of "touch" fits with Aristotle's usage. 1) You & the video are using "touch" to mean "pressure". By that interpretation, there are indeed more senses. 2) I don't agree that that makes Aristotle wrong, even with temperature: "Touch the pan to see if it's still hot." "Touch" as a common concept, includes temperature sensing. Epistemologically, what is occurring is an equivocation between 1) & 2).

[@DeCrescenzo]

Taking the initiative in creating the internet, is the same. He tried to take sole credit for sponsoring the bill that funded the internet. Gore tried to imply that he is this great visionary, he was lying. The quote is pretty spot on regarding the spirit of what he intended people to believe.

[@johnnyappleseed4568]

Einstein did almost fail Algebra I because of the way the militaristic Germans taught the subject (he was kind of a social outcast), although he passed it after help from his uncle

[@abbeyroad7644]

This is the first video of his I saw and I already love him.

[@augustwogsland3309]

I would just like to say, as I bet many people have before me, that it is not that the universe has no edge, but that it is constantly expanding. There is a difference.

[@ryancalkins4367]

I just got a pre roll to this video featuring Hank Green singing to me about science... Was not expecting that but ok XD

[@rith5]

Mate, when you smile and say stupid things simultaneously: Everyone in the room begins to hate you.

[@riodhnabhreathnach2521]

the universe bends. it goes in on itself and is constantly expanding

[@BBall0027]

First of all: The thing about Washington's dentures reminded me of Key & Peele Secondly: Speaking of misconceptions, though Michael Jordan was cut from the varsity team as a sophomore, it wasn't that he wasn't good enough. It was because he wasn't considered tall enough. At 5'11", his coach didn't think he was tall enough to play varsity. Semi-related side note: Harvest Leroy Smith, who was 6'7", was the sophomore who made the varsity team. Smith had a career in Japan, the UK, France, Germany, and an American minor league...and Jordan would use Smith's middle and last name as an alias to check into hotels.

[@RoScFan]

I must admit that was probably the best speech i ever heard.. the one at the end about learning history. It's just... i can't think of a reason to criticize it.

[@jamieslacks]

that .999 thing messed me up

[@daisycoombs1656]

Please tell me I wasn't the only one to see that picture popping up for a split second every time john said "no edge" Eg at 01:37

[@mischeviousantics]

The real problem with the idea that "late in the winter of your 17th year you are 17" is the use of the word "of", which allows the noun preceding it to take possession it's antecedent. (i.e. A bottle of coke) so when you say "the winter of your 17th year" I'm inclined to think the winter has the person's 17th year in possession, making them a 17 year old in like, February.

[@patrickmyers6603]

The way I understand the universe having no edge is that it is similar to the surface of a balloon. You can travel around the entire surface and yet never encounter an "edge" because the surface is continuously connected to all surrounding points. As for the expansion of the universe, if you inflate the balloon, expansion still occurs, but the lack of an edge remains constant.

[@AmpersandBeta]

I love how you can hear hear the fear/disgust in his voice as he talks about George Washington's dentures.

[@Gslime5]

Loved the secret frames of U2's The Edge, every time he said it....

[@RockismyAir]

Love that you love C. P. G Grey.

[@whiplashfilms]

There is an edge to the universe.. My mind is blown.

[@willowfan100]

LOVE...Absolutely LOVE Crash Course.

[@TheMCGibson]

OMG I JUST NOTICED THAT HANKS ON CRASH CORCE ON JOHNS ON SCI SHOW

[@Icy199512]

Seriously the flashes of other pictures is freaking me out and making me want to write up copnscrpacy therories of the vlogbrothers' intentions

[@ifruit216]

The 17th year thing is finally cleared up. FINALLY.

[@eganator41]

It would be so cool if John made a video solely on Aristotle!

[@michelle8307]

So I know this was forever ago, but I thought I would put my favorite misconception. Some people believe that introverts don't like being around people. Now some might, but the difference between an introvert and an extrovert is how they perceive the world. One has a more sensitive amygdala. To really simplify that, it means they respond to stronger to stimulus. This may surprise some, but the introvert actually responds more strongly to stimulus.

[@KareBearMil]

and this is the video that led me to cgpgrey...thanks, john, i appreciate it.

[@AdrianParsons]

Yes. It was a picture of "The Edge" from U2 that was spliced into the video whenever he said "Edge".

[@alihaleem8264]

there is no edge to the universe is expanding every second

[@georgiabundick]

The reason I thought it was a typo was because I bought tfios and read the first chapter along with John. He specifically said, IN THE WINTER OF MY SIXTEENTH YEAR, and I was thinking it my book that was wrong

[@tuxedo_productions]

The entire time of the video was being being mind blown from #2

[@chriswr1]

There are all sorts of ways to represent values. .999 recurring just happens to be a way to represent a value equal to 1. So does 2/2 and 5-4. .999 recurring can just be confusing to people who aren't familiar with the properties of infinite sums.

[@SplodinCabbage]

it was probably a photo of the edge from U2 that john put in the video because he was talking about the edge of the universe