1800s Macaroni & Cheese

Hello and welcome to another Chat & Chew with Justine and Ron as they devour a delicious meal that was prepared by Justine over on the Early American channel.

[@pinkysworn]

Re: the lactose intolerance thing, the longer a cheese is aged, the less lactose there is in it. So something like parmesan is almost entirely lactose free.

[@taylorle1206]

so true! I'm lactose intolerant - and I love cheese - so I go for the aged cheeses - and swiss cheeses also are fairly low in lactose.

[@elizabetha2601]

So that’s why I can eat anything with Parmesan…now Mac n cheese I’ll deal with the stomach pain for some

[@SusanBullockUberGrams]

I'm lactose intolerant too I loved milk but can't drink it anymore it really messes up my stomach and my day :( I love all the cheeses but seems they don't mess with me, thankfully, yogurt either. I do buy Fairlife milk it's excellent for that occasional bowl of cereal I like to consume. :)

[@elizabetha2601]

@@SusanBullockUberGrams i buy Greek yogurt or lactaid milk

[@mel4776]

If you have your cheese and milk raw there’s no lactose either

[@juliecoulson1177]

Ron, you and Justine sound like a married couple, that has been married for years. That meal that Justine cooked looks so delicious. God bless you two ❤️

[@frontierpatriot]

Yes we do :D thankyou so much!!

[@j03150315]

Wait…they are NOT a married couple?

[@a.c.9993]

@@j03150315 they're engaged :)

[@j03150315]

@@a.c.9993 they are so cuuutttee🥹🥹🥹

[@trishplanck9776]

The look on Ron’s face when Justine talked about him getting gas was priceless! It was like,”You’re not seriously going to talk about this”.😂 A few shades of red later…..😂🤣

[@ArtGardenFoodExpressions]

she's tacky and seem to have no respect for her husband, IMO

[@Flameysaur]

Art, Garden, Food Expressions i'm sure they know better about their dynamic and boundaries than some random person on the internet. what an unnecessary and rude comment

[@SireneKalypso]

@@ArtGardenFoodExpressions Just say you're jealous and single, man.

[@debs8467]

Want a divorce/breakup? Embarrass significant other on national TV...

[@georgea.9684]

My wife and I just discovered you guys and we are going crazy bing watching you two. So wholesome and just plain fun to watch, much better than any of the filth coming out of Hollywood nowadays. You guys are delightful…👍🏻😊

[@lenaanne9778]

Same here, never watch anything from Hollywierd or MSM. So many good things on KZbin.

[@cher3093]

Same! I just love them! And hollywood lost the ability to nurture talent around 1980.

[@allisonm2579]

Yep. Same here. This is now becoming a daily addiction.

[@caregivingwithlove3405]

Same here! My husband and I are having a blast from these videos....

[@Tabbyfunk144]

I agree

[@tinalsanchez4837]

I’m laughing so hard in my dining room 😅😂🤣, I thought my family was the only family that talked about each other’s gas at the table during dinner…I have made several of your dinners, I’m definitely going to make this mac’n cheese dish. Thank You for another wonderful video…🌻

[@bessiemann7468]

Love watching you two enjoying a delicious meal. Justine you sure can cook and Ron sure enjoys eating

[@shable1436]

George Washington was everywhere in eastern US so he had to be a horse riding master. I touched his initials he carved in rock a long time ago at natural bridge during a cleaning in the 90s, he was a master mason as well

[@frontierpatriot]

If you'd like to see this meal and others being prepared please visit the Early American channel, over there we cook it and here we eat it. kzbin.info

[@Crazycatlady-inTennessee]

This is one of the best Chat and Chews! You all had me laughing the whole time! Justine this meal looks delicious! Ron the fire box looks pretty empty. Better get to it chop chop !

[@bonniegarber9915]

I noticed that, too! The shoe makers kids go barefoot... the wood cutters wood box goes empty! 😆 🤣 😂 But, if we know these two, Ron has the wood cut, waiting to be brought in!

[@melissagoings1]

Yes... The wood box, Ron.🤨😆

[@gailfox6791]

I had a nanny goat as a pet when I was young. She wasnt nasty at all. I would spread a blanket out In the yard in summer. She would come and sit in my lap while i read to her!lol. It was funny because she was way bigger than me. U and Ron compliment each other so well.

[@countrystyle5076]

I love goats... I miss them but my husband says no goats... so Wednesday I went and bought 3 Scotch highlander cows.

[@jodeneantonson985]

I've been a fan of yours, Justine, since you were a maid in the big house and a fan of Ron since he began supplying wood for the big house. Your two new channels now are terrific! I enjoy them so much!

[@susangarvey9415]

The gas conversation made me laugh so much, I could not imagine Justine getting wind, but can definitely imagine Ron fanning the blankets 🤣 I love pies, my mum used to make the best pies, minced beef and onion pie with a puff pastry top and a good beefy gravey was my favourite🥮.

[@poolahpot]

oooh! do you have a recipe??

[@susangarvey9415]

@@poolahpot yes, I'll write it down later.

[@poolahpot]

@@susangarvey9415 oh! thanks so very much!!! 👏👏👏

[@amsodoneworkingnow1978]

Have to agree that a good minced beef pie is to die for. We often have it as it's also a huge favourite of my husband's too. Served with creamy mashed potatoes and garden peas a meal to savour.

[@susangarvey9415]

@@poolahpot hiya, the minced beef pie is easy, I just brown a pound and a half of minced beef with 1 diced onion, then towards the end of the frying I add a diced carrot, a teaspoon of mixed herbs and a teaspoon of black pepper. Stir all this together and then add a glug of red wine (I find merlot the best) about half a small teacup of pasata and 1 and a half beef stock cubes, stir that for a wee while, add half a teaspoon of sugar and about a pint and a little bit more of water (check to make sure it doesn't evaporate too much as the mince is cooking I simmer it for about 3/4 of an hour, adding a small amount of peas in the final minute, strain the liquid from the mince into a saucepan when cooked and let it all cool down. When cooled heat the oven I use gas so it's at gas mark 6. I buy shop bought pastry this days, I do prefer shortcrust for this pie, but puff pastry is good too. I prebake the bottom for around 15 minutes, then add the mince with a little of the strained liquid, add the top, brush with milk and beaten eggs and bake for about 45 minutes. Cook your potatoes whilst it's baking mashed potatoes are great with this pie to make the gravy stir in a tablespoon of plain flour, top up with more water and stock cube and bring to the boil stirring all the time (use more flour if you prefer a thicker gravy) simmer for about 20 minutes, adding a teaspoon of butter when done. Serve with mashed potatoes and whatever veg you fancy. I use the same minced beef for Shepherds pie too, although technically Shepherds pie is minced lamb minced beef is cottage pie, I put that under the grill with cheese to melt on top of the potatoes, my son reckons its so delicious you can taste the Shepherds in it😆

[@lisakhon5458]

I want to give you both an award for EVERY video you put out.... every single time 🏆🏆 💓 (Thank you for all the work you put into doing these)

[@hillaryhollins667]

Love love your channel, you two present a great lesson in things history! We love history and learning! I’m in my 70’s my son is also a history buff, who enjoys the Patriot show! Please keep doing this series of shows?

[@leticiawallace1220]

In many cultures belching and flatulence is a compliment to the cook. So Ron, you’ve got it covered 🌹

[@margui6224]

Yes. But I don’t think is part of American culture.

[@karenwright8556]

You all make me laugh,I love it when Justine tells on Ron for "the turbulent winds",so funny!😂The food does sound good,looks good ,too.🤤💞

[@krystynalwood4161]

has Justine ever thought of showing how they made jellies in the 1800's? I love doing canning and making jams and jellies.

[@spiritinthesky4853]

your videos give feelings of peace and calm. Ty 🙋🏻‍♀️

[@kiarycharles1422]

no hablo mucho inglés pero me gusta su estilo de cocina y sus resetas 🤗 veo cada video, saludos desde lationamerica 🏖

[@janicem9225]

Awww. I love your simple blessing before eating. I give thanks that same way, right before digging in. 🙂

[@debrapate5046]

Cant wait to see another great video from you two! Y’all are awesome together. Such a wonderful couple. Enjoy your meal!

[@frontierpatriot]

Thank you so much 🤗

[@taylorle1206]

I mean how could annnnyone not like your video - you two are so sweet to eachother - and just seem to really enjoy simple things and simple pleasures - but mostly it's the way you treat eachother that is so lovely and honestly refreshing

[@ashleybrown9928]

You got my subscription the moment you said and thank you Lord for the meal

[@kelleymendonca4138]

Correction…both of your channels are the sweetest on KZbin.

[@deewesthill1213]

The word "macaroni" in the song "Yankee Doodle", describing a feather stuck in a cap, meant a style of fancy 18th-century men's clothing. Shortened to mac with a k added it meant a pimp, aka a "mack daddy". The word "doodle" as in "Yankee Doodle" was shortened to dood and respelled "dude" to resemble "duke". It could mean a fancy dresser (a dandy), a lower-class man wearing upper- class clothing, an urban dweller ("city slicker"), a guest, usually from a city, at a "dude ranch" in Far Western regions, then, mainly in inner cities, a young male, often used by one young man or boy addressing another one. Now used, mostly by young men, in informal spoken English everywhere.

[@Whitewavewoman]

Did not know any of this! Thank you for sharing! 🥰😍😘

[@deewesthill1213]

@@Whitewavewoman You're welcome!

[@gelsilicawalker3835]

Honest loving couple, love ya'll.

[@leeannegiurintano6986]

Good Evening Ron & Justine!!! Great to see another chat & chew!!!😊👋

[@frontierpatriot]

Thanks for coming

[@shamgirl240]

The food looks delicious 😋 I must admit I did chuckle at the subject of night time gas, in the u.k when someone parps( or we also call it a trump) in bed and wofts the covers we call it a Dutch oven.. 🤣🤣

[@sewhappysarahr8912]

The fart talk! I am an elementary art teacher, we have to talk about farting a lot. Everyone does it! Love your videos. Ron, don't eat so fast! My grandfather used to say plant your potatoes when the oak leaves are as big as a mouse's ear.

[@phyllispitts6656]

Could y’all do a breakfast chit chat sometime? Also what if any kind of vinegars would have used say in the 17 to 1800’s? Vinegar can enhance green leafy vegetables!

[@fifisflowers]

Macaroni Cheese one of My Absolute favourites 🧀 Looking forward to seeing how You Make it ~ I am loving watching so many Video's lately 💛

[@moodylicious]

Townsends shows the making of mushroom ketchup. Check it out and learn to make your own, Jus & Ron!! YAY!! Plus the mac & cheese you might have dribbled some more warm cream on, as it became a little too dried out after the wait. I love watching & learning from you two and have watched tons of your videos. You Rock!!

[@frontierpatriot]

Thanks for the tips!

[@debrabrickus8467]

I love to watch Justine cook and you eat.

[@indiecole62]

I laughed so loudly at the "eating too quickly" sufferance! My husband who was laid next to me turned to see what I was giggling at at 1am... I told him how Ron reminded me of him! At least your quilt isn't billowing on the ceiling like ours is after my hubby ate too quickly 😂😂😂 I love you guys!!

[@nikkischreiber3221]

You guys are fun. Love what you do of old times, how people cooked, ate and survived.

[@pamelacourt5997]

I have your beef tea. I made it this weekend, came out great. I made a large pot, so I have 1/2 gallon on hand. had a cup tonight...Yummy and comforting. You both remind me of my Husband and myself in height. He was 6'4" and I am 4'11" ...Ha Ha. 17" difference. I always need a stool around the house. I love watching both of your channels. I love all the information and the banter between you both. Best regards for Suwanee Ga. 😊😊😊😊

[@PRTTYBTTRFLY1]

I really enjoy your conversations I feel like I’m a guest at your table enjoying your company Alfred your included too. Everyone says you was pregnant I said no she’s not she just enjoys her cooking and Ron you eat like a king 👑.

[@Icywinter166]

I love your videos and your cooking ones Justine you are so good at cooking

[@tracys169]

Watching y'all eat and chat...made me think of some comfy words....hmmm......wholesome. That's it. So wholesome and cozy. The food looks great too.

[@mskat1954]

watching these shows in Florida. Thank you for doing them & sharing. Reminds me of the days on my aunts farm in Wva. Had electricity but no indoor plumbing lol. Also we used a coal/wood stove so no cooking in the fireplace

[@debbietucker3103]

Thank you again for a wonderful episode! I know we all have to live with the "turbulent winds" from time to time.😂😁 oh, I think maybe a root cellar!

[@toecutterjenkins]

Parmigiano is probably very easy to store for long periods without a refrigerator.

[@lavender1742]

Omg Justine I tell my husband the same thing!! “At least they don’t smell!” 😂 I was in a Walmart bathroom when i was listening and cracked up laughing 😂😂😬💀

[@sallyk7363]

Your dinner looked wonderful I love your hearty young people appetites I'm also very glad that you're letting more of your real personalities shine through because they're just lovely and I enjoy these videos you put out so much thank you

[@duoneswart4989]

Why is it so satisfying watching you guys eat! Didn't know macaroni was around back then

[@lynnmaupin-simpson1215]

I cheat by keeping refrigerated piecrust in the fridge. I put leftovers into a pie or make meat pasties. You can use up ham, beef,rice, zucchini, mushrooms,etc. You may not have enough for a complete 2 person meal but enough for a pie. You can stretch leftover gravy or sauces. Love your channel. I will watch whatever you put out there! Thank you.

[@emmawalbroehl3133]

Love both your channels.My husband and I are old souls. We love the old ways, and the tools and household items of the time. Next time you do the meat pie put grated cheese between the meat layers. Bet that would be yummy. Thank you for your content if we did not live so faraway we would love to visit

[@CatzASMRnMore]

wow just learned something new.I didnt know macaroni was made back in the 1800's i thaught it was more recent times...awesome.thanks for the learning of your channels...love them both.

[@susanfromthemountains1754]

Macaroni and cheese oh my! I wish I could taste it too! 💕 Can't wait till 7 p.m. !

[@heidipustelniak652]

That was a wonderful meal! I am hungry now! Can’t wait to see your garden!

[@INTUITIVENORSK2303]

Oh yummy, yummy, yummy in my tummy! haha Oh Justine, you've done it again! A tasty spread before you both & for us, so visually appealing & has the ability, to encourage ones appetite. I so love home made macaroni & cheese. There are countless variations & if you love cooking & prefer cooking in your own kitchen, with much love, using fresh & good quality ingredients, you cannot go wrong. I'm so glad i found you guys! You both make my heart sing & Justine, you're a fab wee cook! I can sit there for a few hours, just listening to/watching you both chat over a great wee meal. There's only "one" primary issue here. You guys make us ALL very HUNGRYYYYY!! lol I then find myself in our kitchen and whipping up a very tasty meal. Last night i made your potato and onion recipe. So simple yet delicious. Thank you, for sharing your lives/videos with us & God bless you both. xx

[@amygrimm7825]

“Elegantly, like a lady.” 😂 Oh my goodness, you’re both absolutely adorable, love both of your channels. I really do wonder this though, is your food still warm by the time you get to eat it? I have a hard time keeping food warm in my modern kitchen!

[@TheSophisticatedmay]

I couldn't have said it better myself...Aren't they wonderful. Love you both!

[@mylamathews7990]

ahhaah

[@c.s.oneill2079]

I loved that too.

[@celemirelewen]

I think she keeps most all her food in the cast iron dishes in which it's cooked till they're ready to eat. Cast iron retains heat SO much better than modern cookware. (Glass, ceramic, Teflon, etc.)

[@hdfemale]

I had to laugh at Justine tattling on Ron's "nocturnal noises"! I didn't think it would be proper to discuss that in households back then, but, of course, it seems to be a regular subject these days. At least in my family's homes. My granddaughter is always telling me fart jokes! All of that aside, I love all your recipes, and watching you prepare them. I wouldn't mind having such an easy and simple kitchen like yours. My BIL and his wife back in the 70's lived in a converted railroad car in the mountains. She could cook a 6-course meal on an old wood stove inside that rail car. As near as I know, it's still there, but they have both passed on. It was just the way of life that they chose and they loved it. Keep up the good work, because I watch both of your channels and enjoy immensely! God bless, be well. 🥰

[@jackieblue787]

You're wrong, Ron. People DO wanna see the outhouse. 🤣🤪

[@cathymobley1457]

Still in love with you two you guys are doing a great job in love with your videos even try some of the recipes there were very tasty .

[@glenndamckinnis9445]

Haven't finished watching yet but I need to tell you this tip 😆 MAKE RON A CUP OF GINGER TEA TO DRINK AFTER SUPPER😆It should cut the wind😆

[@Charles-yg9tj]

I used to go rendezvous and absolutely LOVED getting away from the craziness. Of course, we didn't have the luxury of a cabin. It's awesome to see that people still love teaching the old ways. With my grandfather having been born in the 19th century, it helps me see how he lived prior to statehood. btw, "chamber pot" - ahh...memories of the noises at night. LOL As far as did went, if you ever have to sleep on the ground when it rains, never sleep on deer, can we say-WET? buffalo was my choice.

[@amypaparone55]

There’s nothing better than cooking for a good eater like Ron. After all your hard work making delicious dinners Justine, imagine if Ron ate like a bird! 😩🤦🏼‍♀️ no way!

[@richardkelly8697]

My wife and I enjoy you🙏 guys. I didn't know that they had macaroni in the 1800s. It's nice to see how they lived back then.✨🌻

[@stamez48]

Yall have inspired me to build a cabin on my land and live in the way of the 1800s life just seems to be happier in that time of age

[@karenmorris2358]

Really enjoying watching you both! I watch a ton of history videos on KZbin mostly professors lecturing, or archeology stuff. Living history is rare. I stumbled on your channels by accident and now I am a big fan! What a breath of fresh air. You are onto something don't stop.. Sending love from Atlanta Georgia.

[@heavenclouds5809]

Preserving American culture. Thank you ☺

[@kardiaheart]

Can't wait to see your garden and you "putting up" your food for winter. I learn new things every time Justine cooks! Look up Mohair. It's goat hair and clothing made with it was super popular in the 60's. I think it's a little itchy though like wool.

[@bcase5328]

I would suggest adding parsnips and turnips to your garden.

[@ashleybosvik3031]

Mohair is very comfortable and not really that itchy.

[@christined2495]

I always hit the like button, what’s not to like ❤️ Love your channels

[@trplohetski]

New to your channel and I can’t get enough. I’m sure you’ve probably talked about already , but how much of your everyday life do you live like this? How much of your time is spent in the cabin? I know it’s really hard work but I would love to live like this all the time, something about the simplicity, calm and purpose. Thank you for this .

[@thecrafteaneighbor5177]

You will have to make baked beans next, Justine. Ron would certainly keep your bedroom pretty well warmed up with the amount he would probably eat. Beans, after all, are the 🎶 musical 🎶 fruit. So, make sure you make a big enough potful. And then, keep a candle burning close by when you go to bed to help 🔥 off any unpleasant odors. Though, if Ron is really being musical, the bedroom might end up exploding. 😜 😂 Anyway, thanks for the fun video! God bless. Sue

[@katfrench5003]

Too much like my husband and myself! Y'all are hilarious.

[@aliciagordon4820]

I forgot to mention on the other video when you said you were in Seoul as a kid. We, my Dad was DOD, lived there from 68’-74’ I’m much older than you😂 I went to the 2nd thru 6th grade. Still feel like it was my home town. I love what y’all do… definitely on my list of I wish I’d done what y’all are doing. Take care and thanks for your real world👍🏻🥰

[@ahammersen1323]

To combat the critters from raiding your garden, wire cloches are historically accurate and still acquirable. If you are looking for a quick turnaround depending on your soil spinach is 45 days as supposed to potatoes at 100-120 days.

[@LadyMorganLavon]

Also your own hair or a dirty piece of cloth with human scent helps too. Another thing is wind turners or something that makes sounds or reflects will deterred with movement

[@tiffanyi5645]

“Cheese is never a bad idea” this is probably my most important takeaway from this video. Like this is mastery level wisdom for finding happiness!

[@teresag3310]

Conversations like these are what make you two AUTHENTIC and not a fake or scripted video. It's adorable.

[@MoneypitHomestead]

Hi guys, funny as I sit here watching you I feel like I’m back in time …. And then you talk about the white cheese at the Mexican restaurant and I’m like what…. Ha ha love you guys. Have a great day. Lisa #moneypithomestead

[@georgegooding8207]

Have you ever considered the Dandelion as food? My Father would make Dandelion wine, and Mom would make a meal of the greens.My job was to go out in the yard and pick them. Sweet memories from many years ago.

[@smokeytrailcottage]

Only thing that is missing from your meal is a cup of Tea. It all looks great.

[@breezygreenhome2689]

Old Sturbridge Village is not far from me. I’ve shared your channels with the OSV retired Tin Smith and cook, who used to create feasts over the fire for guests. He is excited to see your channels. I’m learning so much! Thanks for sharing!

[@frontierpatriot]

Thanks for sharing!

[@oms1479]

Yay! Love the chat and chews!

[@INTUITIVENORSK2303]

Oh & your beef pie looks totally sensational! I'm sure it tasted so good. Plus, the rest of your spread. We just love watching you guys! x

[@cindysteffens8065]

I love watching the cooking and the the eating! You're such a wonderful couple.

[@kellyschmitt683]

Really enjoy watching you both! Love watching Justine cook, so interesting to see what all can be done in a fireplace.

[@ajulrich1072]

Now I get to watch and listen while you eat! So cool! Wish I was there!!!

[@bonniegarber9915]

You two are hilarious! Wondrous entertainment! Love your channels, your content and the two of you. ❤ The fry pan hanging up there might work for browning toppings, using the flat bottom. You could add your cheese to the Mac, put in a pie plate and bake it, no mess in your cast iron! Have you thought of making cheese? That would be fun! When are you getting a cow?

[@tatianaroldan3364]

I am loving your videos! The simple life matters more than anything! Blessings from SF CA!

[@gloriaacevedo3835]

Love your videos I like the old days soo much more videos please ☺️❤you guys are awesome.

[@bakedvegan6379]

Love your Chat & Chew videos!

[@frontierpatriot]

Thank you 😋

[@ConfederateDixieDarling]

I really love watching your channels. They are very educational and fun and I laugh when I watch them. Thank you so very much for providing the best entertainment and educational experiences on the internet or TV.

[@paulet990]

"I want to be buried with a block of cheese." 😂😂😂

[@amymascara8864]

I found your channels and I love them for the historical education and the simplicity. Everything in modern day is complicated instead of easier. Life is much more stressful instead of better and modern conveniences have spoiled the human experience. I want the simplicity of this lifestyle that is centered around the fire hearth.❤️

[@Leelee...]

That meal looked delicious!! You two are too cute.🥰

[@virginiaphillips5217]

Love...love your video. I tried the sausage and apples, potatoes and eggs with onion.. Love your stories. History is my favorite thing and watching the two of you is like having a video book. Thanks

[@lorimonnier8261]

I love your program. So glad I came across it.

[@BurnMedown]

Every meal u make you guys always say is you're favorite of all time. I love you're channels.

[@annak1371]

I also just discovered your channels and it's so fun to watch and learn.

[@frontierpatriot]

Welcome aboard!

[@jeanmanns4467]

I always look forward to your channel, you two are the real deal in presenting early American life..I’m in love with those two butter churns you’ve used , can you please say where to find one!!

[@briannacalle1531]

I enjoyed this so much. I watched this while eating my own meal. I kept forgetting this was a video and kept almost asking y’all questions or adding on to the conversation hahah! Lovely content it made eating this meal much more fun

[@katm5903]

The cabin is coming along nicely. It's so cozy! I wish I didn't have a stomach bug because I would love to eat that lol.

[@faegrrrl]

Oh, sweet yum!! I've been unable to eat for a couple of days and this is making me feel like I could finally eat. I love dandelion greens the best. Parmigiano is so good on macaroni!!

[@nancycurtis488]

One of the things that was quite common during the 1700’s, 1800’s and 1900’s was a small garden that was close to the back of the house and was called a “ kitchen garden”. Had herbs, onions, okra ( in the south) tomatoes, summer squash, cantaloupe and watermelon, and maybe two long rows of runner green beans. You would love having one.

[@louiseclark7967]

LOL The way to Ron's heart is definitely through good food! Love you guys from CT

[@sherryconnelly7030]

I really enjoy all your videos on both channels. Question How did the store leftovers back in the day? Watching from New Brunswick. Canada

[@sonyareeder7855]

Ron is in culinary heaven, everything always looks so tasty....forgot to mention the "way to a man's heart is through his stomach". I know this is absolutely true for my husbsnd.

[@poolahpot]

after almost 30years my sweet hubby now cooks for me! 🥰 i’m retired from the kitchen 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻

[@amsodoneworkingnow1978]

Husband and I have always shared cooking a huge big no no when we married 54years ago but we just both enjoyed cooking, he took early retirement while I chose to work on so he did most of the cooking for 7 years.